observing the earth

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Observing the Earth AGI Conference, November 13 th 2014 Sir Mark Walport Chief Scientific Adviser to HM Government

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Observing the Earth

AGI Conference, November 13th 2014

Sir Mark WalportChief Scientific Adviser to HM Government

2 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Humans have had a very long relationship

with maps

Babylonian Imago

Mundi, c.500BC

Hereford Mappa Mundi, c.1300 Bowen & Owen, from

Britanica Depicta, 1720

Public Domain Public Domain Public Domain

3 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Humans and animals both navigate the

world

Credit: Viewpoint/Phenosys

4 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Specialist cells in the brain handle

navigation

• Human and animal brains

record locations visited

and link them to

memories, forming a

“GPS system”.

• Place cells are linked to

single locations, grid cells

track movement between

locations.

Credit: MGH Human Connectome Project Acquisition Team

Credit: Stuartlayton/CC BY-SA 3.0

5 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Their discovery recently won a Nobel Prize

• Professor John O’Keefe

(UCL) discovered place

cells in 1971.

• In 2014 he was awarded

the Nobel Prize for

Medicine, along with

Edvard and May-Britt

Moser, who discovered

grid cells in 2005. Credit: UCL

6 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

• Wellbeing, health, resilience &

security

• Knowledge translated to economic

advantage

• The right science for emergencies

• Underpinning policy with evidence

• Advocacy and leadership for

science

Priorities for the Government Chief

Scientific Adviser

Credit: iStockphoto

7 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Wellbeing: mapping deprivation and need

Charles Booth, 1889 OpenDataCommunities, 2014

8 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Wearable GPS tech has transformed the

health and fitness market

• Strava is an app for

runners and cyclists,

tracking both distance

and speed.

• Not only can you record

your route, but you can

compete with other

people.

• It operates on a

“freemium” business

model. Credit: Strava

9 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

This graph not only shows how many people were woken up by the

earthquake, but also the “collective anxiety” – how many stayed

awake for the rest of the night.

Fitness bracelets also collect data during

emergencies, such as earthquakes

10 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

11 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Mapping of past military campaigns: Napoleon’s

disastrous march on Moscow, 1812

12 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Tactical level analysis: Ditch & Flow in Helmand

Tribal Distributions

Population density

Population movements

Terrain Elevation Data

Topographic Data

Combined Operating Picture

Oceanographic Data

Hydrographic Data

Meteorological Data

Aeronautical Data

Geodetic Data

Source: Sir

Stuart Peach,

Cambridge

Conference

2013CrawlStalkWalk

Mapping in modern military operations

13 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Mapping and resilience: diseases

1854: Mapping Cholera 2014: Mapping Ebola

14 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Mapping and resilience: threats

• Government does

complex mapping of

threats to our security.

• Released publicly as

FCO travel advice, as

here.

• Can we predict

instability from

economic, political

and social media

maps?

15 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Increasing use of satellite and UAV data, e.g.

for agriculture and climate science

16 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Remote monitoring can help plan food

security and the global economy

Length of the growing season, calculated from optical

depth of vegetation

17 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Resilience Direct: a new tool for use by

government and emergency responders

18 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

How do mapping services help businesses

and the economy?

From a January 2013 report by

Oxero:

• Global revenue from geo services

is $150-270 billion per year (one

third the size of the global airline

industry)

• Geo services save 1.1 billion

hours of global travel time every

year, and 3.5 billion litres of fuel

• Faster emergency response from

geo services saves around 150

lives per year in England alone

19 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Popular consumer goods like smartphones

and smartwatches rely on mapping

Credit: koya979/Fotolia Credit: Apple

20 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

There will be more and more geo-enabled

devices: the Internet of Things

Healthcare

Smart Meters

Transport

Credit: Masimo

Credit: Hyginex Credit: Vigilant

Credit: google

Credit: HiKoB

Credit: ComEd

Credit: jamieonline

21 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

The UK is leading Europe in IoT tech

• IoT companies in

Europe shown.

• GO-Science IoT

report to be released

in December.

• How can we position

geo-services, within

and outside

government, to do

the best for both

science and the

economy?

22 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Credit: bizbuzz

23 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Augmented reality: adding mapping

information to visual input in real time

24 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Combining social media data with mapping

25 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

But careless use of geo-data poses threats

to personal privacy

One customer’s Boris bike use, as released openly by

TfL. Possibility of identifying an individual.

26 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Privacy controls are not binary but fall

on spectra

ObfuscationOpenly identifiable

Anonymised to the

point of losing

valuable content

Access / EnvironmentFree on the

internet

Locked in a steel-

lined room

Governance and

accountabilityLittle legislation Highly legislated

(Everyone) (Accredited researcher)

27 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Will autonomous vehicles and IoT mean the

end of geographic skills?

Mapping and navigation used to be a specialist trade:

now we expect this service to be provided automatically

Credit: Fairfax Media/Getty Images Credit: ULTra PRT

28 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Government funding skills and capability for

the future: The Turing Institute

The Mission

1. To undertake research and

knowledge sharing in the key

disciplines of mathematics,

computer and data science

2. To develop networks between

leaders

3. To enable industry and academia to

work together on research with

practical applications

4. To provide advice to policy makers

on the wider implications of

research

5. To provide strategic oversight and

leadership

The vision

1. Promote the development

and use of advanced

mathematics, computer science

and algorithms for human benefit

2. Conduct first class research and

development

3. It will be a world leading

institute that will provide a fitting

memorial to Alan Turing

Credit: Duane Wessels/CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

29 Observing the Earth– AGI, November 13th 2014

Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. We apologise for any errors or omissions in the included attributions and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future versions of this slide set. We can be contacted through [email protected].

@uksciencechief

www.gov.uk/go-science