ntspehl;lj;jiw mgptpuj;jpfs;5 70, | mz; tpuj;jp 2019 2020 tzpfg;nghul;fspyhd thj;jfk; kw;wk; thj;jf...
TRANSCRIPT
ntspehl;Lj;Jiw
mgptpUj;jpfs;
5,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lj; Jiw> 2018,d; gpd;diug;gFjpapy; epytpa caHe;jsT ghjpf;fg;gLk;
jd;ikfspypUe;J kPl;rpAw;W 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tYtile;jJ. tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwapy;
fhzg;gl;l fzprkhd RUf;fk; kw;Wk; gzpfs; fzf;fpw;fhd cl;gha;r;ry;fs; vd;gd 2019,d;
Kjw;fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; eilKiwf; fzf;fpy; kpifnahd;wpidj; Njhw;Wtpj;jd. vdpDk;> capHj;j
QhapW jhf;Fjy;fis cldLj;J gzpfspypUe;jhd tUkhdk; tPo;r;rpaile;jikapdhy; 2019,d;
,uz;lhk; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; eilKiwf; fzf;F ghjfkhfj; jhf;fkile;jJ. ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk;
16.1 rjtPjj;jpdhy; ngUkstpw;Ff; Fiwtile;jikapdhYk; Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fspd; 4.7 tsHr;rpapdhYk;
2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;Fr; RUf;fkile;jJ. ,wf;Fkjpr;
nrytpdj;jpy; Vw;gl;l mj;jifa Fiwg;gpw;F nfhs;if topKiwfspd; jhf;fj;jpidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w
tpjj;jpy;> jq;fk; kw;Wk; ce;J CHjpfspd; ,wf;Fkjpfspy; Vw;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;f RUf;fNk J}z;Ljyhf
mike;jJ. tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwapy; Vw;gl;l RUf;fk; capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjypidj; njhlHe;J
Rw;WyhtpypUe;jhd tUtha;fspd; kPjhd jhf;fj;jpidAk; njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fspd; kpjkhd
jd;ikapidAk; ngUkstpw;F vjphPL nra;jikapd; %yk; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; eilKiwf;
fzf;fpy; rpwpjsT gw;whf;Fiw Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. I.m.nlhyH 4.4 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd
gd;dhl;L Kwpfs; ntw;wpfukhf toq;fg;gl;lik fhuzkhf nrd;kjp epYitapd; epjpapay; fzf;F ghhpa
cl;gha;r;riyg; gjpTnra;j Ntisapy;> murhq;fk; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Kd;dH toq;fpa I.m.nlhyH
1.5 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfis kPsr;nrYj;jpaJ. vdpDk;> ntspehl;L Neub
KjyPLfSk; nfhOk;Gg; gq;Fg; ghptHj;jidapy; ntspehl;L KjyPLfSk; vjpHghHf;fg;gl;ljpYk; ghHf;ff;
Fiwthf ,Ue;jikapd; fhuzkhf epjpapay; fzf;fpd; Vida gha;r;ry;fs; kpjkhd jd;ikapidj;
njhlHe;J nfhz;bUe;j Ntisapy;> 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; mur gpizaq;fs; re;ijapy; ntspehl;L
KjyPLfs; Njwpa ntspg;gha;r;rnyhd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jd. mNjNtis> ,yq;if 2019 Nkapy; gd;dhl;L
ehza epjpaj;jpd; tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa trjpapd; MwhtJ njhFjpapidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJld; VohtJ
njhFjp 2019,d; entk;gH Muk;gg;gFjpapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLnkvd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Vg;gpwy;
kw;Wk; Xfj;jpy; rpy jsk;gy;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l NghJk; Nkk;gl;l tHj;jf epYitAld; NrHe;J epjpapay;
fzf;fpw;Ff; fzprkhdsT cl;gha;r;ry; Vw;gl;likapd; jhf;fj;jpidg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w tpjj;jpy; ,yq;if
&gh 2019 xj;NjhgH eLg;gFjpapy; 0.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; caHtile;jJ. cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr;
re;ijapy; fhzg;gl;l Àz;Ljyspf;Fk; epiyikfs; 2019,d; ,Jtiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; Njwpa
mbg;gilapy; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapidf; nfhs;tdT nra;tjw;F kj;jpa tq;fpia mDkjpj;jd. ,jd;
tpisthf> nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffs; 2019,d; nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 7.6 gpy;ypaDf;F
Nkk;gl;L Vwj;jho 4.6 khj ,wf;FkjpfSf;F rkkhditahff; fhzg;gl;ld. 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;
cyfshtpa hPjpapy; gy Kf;fpa mgptpUj;jpfs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. ,it ,yq;ifapd; kPJ rpy frpTj;
jhf;fq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;ff;$Lk;. ghhpa nghUshjhuq;fspilNa fhzg;gLk; tHj;jfg; gjl;lq;fs;>
Vida GtprhH murpay; epiyikfSld; NrHe;J fhzg;gLk; gpnwf;rpl;bd; epr;rakw;w jd;ikfs; vd;gd
FWq;fhyj;jpypUe;J eLj;ju fhyg;gFjp tiuapy; cyfshtpa tsHr;rp tha;g;Gf;fisf; Fiwj;Jtplf;$Lk;.
,J ,yq;iff;fhd KjyPl;L cl;gha;r;ry;fisg; ghjpf;Fk;. NkYk;> 2019,d; ,Wjpg;gFjpapYk; 2020 ,Yk;
eilngwtpUf;Fk; NjHjy;fspd; fhuzkhf epr;rakw;w nfhs;iffspdhy; ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsHfspd;
kNdhghtKk; ghjpf;fg;glf;$Lk;.
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,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
tzpfg;nghUl;fspyhd tHj;jfk; kw;Wk; tHj;jf epYit
• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tHj;jff;
fzf;fpd; gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d; njhlHghd
fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;Fr;
RUf;fkile;jJ. ,jw;F ,wf;Fkjpfs; kPjhd nrytpdk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;Fr; RUf;fkile;jikAk; Vw;Wkjp
tUtha;fspy; Vw;gl;l kpjkhd mjpfhpg;Gk; toptFj;jd.
Mz;bd; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;Wkjp
tUtha;fs; 2.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F Mz;L)
tsHr;rpaile;j Ntisapy; ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; 14.6
rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf>
2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tHj;jfg;
gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d; njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpapd;
I.m.nlhyH 7>240 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy;
I.m.nlhyH 4>854 kpy;ypaDf;F I.m.nlhyH 2>386
kpy;ypadhy; RUf;fkile;jJ.
• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tzpfg;nghUs;
Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; kpjkhf mjpfhpj;jd.
2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;Wkjp
tUtha;fs; 2018,d; njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpapd; 5.8
rjtPjk; nfhz;l tsHr;rpAld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH
8>031 kpy;ypaDf;F 2.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd.
Vw;Wkjpfspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;G ifj;njhopy;
Vw;WkjpfspypUe;J fpilj;j Ntisapy;> Ntshz;ik
kw;Wk; fdpg;nghUs; Vw;Wkjp ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jd.
• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ifj;njhopy;
Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH 6>331
kpy;ypaDf;F 4.0 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;J (Mz;bw;F
Mz;L) nkhj;j Vw;Wkjpfspy; 79 rjtPjj;jpw;F
tiuglk; 5.1
ntspehl;L tHj;jfr; nrayhw;wk;
Vw;Wkjpfs; ,wf;Fkjpfs; tHj;jf epYit
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
2015 2016 2017 2018 2018 rd-Xfj;
2019 rd-Xfj;
I.m.nlh. gpy;ypad;
Chart 5.1 External Trade Performance
%yq;fs;:
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp ,yq;ifr; Rq;fk;
tif$wpd. INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; nghJthf;fg;gl;l
Kd;Dhpikfspd; jpl;lk; + kPsf; fpilg;ngw;wikapd;
ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; If;fpa mnkhpf;f - rPdh> tHj;jfg;
gjl;lq;fspd; fhuzkhf tHj;jfk; jpirjpUk;gpaik>
vd;gdtw;wpd; gad; fhuzkhf Glitfs; kw;Wk;
MilfspypUe;jhd Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH
3>737 kpy;ypaDf;F 8.3 rjtPjk; nfhz;l (Mz;bw;F
Mz;L) tsHr;rpiag; gjpTnra;jd. 2019,d; Kjy;
vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpw;fhd
Mil Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH
1>454 kpy;ypaDf;F 5.9 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jikf;F
N[Hkdp> ,j;jhyp> nejHyhe;J kw;Wk; If;fpa
,uhr;rpaj;jpypUe;jhd caHe;j Nfs;tpfs; cjtpahf
mike;j Ntisapy; If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpw;fhd Mil
Vw;Wkjpfs; I.m.nlhyH 1>539 kpy;ypaDf;F 7.7
rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd. mWitr; rpfpr;irf;Fk;
Vida Nehf;fq;fSf;Fkhd ifAiwfspd; Nkk;gl;l
nrayhw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf ,wg;gH cw;gj;jpfspypUe;jhd
Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fSk; I.m.nlhyH 591 kpy;ypaDf;F
1.2 rjtPjk; nfhz;l tsHr;rpiag; gjpTnra;jd.
2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Nghf;Ftuj;Jr;
rhjdq;fspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; 32.3 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
Mz;bw;F Mz;L mbg;gilapy; I.m.nlhyH 121
kpy;ypaDf;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; mjpfhpj;jikf;F
2019 A+dpy; ag;ghDf;fhd flw;Nghf;Ftuj;J fynkhd;W
tpepNahfpf;fg;gl;likNa Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. NkYk;>
mr;rplg;gl;l ifj;njhopy; cw;gj;jpfs;> mbg;gil
cNyhfq;fs; kw;Wk; mjd; nghUl;fs;> ,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;>
ituq;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; vd;gdtw;wpypUe;jhd
Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fSk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; Vw;Wkjpr;
nrayhw;wj;jpd; tsHr;rpf;Fg; gq;fspj;jd. vdpDk;>
ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfs;> nghwpfs; kw;Wk;
tiuglk; 5.2
Vw;Wkjpfspd; cs;slf;fk; (rd-Xfj; 2019)
Figure 5.3Composition of Exports (Jan - Aug 2019)
Njapiy 11.4%(I.m.nlh 915 kpy;.) thridj;jputpak; 2.5%
(I.m.nlh 203 kpy;.)
njq;F 2.9%(I.m.nlh 232 kpy;.)
Vida Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpfs;3.9% (I.m.nlh 317 kpy;.)
czT> Fbghdq;fs;kw;Wk; Gifapiy 3.8%(I.m.nlh 304 kpy;.)
