nya psykoaktiva substanser, nps
TRANSCRIPT
Nya Psykoaktiva Substanser, NPS
Nicklas [email protected]
Lycksele 130924www.slideshare.net/kartengren
Vad menar vi med internetdroger?
• Designerdrugs
• RC-droger, Research Chemicals, Legal Highs
• Rökmixar, syntetiska cannabinoider, hallucinogerner, katinon-derivat etc
• Preparat som på olika sätt förknippas med internet (försäljning, marknadsföring etc)
• Preparat som till en början saluförs som lagliga preparat (sk legal higs) även om de senare blir olagliga
• Nya psykoaktiva substanser, NPS (den nya benämning som används av EMCDDA, FHI m fl numera)
278 nya substanser i EWS 2005–201342 jan-sept 2013
278 nya substanser i EWS 2005–20135 stora grupper och ”övrigt” som består bl a av...
Nya Psykoaktiva Substanser
Spice
Butylon
MDPV
Flefedron
Metedron
Mefedron
Katinoner Syntetiska cannabionider
Hallucinogerner
BonzaiJamaican Gold
Vegas
AM-2201AM-694
MetoxetaminNafyron
RCS-4 Ortho Isomer
Centralstimulerande
BZP
Metylon
4-FMC
4-MEC (4-MethylEthylChatinone)
Bromo-Dragonfly
DXM
DOI
5-MEO-DALT
Tryptaminer
4-Ho-Met
Kratom Krypton
Jah rush
OpiaterJWH-018 JWH-073
6-APB
AM-2233 4-EMC
Drogerfarenheter. Gymnasiets år 2. 2012/2013Ungdomar som använder nätdroger - vilka är de? (CAN rapport nr 137)
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Drogerfarenheter.,Gymnasiets,år,2.,2012/2013,
Drogerfarenheter bland gymnasieelever totalt respektive bland dem som använt nätdroger. Gymnasiets år 2. 2012/2013Ungdomar som använder nätdroger - vilka är de? (CAN rapport nr 137)
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Riskfaktorer för normbrytande beteenden bland gymnasiepojkar totalt respektive bland dem som använt nätdroger. Gymnasiets år 2. 2012/2013 Ungdomar som använder nätdroger - vilka är de? (CAN rapport nr 137)
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Riskfaktorer för normbrytande beteenden bland gymnasieflickor totalt respektive bland dem som använt nätdroger. Gymnasiets år 2. 2012/2013 Ungdomar som använder nätdroger - vilka är de? (CAN rapport nr 137)
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Flickor (totalt), Gy 2 Flickor som använt nätdroger
ESPAD (Svenska undersökningen 2011)
ESPAD (Svenska undersökningen 2011)
Använt&spice&
Bara$spice$
Även$cannabis$
Använt spiceBara spice
26Även cannabis
122Tot
148
ESPAD (Svenska undersökningen 2011)
Använt&cannabis&
Bara$cannabis$
Även$spice$
Använt cannabisBara cannabis
121Även spice
122Tot
243
British Crime Survey 2010/2011
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/11 British Crime Survey
More recently, a question was added to the 2010/11 BCS on mephedrone to gather information about its prevalence. Legislation was passed on 16 April 2010 under the Misuse of Drugs Act to control mephedrone as a Class B substance.
Due to the time period covered by the interviews (April 2010 to March 2011), the legality of the drugs asked about will differ depending on the time period respondents are asked questions.
Preliminary estimates of use of Spice (or another cannabinoid), BZP, GBL/GHB and khat based on six months data for those aged 16 to 59 and 16 to 24 were published in Hoare and Moon (2010). With the availability of 2010/11 BCS data it has been possible to produce estimates for the prevalence of all the above drugs using a full 12 months data.
Table 2a Proportion of 16 to 59 year olds by age band reporting last year use of recently classified drugs1, 2010/11
Percentages England and Wales, BCS
All Adults aged 16 to 24
Adults aged 25 to 59
Spice (and other cannabinoids) 0.2 0.4 0.1BZP 0.1 0.2 0.0GBL/GHB 0.0 0.1 0.0Khat 0.2 0.3 0.1Mephedrone 1.4 4.4 0.6
Unweighted base 1 27,450 3,667 23,7831. Base numbers relate to Spice use. Bases for other drug measures will be similar.
