지역사회 중심의 심리사회적 지지 · 2020. 3. 11. · 10 17 27 41 51 63 75 93 103...

59
참가자용 Community-based psychosocial support 지역사회 중심의 심리사회적 지지 “마음을 나누는 이야기” 국제적십자사연맹

Upload: others

Post on 31-Jan-2021

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT


Participant’s book

Programme, PSP) , 2004
(International Reference Center for Psychosocial Support/PS center)
.
, , , , ,
, , , , , .
.
(Psychosocial support) ,
, .

, , , ,
,
, HIV/AIDS
.
2010

.

.
,
.

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies/ IFRC 10
1. (CRISIS EVENTS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT) 17
? 18 ? 20
23 24
3. (LOSS AND GRIEF) 41
? 41 42 – 45 – 47 ? 49
2. (STRESS AND COPING) 27
27 28 , , (PTSD) 32 33 35 37

51 52
53 54 55
57 61
: IFRC 110
6. (CHILDREN) 75
75 77 79 81 81 82 83
7. (SUPPORTING VOLUNTEER AND STAFF) 93
93 94
96 97 99
103
5. (PSYCHOLOGICAL FIRST AID AND SUPPORTIVE COMMUNICATION) 63
64 65
72 73
10
17
27
41
51
63
75
93
103

The InTernaTIonal FederaTIon oF red Cross and red CresCenT soCIeTIes/ IFrC
1. CrIsIs eVenTs and PsYChosoCIal sUPPorT
2. sTress and CoPInG
3. loss and GrIeF
4. CoMMUnITY-Based PsYChosoCIal sUPPorT
5. PsYCholoGICal FIrsT aId and sUPPorTIVe CoMMUnICaTIon
6. ChIldren
7. sUPPorTInG VolUnTeer and sTaFF
GlossarY, sUGGesTIons For FUrTher readInG and anneX
11
The InTernaTIonal FederaTIon oF red Cross and red CresCenT soCIeTIes/ IFrC
, ,
, ,

. , , , ,
.

.
)
.
1859 -

. 4


,
.

,
.
(ICRC)
(Emblem)
,
.
Mission and Role
(IFRC)
.
, ,


. ‘

’.

60
,
.
. 4 .

.
,
.

,
.
,

.
.

.
Principles
.
,

.

, .
,
, .
• (Impartiality)
.


.

, ,
.
• (Independence)

.
• (Voluntary Service)
.
.
,
.
• (Universality)

.

.
,
.
1864 1
. 1876
1929
.

.
3 .
,
.

. 3

.


. ,
,

,
.
,
,

.
.
1991 (Health

1993
2004

.
12



,
.
PS

.

.

. (Sphere
Project)
IASC(Inter-Agency
Standing Committee/)
WHO, UNICEF,

IASC
. 2007
4
.

• ,
. PS

.



.
, (refresh
course) ,
.
,

.
, ‘F’
(Facts) .
1. CrIsIs eVenTs and PsYChosoCIal sUPPorT


.
, , ,

.
268
,
, ,
.
,
.

.

,


.

.
, “

.
,
.
.

.
17

.

.

,
.

,

.

.

.

.

.
.
?
?
?

. ,
, .

. , ,
,
.
1 1
19

( , ,
, ).
.

(BAM)
3 2 .
90% ,
, 10 .
,
.
.

. (Bam)
.
18



.

.
(Psychosocial
.


.
.

.

.

,
, .’
,
,
.

.
,
.


. 4
.
,
. , , , ,

. ‘’


.

.
.
,

,
. ‘’(trauma) ‘ ’
(traumatised) .


.


.
ISAC

.
‘(mental health)’

‘ ’(psychosocial well-
being)’
. ISAC
21

.
(Bounce Back) .
. (psychological)
. (social) ,
, ,
.
.
.

. .

.
.
,
.


.
, , ,
,
. , ,
.
. “
,
.
.”
, , ,
,

.
, .
.

.” .
20
,
,

.(P112 )
ISAC

.
1 ‘ ’
‘ ’ .


.

, HIV/AIDS ,

.
, ,


.


