nuoi trong nam bao ngu - thay thang

8/4/2019 Nuoi Trong Nam Bao Ngu - Thay Thang

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I. C IM CHUNG

Tn gi Nm bo ng (abalone), nm dai ( min Nam)

Nm s (oyster), nm hng chn ngn ( min Bc).

Tn khoa hc Pleurotus spp.Phn b Nhm a nhit trung bnh (n ha) ra qu th 10 20oC

Nhm a nhit ra qu th 20 30oC

Hnh thi qu th Tai nm dng phu lch, phin mang bo t ko di xung n

chn,

cung nm gn gc c lp lng nh mn. Tai nm bo ng cn

non c

mu sc sm hoc ti, nhng khi trng thnh mu tr nn sng

hn.

Gi th t nhin G mc, cc nguyn liu c cht x (rm r, b ma)

Nm bo ng cng l loi nm n, nh nm rm, nm mi, ng c..., tai nm

dng phu, phin ko di xung chn. Cung nm gn gc c lp lng mn. Tai nm cn

non c mu sc ti, nhng khi trng thnh, mu tr nn sng hn.

Tai nm bo ng pht trin qua nhiu giai on, da theo hnh dng c tn gi

tng ng: dng san h, dng di trng, dng phu, dng bn cu lch, dng l lc bnh.

(Hnh 1)

a/ Dng san h b/ Dng di trng c/ Dng phu d/ Dng bn cu lch

e/ Dng l lc bnh

Hnh 1: Cc giai on pht trin ca nm bo ng

u chu, nm bo ng ng hng th hai trong cc loi nm n (ch sau nm

m-Agaricus bisporus). Nm khng nhng n ngon, m cn c nhiu tnh cht qu. Nu

tnh v thnh phn dinh dng th nm bo ng c nhiu cht ng, thm ch hn cnm rm, nm m, nm ng c. V m v khong khng thua g cc loi nm k trn.

Xt v nng lng, nm bo ng li cung cp nng lng mc ti thiu, thp hn ng

c, tng ng vi nm rm, nm m, rt thch hp cho nhng ngi n king.

Ngoi ra, cn pht hin nm bo ng c cht khng sinh l Pleurotin, c ch

hot ng ca vi khun Gram dng (Robins v cng s, 1947). Bn cnh , nm cn

cha hai polysaccharid c hot tnh khng ung bu, m cht c bit nhiu nht, gm

69% beta (1-3) glucan, 13% galactose, 6% mannose, 13% uronic acid. Ngoi ra, nm

cha nhiu acid folic, rt cn cho nhng ngi b thiu mu.


2/13

Nm bo ng c trng nc ta cch nay hn hai chc nm, vi nhiu chng

loi: bo ng trng (P. florida), bo ng tm (P. ostreatus), bo ng xm (P. sajor-saju),

bo ng vng (P. pulmonarius), ... v trn nhiu ngun nguyn liu khc nhau, nh: rm

r, b ma, mt ca (hay mn ca), bng, lt, ng, bng ph thi, ci bp... Kt qu cho

thy nm mc tt trn nhiu loi nguyn liu v hiu sut sinh hc (nm ti trn trnglng nguyn liu kh) rt cao.

Thi gian qua, khi th nghim nui trng nm bo ng trn b ma, thn v l

bp, chng ti thu c kt qu sau:

- Vi thn bp, hiu sut sinh hc l 55,58 %.

- Vi l bp, hiu sut sinh hc l 60,47%.

- Vi b ma, hiu sut sinh hc l 86,63%.

Nh vy cho thy, nm bo ng l loi nm d trng, nng sut cao, li n ngon.

Tuy nhin, thi gian qua, do cha qung b, hng dn nui trng v ch bin, nn mc

d c nghin cu, nui trng gn hai chc nm nay, nhng nm bo ng vn cn xa

l vi nhiu ngi Vit nam.