Adults aged 16 to 59
Levels of mephedrone use are relatively high when compared with other drugs asked about in the 2010/11.7 At 1.4 per cent, the level of use for adults aged 16 to 59 is similar to that for ecstasy (also 1.4% BCS), the third most prevalent drug in this age group. For adults aged 16 to 24, the level of mephedrone use (4.4%) was similar to powder cocaine (4.4%), the second most taken drug within this age group (Tables 2a, 2.2 and 2.6).
Adults aged 16 to 24 had higher rates of prevalence for both mephedrone (4.4%) and spice (and other cannabinoids; 0.4%) than adults aged 16 to 59 (0.6% and 0.1% respectively; Table 2a).
Analysis has been undertaken to see whether respondents who had used mephedrone in the last year had taken any other drugs in the same time period. This was to explore whether those who had used mephedrone were a new group of users, or whether it was an additional or substitute drug taken by existing users. The 2010/11 BCS showed that of those who used mephedrone in the last year, 91 per cent had taken any other illicit drug in the last year. Within this, 72 per cent had taken cannabis in the last year, 53 per cent had taken any cocaine, while 48 per cent had taken ecstasy (data not shown). As these figures show that the majority of respondents who had taken mephedrone in the last year have also taken another drug, it is likely that it is existing users of drugs that are taking mephedrone rather than new users drawn to drug taking.
7 Mephedrone at present has not been added to the basket of drugs that make up the BCS trend measure of illicit drugs.
22
British Crime Survey 2010/2011
Percentages England and Wales, 2010/11 BCSClass A/B Class C Not classi ed
Powder cocaine
Ecstasy Hallucin-ogens
Ampheta-mines
Cannabis Mephe-drone
Ketamine Amyl nitrite
ALL ADULTS AGED 16 to 59 2.1 1.4 0.6 1.0 6.8 1.4 0.6 1.0 3.0 3.5 8.8 27,167
Age16-19 3.1 2.6 1.4 2.6 20.0 4.4 1.3 2.8 5.1 6.9 23.0 1,46320-24 5.4 4.6 2.0 2.4 15.0 4.4 2.6 2.1 7.8 8.2 18.4 2,15825-29 4.7 2.8 0.8 1.7 10.1 2.2 1.0 1.2 5.9 6.5 13.9 2,77130-34 3.0 1.5 0.4 1.0 6.1 1.2 0.4 1.0 3.9 4.5 8.7 3,06335-44 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.7 3.7 0.3 0.2 0.5 1.6 1.9 5.4 7,24745-54 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.8 2.7 7,10255-59 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.6 3,363
16-24 4.4 3.8 1.7 2.5 17.1 4.4 2.1 2.4 6.6 7.6 20.4 3,62125-59 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.7 4.2 0.6 0.3 0.6 2.0 2.4 5.8 23,546
SexMen 3.0 1.9 0.8 1.3 9.3 2.0 0.8 1.5 4.2 4.8 12.0 12,316Women 1.3 0.9 0.3 0.8 4.4 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.8 2.1 5.7 14,851
Ethnic groupWhite 2.4 1.5 0.6 1.1 7.2 1.5 0.7 1.1 3.2 3.9 9.4 24,609Non-White 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.2 4.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.8 5.1 2,549
Mixed 3.0 3.7 1.1 0.9 17.7 2.6 4.1 2.5 5.3 4.7 19.2 282Asian or Asian British 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 3.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.4 3.7 1,102Black or Black British 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 4.6 700Chinese or other 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.8 0.7 2.4 465
Marital statusMarried 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.9 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.8 2.7 11,995Cohabiting 2.6 1.5 0.5 1.4 7.2 0.9 0.5 1.2 3.4 4.2 9.9 3,516Single 4.5 3.3 1.4 2.2 14.5 3.5 1.7 2.1 6.5 7.5 18.1 7,955Separated 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.8 5.0 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.9 2.3 6.6 1,076Divorced 0.9 0.3 0.1 0.5 3.4 0.2 0.0 0.6 1.2 1.6 4.8 2,290Widowed 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 328