Glitfs; kw;Wk; Milfs; 46.5% (I.m.nlh 3>737 kpy;.)
ngw;Nwhypacw;gj;jpfs; 4.1%(I.m.nlh 328 kpy;.)
,wg;gh; cw;gj;jpfs; 7.4%(I.m.nlh 591 kpy;.)
,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; nghwpapay; cgfuzq;fs; 3.4% (I.m.nlh 275 kpy;.)
,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;> ituq;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; 2.5%(I.m.nlh 200 kpy;.)
Vida ifj;njhopy;Vw;Wkjpfs; 11.2%(I.m.nlh 896 kpy;.)
fdpg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;Vida Vw;Wkjpfs; 0.4%(I.m.nlh 33 kpy;.)
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgdk; kw;Wk; Vida ngw;Nwhypa Vw;wkjpahsh;fs; Njrpa ,uj;jpdf;fy; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs; rig ,yq;ifr; Rq;fk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
%yq;fs;:
5
71
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
ve;jpur;rhjdq;fs;> Njhy;> gazg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
fhyzpfs;> czT> Fbghdk; kw;Wk; Gifapiy
vd;gdtw;wpypUe;jhd Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs; 2018,d;
njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 2019,d; Kjy;
vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tPo;r;rpaile;jd.
• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; nkhj;j
Vw;Wkjpfspy; Vwj;jho 21 rjtPjj;jpw;F tif$wpa
Ntshz;ik Vw;Wkjpfs; I.m.nlhyH 1>667 kpy;ypaDf;F
3.2 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jd. 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Njapiy Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd
tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH 915 kpy;ypaDf;F 5.7
rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F Mz;L) tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F
Vw;Wkjp msTfs; 5.1 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;j
NghJk; Fiwe;j tpiyfNs fhuzkhf mike;jd.
2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; Njapiyapd;
ruhrhp Vw;Wkjp tpiy 2018,d; ,Nj fhyg;gFjpapy;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l fp.fpwhnkhd;wpw;fhd I.m.nlhyH 5.20
cld; xg;gpLifapy; fp.fpwhnkhd;wpw;F I.m.nlhyH
4.66 ,w;F 10.3 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
thridj;jputpaq;fspypUe;jhd Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs;
I.m.nlhyH 203 kpy;ypaDf;F 9.8 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F fWth kw;Wk; kpsfpypUe;jhd
Fiwe;j tUtha;fNs Kf;fpa fhuzq;fshf
mike;jd. 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
,wg;gH kw;Wk; rpW Ntshz;ik cw;gj;jpfspypUe;jhd
Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fSk; tPo;r;rpaile;jd. mNjNtis
2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; njq;F
Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; 2018,d; njhlHghd
fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 232
kpy;ypaDf;F 10.9 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd. NkYk;>
,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; flYzT Vw;Wkjpfs; I.m.nlhyH
184 kpy;ypaDf;F 8.9 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F
Mz;L) caHtile;jJld; INuhg;gpar; re;ijfSf;fhd
Vw;Wkjpfs; 23.8 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd.
• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; fdpg;nghUs;
Vw;WkjpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; I.m.nlhyH 21
kpy;ypadhf tpsq;fp 4.0 rjtPjk; nfhz;l tPo;r;rpiag;
gjpTnra;jd. ,t;tifapd; fPo; ,Uk;Gj; jhJ> ,Uk;Gf;
fopT kw;Wk; rhk;gy; fl;b vd;gdtw;wpypUe;jhd Vw;Wkjp
tUtha;fs; mjpfhpj;j Ntisapy; fw;fs; kw;Wk;
tpiyAaHe;j fw;fspd; Vw;Wkjpfs; tPo;r;rpaile;jd.
• mj;jpahtrpakw;w ,wf;Fkjpfisj; jzpg;gjw;fhf
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l nfhs;if topKiwfisj;
njhlHe;J 2018,d; gpw;gFjpapy; ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdj;jpy;
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tPo;r;rpaile;J nry;Yk; Nghf;F
2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapYk; njhlHe;jJ.
,jd;gb> 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
,wf;Fkjpfs; kPjhd nrytpdk; 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l I.m.nlhyH
15>083 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 12>886
kpy;ypaDf;F 14.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
,wf;Fkjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l mj;jifa Fiwg;gpw;F
,ilepiyg;nghUl;fspd; ,wf;FkjpfspYk; mjidj;
njhlHe;J EfHTg;nghUl;fspYk; Vw;gl;l fLikahd
tPo;r;rpNa Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;jJ. mNjNtis>
ghprPyidf;Fhpa fhyg;gFjpapy; vhpnghUs; jtpHe;j
,wf;Fkjpfspd; nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 10>309
kpy;ypaDf;F 16.3 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
• nkhj;j ,wf;Fkjpfspy; Vwj;jho 57 rjtPjk; nfhz;l
ghhpa gq;fpw;F tif$Wk; ,ilepiyg;nghUl;fspd;
kPjhd nrytpdk; 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
I.m.nlhyH 7>380 kpy;ypaDf;F 11.7 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
(Mz;Lf;F Mz;L) tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. Glitfs; kw;Wk;
Glitg;nghUl;fs;> fdpg;nghUs; cw;gj;jpfs; jtpHe;j
midj;J tiffspYk; fhzg;gl;l Fiwe;j nrytpdk;
,f;Fiwg;gpw;Fg; gq;fspj;jpUf;fpwJ. 2019,d; Kjy;
vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; vhpnghUs; ,wf;Fkjpfs;
kPjhd nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 2>577 kpy;ypaDf;F 6.9
rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F krnfz;nzapd;
msT 17.2 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;j NghJk;
Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ngw;Nwhypak; kw;Wk; epyf;fhpapdJk;
Fiwe;j msTfNs Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. Ma;tpw;Fhpa
fhyg;gFjpapy; midj;J vhpnghUs; cw;gj;jpfspdJk;
tpiyfs; xg;gPl;L hPjpapy; FiwthfNt fhzg;gl;ld.
2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ,yq;if
ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpdhy; ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l
krnfz;nzapd; ruhrhp tpiy 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj
tiuglk; 5.3
,wf;Fkjpfspd; cs;slf;fk; (rd-Xfj; 2019)Figure 5.4Composition of Imports (Jan -Aug 2019)
czT kw;Wk;Fbghdq;fs; 7.1%(I.m.nlh. 917 kpy;.)
czty;yh Efh;Tg;nghUl;fs; 12.3% (I.m.nlh. 1>582 kpy;.)
vhpnghUs; 20.0% (I.m.nlh. 2>577 kpy;.)
Glitfs; kw;Wk; Glitg; nghUl;fs; 14.6% (I.m.nlh. 1>877 kpy;.)
Vida ,ilepiyg;nghUl;fs; 22.7%(I.m.nlh. 2>926 kpy;.)
KjyPl;Lg;nghUl;fs;23.3%
(I.m.nlh. 3>002 kpy;.)
Vida ,wf;Fkjpfs; 0.1%(I.m.nlh. 5 kpy;.)
,yq;if ngw;Nwhypa $l;Lj;jhgdk; kw;Wk; Vida ngw;Nwhypa Vw;wkjpahsh;fs; ,yq;ifr; Rq;fk; ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
%yq;fs;:
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,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
fhyg;gFjpapd; gPg;gha; xd;wpw;fhd I.m.nlhyH 76.49
,ypUe;J gPg;gha; xd;wpw;F I.m.nlhyH 69.13 ,w;F
tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;> ngWkjpkpf;f fw;fs; kw;Wk; cNyhf
,wf;Fkjpfs; vd;gd kPjhd nrytpdk; 2018,d;
njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH
118 kpy;ypaDf;F 77.2 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
,jw;F ,e;jpahtpw;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fkpilapyhd jPHit
NtWghLfspypUe;J Njhd;Wfpd;w rhj;jpakhd rl;lj;jpw;F
Kuzhd tzpfj;jpidj; jilnra;tjw;fhf 2018 Vg;gpwypy;
15 rjtPjk; nfhz;l Rq;fj; jPHit tpjpf;fg;gl;likapidj;
njhlHe;J jq;fj;jpd; ,wf;Fkjpfs; Fiwtile;jikNa
fhuzkhFk;. NkYk;> ,urhad cw;gj;jpfs;> gpshj;jpf;F
kw;Wk; gpshj;jpf;Fg; nghUl;fs;> tskhf;fp> mbg;gil
cNyhfq;fs;> NfhJik kw;Wk; Nrhsk;> jhs; kw;Wk;
jhs; ml;ilfs; kw;Wk; mjd; nghUl;fs; vd;gd kPjhd
,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; tPo;r;rpaile;jd.
mNjNtis> Glit kw;Wk; Glitg;nghUl;fspd; kPjhd
,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 1>877 kpy;ypaDf;F
1.0 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jikf;F E}ypio kw;Wk;
Jzpfspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng fhuzkhFk;. 2019,d;
Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; rpnke;J J}z;fspdhy;
ce;jg;gl;l fdpg;nghUs; cw;gj;jpfspd; ,wf;FkjpfSk;
5.7 rjtPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpj;jd.
• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; EfHTg;nghUl;fs;
kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F czT
kw;Wk; Fbghdq;fs;> czty;yh EfHTg;nghUl;fs;
,uz;bd; kPJkhd Fiwe;j nryTfNs fhuzkhFk;.