II. VIT NAM C TH TRNG LOI BO NG NO ?

Nm bo ng c nhiu chng loi khc nhau, kh nng phn b i vi nhit

cng rt rng. C nhng loi mc nhit thp, nh: bo ng tm (P. ostreatus), ra nm

15oC, thm ch phi sc lnh 5oC trong 24 gi trc khi chuyn sang 15oC (Laborde

v J. Delmas, 1974) hay bo ng xm (P. sajor-caju) ra nm ng lot khi sc lnh 15oC

trong 12 gi. Tuy nhin, cng c nhng loi ra nm nhit cao, nh : bo ng trng

(P. florida), bo ng Nht (P. abalonus),...

Vit Nam hin nui trng mt s loi bo ng sau:

- Bo ng trng (P. florida) ra nm 27-28oC.

- Bo ng xm (P. sajor-caju) ra nm 24-25oC.

- Bo ng Nht (P. abalonus) ra nm 26-28oC.

- Bo ng vua (P. eryngii) ra nm 26-27oC

Nh vy, ty nhit thch hp ca tng loi nm, m chn chng nui trng cho

tng vng v theo tng ma trong nm.

Ngoi nhit , nm bo ng cn chi phi bi m . m thch hp cho t nm

pht trin l t 40 50% ( m c cht trng nm) v cho qu th l 70 90% ( m

khng kh).

Trong thi k nui t (m si), nm khng cn anh sng, nhng khi hnh thnh

v pht trin ca tai nm (qu th) cn chiu sng va phi (400 -2000 lux).


3/13

III. NGUYN LIU DNG TRONG NUI TRNG NM BO NG

Nm bo ng, nh trnh by, c th mc trn nhiu loi g v c cht khc

nhau. Tuy nhin, ph bin hin nay nhiu ni vn thch trng trn mt ca, b ma v

rm r.

1. S dng mt ca

Nguyn liu s dng chnh l mt ca cao su, nhiu ni cng c th dng mt ca

tp ca cc cy l rng, g mm, nh xoi, mt, sung, so a, iu, ip... Cch nui

trng tng t nh i vi nm mo.

Qui trnh trng nm bo ng c tm tt nh sau:

Nm bo ng thuc nhm nm ph hoi g, sng ch yu hoi sinh (ngoi tr mt

vi loi k sinh, nhP. ostreatus, P. erygii), t nm tng trng tt trn mi trng c

ur. Nhiu nghin cu cho thy vic b sung bt u nnh, bt lng v cng gip nm bo

ng mc tt hn.

Vic thm KCl vo mi trng gip nm bo ng to qu th sm hn 10 ngy,

cn khi thm NaCl, MgCl2 hoc CaCl2, P. ostreatus kt qu th sm hn 3 ngy hay b

sung MgCl2, lm P. sapidus to qu th sm hn 2 ngy. Nh vy, khi b sung mui

khong thch hp lm rt ngn thi gian to qu th nm. Lng mui khong thm votnh bng phn ngn (%o), dao ng trong khong 1-5%o.


4/13

Nm bo ng khi a vo nh ti, c th treo nh nm mo, nhng tt nht l

xp k v ti nc. Vic ti nc s gip kch thch t nm kt bn li nhanh ra qu

th, ng thi ra cc bi bm bm trn bch trong qu trnh t. Sau khi ti nc hai

ngy bt u m ming. Nu xp k, ch cn g nt bng hoc rch b phn nylon chp

nh (hnh 2). Mt m tp trung v mt bn, d gi m v chm sc, cng nh thu hi.Nu treo ngang hoc treo dc c th rch thnh 4 hoc 5 ng di 10cm bn hng bch

theo chiu thng ng.

a/ Rc m ming bao b/ Xp

k

Hnh 2 : Cch m ming bch phi n nm

Sau khi, m ming khong 6 gi, tin hnh ti to m chonm bo ng kt

n. Ma h tt nht nn ti vo bui ti, nh ban m tri mt v nc lnh s kch thch

nm d kt n. Nm bo ng khng cn nhiu nc, nn khng ti nh nm mo, nht l

dng c ti phi tht mn (phun sng), nh vy mi khng lm cht nm.

