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Page 1: ینابم رب یرورمshc.sbmu.ac.ir/uploads/25-5-96_industrial_ventilation.pdfMoving air through a heat exchanger An air moving device in which the air flow is parallel or axial
Page 2: ینابم رب یرورمshc.sbmu.ac.ir/uploads/25-5-96_industrial_ventilation.pdfMoving air through a heat exchanger An air moving device in which the air flow is parallel or axial

مروری بر مبانیسیستم تهویه صنعتی

:ارائه

دکتر سمیه فرهنگ

استادیار گروه بهداشت حرفه ای، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی

[email protected]

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مروری

بر

مبانی

تهویه صنعتی

تهویه عمومی

تهویه موضعی

هدف از کارگاه حاضر

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SUPPLY SYSTEMSEXHAUST SYSTEMS

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SUPPLY SYSTEMS HVAC system

REPLACEMENT system

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EXHAUST SYSTEMS

GENERAL exhaust system : exhaust + supply

1. For contaminant control (the dilution system)

2. For heat control.

LOCAL exhaust system

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BASIC DEFINITIONS

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Density Factor:

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)

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Conservation of Mass

in outin out

5000 scfm600 oF

10000

acfm

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Conservation of Energy

1 2

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HOOD LOSSES: Simple Hoods

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HOOD LOSSES: Compound Hoods

Fs= 1.78

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Dilution Ventilation for Health

1) The quantity of contaminant generated must not be too great or the air flow rate

necessary for dilution will be impractical;

2) Workers must be far enough away from the contaminant source or the evolution

of contaminant must be in sufficiently low concentrations so that workers will not

have an exposure in excess of the established TLV;

3) The toxicity of the contaminant must be low; and

4) The evolution of contaminants must be reasonably uniform.

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Dilution Ventilation Principles

1. The amount of air required for satisfactory dilution of the contaminant must be multiplied by the

selected K value.

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2. Locate the exhaust openings near the sources of contamination,

if possible, in order to obtain the benefit of "spot ventilation."

3. Locate the air supply and exhaust outlets such that the air passes through

the zone of contamination. The operator should remain between the air supply

and the source of the contaminant.

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4. Dilution ventilation systems usually handle large quantities of air by means of low

pressure fans.

5. Avoid reentry of the exhausted air by discharging the exhaust high above the roof

line or by assuring that no window, outdoor air intakes, or other such openings are

located near the exhaust discharge.

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LOCAL EXHAUST HOODS

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100 feet per minute (fpm)

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Common types of hood

Enclosing Hood

"fume" hoods

Completely enclosed hoods (all sides

enclosed)

Partially enclosed (two or three sides

enclosed)

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Common types of hood (Con..)

Capturing Hood

Capturing Hood Capturing hood for

welding bench

Downdraft

Hood for hand

grinding

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Receiving Hood

Common types of hood (Con..)

Receiving Hood over a melting furnace

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Hood Flow Rate Determination

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- Capturing hood should be at least 50% wider than the anticipated width of the contaminant cloud.

- It should be at least as wide as the greatest distance “X” .

- For non-fixed source , width of hood should be equal to bench width.

- Height of hood depends on the vertical height of the bulk of the emission and buoyancy of

contaminated air.

- For slot hood, more than one slot may be required for high upward momentum of contaminated

air.

- For slot-plenum hood, the plenum must extend high enough to accommodate all openings.

- For slot hood, distance between midlines of slots less than the distance X.

- Hood should be centered on the contaminant cloud.

- For sources resting on work surface , hood can be placed somewhat above the emission cloud

(flange should touch the table).

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Plenum Systems

Tapered Systems

Below 2000 fpm

A low-pressure loss path

Minimum operating power

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or

face

"wg

=21+20+16

=32+31+28+25

=34+22

1-A 2-A A-B B-C C-D

=2000

=1.78

=0 or 1=14+13

=15⤬12

=0 or 1

=17+18=19⤬8

=24⤬23

=26⤬27

=29⤬30

=33⤬8

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Fan

Axial Centrifugal

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1. Propeller

2. Tubeaxial

3. Vaneaxial

Environmental Control System

Air conditioning System

Moving air through a heat exchanger

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An air moving device in which the air flow is parallel

or axial to the shaft on which the propeller is mounted.

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هواکش های ملخی

تیغه دیسکی تیغه باریک

تهویه عمومیفشار استاتیک کم

ار حساسنسبت به تغییر فشار بسی

اینچ آب1فشار استاتیک کمتر از

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(درون کانالی)هواکش های لوله محوری

The propeller is housed in a cylindrical tube or duct. This design enables duct

fans to operate at higher low pressure losses than propeller fans.

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تیغه های باریک

محفظه استوانه ای کوتاه

اینچ آب2فشار استاتیک کمتر از

(درون کانالی)هواکش های لوله محوری

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هواکش های پره محوری

سمت پره ملخی شکل همراه با پره های مستقیم کننده جریان در ق

Impellerتخلیه

(هدایت و مستقیم کردن جریان)محفظه استوانه ای

موثر از دو هواکش قبل

اینچ آب8فشار تا

مخصوص هوای تمیز

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1. Forward curved

2. Radial impellers

3. Backward curved

NBC Filtration

AC with long ducting

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هواکش های گریز از مرکز

Centrifugal blowers are air moving devices in which the air flow is

perpendicular to the shaft on which the wheel is mounted.

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هواکش های تیغه خمیده به جلو

پره هایی با انحنایی به سمت چرخشنیاز به فضای کم

سرعت کم ، بدون صداوع،سیستم سیستم های گرمایش، تهویه مطب)فشارهای استاتیک کم و متوسط

(های جایگزین کننده هواعدم کاربرد در انتقال گرد و غبارات ذرات چسبنده

می برخورد و چسبیدن ذرات به تیغه های آن سبب بهم خوردن تعادل پره)(شود

SP 1 1/2 “

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هواکش های تیغه شعاعی

تیغه هایی در جهت شعاع لوله هواکشر تامین سرعت کافی برای عبو)محفظه آن به اندازه لوله های ورودی و خروجی آن

(آالینده ها:محدوده وسیعی از قابلیت انتقال آالینده ها و کارایی)تیغه های گوناگون

کارایی باالو قابلیت انتقال حداقل آالینده ها -(مقاومت باالو قابلیت انتقال آالینده های سنگین-

یز و سرعت متوسط و مناسب برای اغلب سیستم های مکنده برای جابجایی هوای تمآلوده

Particle-and-grease-

laden Air

Operate at higher static pressures (up to 12”) but usually are noisier than FC or BI.

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هواکش های تیغه خمیده به عقب

پره هایی با انحنایی در خالف جهت چرخش

لوراندمان باالتر، تحمل بار آلودگی زیادتر نسبت به تیغه خمیده به ج

کمسرعت بیشترنسبت به تیغه خمیده به جلو، صدا

3” static pressure

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:انواع

Smaller diameter wheels are supplied with flat blades

Larger diameter wheels are supplied with air foil blades to improve efficiency.

جابجایی گردوغبارات سبک، رطوبت باالعدم استفاده برای مواد چسبنده

راندمان باالترو صدای کمتر(نوع توخالی آن از مایع پر می شود)عدم کاربرد در هوای آلوده و با رطوبت باال

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Fan-belt Drive Fan-direct drive

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FSP = FTP - VPoutlet

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