Respondent's employment statusIn employment 2.1 1.3 0.4 0.8 5.7 1.2 0.5 0.9 2.7 3.2 7.7 20,695Unemployed 3.5 2.5 0.7 2.8 15.1 2.7 1.1 1.8 5.2 6.1 17.7 1,244Economically inactive 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.5 9.3 1.9 1.2 1.0 3.4 3.9 11.1 5,183
Student 3.6 3.9 2.3 2.5 17.2 4.6 3.3 2.3 6.5 7.3 19.4 1,004Looking after family/home 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.9 3.9 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.5 5.0 1,901Long-term/temporarily sick/ill 1.8 0.4 0.5 1.2 8.3 0.8 0.2 0.6 3.3 3.2 11.5 1,417Retired 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 1.3 414Other inactive 2.7 1.1 0.7 2.2 7.4 1.4 0.0 0.5 3.2 3.5 8.6 447
Respondent's occupationManagerial & professional occupations 2.0 1.0 0.2 0.5 4.2 0.9 0.4 0.8 2.4 2.9 6.2 9,806Intermediate occupations 1.8 1.1 0.4 0.8 4.7 0.7 0.4 0.9 2.3 2.7 6.3 5,345Routine & manual occupations 2.2 1.2 0.6 1.3 7.4 1.2 0.4 0.8 3.1 3.6 9.5 9,420Never worked & long-term unemployed 1.4 1.3 0.5 1.9 8.4 2.0 0.8 0.8 2.3 3.0 10.7 785Full-time students 3.2 3.8 1.9 2.1 17.8 4.7 2.5 2.2 5.9 6.8 20.4 1,617Not classi ed 2.8 2.3 0.7 2.1 5.7 2.8 0.7 0.4 4.4 4.9 7.0 194
Highest quali cationDegree or diploma 2.0 1.3 0.6 0.7 5.2 1.1 0.7 1.0 2.8 3.1 7.3 10,652Apprenticeship or A/AS level 3.2 2.4 0.7 1.5 9.4 2.5 1.1 1.3 4.3 5.1 11.6 5,320O level/GCSE 1.9 1.0 0.5 1.1 8.1 1.5 0.4 1.0 2.8 3.5 10.2 6,685Other 1.2 0.9 0.4 0.8 4.6 1.1 0.3 0.0 1.6 1.5 5.5 873None 1.4 0.7 0.5 1.4 5.8 0.5 0.1 0.3 2.1 2.4 7.5 3,618
Long-standing illness or disability Long-standing illness or disability 2.4 1.1 0.7 1.6 7.6 1.4 0.4 1.0 3.4 3.9 10.1 5,088
Limits activities 2.1 0.9 0.7 1.4 7.4 1.1 0.2 0.6 3.1 3.2 9.7 3,235Does not limit activities 3.0 1.2 0.7 2.0 8.0 1.8 0.7 1.5 3.8 5.0 10.7 1,848
No long-standing illness or disability 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.9 6.7 1.4 0.7 1.0 2.9 3.4 8.6 22,067
Number of evening visits to pub/winebar in past monthNone 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.4 3.9 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.9 1.1 4.9 10,9571 to 3 visits 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.9 5.8 1.0 0.5 0.8 2.5 3.0 7.7 9,5334 to 8 visits 4.1 3.1 0.9 1.6 10.4 2.2 1.1 1.7 5.7 6.5 13.8 5,0239 or more visits 7.8 5.4 2.6 3.7 19.2 7.4 3.5 3.4 10.1 11.6 23.4 1,652
Number of visits to nightclubin past monthNone 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.6 4.6 0.6 0.2 0.5 1.6 1.9 6.0 23,6171 to 3 visits 6.6 5.0 1.8 2.8 16.6 4.1 2.4 3.1 9.1 10.7 21.1 2,9114 or more visits 9.9 9.0 3.4 4.5 25.8 10.8 5.1 4.2 13.7 15.1 32.8 638
Perception of people using ordealing drugsVery/fairly big problem 2.6 1.4 0.5 1.5 8.2 1.6 0.6 1.3 3.7 4.4 10.6 7,280Not a problem 2.0 1.4 0.6 0.9 6.4 1.3 0.7 0.9 2.8 3.2 8.3 19,078
Experience of crime in the last yearVictim of any BCS crime 3.0 2.2 1.1 1.8 10.4 2.4 1.3 1.4 4.4 5.2 13.0 6,411Not victim of BCS crime 1.8 1.1 0.4 0.8 5.6 1.1 0.4 0.8 2.5 2.9 7.4 20,756
Frequency of alcohol consumptionduring the past monthNot a drink in the last month 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.3 2.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.6 3.2 3,146Less than a day a week 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.4 4.7 0.7 0.2 0.4 1.3 1.5 6.1 8,9851-2 days a week 2.8 1.9 0.7 1.4 8.8 1.5 0.6 1.3 4.0 4.9 11.4 8,3593 or more days a week 4.0 2.7 1.2 1.9 9.6 3.0 1.6 1.7 5.2 5.9 12.3 6,504
Table 2.9 Proportion of 16 to 59 year olds reporting use of illicit drugs 1 in the last year , by personal characteristics 2
Class A Class B Any Class A
drug 3
Any stimulant
drug 4
Any drug 5
Unweighted base 6
1. Individual drugs included in this table are most prevalent and therefore have a su cient number of users to ensure robust subgroup analysis.2. See Section 7 of the User Guide for de nitions of personal characteristics.