Nm bo ng ln rt nhanh. T lc xut hin n khi trng thnh, ch t hai n

ba ngy. Nm mc thnh chm, nn phi tnh cch hi cho c li nht (tng t nm

rm). Khi hi nn hi c gc, khng tha li phn chn nm s d gy nhim khun

cho nm non cn li.


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Hnh 3 : Nm bo ng nui trng xp k

2. S dng b ma

B ma l ph liu ca nh my ng, s lng thi ra hng nm rt ln, nu s

dng cho trng nm bo ng s to ra mt lng sn phm khng nh cho x hi v cho

xut khu.

Nm bo ng l loi nm ho ng, chng trng tt trn nguyn liu c cht

ng, nh ci bp, b ma...

Qu trnh x l nguyn liu lm bch phi c hai kh nng xy ra: kh trng

nguyn liu v khng kh trng. Trng hp th nht tin hnh ng ti v kh trng nh

lm mt ca. Trng hp th hai, nguyn liu c cho vo ti nylon (PE). C mt lp bma 10 cm, ri ging theo ba, st thnh bch. Tun t cho n khi y ti (30 - 40 cm).

lp cui cng, ri ging u trn b mt nguyn liu. Sau , gp nylon cn tha li

che ming ti, em nui cho n khi t n y.

Cng cn lu , meo ging pht trin tt, khi cy ging khng nn bp vn, m

b thnh tng ming. T l ging cy vo chim t 10 -20 % so vi c cht.

Qui trnh trng nm bo ng trn b ma nh sau:

Qu trnh ti n qu th tng t nh trn mt ca.


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3. S dng rm r

Nui trng nm bo ng trn mt ca thch hp cho nui trng cng nghip,

nhng ph bin rng ri trong dn, nht l gii quyt xo i gim ngho, th vic u

t kh tn km. V vy nu nhng vng c rm r, c th c phng php n gin hn

trng nm bo ng vi nguyn liu l rm r.

Ngoi ra, cc vng trng la li khan him mt ca, nn s dng rm r lm

nguyn liu trng nm bo ng, va h gi thnh, va thu c nng sut cao.

Rm r kh c lm m bng cch nhng qua hoc ngm vi nc vi 1% trong

24 gi. Sau ng nh lm vi nm rm 7 10 ngy.

S hin din ca vi lm mm nhanh nguyn liu, ng thi lm kim ho mi

trng, hn ch s sng ca vi khun, nm mc; ngoi ra, vi cng gip kh c (nh gc

Ca2+).

Cch ch bin tng t nh trng hp x l rm r trng nm rm, ngha l cng

lm m bng nc hoc nc vi 1%. Sau ng. Thi gian tt nht l 7- 10 ngy.

S hin din ca vi lm mm nhanh nguyn liu, ng thi lm kim ho mi trng, hn

ch s sng ca vi khun, nm mc; ngoi ra, vi cng gip kh c (nh gc Ca2+).

Nguyn liu c xem l chn khi rm tr nn sm mu, mi thm d chu. Nc

rm chy ra c mu c x x. Trong trng hp mun rt ngn thi gian rm, th cn

cho men vi sinh vo nguyn liu lm qu trnh phn hy nhanh hn.

Nguyn liu x l xong c cho vo ti PP (kch thc 30cm x 40cm) ng gi

nh lm bng mt ca. Kh trng 105oC trong 4 gi. ngui 24 gi ri cy meo ging

nm bo ng vo.

Trng hp lm n gin khng cn kh trng nhit th nguyn liu (sau x l)

cho vo nhng ti nylon ln hoc ti xp (35cm x 45cm) thnh tng lp 10cm, ri gieo

meo st ba vch pha trong ti, Tip tc cho rm thm lp 10cm na v gieo meo tng

t. Sau lm lp th ba, lp ny meo ging c gieo u khp b mt lm lp

ph. Cui cng xp ming bao li trnh bi bm v ngun bnh ri vo. Nui cho tn y v em ra ti n nm.