.
,
.

.
,
,

.

.
( ),
, , ,
,
,
,
.
,
,

.


.
, , ,

.

.

.
.
,
,

.
, , ,
.

.

.
.
1.
, , , ,
.



Community and family supports
.

.

,
.
3. , Focused supports

23 22
. , ,
.
.

. HIV/AIDS
.
4. Specialized services

.
,

.
• 1


.

.


.


. ,
, , ,

.

.

.
,
. , , , ,
.
, ,
.

.
. 2
.
25 24
, .

,




2. sTress and CoPInG

• ?

• : , , , (PTSD)
, ,
, , .

.
,
,
.




,
.
.
• (baseline)
.

.
• (strain)

.
• (shock)
.
27
, , .
.
MODULE 2
.
.
.
(,
)
.

,
.
, , .
(fight or flight)

. ‘ ’

. ‘ ’
, ,

.



.

.
. ‘ , ,
?’ ‘
?’
.

.
.
.

.
.

.
.
, , .

.
, .
, ,
, .
,

.


.
.
.
, 2004

,
.
,
.
,
, , (panic) .
29

.
.
. .
.
28
,

. ,
,
.


.
,
.
.

. ,

.
, , , TV ,
, .

(Trauma) ,
, , .
.
.
,
,

.
. ‘ ?’
. ,
.

. , ,
,
.
(mental)
.

. ,

.

.


6
.
.
, 6-8
.
.

.
.


.
,
.

.
.
.
31


.
.

, , .
,
.
.
, .
.

.

.
.
,

.

.
.


.

.
.

.
.
(depression),
(post-traumatic stress disorder/PTSD)
. 1
,

.
.
.

.
,
.

.


( , , ,
)
.

. , ,
.
(Recovery) .
.
. ,
,
.
.
.

.
.

.

.
, , ,
.

.
33
Anxiety
,
.
,
.
Depression
,
.
. ,

.


.
.
, )
, ,
PTSD
.
COPING
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
, , ,
,
.
, ,
DISSOCIATION
.

.
32
,
,
. .
.
.
,
.


. ,
,
.
ASSISTED COPING
.
.

.
.

.

.
, ,
.
.
(warmth), , ,
.
.

.

. .

.
.

, ,
.
.
,

.
.
,

.
.
.
35
.
2 .

.
.
.
,
.
.

.

.
.
.
. “
.
.
.”








. “
? “
?” .
,

.
.
.
, ,
.
, ,
.

.

.
.
,
.


.

.

.

.
,
.

. ,
,
.
3-4
,

.
,
,
.
6


.
.
. “
.
, .

. ,
. , ,
.
. ‘
.’ .
.
.
.”
RITUALS
.
,
. EMOTIONAL ADAPTATION

.
,
.
. 2
.
1 ,
.
36

(Chad) NGO

.
.

.
. ,
,

.

. ,
.

,
NGO

.
. , ,
(PTSD)

.
,
,
.


.





38





.

.
.
, , ,
, ,
.
.
.

.
5 7
. 5 , 7

.
.
,
.
. ,
, ,

.
.
,
.
41
.
.


.
.
,

. (2 ‘ ’ )

. ,
,

.
, ,
.
, ,
.
, ,

. , , , , , ,

.
.


.
.

.

.

.
.
.


,
.
,

. ,


.

.

. .
“ ?”

?” ,

.
,
.

.
.
(Katanga)
28
(Mukeya)
.

, , .


.
.
, . “
.
. ‘
?’ ‘ ?’
.” .
. ,
, .
42
45
,

.
.

.
.

. . ,


. ,
. ,

.

.
, ,
, .
,

.
.
,
.
.

,
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
.

.
(ICRC)

.
,

.

.
.
.

.

.

.
.

.
(Ina) (Alla)

.
.

. “
” . “

.”

.
. 44
47


.
.



. .
.
,
,
.
.

.

.
,
.

.

.
.

.


. , ,
,
. ,
.

,
.

.

,
.
.
,
,
,
, ,
.
,

.


.

.

.

.
.
, .
,
,
.
.
.

. , ,
.


.
.