7. See Appendix 1 for details on classi cation based on the Misuse of Drugs Act.
3. 'Any Class A drug' comprises powder cocaine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, LSD, magic mushrooms, heroin and methadone plus methamphetamine since 2008/09 interviews.4. 'Any stimulant drug' comprises powder cocaine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, amphetamines and amyl nitrite plus methamphetamine since 2008/09 interviews.5. 'Any drug' comprises powder cocaine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, LSD, magic mushrooms, ketamine, heroin, methadone, amphetamines, methamphetamine, cannabis, tranquillisers, anabolic steroids, amyl nitrite, any other pills/powders/drugs smoked.6. Base numbers relate to any drug use. Bases for other drug measures will be similar.
32
Youth attitudes on drugs Flash Eurobarometer juli 2011
Flash&EB&No&330&�&Youth&attitudes&on&drugs&& Analytical&report
page&18&
Q9. How'difficult'or'easy'do'you'think'it'would'be'for'you'personally'to'obtain'the'following'substances'within'24'hours'if'you'wanted'some?
Base:&all respondents,&%&by&EU27
Ease of'acces to certain substances (if desired)
82 14 2AlcoholVery&easy Fairly&easy Fairly&difficult Very&difficult Impossible [DK/NA]
78
77
20
6
6
5
17
17
26
13
13
8
2
2
18
25
24
21
1
2
16
29
29
36
1
2
15
22
22
25
Young&people&who had&used cannabis&in the
past yearYoung&people who had&never used&cannabis
Young&people&who had&used cannabis&but¬&in&the&past&year
92
94
58
15
15
8
7
5
33
18
19
9
1
6
33
32
24
2
23
22
39
8
8
17
Alcohol
Tobacco
Cannabis
Cocaine
Ecstasy
Heroin
93
94
48
14
11
6
7
6
34
15
15
8
0
0
9
28
28
23
0
0
7
25
27
38
0
0
2
15
16
22
1.3$Experience$with$new$substances$that$imitate$the$effects$of$illicit$drugs$ A large number of new unregulated compounds that imitate the effects of illicit drugs (so-called new ����������� ���������� ��� ��� ��� �� ����� ����� �������� �n recent years. This is the first time that a �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������� ��responses to this question should be interpreted with caution as this category of substances could be understood to encompass a great variety of substances. Overall, 5% of young EU citizens participating in the survey reported having used new substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs.
Experience'with'psychoactivesubstances
95
5 0No,&I&never&usedsuch&substances
Yes,&I&have&usedsuch&substances
[DK/NA]
Where'were'young'people offered'such'substances?
54
36
33
7
7
I&was&offered&such&substancesby&a&friend
I&was&offered&such&substancesduring&a&party&or&in&a&club
I&bought&such&substances&in&aspecialised&shop
I&bought&such&substances&overthe&Internet
[Other]
Q6.'Where'were'you'offered'such'substances?Base:&those&who&had&used&new psychoactive substances
%&of&mentions by EU27
Q5.'In'certain'countries'some'new'substances'that'imitate'the'effects'of'illicit'drugs'are'being'sold'as'legal'substances'
in'the'form'of'E for'example'E powders,'tablets/pills'or'herbs.'Have'you'ever'used'such'substances?