7/13

Hnh 4 : Nui trng nm bo ng trn rm bng cch treo

Qui trnh x l rm trng nm bo ng nh sau:

iu kin nui t v ti n nm cng ging nh trn mt ca, tuy nhin cn lu

hai im quan trng nh sau:

- Rm r phi c lm rao nc ti a (cn t 30 - 40% m), trnh tnm co cm li v nhn vng.

- Sau khi thu hi xong mi t, tt nht nn nn bch d xung, cho cc tnm sau khng b tai nm nh dn.

Ngoi phng php vo ti, ngi ta cn dng phng php ng khi hay khun

(nh trng nm rm ngoi tri) trng nm bo ng. Cch lm ny cng em li hiu

qu kh tt.

Qu trnh ti n qu th cng tng t nh trn mt ca hay b ma.


8/13

IV. KH TRNG C CHT TRNG NM BO NG

Nguyn liu cn kh trng dit cc mm bnh c hi cho nm. qu trnh

kh trng tt phi phi hp ba yu t:

- Cht lng nguyn liu s dng: nguyn liu c, b mc, kch thc khng ng

u, thnh phn phc tp, thiu m s kh kh trng hoc phi kh trng k hn. Ngoi

ra, nu bao b b bm bn, ming hoc v bc bn ngoi, nt bng b t... u d pht

sinh nhim tp.

- Ch bin v ng nguyn liu: nguyn liu trn thm cc cht c tc dng kh

trng nh vi, thch cao... gip hn ch mt phn mm bnh. Trong qu trnh , nhit

ng tng cao (60o- 80oC), cng gp phn dit nhiu vi sinh vt c hi. Qu trnh cng

lm nguyn liu ht m ng u hn, to nhiu thun li cho vic kh trng.

- Cch thc kh trng: phng php kh trng ph bin hin nay l dng nhitm (c hoc khng c p sut) v cn thit b tng ng. D phng php no cng u

phi m bo nhit v thi gian kh trng thch hp.

Mt vi ni cn s dng thng phuy v dng vi nha vi bao b t lm np.

Nhit cc ni ny thng khng cao, khong 85- 90oC, do , phi ko di 5 - 6 gi.

Nhiu ni khc, h thng nu dng cho c v bc bng tn, st, xi mng ... dng

hnh khi hp, ca m ra trc mt. Nhit ni thng khng cao, khong 95o- 100oC,

thi gian hp t 3-4 gi.

Khu vc Long Khnh cn lm ni khi trn, c np y v c vn chc chn,

nhng nhit s dng khong 105oC trong 2 gi 30 - 3 gi.


9/13

V. TRNG NM BO NG NH TH NO CHO C NNG SUT

Nng sut nm l thuc bi nhiu yu t, bao gm:

- Ging nm.

- Thnh phn dinh dng.- iu kin nui v chm sc.

- Phng bnh.

1. Meo ging nm

Mun nng nng sut nm mo, trc tin phi c ngun ging cung cp tin cy,

cn li l ty thuc k thut ngi trng.

2. Dinh dng cho nm

Lin quan n loi mt ca (loi g) v thnh phn thm vo. Thnh phn ny c

th cung cp ngay t lc trn nguyn liu, nhng cng c th b sung thm vo giai

on pht trin ca qu th. Dinh dng trn thm vo nguyn liu c th l phn bn

ho hc hoc 1% ng n hoc khong nh Kali, Phosphat, Magn... . Ngoi ra, nhiu

loi phn bn l, nh N-P-K, Komix, Bimix, HVP... u c th dng ti b sung cho

nm. Ur dng ti nm rt tt, nhng khi pht sinh bnh, nht l mc, phi ngng

ngay. Tuy nhin, quan trng vn l khu ch bin v nguyn liu. Nguyn liu chun b

tt nng sut chc chn s cao.

3. iu kin nui

Gp phn ng k trong vic nng nng sut nm. Nu trong thi gian t, nhit

ln cao hoc xung thp qu, cng lm nh hng n kt qu nui trng, c bit

trong tnh trng thiu oxy, t b ngp, tit nc, nng sut gim nhanh. Do , bch nui

nn thong, mt va phi, c ca s gi la

vo phng lm gim nhit , nhng trnh nng ri trc tip. Khi t lan y bch, bt

u chuyn sang giai on ti n nm. Giai on ny c nhiu vn phi gii quyt:

- Nn treo bch hay xp k?