,jd;gb> 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
EfHTg;nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfs; 2018,d; njhlHghd
fhyg;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 3>441 kpy;ypadpypUe;J
I.m.nlhyH 2>499 kpy;ypaDf;F 27.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jd. EfHTg;nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfspy; 63
rjtPjj;jpw;F tif$Wk; czty;yh EfHTg;nghUl;fspd;
kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 1>582
kpy;ypaDf;F 31.0 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F Mz;L)
tPo;r;rpile;jJ. mj;jifa Fiwg;gpw;F I.m.nlhyH 496
kpy;ypaDf;F 54.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;j jdpahs;
CHjpfspd; Fiwe;j ,wf;Fkjpfs; Kf;fpa J}z;Ljyhf
tpsq;fp jdpahs; ce;J CHjpfspd; ,wf;Fkjp kPjhd
ghhpa nrytpdj;jpid Cf;fkpof;fr; nra;tjw;fhf
2018 Xfj;jpypUe;J entk;gH tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l nfhs;if topKiwfspd;
jhf;fj;ijg; gpujpgypg;gjhf mike;jJ. vdpDk;>
mj;jifa fl;Lg;ghLfs; 2019 khr;rpy; mfw;wg;gl;l
Ntisapy; njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;l jdpahs; ce;J CHjp
tiffspd; kPjhd fyhy; jPHit mjpfhpf;fg;gl;lJ. ce;J
CHjpfspd; ,wf;Fkjpf;fhd rYif hPjpahd chpikg;
gj;jpuq;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ njhlHgpyhd Fwpg;gpl;l
fl;Lg;ghLfs; mfw;wg;gl;likahdJ mz;ika khjq;fspy;
ce;J CHjpfspd; ,wf;Fkjpfs; mjpfhpg;gjw;Fg;
gq;fspj;jpUf;fpd;wd. Milfs; kw;Wk; Jizg;nghUl;fs;>
tPl;L cgNahfg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; jsghlg;nghUl;fs;>
tPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlHG+l;ly;
fUtpfs; vd;gd kPjhd ,wf;FkjpfSk; Ma;tpw;Fhpa
fhyg;gFjpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F tPo;r;rpaile;jd.
vdpDk;> kUe;J kw;Wk; kUe;jhf;fy; nghUl;fspd;
,wf;Fkjpfs; kPjhd nrytpdk; ,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; 0.4
rjtPjj;jpdhy; rpwpjstpy; mjpfhpj;jJ. 2019,d; Kjy;
vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; czT kw;Wk; Fbghdq;fs;
kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH 917
kpy;ypaDf;F 20.1 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F
(Mz;bw;F Mz;L) jhdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; miuf;Fk; Miy
cw;gj;jpfs; kPjhd nrytpdj;jpy; Vw;gl;l tPor;rpNa
Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. jhdpaq;fs; kw;Wk; miuf;Fk;
Miy cw;gj;jpfspd; ,wf;Fkjpfs; 80.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F 2018Æ19 ngUk;Nghf fhyj;jpy;
mghpkpjkhd mWtilapypUe;J fpilj;j Nkk;gl;l
cs;ehl;L epuk;giyg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w tpjj;jpy; mhprp
,wf;Fkjpfs; tPo;r;rpaile;jikNa fhuzkhFk;. rPdp>
fha;fwpfs;> gz;iz cw;gj;jpfs;> vz;nza; kw;Wk;
nfhOg;G Nghd;w czT kw;Wk; Fbghdq;fspd; fPohd
Vida tiffs; kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdKk;
tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
KjyPl;Lg;nghUl;fspd; kPjhd nrytpdk; I.m.nlhyH
3>002 kpy;ypaDf;F 6.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F Mz;L)
tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F midj;J Kf;fpa tiffspYk;
Vw;gl;l tPo;r;rpNa fhuzkhFk;. tHj;jf hPjpahd thlif
CHjpfs;> ruf;F tz;bfs;> NgUe;Jfs; mNjNghd;W
fg;gy;fs; kw;Wk; glFfs; Nghd;w tHj;jf hPjpahd
CHjpfspd; Fiwe;j ,wf;Fkjpfspy; gpujpgypf;fg;gl;lthW
Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; rhjdq;fs; kPjhd nrytpdk; 22.7
rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. mj;jifa Fiwg;gpd;
ngUk;gFjpf;F 2018,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gl;l ehd;F fg;gy;fspd; jsj;
jhf;fNk fhuzkhFk;. fl;lthf;fg; nghUl;fspd; kPjhd
,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdk; 0.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; rpwpjstpy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F ,Uk;G kw;Wk; cUf;F> rpnke;J
kw;Wk; ku cw;gj;jpfspd; Fiwe;j ,wf;FkjpfNs Kf;fpa
fhuzkhFk;. mNjNtis> nghwp kw;Wk; rhjdq;fspd;
,wf;Fkjp 5.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;J nghwpfs;
kw;Wk; fUtpfspd; cjphpg;ghfq;fs;> mr;rply; nghwpfs;>
mYtyf ve;jpuq;fs;> Glitf; ifj;njhopy; nghwpfs;>
,yj;jpudpay; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlHG+l;ly;
fUtpfs; vd;gdtw;wpd; jho;e;j ,wf;Fkjpfisg;
5
73
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
gpujpgypf;fpwJ. KjyPl;Lg; nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfspy;
fhzg;gl;l tPo;r;rp 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khjq;fspd;
$Ljyhd fhyg;gFjpapy; epytpa kpjkhd
eltbf;iffisg; gpujpgypg;gjhf ,Ue;jJ.
tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk;
• Vw;Wkjp tpiyfs; ,wf;Fkjp tpiyfspd; tPo;r;rpapYk;
ghHf;f tpiuthd Ntfj;jpy; tPo;r;rpaile;jikapd;
fhuzkhf 2018,d; njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpAld;
xg;gpLifapy; 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk; rpwpjstpdhy; Nja;tile;jJ.
2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; xl;Lnkhj;j
Vw;Wkjp tpiyr;Rl;nlz; 2018,d; njhlHghd
fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 5.0 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F Glitfs; kw;Wk; Milfs;>
,uj;jpdf;fw;fs;> ituq;fs; kw;Wk; Mguzq;fs;> nghwp
kw;Wk; ve;jpur; rhjdq;fs;> czT> Fbghdq;fs; kw;Wk;
Gifapiy kw;Wk; mbg;gil cNyhfq;fs;> ifj;njhopy;
Vw;Wkjpfspd; fPo; tifg;gLj;jg;gl;l nghUl;fs;
vd;gdtw;wpd; Fiwe;j tpiyfSk; mNjNghd;W
fha;fwpfs; jtpHe;j Ntshz;ik Vw;Wkjpfspd; fPohd
midj;Jj; Jiz tiffspdJk; Fiwe;j tpiyfSk;
Kf;fpa fhuzq;fshf mike;jd. xl;Lnkhj;j ,wf;Fkjp
tpiyr;Rl;nlz; ,Nj fhyg;gFjpapy; 4.9 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F ,wf;Fkjpfspd; midj;J
Kf;fpa tiffspdJk; tpiyf; Fiwg;Gf;fNs Kf;fpa
fhuzkhFk;. ,ilepiyg;nghUl;fspd; ,wf;Fkjpfspd;
fPo; vhpnghUs;> Glitfs; kw;Wk; Glitg;nghUl;fs;>
ituq;fs;> ngWkjpkpf;f fw;fs; kw;Wk; cNyhfq;fs;>
gpshj;jpf;F kw;Wk; mjd; nghUl;fs;> ,wg;gH kw;Wk;
mjd; nghUl;fs;> Ntshz;ik cs;sPLfs; vd;gdtw;wpd;
jho;e;j tpiyfs; ,wf;Fkjp tpiyr;Rl;nlz;
tPo;r;rpailtjw;F Kf;fpakhfg; gq;fspj;jd.
KjyPl;Lg;nghUl;fSld; njhlHghd tpiyr;Rl;nlz;
tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F nghwpfs; kw;Wk; rhjdq;fs;>
fl;llthf;fg;nghUl;fspd; jho;e;j tpiyfs; fhuzkhf
,Ue;j Ntisapy; fha;fwpfs;> rPdp kw;Wk; ,dpg;G
tiffs;> ghw;gz;iz cw;gj;jpfs;> tPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs;
kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlHG+l;ly; fUtpfs; vd;gdtw;wpd;
jho;e;j tpiyfspd; fhuzkhf EfHTg;nghUl;fspd;
tpiyfs; tPo;r;rpaile;jd. ,jw;fika> 2019,d; Kjy;
vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk; 2018,d;
njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpapd; 104.3 Rl;nlz; Gs;spfspypUe;J
104.2 Rl;nlz; Gs;spfSf;F 0.1 rjtPjj;jpdhy; (Mz;bw;F
Mz;L) Nja;tile;jJ. mNjNtis> vz;nza; njhlHghd
cw;gj;jpfs; ePq;fyhf tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk; Mz;bd;
Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; 0.5 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
(Mz;bw;F Mz;L) tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
gzpfspyhd tHj;jfk; 1
• Kjw;fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; Nkk;gl;l nrayhw;wk; fhzg;gl;l
NghJk;> capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjiy cldLj;J ,uz;lhk;
fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; gzpfs; fzf;F gpd;diltpdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. 2019,d; Nk kw;Wk; A+d; khjq;fspy;
Rw;WyhtpypUe;jhd tUtha;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ff;
Fiwg;nghd;W fhzg;gl;lJ. Rw;Wyh tUiffspy;
Vw;gl;l Fiwg;Gk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiwapd; gazpfs;
gzpfspypUe;jhd tUtha;fspd; kPJk; jhf;fj;jpid
Vw;gLj;jpaJ. NkYk;> ,wf;Fkjpfspy; Vw;gl;l RUf;fk;
2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ruf;Fg; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; kPJk;
jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;lJ. vdpDk;>
fzdpfs; gzpfs; Jiw njhlHe;Jk; mjd; cj;Ntfk;
kpf;f tsHr;rpiag; gjpTnra;J fle;j Mz;bd; ,Nj
fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;
10.7 rjtPjk; nfhz;l mjpfhpg;gpidg; gjpTnra;jJ.
tpisthf> fhuzkhf 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;
gzpfs; Jiwapd; kpif 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;
fhzg;gl;l I.m.nlhyH 1.9 gpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy;
I.m.nlhyH 1.6 gpy;ypaDf;Fr; RUf;fkile;jJ.
