ob session 7- ta

8/4/2019 OB Session 7- TA

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What do you see?

Now what do you see?

Copyright Allyn & Bacon 2005


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Sensation and Perception

Sensation The process through which the senses pick up

visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli and

transmit them to the brain; sensory information thathas registered in the brain but has not beeninterpreted

Perception

The process by which sensory information isactively organized and interpreted by the brain

A process by which individuals organize andinterpret their sensory impressions in order to givemeaning to their environment.
http://www.dilbert.com/comics/dilbert/archive/images/dilbert2052347060711.gif


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http://www.dilbert.com/comics/dilbert/archive/images/dilbert2003053760802.gif


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I think, therefore I am(17th century, the French philosopher Ren Descartes )


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Our Social Interactions..


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.Our social interactions define our behavior

TA is a model for explaining why and how:

People think like they do

People act like they do

People interact/communicate with others

Based on Games People Play(Dr. Eric Berne)

Im OK- -Youre OK(Dr. Thomas Harris)

Transactional analysis is a theory about personality, personality

development and communication. The ideas of transactionalanalysis (TA) were developed by Eric Berne and popularized

through his books.

TA provides models to observe and understand communication ineveryday interaction.


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Transactional Analysis

Ego States

Ego State Problems Transactions

Four Life Positions

Life Scripts (Games)


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Our Brain (according to Berne)

Determines what we think and how we act

Acts like a tape recorder while recording

1) Events2) Associated feelings

Has 3 distinct parts or ego states

1) Parent2) Adult

3) Child


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Transactional AnalysisEgo States

Parent

Adult

Child

Nurturing - comforting, soothing, considerateCritical - Stern, forbidding, blaming

Natural - fun loving, not under influence of internal parent.Adapted (Compliant) - listening to and attempting to

please the internal parent.Rebel (strong-willed) - Acting to oppose the internal parent.

Logical, calm, decisive, reality-centered


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"I not only remember how

I felt, I feel the same waynow" - Dr. Thomas HarrisBoth the eventand the feelings experienced during that eventarestored in the brain. The event and the feelings are locked together, andneither one can be recalled without the other.


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And it is these collisions and

interactions between these

personality factions(groups)that manifest themselves as an

individual's thoughts, feelings,

and behaviors.


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Parent Ego State

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioral patterns basedon messages or lessons learned from parents and otherparental or authoritarian sources

Shoulds and should nots; oughts and ought nots; always

and never Prejudicial views (not based on logic or facts) on thingssuch as:

religion dress salespeopletraditions work products

money raising children companies Nurturing views (sympathetic, caring views) Critical views (fault finding, judgmental, condescending

views)


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Adult Ego State

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioralpatterns based on objective analysis ofinformation (data, facts)

Make decisions based on logic,computations, probabilities, etc. (notemotion)


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Child Ego State

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioralpatterns based on child-like emotions,impulses, feelings we have experienced

Child-like examples

Impulsive

Self-centeredAngryFearful

Happy

Pleasure seekingRebelliousHappy

Curious

Eager to please


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Human Interaction Analysis

A transaction = any interaction orcommunication between 2 people

People send and receive messages out of andinto their different ego states

How people say something (what others hear?)just as important as what is said

Types of communication, interactions1) Complementary

2) Crossed

3) Ulterior


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Transactional Analysis -Transactions

A transaction is either a verbal or non-verbalexchange between two or more individuals.

TransactionStimulus TransactionResponse

P

A

C

P

A

C27 possiblecombinations


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when an individual is speaking, thelistener focuses on the following three

types of communication:Actual Words - 7%

The Way words are delivered (tone,accents on certain words, etc.) - 38%

Facial expressions - 55%


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Complementary Transactions

Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriateand expected from another person.

Parallel communication arrows, communicationcontinues.

Example 1: #1 What is the time now ?

#2 11:15.

P

A

C

P

A

C


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Complementary Transactions

contdExample 2:

P

A

C

P

A

C

#1 Youre late again!

#2 Im sorry. It wonthappen again.


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Crossed Transactions

Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriate orexpected from another person.

Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown.

Example 1 #1 What is the time now ?

#2 Theres a clock on the wall, why dont youfigure it out yourself?

P

A

C

P

A

C


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Crossed Transactions contd

Example 2 #1 Youre late again!

#2 Yeah, I know, I had a flat tire.