- Rch bch nh th no?

- Lc no bt u ti v ti ra sao?

- Nm nh th no th thu hi c?

Ph bin hin nay ngi nui trng vn thch treo hn dn k, v tn km v

d v sinh. Trong trng hp nh vn, c th kt hp nui trng nm bo ng di cc

tn cy, gim mt phn chi ph xy dng. Bch treo thnh tng xu 8- 10 bch theo kiu

nm ngang.

Bch treo hoc xp k xong cn ti nc t xung quanh thnh bch ra v

kch thch t nm.

Khi t nm trng u l lc bt u m ming bch cho nm c ch chui

ra. Dng dao lam hoc dao rc giy, rch thnh ng di khong 10 cm hai hng bch,

mi bn 2 ng. ng rch cn rch bao nylon, khng phm su vo khi mt ca

c t nm. Ngoi ra, cng c th tho nt bng nm ra t c bch.


10/13

Sau khi, rch khong su gi l c th ti nc. Lc ny vt thng ca t nm

cc vt rch lnh ln. ng thi, nc ti s lm tng m v gim nhit , kch

thch nm kt qu th tt hn.

Khi nm hnh thnh cc l rch dng cng trng nh (san h), cn gi m

tt qu th pht trin bnh thng. Nm s chuyn qua cc giai on ca qu trnh phttrin v trng thnh. Nu giai on ny nhit ln cao hoc xung qu thp nm s b

cht.

4. Phng bnh

L vn ln hin nay, nht l khi phong tro tri rng, nh nh trng nm. Vi

s lng bch nui trng ln v trng quanh nm, nu khng c bin php phng bnh tt,

th kh t c kt qu. Vic phng bnh bao gm:

- Chn ging kho

- X l v kh trng tt nguyn liu.

- Gi mi trng ni nui trng tht v sinh.

- Hn ch s dng thuc st trng trc tip ln nm. Ch nn phun

thuc tr su bnh trc v sau khi nui trng.

- Nn phn l (bch tt, bch xu) tin chm sc.

C th tm tt nhng vic nn lm vo khng nn lm, khi nui trng nm mo.

NN LM NN TRNHChn ging tt Meo ging khng r ngun gcNui t (bch phi) ni thong, c nhsng nh (khng chiu nng).

Chng cht bch hoc treo dy qu khi (nm bngp, nhit tng) hay ti qu (d pht sinh

bnh).Thm dinh dng hoc phn bn vonguyn liu.

Thm ho cht hoc thuc tr su vo bch phi( phng bnh)

Ti nc sau khi rch bch 6 gi, hnhit v tng m , kch thch nm ktqu th.

Ti nc ngay sau khi rch hoc qu lu (ban nm ngy), nm yu, d pht sinh bnh.

Phun thuc phng bnh nh trng trcv sau khi a nm vo ti.

Phun thuc ba bi hoc thng xuyn trong lcchm sc v ti nm, tr khi pht sinh bnh cndit tp trung.

Nm bo ng l loi c nng sut nui trng kh cao. Tuy nhin, do cng tc

ging v cch nui trng cha ph hp, nn nng sut nm nui trng hin nay cn thp.Nng sut nm trung bnh i vi trng hp trng bng mt ca cao su ch

khong t 300 400g/ bch 1,5 kg, nu l mt ca tp ch khong 200 300g/ bch 1,5

kg. Trng hp trn b ma kt qu kh quan hn, nng sut c th t c 300 - 500g/

bch 1 kg. Nng sut c l cao nht l trn rm r cho, trung bnh 450 600g/ bch 0,8kg.

Tuy nhin, khi so snh v cht lng th nm trn mt ca vn cho tai nm tt

hn. Trn rm, nm d ra v nhiu, nhng tai nm thng nh v mng.