Rw;Wyhj; Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpfs;
• njhlHghd mjpfhhpfspdhy; vLf;fg;gl;l nghUj;jkhd
eltbf;iffspypUe;J fpilj;j gad;fspd; fhuzkhf
1 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapid cs;slf;fpa
tzpfg;nghUs; tHj;jfj; juT ePq;fyhf nrd;kjp epYitapYs;s
ngUk;ghyhd kw;iwa juTfs; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpf;F
khj;jpuNk fpilf;fj;jf;fjhfTs;sJ.
tiuglk; 5.4
tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk; kw;Wk; tHj;jfr; Rl;nlz;fs;
Vw;Wkjp myF
ngWkjpr; Rl;nlz;
,wf;Fkjp myF
ngWkjpr; Rl;nlz tHj;jf khw;W tpfpjk;
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 rd-Xfj;
Rl;nlz; Gs;spfs; (2010=100)
Figure 5.5 Terms of Trade and Trade Indices
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
5
74
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjy;fisj; njhlHe;J ,yq;if
Rw;Wyhf; ifj;njhopy; vjpHghHf;fg;gl;ljpYk; ghHf;f
tpiuthd Ntfj;jpy; kPl;rpaile;J tUfpwJ. 2019,d;
Kjy; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; Kd;ndhUNghJkpy;yhj kpf
caHe;j fhyhz;L Rw;Wyh tUiffisg; gjpTnra;jjd;
%yk; 4.6 rjtPj tsHr;rpiag; gjpTnra;j Rw;Wyhf;
ifj;njhopy; capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjypdhy; kpf
Nkhrkhfg; ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb> 2019,d; Kjy;
xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ifj;njhopypd; nrayhw;wk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F Nkhrkile;J 1>376>312 Rw;Wyhg;
gazpfSf;F 20.5 rjtPjk; nfhz;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthd
tPo;r;rpiag; gjpTnra;jJ. Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd;
tPo;r;rpAld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy; Rw;WyhtpypUe;jhd
tUtha;fs; 2019,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy;
I.m.nlhyH 2>583 kpy;ypad; vd kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ.
nfhs;if kl;lj;jpy; nghUj;jkhd tpjj;jpYk; chpa
Neuj;jpYk; vLf;fg;gl;l kPl;G topKiwfs;> ghJfhg;G
epiyikfspy; Vw;gl;l Kd;Ndw;wk;> Rw;Wyhj; Jiwapy;
fhzg;gl;l tpahghuq;fSf;fhd epjpapay; cjtp kw;Wk;
Rw;Wyh Cf;Ftpg;G vd;gd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;ljpYk;
ghHf;f tpiuthd Ntfj;jpy; Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd;
tUiffs; kPnsOr;rpaila cjtpd. 2019,d; Nk
kw;Wk; A+d; khjq;fspy; Kf;fpa Rw;Wyh ehLfspdhy;
,yq;if kPJ tpjpf;fg;gl;l gaz MNyhridfs;
nkd;ikg;gLj;jg;gl;lik gpd;dilTfspypUe;J
kPl;gjw;fhf ,yq;if mjpfhhpfspdhy; vLf;fg;gl;l
Kd;Kaw;rpfSf;F cjtpahf mike;jJ. nrj;njk;ghpy;
Nkhrkhd jd;iknahd;W gjpTnra;ag;gl;l NghjpYk;
Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUiffspy; fhzg;gl;l khjhe;j
tPo;r;rp mz;ika khjq;fspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy;
Nkk;gl;lJ. 2019,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy;>
gpuhe;jpaq;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; nkhj;j tUiffspy;
Vwj;jho 18 rjtPjj;jpw;F tif$Wk; Nkw;F
INuhg;ghtpypUe;jhd Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUifs;
17.5 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Mz;bw;F Mz;L tPo;r;rpaile;j
Ntisapy; njd;dhrpah ehLfspypUe;jhd tUiffs;
20.4 rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jd. ehLfspd;
mbg;gilapyhd gFg;gha;Tfspd; epajpfspy; 2019,d;
Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ,e;jpahtpypUe;jhd
Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUiffs; 2018,d; njhlHghd
fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 241>666 tUiffSf;F 19.9
rjtPjj;jpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;j Ntisapy; rPdhtpypUe;jhd
tUiffs; 123>220 tUiffSf;F 41.3 rjtPjj;jpdhy;
kpff; $Ljyhf tPo;r;rpaile;jd.
• Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUiffspy; gpd;dilTfs;
fhzg;gl;l NghJk; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Rw;Wyhf;
ifj;njhopy; njhlHe;Jk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f KjyPLfisf;
ftHe;jJ. 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ,yq;if Rw;Wyh
mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurigapy; mike;Js;s KjyPl;lhsH
njhlHGfs; myF (xNu $iuapd; fPohd myF vd
Kd;dH mwpag;gl;lJ). I.m.nlhyH 26 kpy;ypad; ngWkjp
nfhz;l 32 tpLjpr; nraw;wpl;lq;fSf;F xg;Gjiy
toq;fpaJ. ,jd;gb> 2010,y; KjyPl;lhsH njhlHGfs;
myF Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J 2019 A+d; ,Wjpastpy;
19>218 miw ,aystpidf; nfhz;l nkhj;j KjyPlhd
I.m.nlhyH 2>981 kpy;ypaDld; 382 Rw;WyhtpLjpr;
nraw;wpl;lq;fSf;F xg;Gjiy toq;fpaJ. ,jpy; 6>797
miwfSld; $ba 107 nraw;wpl;lq;fs; fl;Lkhdj;jpd;
fPo; ,Ue;j Ntisapy; 10>211 miwfSld; $ba 207
nraw;wpl;lq;fs; 2019 A+d; ,Wjpastpy; njhopw;glj;
njhlq;fpd. 2019,d; Kjw;fhyhz;Lg; gFjpapy; 66
Rw;WyhtpLjpfSf;fhf I.m.nlhyH 107 kpy;ypad;
ngWkjp nfhz;l Gjpa Kd;nkhopTfs; ngwg;gl;lJld;
tiuglk; 5.6
ehLfspd;gb Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUif (rd-nrj; 2019)
,e;jpah 18%
If;fpa ,uhr;rpak; 11%
rPdh 9%
N[Hkdp 7%
gpuhd;R5%
mT];jpNuypah5%
If;fpamnkhpf;fh
4%
Urpah 4%
khiyj;jPTfs; 3%
fdlh 3%
nejHyhe;J 2%
,j;jhyp2%
ag;ghd; 2%
Rtpw;rpyhe;J 2%
cf;nua;d; 2%
Vidait 21%
%yk;: ,yq;ifr; Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig
tiuglk; 5.5
Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; tUiffs; kw;Wk; Rw;WyhtpypUe;jhd tUtha;fs;
Figure 5.5Toursit Arrivals and Earnings from Tourism
tUiffs; - 2018 tUiffs; - 2019
tUtha;fs; - 2018 (tyJ mr;R) tUtha;fs; - 2019 (tyJ mr;R)
0
100
200
300
400
500
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
rd ngg; khr; Vg; Nk A+d; A+iy Xfj; nrj; xj; ent jpnr
Rw;W
yht
pypUe;j
hd t
Utha;fs; (I.m.nlh. k
py;.)
Rw;W
yhg; gazpfspd; t
Uiffs; '0
00
,yq;ifr; Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp mjpfhurig
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
%yq;fs;:
5
75
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
,r;nraw;wpl;lq;fs; epiwtilAk; nghOJ ,j;njhopy;
Jiwf;F 1>407 miwfs; NrHf;fg;gLk;. capHj;j QhapW
jhf;Fjypd; gpd;dH I.m.nlhyH 19 kpy;ypad; ngWkjp
nfhz;l 25 Gjpa Kd;nkhopTfs; fpilf;fg;ngw;wpUg;gjhdJ
,yq;ifapy; Rw;Wyhf; ifj;njhopypd; cs;shHe;j tsj;jpd;
kPJ KjyPl;lhsHfs; nfhz;bUf;Fk; njhlHr;rpahd
MHtj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf ,Ug;gjidf; ftdpj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
• capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjypd; gpd;dH Rw;Wyhf;
ifj;njhopiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F mNef topKiwfs;
vLf;fg;gl;l Ntisapy; Rw;Wyh cghaj; jpl;lk; 2017
- 2020 ,d; fPo; nfhs;if Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; njhlHe;Jk;
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fj;jypd;
Nkhrkhd jhf;fj;ijj; jzpf;Fk; nghUl;L Rw;Wyh
Cf;Ftpg;G> epjp kw;Wk; ,iw MjuTfspd; kPJ
tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. ,jd;gb> Rw;Wyhj;
njhopy;JiwapYs;s gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tpahghuq;fspdhy;
vLf;fg;gl;l fld;fs; njhlHgpy; %yjdk; kw;Wk;
tl;bf; nfhLg;gdTfs; ,uz;bd; kPJk; 2020 khr;R 31
nry;Ygbahff;$ba tpjj;jpy; 2019 Nkapy; gLfld;
rl;l ,irTj; jhkjk; cl;gl> nghUshjhu epthuzg;
nghjpnahd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> gLfld;
rl;l ,irTj; jhkjj;jpw;Fg; Gwk;ghf Rw;Wyhf;
ifj;njhopypd; Kiwrhuh MHtyHfis Kf;fpa
ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L 2019 Nkapy; epjp mikr;rpdhy;
jdpahd epthuzg; nghjpnahd;W mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
NkYk;> gjpTnra;ag;gl;l Rw;WyhtpLjpfs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wg;
gazj; njhopw;ghl;lhsHfs; kPjhd ngWkjpNrH thp 2019
A+d; 1Mk; ehspypUe;J 2020 khr;R 31Mk; ehs; tiuahd
fhyg;gFjpf;F 15 rjtPjj;jpypUe;J 7 rjtPjj;jpw;Ff;
Fiwf;fg;gl;l Ntisapy; cNyhfq;fisf; fz;lwpAk;
fUtpfs; Nghd;w ghJfhg;Gld; njhlHghd rhjdq;fspd;
kPjhd ,wf;Fkjpj; jPHit mfw;wg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis>
,yq;if Rw;Wyh Cf;Ftpg;Gg; gzpafk;> milahsk;
fhzg;gl;l re;ijfspy; Cf;Ftpg;G eltbf;ifis
NkYk; Nkw;nfhz;lJ. FWq;fhy cyfshtpa
gpur;rhuq;fs;> ,e;jpa re;ijia ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l
tpNrl nghjpfs; Nghd;w gy Cf;Ftpg;G eltbf;iffs;
gaq;futhjj; jhf;Fjy;fspd; gpd;duhd fhyg;gFjpapy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. 2019,y; cyfpy; tp[ak; nra;a
Ntz;ba KjyhtJ ehlhf ,yq;if Nyhd;yp
gpsndw;wpdhy; kPs cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lik kw;Wk; 2019,y;
cyfpd; tp[ak; nra;aj;jf;f KjyhtJ ehlhf uty; + ny~H rQ;rpifapdhy; ,yq;if mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ
Rw;Wyhj; njhopy;Jiw kPl;rpailtjid tpiuTgLj;j
cjTk;.