P

A

C

P

A

C


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Ulterior Transactions

Interactions, responses, actions which aredifferent from those explicitly stated

Example Customer: And, what is the price for this tie?

Salesman: Oh, that does not suit your taste Sir.

(You Cheapo, you cannot afford this expensive attire)

P

A

C

P

A

C


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Transactional Analysis -Transactions Life Positions

We adopt behavior and attitudes from the day we areborn. Attitudes are formed about others and oneself basedon the displayed behaviors and attitudes of parents in our earlychildhood. These observations from the child program away to view the world that becomes our life position in a givensituation.

YOURE OK

IM OK IM NOT OK

YOURE NOT OK

Get away fromGet on with

Get nowhere withGet rid of

The OK Corral


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Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Life Positions

Man (Doorbell, footsteps, door opens) Yes, what can Ido for you?

Solicitor Good evening, sir. Im Fred Forrest of the Brownfor President Campaign and we are in theneighborhood for the . . .

Man (Interrupting) Brown who?

Solicitor Why, Rich Brown -- Oh, by the way, I hope Imnot interrupting anything.

Man I dont know Rich Brown, and you AREinterrupting my favorite TV show. Besides, if itsmoney you want, I dont believe in handouts!

Solicitor Well, Im not here for the purpose of campaigncontributions -- even though we need all the funds wecan get -- what we need is your support . . .

Man (Interrupting) I support my family and thats all Ive gottime for, so GOOD NIGHT! (door slams)

YOURE OK

YOURE NOT OK

IM OK IM NOT OK

A B

C D

Situation


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Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Life Positions

YOURE OK

YOURE NOT OK

IM OK IM NOT OK

A B

C D

Situation Man (Nervously) Yes, Officer, is there something wrong?

Policeman Im Officer Tom Hanlon of the Police Department andwhile I was driving by, I noticed that a car wasblocking the driveway and wanted to ask if youwould like us to have it towed away for you.

Man (nervously) Why, Sir, that's my car.

Policeman Fine, heres a parking ticket. You have one weekto pay the fine for illegal parking.

Man (nervously) You mean . . . I cant park in front ofmy own driveway?

Policeman No, not in front of your own driveway or anyoneelses driveway.

Man Ill move my car right away, Officer, and I assureyou it wont happen again.

Policeman Thank you, and good evening.


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Games are used to avoid authenticity, tostructure time, or to fulfill basic life

positions and to ensure the maintenanceof the life script. Games can be classifiedaccording to life positions.

Transactional Analysis -Transactions - Games


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Blaming Others

1. If it werent for you I could get some workdone.

2. Now see what you made me do Its your fault, not mine.

3. Uproar A shouting, accusinggame.

4. Look how hard Ive tried Are you so blind that you

cant see how valuableI am.

5. Look what your doing to me See the bags under myeyes, my recent divorce.

Purpose: To proveYOURE NOT OK


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Saving Others

1. Im only trying to help you Are you so dumb thatyou wont follow my advice.

2. What would you do without Im so valuable -- youdme? probably just shrivel up

and die.

3. Why dont you - Yes, but Why didnt you plan ahead?Yes, but I couldnt because

Bill ... Why didn't you ask Billto...? I could have but thenI would have to ... so thatwouldnt have worked. Did

you try ... Yes, but etc.


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Finding Fault

Mines better My idea. my house, my car,my spouse, my job. etc.

Blemish Your report was fine, Bob, butyou missed a comma on page 15.

Corner You have all this work to do withrigid time schedules that youcouldnt possibly meet. Now Iwant you to make sure that youdo this extra work, or Ill have tofind someone who can.


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Purpose: To proveIM NOT OK Provoking Put-Downs

Kick me You didnt say the reportwas due Friday, you said...

Stupid Oh Mr. Jones, you know that urgentletter that you needed mailed lastFriday? I just found it right here in

my desk.

Cops and robbers Extortion, embezzlement, pettythievery, hacking

Debtor I know my third payment is pastdue, but ...


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Enjoying Misery

Poor me Ive got so much work to do and noone to help and now my car broke

down and my kids are giving me fitsand ...

Youll have to take I dont like me either, but were allme as I am stuck with it.

Lush Im so depressed I need a drink andIm always so hung-over I cantbe effective.


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Stroking

A stroke is a unit of recognition, when oneperson recognizes another person eitherverbally or non verbally.

recognition-hungeras a requirement ofadults to receive strokes.

Any stroke, be it positive or negative, is

better than no strokes at all.


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ob session 7- ta

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