VI. NHNG NGUYN NHN DN N THT BI KHI TRNG NM BO NG


11/13

Nm bo ng cng ging nh cc ngnh nng nghip (chn nui v trng trt)

khc, nu khng c nhng hiu bit v chun b tt, th vn c th b tht bi.

Nguyn nhn tht bi c th do cc l do sau:

- Ging thoi ho, nhim tp, tai nm nh, nng sut km. Do , tt nht nn

chn ni c ngun ging tin cy mua.- Nguyn liu kh trng khng tt, ch nng v khng v sinh, hoc i khi do

s , cy ging vo khi bch cn nng. Lm t l bch h hng cao.

- Bch phi trong giai on t, nu chng ln nhau hoc ch khng thng

thong (b hi), nhit tng cao, nng chiu trc tip... t m hi, tit nc vng.

ng rch trn bch qu di, ti nc git ln, cng l nguyn nhn lm nng sut nm

gim v tui th bch rt ngn li.

- Dch bnh lm tht thu. Qu trnh rch bch, nu ni treo nng v kh, li chm

ti nc d pht sinh bnh trng (nhn mt hay mites). Nh trng hoc , khng v sinh

hoc gn tri g, tri heo, th dch bnh cng c th pht sinh v ly lan.

Tm li, so vi chn nui v trng trt, th trng nm l tng i nhn h hn,

nhng phi c nhng hiu bit nht nh th mi thu hi c kt qu tt nht.

VII. NHNG LU KHI NUI TRNG NM BO NG

Nm bo ng ging nh mt s loi nm khc, ngha l cng c nhng c im

ring ca n:

1. Tnh nhy cm vi mi trng

Nm bo ng l mt trong nhng loi nm nhy cm vi mi trng nht. Ngoi

yu t nhit , m , nh sng, pH, nng CO2..., nm cn c bit nhy cm vi cc

tc nhn gy nhim mi trng, nh ho cht, thuc tr su, cc kim loi nng... c

trong nguyn liu cng nh trong khng kh. Tai nm thng bin dng hoc ngng pht

trin. Do , cn kim tra iu kin nui trng hoc ngun nguyn liu khi nm c biu

hin khng bnh thng.

2. D ng do bo t nm bo ng

i vi cc loi bo t th bo t nm bo ng c ghi nhn c vi trng hp

gy d ng cho ngi. Trong trng hp ny ngi chm sc ht phi bo t ca n, th

triu chng s biu hin ngay trong 8 gi ( ngi nhy cm) hoc 4- 6 tun ( trng

hp khc). Bo t nm xm nhp vo cung phi, gy triu chng kh th, mt mi, nhiu

vt tay, nht u, ho v st (c th n 39 oC). Bnh ko di vi ngy ri dt, nhng

c th ti i ti li, khi tip xc tr li vi ngun bnh.

trnh ht phi bo t nm (nm bo ng, cng nh cc loi nm khc), khng

nn vo nh trng vo sng sm, tri lnh (lc nm phng thch nhiu bo t nht) hoc

eo khu trang khi vo khu vc nh trng.

VIII. NHNG BNH THNG GP NM BO NG


12/13

Nm bo ng c sc sng rt mnh, nhiu ni ngi ta s dng c bch nm mo

khng mc c hoc b mc, hp li v trng nm bo ng. Do , so vi nhng loi nm

khc th nm bo ng l loi t b bnh nht.

Tuy nhin, khi nui trng, nm li rt nhy cm vi mi trng, nh nhit ln

xung t ngt cng c th lm nm ngng tng trng, khng mc hoc tn nhanh.Nc ti b phn, b mn cng lm nm khng pht trin c hoc d dng. Qu trnh

ti, nu git nc qu ln v mnh s d lm cht cc n nm v tai ang trng thnh.

Tai nm b nc thng nhn ra v cht r.

i vi bnh nhim, th c hai bnh ch yu: mc xanh (Trichoderma sp.) v u

trng rui.

Trichoderma pht trin mnh trn cc c cht c cht g, chng c th tranh n

vi nm bo ng v lm nh hng n nng sut nm. Nm bnhbt du t nhng vt

bng xanh, sau chng nhanh chng chuyn sang en. hn ch s pht trin ca loi

mc ny, cn kh trng tt nguyn liu trng nm hoc nng pH mi trng.