Kjyhe;ju tUkhdk;
• Kjyhe;ju tUkhdf; fzf;fpd; gw;whf;Fiw ntspehl;L
Neub KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpfspdhy; gq;fpyhgq;fSk;
kPs;KjyPl;L tUtha;fSk; caHe;jstpw;Fj; jha;ehl;bw;Fj;
jpUg;gpaDg;gg;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf tphptile;jJ. 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Kjyhe;ju tUkhdf; fzf;fpd;
gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 992
kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 1>097 kpy;ypadhf
tpsq;fpaJ. Neub KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rp caHe;jsT
gq;fpyhgq;fis jha;ehl;bw;Fj; jpUg;gpaDg;gpaJld;
2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; caHe;j
njhifapid kPs;KjyPLk; nra;jpUf;fpd;wd. 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ntspehl;Lf; fld;fs; kPjhd
tl;bf; nfhLg;gdTfs; 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpAld;
xg;gpLifapy; caHthf ,Ue;jd. vdpDk;>
,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; gLfld; gpizaq;fs; kPjhd tl;bf;
nfhLg;gdTfs; rpwpjsT Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;likf;F
2018,y; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapdhy; itj;jpUf;fg;gl;l
I.m.nlhyH 1 gpy;ypaDf;F Nkw;gl;l gd;dhl;L Kwpapd;
kPs;nfhLg;gdTk; fhuzq;fshf mike;jd. 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Fr;
nrhj;Jf;fspd; kPjhd tUkhdKk; 2018Mk; Mz;bd;
njhlHghd fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; rpwpjsT
Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis> ntspehl;L
KjyPLfspd; kPjhd Njwpa tUkhdg; ngWiffs; 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; rpwpjsthfj; njhlHe;JkpUe;jd.
,uz;lhe;ju tUkhdk;
• 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ,uz;lhe;j tUkhdf; fzf;fpy;
fhzg;gl;l kpif kpjkile;jJ. 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;
njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fs; 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd;
I.m.nlhyH 3>624 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH
3>270 kpy;ypaDf;F 9.8 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Fiwtile;jJ.
2019,d; Kjw;fhyhz;by; njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fspy;
nkJthd Nghf;nfhd;W mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l NghJk;
2019,d; Vg;gpwy; kw;Wk; A+d; khjq;fspy; gbg;gbahd
kPl;rpnahd;W mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. gd;dhl;L ngw;Nwhypa
tpiyfspy; jsk;gy; fhzg;gLfpd;wikf;fpilapYk;
kj;jpa fpof;Fg; nghUshjhuq;fspd; nghUshjhu
tsHr;rp tha;g;Gf;fspdhy; njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fs;
ghjpf;fg;glf;$Lk; Nghy; njhpfpwJ. 2019,d; Kjy;
xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy; njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fs;
2018,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH
5>277 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 4>930
kpy;ypaDf;F 6.6 rjtPjj;jpdhy; Fiwtile;jJ.
5
76
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
eilKiwf; fzf;F kPjp
• Kjw;fhyhz;Lg; gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l kpif
,uz;lhk; fhyhz;Lg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gl;l ghhpa
gw;whf;Fiwapd; %yk; vjphPL nra;ag;gl;likapdhy;
2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; eilKiwf; fzf;F
rpwpjsT gw;whf;Fiwnahd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jJ. ,jd;gb>
2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; eilKiwf; fzf;Fg;
gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l
I.m.nlhyH 1>609 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l gw;whf;FiwAld;
xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 225 kpy;ypad; gw;whf;Fiwiag;
gjpTnra;jJ. ,wf;Fkjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;ff;
Fiwg;G Vw;Wkjpfspy; fhzg;gl;l cWjpahd tsHr;rp
vd;gdtw;wpd; fhuzkhf tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw
RUf;fkile;J eilKiwf; fzf;fpd; gw;whf;Fiwiaf;
Fiwg;gjw;F Kf;fpakhfg; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Js;sJ.
2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw 2018,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 5>709 kpy;ypaDld;
xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 3>597 kpy;ypaDf;F I.m.nlhyH
2>112 kpy;ypadhy; tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
%yjdf; fzf;F kPjp
• 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; %yjdf; fzf;fpw;fhd
cl;gha;r;ry;fs; kpjkhfj; njhlHe;JkpUe;jJ. Njwpa
mbg;gilapy; Mz;bd; Kjyiug; gFjpapy; %yjdf;
fzf;fpw;fhd cl;gha;r;ry;fs; 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd;
I.m.nlhyH 10 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH
8 kpy;ypaDf;Fr; rpwpjsthy; tPo;r;rpaile;J %yjdf;
nfhilfspd; ngWiffspy; kpjkhd jd;iknahd;iwg;
gpujpgypj;jJ.
epjpapay; fzf;F
• Njwpa nghWg;Gf;fSf;Fs;shFk; jd;ik 2018,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 2>723 kpy;ypaDld;
xg;gpLifapy; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH
2>315 kpy;ypadhf tpsq;fpaJ. epjpapay; fzf;fpd;
nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l khw;wq;fs; 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; murhq;fj;jpd; ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L
Kwpfspd; toq;fy; kw;Wk; kPs;nfhLg;gdTfspdhy;
ngUkstpw;F tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ. 2019 khr;R kw;Wk; A+d;
khjq;fspy; murhq;fk; I.m.nlhyH 4.4 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l
ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfis ntw;wpfukhf toq;fpa
Ntisapy; KjpHr;rpaile;j ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L
Kwpfspd; I.m.nlhyH 1.5 gpy;ypaid kPsr;nrYj;jpaJ.
vdpDk;> 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; epjpapay;
fzf;fpw;fhd ngUk;ghyhd Vida cl;gha;r;ry;fs;
kpjkhditahfj; njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gl;ld. ntspehl;Lf;
fld;fs; cl;gl Njwpa Neub KjyPLfs; 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 501 kpy;ypadhf tpsq;fpd.
,J> 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd; mk;ghe;Njhl;ilj;
JiwKfj;jpd; ePz;l fhyf; Fj;jiffspypUe;jhd
ngWiffisAk; cs;slf;fpa I.m.nlhyH 1.4 gpy;ypad;
nfhz;l ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;Lg; ngWiffistplf;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;Ff; Fiwthff; fhzg;gl;lJ.
2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Njwpa ntspehl;L
Neub KjyPLfspd; cl;gha;r;ry;fs; nrhj;Jf;fspd;
mgptpUj;jp> njhiyj;njhlHG+l;ly;fs;> Rw;WyhtpLjpfs;>
JiwKfq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;fyd; Kidf;Nfhb Nghd;w
Jiwfspy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. gq;Fhpik
%yjd tbtj;jpyhd nrhj;Jg;gl;bay; KjyPLfs;
2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 150 kpy;ypad;
nfhz;l Njwpa cl;gha;r;ry;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;
2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 9 kpy;ypad;
nfhz;l Njwpa cl;gha;r;riyg; gjpTnra;jJ. 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; jpiwNrhp cz;bay;fs; kw;Wk;
jpiwNrhp Kwpfspy; ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; 2018,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 176 kpy;ypaDld;
xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 96 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l
Njwpa ntspg;gha;r;rnyhd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jd.
2019,d; Kjw;fhyhz;by; mur gpizaq;fs; Njwpa
cl;gha;r;rnyhd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jnjdpDk; capHj;j
QhapWj; jhf;Fjypid cldLj;J Fwpg;ghf> 2019 Vg;gpwy;
kw;Wk; Nkapy; xusT jsk;gy;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;likapd;
fhuzkhf Kjiug;gFjpapy; mur gpizaq;fs; kPjhd
ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; Njwpa ntspg;gha;r;rnyhd;wpidg;
gjpTnra;jd. mNjNtis> 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy;
tiuglk; 5.7
nrd;kjp epYitfs; Figure 5.8 Balance of Payments
th;j;jf epYit eilKiw fzf;F epYit jpuz;l epYit
2016 2017 2018 2019 Kjyiu
2019 ,uz;lhkiu
vwpT
I.m.nlh. gpy;ypad;
-10
-12
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
5
77
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
ntspehl;Lf; fld; nghWg;Gf;fs; I.m.nlhyH 645
kpy;ypadpdhy; tPo;r;rpaile;J murhq;fk;> itg;Gf;fis
Vw;Fk; $l;Lj;jhgdq;fs;> jdpahH Jiw kw;Wk;
murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpahghuj; njhopy;Kaw;rpfs;
vd;gdtw;wpd; Njwpa kPs;nfhLg;gdtpidg; gpujpgypj;jd.
vdpDk;> gd;dhl;L ehza epjpaj;jpd; tphpthf;fg;gl;l
trjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 164 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l MwhtJ
njhFjp ngwg;gl;likapd; fhuzkhf kj;jpa tq;fpapd;
nghWg;Gf;fs; mjpfhpj;jd. jdpahH Jiw tHj;jfg;
gw;whf;Fiw tPo;r;rpaile;jikf;F ,yq;if ngw;Nwhypaf;
$l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; ntspepd;w tHj;jff; nfhLfldpy;
Vw;gl;l Fiwg;Ng Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;j
Ntisapy; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT
xd;wpaj;Jldhd kj;jpa tq;fpapd; nghWg;Gf;fs;
Fiwtile;jd.
• 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; epjpapay; nrhj;Jf;fspd;
Njwpa ifNaw;G> 2018,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapd; I.m.nlhyH
1>034 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy; I.m.nlhyH 1>730
kpy;ypadhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. epjpapay; nrhj;Jf;fspy; Vw;gl;l
,t;tjpfhpg;gpw;F Mz;bd; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH
1.8 gpy;ypadhy; nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffspy; Vw;gl;l
mjpfhpg;Gf; fhuzkhf ,Ue;jJld; ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L
Kwpfspd; toq;fypdJk; kPs;nfhLg;gdTfspdJk; Njwpa
jhf;fk; Kf;fpa fhuzkhff; fhzg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis>
cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapypUe;jhd
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpapd; Njwpa
nfhs;tdTfSk; 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; nkhj;j
mYty;rhH xJf;Ffis mjpfhpg;gjw;F cjtpd.
nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffspy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;G
I.m.nlhyH 2.2 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehzak; kw;Wk;
itg;Gf;fspd; mjpfhpg;gpy; gpujpgypf;fg;gl;l Ntisapy;>
epiyahd tUkhdg; gpizaq;fs; I.m.nlhyH 363
kpy;ypadhy; Fiwtile;jd. tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd;
ehzak; kw;Wk; itg;Gr; nrhj;Jf;fSk; 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 41 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l
mjpfhpg;gpidg; gjpTnra;jd. mNjNtis> itg;Gf;fis
Vw;fpd;w $l;Lj;jhgdq;fspdhYk; jdpahH JiwapdhYk;
tjptw;NwhUf;F toq;fg;gl;l tHj;jff; nfhLfld;fSk;
Kw;gzq;fSk; $l Mz;bd; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tPo;r;rpiag;
gjpTnra;jd. NkYk;> Mz;bd; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Neub
KjyPl;L ntspg;gha;r;ry;fspy; kpjkhd kl;lnkhd;Wk;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;lJ.
gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyik
• tjptw;NwhUldhd ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lr;
nrhj;J epiyik gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyik
gpujpgypf;fg;gl;lthW 2018,d; ,WjpapypUe;J 2019 A+d;
,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 1.9 gpy;ypadhy; mjpfhpj;jJ.
ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fspd; ,Ug;G epiyik 2018
,Wjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 6.9 gpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLifapy;
2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 8.9 gpy;ypadhf
tpsq;fpa nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffspy; Vw;gl;l
mjpfhpg;gpd; tpisthf Kf;fpakhf mjpfhpj;jJ. xJf;Fr;
nrhj;Jf;fspd; epiyik mjpfhpj;jikf;F ehl;bw;fhd
gd;dhl;L Kwpfspd; ngWiffs; fpilf;fg;ngw;wik>
cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapy;
kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpapd; Njwpa nfhs;tdTfs;> gd;dhl;L ehza
epjpak; - tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa trjpapd; MwhtJ
njhFjp fpilf;fg;ngw;wik vd;gd fhuzq;fshf
mike;jd. mNjNtis> tjpTs;s ,yq;ifaHfspdhy;
ntspehLfspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l Neub KjyPLfisg;
gpujpgypf;fpd;w Neub KjyPl;Lr; nrhj;J epiyik 2018
,WjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; 2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; rpwpjsT
mjpfhpj;jJ. ehzak; kw;Wk; itg;Gr; nrhj;J epiyikAk;
itg;Gf;fis Vw;fpd;w $l;Lj;jhgdq;fspdhy; ngwj;jf;f
Vida fzf;Ffspd; ntspepd;w epiyikAk; 2019
A+d; ,Wjpapy; rpwpjsthy; mjpfhpj;jd. mNjNtis>
itg;Gf;fis Vw;Fk; $l;Lj;jhgdq;fspdhYk; jdpahH
JiwapdhYk; toq;fg;gl;l tHj;jff; nfhLfld;fisAk;
Kw;gzq;fisAk; gpujpgypf;fpd;w tHj;jff; nfhLfld;
kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fspd; ntspepd;w nrhj;J epiyik
,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; rpwpjsT tPo;r;rpaile;jJ.
• 2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyikapdhy;
gpujpgypf;fg;gl;lthW tjptw;NwhUf;fhd ,yq;ifapd;
nkhj;jg; nghWg;G epiyikfs; Vwj;jho I.m.nlhyH 1.5
gpy;ypadhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; mjpfhpj;jJ. nkhj;jg;
nghWg;G epiyik 2018 jpnrk;gH ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH
62.5 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 64.0
gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jJ. ,f;Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mjpfhpg;gpw;F
murhq;fj;jpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L
Kwpfspd; ntspepd;w nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l Njwpa
mjpfhpg;Ng Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. 2019,y; murhq;fk;
I.m.nlhyH 4.4 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L
Kwpfis toq;fpa Ntisapy; Kd;dH toq;fg;gl;l
I.m.nlhyH 1.5 gpy;ypad; njhif nfhz;l ehl;bw;fhd
gd;dhl;L Kwpfis kPs;nfhLg;gdT nra;jJ. NkYk;> Neub
KjyPl;Lg; nghWg;Gf;fs; Neub KjyPl;Lg; gha;r;ry;fspy;
Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Gld; NrHe;J rpwpjsT mjpfhpg;Gf;fisg;
gjpTnra;j Ntisapy; nfhOk;Gg; gq;Fg; ghptHj;jidapy;
gl;bayplg;gl;l Neub KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;F
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ngWkjp ,og;Gf;fs; Vw;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tHj;jf tq;fpfs; kw;Wk;
jdpahH Jiwapd; ntspepd;w nrhj;Jg;gl;bay; KjyPl;Lg;
5
78
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
nghWg;G epiyik gd;dhl;L Kwpfspy; Gjpa toq;fy;fNsh
my;yJ KjpHr;rpfNsh fhzg;glhikapd; fhuzkhf
mNjkl;lj;jpy; njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gl;lJ. mNjNtis>
nkhj;j ntspehl;Lf; fld; nghWg;Gf;fs; 2018 ,Wjpapd;
I.m.nlhyH 30.4 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy;
I.m.nlhyH 29.9 gpy;ypaDf;F tPo;r;rpnahd;iwg;
gjpTnra;jJ. ,jw;F tHj;jf tq;fpfspd; ntspepd;w
fld; nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tPo;r;rp
Kf;fpa fhuzkhf ,Ue;j Ntisapy; murhq;fj;jpdJk;
jdpahH JiwapdJk; ntspepd;w fld; nghWg;Gf;fSk;
Fiwtile;jd. mNjNtis> jdpahH JiwapdJk;
murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpahghuj; njhopy;Kaw;rpfspdJk;
ntspepd;w tHj;jff; nfhLfld; nghWg;Gf;fs;> ,yq;if
ngw;Nwhypaf; $l;Lj;jhgdj;jpd; ntspepd;w tHj;jff;
nfhLfldpy; Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Gld; NrHe;J rpwpjsthy;
mjpfhpj;jd. NkYk;> Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpaj;Jldhd
ntspepd;w nghWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gl;l Fiwg;gpd; fhuzkhf
kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; ntspepd;w nrYj;jg;glj;jf;fitapy;
Fiwg;nghd;W fhzg;gl;lJ.
• tjptw;Nwhhpdhy; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; ,yq;ifapd;
nkhj;jr; nrhj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fspd;
epiyikfSf;fpilapyhd NtWghlhff; fUjg;gLk;
,yq;ifapd; Njwpa gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyik
2019 A+d; ,Wjpapy; Njwpa nghWg;G epiyikapy;
mjpfhpg;nghd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jJ. 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; xJf;Fr; nrhj;Jf;fspy;
mjpfhpg;nghd;W fhzg;gl;l NghJk; ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L
Kwpfspd; tbtpyike;j caHe;j mur fld;ghLfs;
Neub KjyPl;L nghWg;G epiyikapy; Vw;gl;l caHTld;
NrHe;J xl;Lnkhj;jj; Njwpa gd;dhl;L KjyPl;L epiyik
2018 jpnrk;gH ,Wjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 50.4 gpy;ypad;
nfhz;l Njwpa nghWg;G epiyikapypUe;J 2019 A+d;
,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 50.0 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l Njwpa
nghWg;G epiyikf;F rpwpjsT Fiwe;Js;sd.
ntspepd;w gLfld; epiyik
• 2019,d; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; ,yq;ifapd; ntspepd;w
gLfld; mjpfhpj;jJ. ntspehl;Lg; gLfld; ,Ug;G 2018
,Wjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 52.3 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2019 A+d;
,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 55.5 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jikf;F
murhq;fj;jpd; ntspehl;Lg; gLfldpd; gpizaq;fspy;
Vw;gl;l mjpfhpg;Ng Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. murhq;fj;jpd;
ntspepd;w nraw;wpl;lf; fld;fspd; Fiwg;G kw;Wk;
I.m.nlhyH 1.5 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ,uz;L ehl;bw;fhd
gd;dhl;L Kwpfspd; KjpHr;rp vd;gdtw;wpw;fpilapYk;
murhq;fj;jpd; ntspepd;w ntspehl;Lg; gLfld; I.m.nlhyH
3.5 gpy;ypadhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F mjpfhpj;jikf;F
2019 khr;rpy; I.m.nlhyH 2.4 gpy;ypad; kw;Wk; 2019
A+dpy; I.m.nlhyH 2.0 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ,uz;L Gjpa
ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfs; toq;fg;gl;likNa Kf;fpa
fhuzkhFk;. gd;dhl;L ehza epjpak; - tphpthf;fg;gl;l
epjpa trjpapd; MwhtJ njhFjp fpilf;fg;ngw;wJld;
kj;jpa tq;fpapd; ntspepd;w ntspehl;Lg; gLfld;
mjpfhpj;j Ntisapy; Mrpaj; jPHg;gdT xd;wpa
epYitAldhd ntspepd;w nghWg;Gf;fs; 2018
,WjpAld; xg;gpLifapy; Fiwtile;jd. ,t;thz;bd;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; tq;fpj;njhopy; Jiwapd; ntspepd;w
ntspehl;Lg; gLfld;> ehzak; kw;Wk; itg;Gf;fs;
kw;Wk; ntspepd;w ntspehl;Lg; gLfld;fs; vd;gdtw;wpy;
Vw;gl;l Fiwg;Gld; ,ire;J nry;Yk; tpjj;jpy;
tPo;r;rpaile;jJ. mNjNtis> jdpahH Jiw kw;Wk;
murpw;Fr; nrhe;jkhd tpahghu njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd;
ntspepd;w ntspehl;Lg; gLfld;> ,yq;if
,wf;FkjpahsHfspdhy; ngwg;gl;l tHj;jff; nfhLfld;
kw;Wk; Kw;gzq;fspYk; jdpahH Jiwapd; ntspehl;Lf;
fld;fspYk; fhzg;gl;l mjpfhpg;gpd; fhuzkhf 2019,d;
Kjyiug;gFjpapy; rpwpjsT mjpfhpj;jJ. NkYk;> Neub
KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; fk;gdpfSf;fpilapyhd
fld;fisAk; gq;FlikahsHfspd; Kw;gzq;fisAk;
ngw;wjd; fhuzkhf Mz;bd; Kjyiug;gFjpapy; Neub
KjyPl;L njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd; fk;gdpfSf;fpilapyhd
fld;ghLfs; mjpfhpg;nghd;wpidg; gjpTnra;jd.
xJf;Fr; nrhj;J epiyik
• epjpapay; fzf;fpw;fhd caHe;jsT cl;gha;r;ry;fs; 2019
nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;Ffspy;
mjpfhpg;nghd;wpidj; Njhw;Wtpj;jd. nkhj;j mYty;rhH
xJf;Ffs; 2018 ,Wjpapd; I.m.nlhyH 6.9 gpy;ypadpypUe;J
2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; I.m.nlhyH 7.6 gpy;ypaDf;F
mjpfhpj;jd. ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L Kwpfspd; ngWiffs;
fpilf;fg;ngw;wik> cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr;
re;ijapypUe;J kj;jpa tq;fpapdhy; ntspehl;L ehzak;
nfhs;tdT nra;ag;gl;lik kw;Wk; 2019 Kjyiug;gFjpapy;
gd;dhl;L ehza epjpak; - tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa
trjpapd; MwhtJ njhFjp fpilf;fg;ngw;wik vd;gd
2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;F
epiyik caHtiltjw;F ngUkstpw;Fg; gq;fspj;jJ.