.


BEREAVEMENT


.
.
.
, 6
,
.
.
46
49
.
.
,
,
.
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
, .
?
.

.
.
, ,
.
.

.


.
, , , ,
,
.


.


.
,
.

, ,
.

.
, .
5 , 6

.
.

.
.
“ .
.”
40~50
.
(DON’TS)
(DO)


• ‘ ’ ‘ ’



Group support
, ,
.
.

,
.



, ‘
’ ‘ ’
.
,
.
.
.
(Self help)
.

,
.
.


.
PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING

.
.


. ,
.
) , //
, ,
MODULE 4

.
,
.

.

.
, , ,

.
, ,
.

,
.
.

.
,
.

.
.
.

.
,
.

.


.
.


.
,
,
. ,

.

, .
,

.
, ,
.

.

, ,
. , ,
. ,
,
, , ,
.
EMPOWERMENT
.
PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING
.
.
53
.

,
.
4 4

.
.
.

.
.
, , , ‘
’ ,
.
.
,
.

.

. (1 )
. , , ,
, , ,

.
. , HIV/AIDS
.
.
.

, (, ,
) .
,
, ,
. IASC

. .

• , ,

• ,
• , ,


.

.

,

.
.
.
,
.

.
.
9
,
.
,
.
.
VULNERABLE GROUPS
. ) , , ,
, ,
, , , , , , ,

ADVOCACY
.

.


.

. NGO
, .
,
.
4 4


.

, , , ,

,
.


.


.

.

. (Peace
Schools) .
(reflection group)
(Guatemala) .
,
.
,
.
,
.
(intervention)

,
.
, ,
.


.
?
?
?
. , ,

. , ,

.
, , ,
.

.
, .

(Jauharimana)
.

.

.
, , ,
.

.
56
4 4
59
.
.

.

.

.
. HIV
AIDS
, HIV AIDS
.
HIV/AIDS
.
.


.
.

,
.

.
.

, ,
.
.

, ,
,
.

.

.
.

.
.

, ,
.
.
-

.

.

,
. (web)

.
58
4 4
61
,
.

.

.
.

,
.

.
.

.

.

. 6
.
Community mobilization
.

.
, , ,
,

.
.

,
.


.
4 4
5. PsYCholoGICal FIrsT aId and sUPPorTIVe CoMMUnICaTIon

.

,
.

. ,


. HIV/AIDS
HIV
.
,
.

.
.
.
.


. TV
“TV
.”, “
.” .

.
1) (Stay close).

.
.

,
.
2) (Listen attentively).

.

.
. ,
.

.
.
.

.

,
.
,
.
.
.
.
.

,

.


.

.
.

, , , ,
.


.

. ,
, .
,

.

.
. ,
, , ,
,
.
.
, , ,
.
• .
.
.
.
.
• ,
.

.
5 5
PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS
:
,

,
.
.
.

.

.

.

.
. .

. ,
. ,
. ,
. ,
. ,
.

. , , ,

.
.


.
.
,
.
,

. ,
.
(Provide general care and practical).
,

.
, ,

.
.
,
.

SUPPORTIVE COMMUNCATION
.

.

,
.

.
,
.


. , ,
, , ,
, , ,
.
.
,
.


.
,

.
.
.
66
5 5
69
?”
, ,
.

.
,
.
.
,
.
.
.
,

.
.

.
.
.

.
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.


.
.
.

.
. .
,
. ,
. “” “, ” “

V , A .
.
V : .
A : . … ( )
V : . . ( )
?
A : . .
… ( )… .
V : ?
A : . .
.
V : , , ?
A : . .
V : . ?
A : ( …) . .
V : .
V : ?
.
.
A : ?
V : .
.

“… .”
68
5 5
71
. “
.

.”

.
(face to face support) ,
.

,
.

(a sense of control) .


.
.
“/” .

.

.

.
.
.


.
.
,

.
.
, ,
.
‘ ’
.


. ,
,
.

.

.

.
.
.

.

.

. .

?”
1.
. “ .
.”
. ,
.
2. .
.
.
.
4. .
.
.
.
6. .