Base:&all respondents,&%&by EU27 A slim majority (54%) of respondents � who had used legal substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs � said a friend had offered them such substances and more than a third (36%) were offered such substances at a party or in a club. A third of these respondents had bought such substances in a specialised shop and less than a tenth (7%) had bought these via the Internet.
Youth attitudes on drugs Flash Eurobarometer juli 2011
Analytical)report) Flash)EB)No)330)�)Youth)attitudes)on)drugs))
) ) ) page)19)
Country variations In most EU countries, not more than 1 in 20 young people reported having used legal substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs. In the UK, Latvia and Poland, self-reported use of these substances was close to 10%. Respondents in Ireland were by far the most likely to say they have used new substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs (16%).
100 99 99 98 98 98 97 97 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 95 95 95 94 94 93 93 93 91 91 9084
0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 5 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 9 16
0
20
40
60
80
100
MT IT FI
EL
CY
HU
RO
SK
BG
DE
DK
NL
CZ
BE
SE
AT
ES
EU27
FR
LT
PT
EE SI
LU
UK
LV
PL IE
No,CICneverCusedCsuchCsubstances Yes,CIChaveCusedCsuchCsubstances [DK/NA]
Q5.$In$certain$countries$some$new$substances$that$imitate$the$effects$of$illicit$drugs$are$being$sold$as$legal$substances$in$the$form$of$8 for$example$8 powders,$tablets/pills$or$herbs.$Have$you$ever$used$such$substances?
Base:Call respondents,C%Cby country
Experience$with$legal$substances$that$imitate$the$effects$of$illicit$drugs
Socio-demographic considerations Across all socio-demographic groups, a small proportion, between 3% and 7% of interviewees, said they have used legal substances that imitate the effects of illicit drugs. Furthermore, across all groups, the largest proportion of young people � who had used such substances � said they had been offered them by a friend; for example, the proportion selecting this response varied between 43% for respondents living in metropolitan areas and 60% for respondents in rural areas and for 19-21 year-olds. Other differences seen across socio-demographic groups were, for example, that older respondents were more likely than their younger counterparts to have been offered such substances at a party or in a club (41% of 22-24 year-olds vs. 32% of 15-18 year-olds) and that specialised shops were more popular � as a way of obtaining such new psychoactive substances � among respondents who had completed their higher education (41% vs. 27% among those who had only completed their primary education at the time of the survey). For further details, see annex tables 12b and 13b.
Tillgänglighet
• Såklart kan man köpa droger på nätet, precis som man kan köpa av kompisar, langare... Detta gäller såväl nya som gamla substanser.
• På frågan ”hur svårt / lätt skulle det vara för dig att inom 24 timmar få tag på hasch/marijuana” svarar 29 % av eleverna i åk 9 och 43% av eleverna i åk 2 på gymnasiet ganska lätt eller mycket lätt. (CANs rapport Skolelevers drogvanor, 2010)
• I stängda forum på internet, mer som traditionell langning, förekommer försäljning av alla typer av illegala preparat.
• Det är möjligt men olagligt att beställa substanser från utlandet som är legala där men illegala i Sverige.
• Det är möjligt att köpa substanser som är lagliga i Sverige, men de kan beslagtas och förstöras... med stöd av den ny sk förstörandelagen.
Risker med nya psykoaktva substanser
1.Bara för att en substans är laglig att köpa / sälja / inneha så betyder inte det att den är säker / ofarlig.
2.Kunskapen ökar hela tiden kring dessa substanser och det framkommer mer och mer information om att det finns skaderisker, en del påminner om de skador som kokain, ecstacy och amfetamin kan ge.
3.Risker / effekter / skador kan vara försämrat omdöme, yrsel, hjärtklappningar, ångest, kramper, temperaturstegring och dödsfall.
4.Riskerna ökar om man samtidigt använder alkohol eller andra droger.
5.Det finns risk att substanser som marknadsförs som lagliga innehåller olagliga ämnen.
Framtida utmaningar
• Snabb upptäckt för att få snabb information
• Bästa tillgängliga kunskap, vad innebär det?
• Lagstiftning
• Organiserad brottslighet och NPS
• Ökad kunskap och beredskap
• Nya substanser, nya insatser? Eller funkar funkar de gamla metoderna?
För mer information
Nicklas Kartengren,[email protected]/kartengren
www.can.sewww.drugsmart.comwww.emcdda.eu