2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjpapy; ehl;bd; nkhj;j mYty;rhH
xJf;Ffs; 4.6 khj ,wf;FkjpfSf;F epjpaplTk;
NghJkhdjhfTk; ,Ue;jd. NkYk;> 2019 nrj;njk;gH
,Wjpapy; nkhj;j xJf;Fr; nrhj;J epiyik ehl;bd;
nkhj;jf; FWq;fhyg; gLfld;; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fspd; 64
rjtPjj;jpid cs;slf;fg; NghJkhdjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ.
5
79
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
mNjNtisapy;> nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;FfisAk;
tHj;jf tq;fpfspd; ntspehl;Lr; nrhj;Jf;fisAk;
cs;slf;fpa nkhj;j gd;dhl;L xJf;Ffs; 2018 ,Wjpapd;
I.m.nlhyH 9.6 gpy;ypadpypUe;J 2019 Xfj;J ,Wjpapy;
I.m.nlhyH 11.3 gpy;ypaDf;F mjpfhpj;jJ. ,J 6.8
khjq;fSf;fhd ,wf;Fkjpf;F epjpaplg; NghJkhdJ.
jpuz;l epYit
• tYtile;JtUk; epjpapay; fzf;F Fiwe;j eilKiwg;
gw;whf;FiwAld; NrHe;J 2019,d; Kjy; xd;gJ khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; I.m.nlhyh; 792 kpy;ypad; nfhz;l
jpuz;l epYitapy; kpifnahd;wpidg; gjpTnra;tjw;F
nrd;kjp epYitia ,aYikg;gLj;jpaJ. I.m.nlhyH
2.9 gpy;ypad; nfhz;l ,uz;L ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L
Kwpfspd; ngWiffspdJ Njwpa fpilg;gdT kw;Wk;
cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapypUe;J
I.m.nlhyH 285 kpy;ypad; Njwpa <Hg;G vd;gd 2019,d;
Kjy; xd;gJ khj fhyg;gFjpapy; jpuz;l epYit
mjpfhpg;gjw;F cjtpd.
nryhtzp tPj mirTfs;
• 2018,y; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpw;F Nja;tile;j nryhtzp
tPjk; cyfshtpa kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L mgptpUj;jpfspypUe;J
rpy mOj;jq;fis vjpHNehf;fpa NghJk; 2019,y; rpy
jpUj;jq;fisf; fhl;baJ. 2019,d; Kjy; ehd;F khj
fhyg;gFjpapy; nryhtzp tPjk; tYtile;jikf;F
tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwapy; fhzg;gl;l Fwpg;gplj;jf;fr;
RUf;fKk; epjpapay; cl;gha;r;ry; mjpfhpj;jikAk;
cjtpahf mike;J capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;FjYf;F
Kd;dH 4.6 rjtPjk; nfhz;l caHtpw;F toptFj;jd.
cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapy; epytpa
mj;jifa Àz;Ljyspf;Fk; jputj;jd;ik epiyikfs;
Njwpa mbg;gilnahd;wpy; re;ijapypUe;J ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpj; jputj;jd;ikapid <Hj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F kj;jpa
tq;fpia ,aYikg;gLj;jpaJ. vdpDk;> nryhtzp tPjk;
capHj;j QhapWj; jhf;Fjypidj; njhlHe;J Vg;gpwypd;
gpd;diug;gFjpapYk; mur gpizaq;fs; re;ijapy; rpy
ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; KbTWj;jg;gLtjw;Ff; fhuzkhfpa
cyfshtpa re;ijfspy; fhzg;gl;l mjpfsT
epr;rakw;w jd;ikfspd; jhf;fj;ijg; gpujpgypj;J kPz;Lk;
Xfj;jpd; gpd;diug;gFjpapYk; mOj;jq;fisf; fhl;baJ.
,Ug;gpDk;> cs;ehl;L ntspehl;L ehzar; re;ijapd;
mjd; gpd;duhd jputj;jd;ik Nkk;ghLfs; nryhtzp
tPjk; cWjpailtjw;Fk; 2019 xj;NjhgH ,Wjpastpy;
&gh 0.6 rjtPjk; nfhz;l ngWkjp caHtpidg;
gjpTnra;tjw;Fk; Mjutspj;jd. mNjNtis> kj;jpa
tq;fp 2018,d; nrj;njk;gH ,Wjptiu I.m.nlhyH 184.6
kpy;ypad; nfhz;l Njwpa toq;fy;fSld; xg;gpLifapy;
tiuglk; 5.8
nkhj;j mYty;rhH xJf;FfSk; ,wf;Fkjp khjq;fSk;Figure 5.9 Gross Official Reserves and Months of Imports
nkhj;j mYty;rhh; xJf;Ffs; ,wf;Fkjp khjq;fs; (tyJ mr;R)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
rd-15
Nk-15
nrj;-15
rd-16
Nk-16
nrj;-16
rd-17
Nk-17
nrj;-17
rd-18
Nk-18
nrj;-18
rd-19
Nk-19
nrj;-19
khjq;fs;
I.m.nlh. kpy;ypad;
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
tiuglk; 5.10
jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs;:
24 - ehzak; (2017 = 100)Figure 5.11
E�ective Exchange Rate Indices :24 - Currency (2017 = 100)
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
rd-17
khr;-17
Nk-17
A+iy-17
nrj;-17
ent-17
rd-18
khr;-18
Nk-18
A+iy-18
nrj;-18
ent-18
rd-19
khr;-19
Nk-19
A+iy-19
nrj;-19
Rl;nlz; Gs;spfs;
ngausTj; jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp tPjk; cz;ikj; jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp tPjk;
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
tiuglk; 5.9
cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzpr; re;ijapy; kj;jpa
tq;fpapd; jiyaPL kw;Wk; nryhtzp tPjk;
Figure 5.10 Central Bank Intervention in the Domestic Foreign Exchange Market
and the Exchange Rate
Njwpa cs;sPh;g;G khj ,Wjp nryhtzp tPjk; (tyJ mr;R)
130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100
0 100 200 300 400
rd-15
Nk-15
nrj;-15
rd-16
Nk-16
nrj;-16
rd-17
Nk-17
nrj;-17
rd-18
Nk-18
nrj;-18
rd-19
Nk-19
nrj;-19
&.Æ nlhy
H
I.m.nlh. kpy;ypad;
%yk;: ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp
5
80
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjp tiuapyhd Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy;
Njwpa mbg;gilapy; I.m.nlhyH 284.8 kpy;ypaid
<Hj;Jf; nfhz;lJ. 2019 xj;NjhgH ,Wjp tiu FWf;F
ehza nryhtzp mirTfisg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w
tpjj;jpy; ,yq;if &gh> ,e;jpa &gh (3.5 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk;
A+Nuh (3.1 rjtPjk;) vd;gdtw;wpw;nfjpuhf caHtile;j
Ntisapy; ];Nuypq; gTz; (1.2 rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; ag;ghdpa
nad;dpw;nfjpuhf (1.0 rjtPjk;) Nja;tile;jJ.
• I.m.nlhyH gue;j mbg;gilapy; tYtile;jikapd;
fhuzkhf I.m.nlhyUf;nfjpuhf kw;iwa Kf;fpa
ehzaq;fs; Nja;tile;jd. ,jd;gb> A+Nuh (2.4
rjtPjk;) kw;Wk; ,e;jpa &gh (2.8 rjtPjk;) vd;gd
I.m.nlhyUf;nfjpuhf Nja;tile;j Ntisapy; 2019
xj;NjhgH ,Wjpapy; ];Nuypq; gTz; (1.8 rjtPjk;)>
ag;ghdpa nad; (1.6 rjtPjk;) I.m.nlhyUf;nfjpuhf
caHtile;jJ.
• 2019 nrj;njk;gH ,Wjp tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy;
Ie;J ehzak; kw;Wk; 24 ehzak; ,uz;bw;Fkhd
ngausTj; jhf;fKs;s nrytzp tPjk; kw;Wk;
cz;ikj; jhf;fKs;s nrythzp tPjk; Mfpa ,uz;L
Rl;nlz;fSk; mjpfhpj;jd. ngausTj; jhf;fKs;s
nryhtzp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs; mjpfhpj;J FWf;F
ehza nryhtzp tPjq;fspd; mirTfSld; NrHe;J
rpy Kf;fpa ehzaq;fSf;nfjpuhf ,yq;if &gh
ngausT caHtile;jikia gpujpgypj;jd. ,jd;gb> 5
ehzak; kw;Wk; 24 ehzaj;jpd; ngausTj; jhf;fKs;s
nryhtzp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs; 2019 nrj;njk;gH tiuahd
,t;thz;Lg; gFjpapy; KiwNa 2.48 rjtPjj;jpdhYk;
2.19 rjtPjj;jpdhYk; mjpfhpj;jd. mNjNtis>
ngausT nryhtzp tPjq;fspd; NtWghLfSf;Fg;
Gwk;ghf ehLfSf;fpilNaahd gztPf;f NtWghLfisg;
ghprPyidapy; nfhs;fpd;w ,yq;ifapd; ntspehl;Lg;
Nghl;bj;jd;ikia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lk; 5 ehzak; kw;Wk;
24 ehzaq;fspd; cz;ikj; jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp
tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs; KiwNa 3.65 rjtPjj;jpdhYk; 3.25
rjtPjj;jpdhYk; mjpfhpj;jd. vdpDk;> cz;ikj;
jhf;fKs;s nryhtzp tPjr; Rl;nlz;fs; mbg;gil
Mz;L kl;lj;jpw;Ff; fPNo njhlHe;Jk; fhzg;gl;L ehl;bd;
Nghl;bj;jd;ikf;F Mjutspf;fpd;wJ.
vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; mgptpUj;jpfs;
• 2019,d; Kjy; vl;L khj fhyg;gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f RUf;fq;fspypUe;J ed;ikaile;J 2018
cld; xg;gpLifapy; 2019,y; tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw
RUf;fkilAnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. 2017
khr;rpypUe;J mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tsHr;rp cj;Ntfj;jpd;
njhlHr;rpahf Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fs; 2019,Yk; eLj;ju
fhyj;jpYk; caHtilAnkd vwpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
Gjpa tHj;jfg; gq;fhsHfSld; tHj;jfj; njhlHGfis
epWtjy;> J}z;Ljyspf;Fk; tHj;jff; nfhs;iffs;>
kpfg; Nghl;bj;jd;ik tha;e;j nryhtzp tPjq;fSld;
NrHe;J tYthd epWtd hPjpahd MjuT vd;gd
Vw;Wkjpfspd; tsHr;rp cj;Ntfj;jpidj; Àz;Lnkd
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpw;fhd If;fpa
mnkhpf;fhtpd; nghJthf;fg;gl;l Kd;Dhpikj; jpl;l
trjp kPsg;ngwg;gl;lik ,yq;ifapd; Vw;Wkjpfspd;
kPJ rhjfkhd jhf;fj;jpidf; nfhz;bUf;ff;$Lk;
Nghy; njhpfpwJ. caHe;j jPHitf;Fl;gl;l cw;gj;jpfs;
,yq;ifapd; Kf;fpa Vw;WkjpahfNth my;yJ
,wf;Fkjp tplaq;fshfNth ,Uf;fhikapd; fhuzkhf
If;fpa mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; rPdhtpw;Fkpilapy; jw;nghOJ
,lk;ngw;WtUk; tHj;jfg; gjl;lq;fs; ,yq;ifapd;
tHj;jfr; nrayhw;wj;jpidg; ngUkstpw;Fg;
ghjpf;Fnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gltpy;iy. ,Ug;gpDk;$l>
cyfshtpa tHj;jfj;jpYk; cyfshtpa tsHr;rpapYk;
Vw;glf;$ba nkJthd Nghf;F Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fspd;
kPJ vjpHf;fzpakhd frpAk; jhf;fj;jpidf;
nfhz;bUf;ff;$Lk;. mNjNtis> 2019,y; ,wf;Fkjpr;
nrytpdk; tPo;r;rpailAnkd vwpT nra;ag;gl;bUg;gJ
kj;jpa tq;fpapdhYk; murhq;fj;jpdhYk; vLf;fg;gl;l
nfhs;if topKiwfspd; fhuzkhf Mz;bd; vl;L
khj fhyg;gFjpapy; ,wf;Fkjpfspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l
RUf;fj; jhf;fj;jpidg; gpujpgypg;gjhff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
vdpDk;> rhj;jpakhd gUtfhyf; Nfs;tpapd;
fhuzkhfTk; rYif mDkjpg;gj;jpuq;fspd; fPohd
ce;J CHjpfspd; rhj;jpakhd ,wf;Fkjpapy; Vw;gLk;
mjpfhpg;Gf;fSk; Mz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; Fwpg;gpl;l
tif ,wf;Fkjpfis mjpfhpf;ff;$Lk;. ,wf;Fkjpr;
nrytpdk; EfHTg;nghUl;fs; Fwpg;ghf> jdpahs;
CHjpfs; kw;Wk; ,ilepiyg;nghUl;fspd; caHe;j
,wf;Fkjpfspd; fhuzkhf 2020,y; mjpfhpf;Fnkd
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; tpisthf 2019,y;
RUf;fkilAnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiw
2020,y; mjpfhpf;Fnkd vwpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
• 2019,y; nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapy; Vwj;jho 2.6 rjtPjkhf
,Uf;Fnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;w eilKiwf;
fzf;Fg; gw;whf;Fiw tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwapy;
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;w tphptpd; Kf;fpa fhuzkhf
2020,y; kjpg;gplg;gl;l nkh.c.cw;gj;jpapy; Vwj;jho 3.1
rjtPjj;jpw;F mjpfhpf;Fnkd vwpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
2019,y; RUf;fkilAnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;w tHj;jfg;
gw;whf;Fiw caHkl;l nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspd;
fhuzkhf Vw;Wkjp tUtha;fspy; Vw;gLk;
5
81
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;
mjpfhpg;gpid ,wf;Fkjpr; nrytpdj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba
mjpfhpg;G tpQ;Rnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLtjdhy; 2020,y;
mjpfhpf;Fnkd vwpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. mNjNtis>
Rw;WyhtpypUe;jhd tUtha;fs; tPo;r;rpailAnkd
vwpTnra;ag;gl;likapd; Kf;fpa fhuzkhf 2019,y;
tPo;r;rpailAnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; gzpfs; fzf;fpd;
kpif caHe;j cl;gha;r;ry;fSld; Fwpg;ghf> Rw;Wyh>
jfty; njhopy;El;gk;> ntspapypUe;J tpahghug;
gzpfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jg;
gzpfs; vd;gdtw;wpd; %yk; 2020,y; Nkk;gLnkd
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. jfty; njhopy;El;gj;Jld;
njhlHghd Vw;Wkjpfs; mtw;wpd; cj;Ntfk;kpf;f
tsHr;rpiaj; njhlUnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;w Ntisapy;
caHtile;j ntspehl;L tHj;jfk;> mk;ghe;Njhl;ilj;
JiwKfj;jpd; tpiuTgLj;jg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp>
nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; mjpfhpj;j eltbf;iffs;
vd;gdtw;wpd; fhuzkhf Nghf;Ftuj;jpypUe;jhd
tUtha;fs; caHtilAnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
ntspehl;Lg; gLfldpd; ,Ug;G kw;Wk; ntspehl;L Neub
KjyPLfs; vd;gdtw;wpy; Vw;gl;l tphpthf;fj;Jld;
NrHe;J caHe;j tl;b tPjf; nfhLg;gdTfs;> gq;fpyhgf;
nfhLg;gdTfs; kw;Wk; kPsKjyPL nra;ag;gl;l
tUtha;fs; vd;gdtw;Wld; Muk;g tUkhdf; fzf;fpd;
gw;whf;Fiw mjpfhpf;Fnkd vwpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
mz;ika Mz;Lfspd; Nghf;Ffisg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w
tpjj;jpy; njhopyhsH gztDg;gy;fs; 2020,y; kpjkhf
tpsq;Fnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. gzpfs; kw;Wk;
,uz;lhe;ju tUkhd fzf;FfspYs;s kpiffspy;
Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wikf;F ,ilapYk;
tHj;jfg; gw;whf;Fiwapd; vwpT nra;ag;gl;l tphptile;J
tUk; ,ize;j jhf;fk; kw;Wk; Muk;g tUkhdf; fzf;Fg;
gw;whf;Fiw vd;gd 2020,y; ntspehl;L eilKiw
fzf;F epYitfis tPo;r;rpailar; nra;Ankd
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
• vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;L
cl;gha;r;ry;fspd; fhuzkhf> Fwpg;ghf nfhOk;G
JiwKf efuk; kw;Wk; mk;ghe;Njhl;ilf; ifj;njhopy;
tyak; Nghd;w ePz;l fhy mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;wpl;lq;fs;
mNjNghd;W murhq;fj;jpd; mur jdpahH gq;Flikf@lhf
vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; ntspehl;L Neub KjyPLfspd; fhuzkhf
epjpapay; fzf;fpw;fhd ngWiffs; 2020,y; Nkk;gLnkd
vwpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk;> nfhOk;G gq;Fg; ghptHj;jid
kw;Wk; mur gpizaq;fs; re;ijf;fhd Njwpa ntspehl;L
KjyPLfs; vd;gd cyfk; KOtJk; gue;J fhzg;gl;l
ehzaf; nfhs;ifj; jsHj;jy;fSk; ehl;by; NjHjYf;Fg;
gpd;duhd fhyj;jpy; vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; mjpfsthd
nfhs;ifapd; cWjpahd jd;ik vd;gdtw;Wld;
Nkk;gLnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. NkYk;> g.eh.epjpak; -
tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa trjp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; KjyPl;lhsH
ek;gpf;ifapid Nkk;gLj;Jnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
epjpapay; fzf;fpw;fhd vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l cl;gha;r;ry;fs;
gd;dhl;L xJf;Ffs; jpUg;jpfukhdnjhU kl;lj;jpy;
kPstYg;gLj;jg;gLtjw;Fg; gq;fspf;Fnkd
vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;L
cl;gha;r;ry;fspy; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs; vjpHghHf;fg;gl;l
NghJk; 2019-2023 fhyg;gFjpapy; ngUe;njhifahd
gLfld; jPHg;gdTf; nfhLg;gdTfs; fzprkhd
ntspehl;L epjpapliyf;> Fwpg;ghf> ehl;bw;fhd gd;dhl;L
Kwp> $l;Lf; fld;fs;> jPtpukhd nghWg;G Kfhikj;Jtj;
njhopw;ghLfspypUe;jhd ngWiffs; vd;gd %yk;
Njitg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. mNjNtis> cs;ehl;L ntspehl;Lr;
nryhtzpr; re;ijapy; vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; jputj;jd;ikapd;
gbg;gbahd Kd;Ndw;wq;fSld; tHj;jf tq;fpfspd;
epjpapay; epiyik tYtilAnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
cj;Njrpf;fg;gl;Ls;s nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik tha;e;j
gztPf;f ,yf;fplnyhd;wpw;Fs; nefpo;r;rpj;jd;ik
tha;e;jJk; Nghl;bj;jd;ik nfhz;lJkhd nryhtzp
tPjk; Ngzg;gLnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
• gd;dhl;L ehza epjpak; - tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa trjp
2020,d; eLg;gFjp tiu njhlUnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
gd;dhl;L ehza epjpaj;jpd; epiwNtw;Wr; rig ,yq;if
njhlHghd tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa trjpapd; Ie;jhtJ
kPsha;tpid epiwT nra;jpUf;fpd;wJld; MwhtJ
njhFjpapd; gfpHe;jspg;gpw;F xg;Gjyspj;jpUf;fpd;w
Ntisapy;> Vw;ghLfis Xuhz;bdhy; 2020 A+d; tiu
tphpthf;fpapUg;gJld; vQ;rpAs;s gfpHe;jspg;Gf;fSk;
kPs;ml;ltizaplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,yq;if tphpthf;fg;gl;l
epjpa trjpapd; fPo; 2019 A+dpw;fhd Njwpa gd;dhl;L
xJf;fpid va;jpAs;sJ. MwhJ kPsha;tpd;
ntw;wpfukhd KbTWj;jYld; tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa
trjpapd; fPohd VohtJ fl;lj;jpd; ngWtdTfs;
2019,d; entk;gH khjj;jpd; Muk;gg;gFjpapy; fpilf;fg;
ngWnkd vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. tphpthf;fg;gl;l epjpa
trjp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; ePbg;G ntspehl;Lj; Jiwapd;
Njhw;wg;ghl;bid Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gq;fspg;gjd; %yk;
KjyPl;lhsH ek;gpf;ifiaj; Àz;Ltjw;Fg; gf;fgykhf
mikAk;.
5
82
,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp | mz;ikf;fhy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpfs; 2019,d; Kf;fpa gz;GfSk; 2020,w;fhd tha;g;Gf;fSk;