.
.

.

.
.
9.
.

.
5 5
73


.

. ,

.

.


.
.
.

.

,
.
,
.

, ,
.

.
.

,
.
.

.
. .
• ,
.
.
.
.
.

1. . .
2. . .
3. .
4. .
5. . . .
a. .
b. .
c. . .

. 2 ,
.
,
.

.
.
72
. ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
. ‘HIV/AIDS ’(People
Living with HIV/AIDS)
. 6

.
.
5 5
6. ChIldren



.
.

, ,

.

CHILDREN’S SAFETY
,

.
,
.
.
. , ,
,

. , , ,
,
, ,
,
.

. , ,
, , ,
, , ,
.
, , , ,
, ,
.

.

.

.

,
.
.


.
, ,
. (F
).
.

.
, ,
.
, , ,
, .

.
.
.
.
(Family violence)
, , .
, ,


.

.
(Emotional abouse)
. , ,
.

.
.
77



, , ,
,
, ,





, .
,
.

.

,
.
,
.
,
.
.

.

.
,
.
, .
,
, .
.


.

.
.
.

.

.
- .
- , , .
- .
.
.
, , , ,

.

.


.
, , ,
,

.
.

, , .
, , ,
, , , ,
.

,

.

.

.
,
, ,
.
,

.

79 78




.

.

.
.

.

, , ,
,
, ,

.
, , ,
, ,
. ,
, , .
, , , , , ,

.

.
.

.

.


.



. 6-8


.
, ,
.


.
.

.

.
–2
, , ,
. .
2-6
.
, , .
.
. .
.
6-10
. , ,
, .
. .

, .
.
.
, ,
.80
.
.
.

.
, ,
.

.

.
.

.

.

.

,
. ,
.

.
.

.
, ,
,
.

.
.
, ,

. , , ,
, , ,

.
.

.
.
.
,


.
.

.

.
(Pedro) .

,
.

.
.
SEPARATION ANxIETY
.
6 6
• , ( )
, , ,

.
.


.
, .
.
.
.
.


.

.
.
.
.
.

.
,
.


.
.
,
.
.
.

. , , ,

.
.
.
• ?
.
• ?
• ?
• ?
.
• ?
?
85 84

.
.”
.
.
• “
.”
.
• “ .”
.
• “ .”
.
• “ .”
,
.

.
.
.
,

,
.
.
6 6
.
• ?
?
?
,
.


.
.


, , .


. ,

.
, ,
.
. ,

.

.
.
.

. .

. .
.
.

.

.
.

. ,
,
.
.

.

.
,

.

.
.
,

.
,
.

.
.

.
,
.

.
DO NOT:
.
“ .”
“ .”
.
.
DO: ‘’() ,

.
.
.
DO: .
‘’, ‘’
.
.

. 12
.
6 6

.
.
. ,

.
.
.

,
.
,
.

.
.

.
.
.

.

.


.
.
, ,
.
,
.

.

.

,


.

.


.

, .
.

,


.
. 6
.
89 88
.
.
.

.

’ .

.


. 55

.
.

.
.

.
.
.
.
,
.

.
,
.
,
.

.
.
.

• : , ,
• : , ,
,

. “ 19 ‘ ,
,
, ·
, , , ,

’ .”
,
, .
.
,
,
. ,
, .

.
(ACT) .
. .
T(Take notes) : .
.

DO
• .
.”
• . “ .
.”
• . “, , ,
? ?”
• . “ ?”
!”
.”
7. sUPPorTInG VolUnTeers and sTaFF



.






,

.

.

.

.
.
HIV/AIDS


. , , ,
.



.
.
.


.

.
.

.
MODULE 7

.

.
.

.

.
, ,

.
, ,
,

.


.

.

.
.
.

.
,

.
.
,
.
, , , .

.
, , ,

.
, , ,
.
,

.
” , “ ”,

” , ”

.
.

” “

.

.

.
.

.

. .
.

.
.


.
95 94
7 7


.


.


.
,
.

. ‘
’(care for the carers).

.

.
.
• ,






.
.

,
.

.

.

NGO
.