Trng hp u trng rui hay cn gi l gii, chng chui vo bch v bch s b

thm qun tng mng. Vt bnh c nhng dng rnh qun quyn nh v ba. i khi

chng cng len vo gia cc khe bn di m nm, cn ph lm h hi nm. Tc sinh

sn chng rt nhanh, nn thit hi khng phi nh. Nh trng v vy nn lm li chn,

trnh rui chui vo. Tuy nhin, vn chnh l v sinh nh tri, khng dch pht sinh.

IX. BO QUN V TIU TH NM BO NG

Nm bo ng c xp vo nhm nm tht, tai nm khi chuyn sang dng phu

lch l lc thu hi. Nm c th bn ti hoc nm kh.

Nm c th ch bin thnh nhiu mn n, n gin nh: xo du, chin ht vt,

nu canh, nu sp, nu cho; phc tp nh: p x t nng, ln bt chin, hm g, hm

vt, nu lu...

Nm ti thu hi tt nht dng phu v trnh t nc, khng chng cht ln

nhau nhiu qu hoc khng b nng gt... c th gi 12 gi ng h nhit thng.

Nu iu kin mt (15-20oC), nm c th gi ba n nm ngy. Ngoi ra, c th ko

di thi gian bo qun, nu gi trong ti PE vi nng CO2 cao (trn 25%).

Trong trng hp khng tiu th kp nm ti, c th phi kh nm bo qun

v bn dn. Nm bo ng rt d lm kh, ch cn tri u ra v hong gi l tai nm kh

li. Tuy nhin, m bo cht lng nm kh, sau khi phi, cn sy thm nhit

40oC trong 4 gi. Trung bnh 10 - 11 kg nm ti s cho ra 1 kg nm kh.

Vo cui nhng nm 70 u nm 80, nh my hp Linh Xun l nh my u

tin ng hp nm bo ng xut khu. Tuy nhin, hin nay nm bo ng c th ch

bin v ng trong bao b nha, kh trng v bo qun lnh phc v cho nhu cu tiu

th trong nc.

Tm li, nm bo ng l mt loi nm n ngon, b dng, v vy sn lng tngrt nhanh, t 32.000 tn nm ti nm 1979, ln 169.000 tn nm 1986 v 909.000 tn


13/13

nm 1990. Chc chn rng trong thi gian ti, nm bo ng s chim c v tr xng

ng trong sn xut v kinh doanh nm nc ta.

L Duy Thng

i hc Khoa hc T nhin TP. HCM

Cc ho cht bn nu, c th lin lc vi cty vt t khoa hc kthut (Cemaco) t: 08.39507534 (nn mua dng cng nghip).

Tuy nhin, theo ti bn ch cn thm 1% tro tru hoc rm l khong cho nm.

Tro tru c phi l tru em t thnh tro hay khng?Vy nu mnh dng ht la kh em xay nhuyn c hn hpgm: tru xay nhuyn, cm v bt go ri trn vo nguyn liu lmnm mo (thay cho cm bp) th liu nng sut nm c tng haykhng?(cc iu kin nui v chm sc nm nh bnh thng)Vi cch trn nguyn liu trc y:

Mt ca cao su, CaCO3 8%o Ure v DAP 5%o, cm bpXin anh t vn gip! Thanks!

ng tro tru l tru t thnh tro (en hoc trng).

i vi nm mo, th nhu cu C/N = 35 (C- carbon; N-nito), nnkhi trng trn mt ca cao su c C/N = 56 s b thiu m. V vycn b sung m, N (nito) tng v t l C/N gim.

Thng thng ngi ta b sung cm bp, nhng thnh phn nyqu nhiu, d gy nhim tp, v vy ph bin hin nay phn bnho hc c a chung hn, nh ur, DAP, SA, NPK...

Cng thc bn dng nh vy cng c, nhng bp cn ngmtrc vi nc vi 0,5% trn 2 gi.

nuoi trong nam bao ngu - thay thang

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