. (2 )
,
.

.

. , ,

.
.
.
,
.
.

,
.

.

.
.
,

. 3

,
.

, .

.

.
97 96
7 7


.

.
.

.
.

.
Be available
.


.

, ,
.

.
. Provide information

. .
. Assist a
person to establish personal control
,

. .

.
. Give encouragement

.

.

.
.
.
,
.
.
.
, .



.

.
SELF-CARE
.
.
.


.
.
.

.
98

.

.
,
.
• -

” .
.

,
.
• 1 .
.
99
7 7

. .
• .
.
.
.
. , , ,
. .

.
.

.


. .

. .
.
(, ) .
,
.
100 101

.
.
.
1 -2 .”
SELF CARE
• .
.
• .
• .
7 7



.

. , ,
“”, “”, “
”, “ ?”
.

.
ADVOCACY

.
, ,
, (panic)
.
, .
,
.
APPROACH STRATEGIES
, .
AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES
,
. .
.

103
. 6
.
. ,
, .
BOUNCE BACk
BURNOUT
, , ,
, , , .
COMMUNITY
. ,
. ) ,
, ,
.
.
COPING
, , , .


.
, , ,
, ,
.
COUNSELING
.
,
.
CRISIS
.
, , ,

.
. ) ,
, , , , , ,
, .
DENIAL
.
DEPRESSION
, .
.
,
.
.
.
, .
,
. , , , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , ,
.

.
EMERGENCY
.
. , , .
, , , , ,
.
EMPATHY
.
. ,
.
, ,

, ,
.
ETHICS
.
. ‘
’.

. , ,

.
104 105
GRIEF
.
.
HELPER’S FATIGUE


, , , ,
, , , , ,
.

, , .
.
PEER SUPPORT
, , , , , ,
, , , , .
PHYSICAL ABUSE
.

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER/ PTSD
. ,
, ,
.
.
,
,

.
,
.
PSYCHO-EDUCATION
, , , ,


.
PSYCHOLOGICAL
. ,
, .

.
PSYCHOSOCIAL
, , .
, , ,
.
PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT
. 2003

.

.


.

.
(psycho) (social)
.
. ) .
, ,
,
PSP .
PSYCHOSOCIAL WELL-BEING
.
.
RECOVERY
.
. 12

.
,
106 107
, .
RESILIENCE

. (Bounce Back)
.
.
SEPARATION ANxIETY

SExUAL ABUSE
.

. ,
.
,
.
.
, SOCIAL
,
.

.
,
.

. .
, , ,
. ,
, , , , .
SUPPORT GROUP
,

.
SURVIVOR GUILT
, ,

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
. , .
, ,
. ,
.
VULNERABLE GROUP
, , , , . ,
, , , , ,
, , .
108 109
.
• (The Sphere Handbook)
• IASC
(The Sphere Handbook)
NGO 1997
. , 2004 ,
.
(The Sphere Handbook) www.sphereproject.org/content/view/27/84/lang,English
. 20 .
(www.ifrc.org) ‘health services’
‘mental and social support’ . ,
.
, . ,
. .
, ( ) , ( )
.
‘, , ’

110 111
,
1.
.
1.

.

. .
2.
.
1 .
3. , ,
.
3.
,
.
4. ,

.
, ,
.
6. ,
.
.
.
.
IASC
IASC(The Inter-Agency Standing Committee) 27
2005 .
. 2007
IASC .
IASC www.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc , .
.
IASC .
2 . 11 .
, , , . , ,
.
.
IASC 2 .
1
11 ‘ ’ ?
IASC , (, , )
.
? IASC (Liberia) (East Timor)
. .
.
2
‘’ ?
IASC (minimum response) ‘
’.
? 5 . ,
,
. , .
IASC ?
• .
• . ,
HIV/AIDS , .
• .
112 113
1:
• • • •FAQ
2:
3:

(2006-2010)
Our goals
1 : , .
2 : , .
3 : , , .
4 : , , , .
Our priorities
, , .
, , .
HIV/AIDS .
, , .
114

,
.
ISBN 89-91546-0-13510