제10주

건축과 지역성

도시와 정체성(identity)

도시와 정체성(identity)

• 네팔의 전통주택

6학년 : 환경과 건축

• 몽골의 ger

• Inuit 족의 igloo • 남아프리카의 Rondavel

산업혁명과 지역성

• The Crystal Palace by Sir Joseph Paxton • in Hyde Park, London, to house the

Great Exhibition of 1851. • 564 m long, with an interior height of

39 m. • More than 14,000 exhibitors from

around the world gathered in the Palace's 92,000㎡ of exhibition space to display examples of the latest technology developed in the Industrial Revolution.

• Because of the recent invention of the cast plate glass method in 1848, which allowed for large sheets of cheap but strong glass, it was at the time the largest amount of glass ever seen in a building and astonished visitors with its clear walls and ceilings that did not require interior lights, thus a "Crystal Palace".

산업혁명과 지역성

The Seagram Building, New York City, 1958, by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Chicago

Le Corbusier. Structural skeleton of Maison Dom-ino, 1914-15.

Villa Savoye a modernist villa in Poissy, in the outskirts of Paris, France. Le Corbusier and his cousin, Pierre Jeanneret, built between 1928 and 1931 using reinforced concrete.

Self-built neighborhood in Cairo, 2009. A simple steel and concrete pillar grid structure reminiscent of Le Corbusier’s Maison Dom-ino model. Filled with brick stones, a growing house structure becomes adaptable to the needs and finances of its inhabitants. Cairo, 2009. Photo: Marion von Osten.

• 서울 반포 아파트

6학년 : 환경과 건축

Bernard Rudofsky (April 19 1905 - March 12, 1988) Moravian-born American writer, architect, collector, teacher, designer, and social historian.

"Architectural History , as written and taught in the Western World , has never been concerned with more than a few select cultures. “

• Architecture Without Architects, the landmark book and exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York (1964), which challenged conventional notions of architecture and dwelling through its study of vernacular building technologies and alternative ways of living.

• introduce the reader to the vast and wise world of ' nonpedigreed architecture ' (vernacular, indigenous, and often anonymous ).

• Vernacular architecture does not go through fashion cycles. It is nearly immutable, indeed, unimprovable, since it serves its purpose to perfection. As a rule, the origins of indigenous building forms and construction methods is lost in the distant past.

• houses typical of the Mediterranean area.

houses typical of the Mediterranean area.

• One of the most radical solutions in the field of shelter is represented by the underground towns and villages in the Chinese loess belts. Loess is silt, transported and deposited by the wind. Because of its great softness and high porosity, it can be easily carved.

• In the provinces of Honnan, Shansi, Shensi, and Kansu about ten million people live in dwellings hollowed out from loess.

• The partial enclosures [below] are windscreens in Shimane Prefecture in Western Japan.

• To achieve solid buffers against winter winds and snowstorms, the farmers coax pine trees into thick, L-shaped hedges about fifty feet high.

• Skeleton structure, modular building components, open plan, sliding walls, etc. have been in the repertory of vernacular Japanese architecture for centuries.

• Detail from an eighteenth century book illustration.

• The use of a single building type does not necessarily produce monotony.

• Irregularity of terrain and deviations from standard measurements result in small variations which strike a perfect balance between unity and diversity.

• Below, the Spanish town of Villa Hermosa.

• In Eastern countries, where pigeonry is held in the highest esteem. The birds’ droppings are collected in special towers that work on the principle of a piggy-bank. When filled, they are smashed and their precious contents put to use as fertiliser.

• A battery of pigeon towers at Lindjan near Isfahan.

• this village in Svanetia, a high-lying valley in the western Caucusus, is protected by towers. Until recently, each family had to defray its own defence budget, for as late as the latter half of the nineteenth century blood feuds and vendettas raged unchecked.

• 토속적 건축

• Vernacular Architecture

• 그 지역에 살고 있는 사람들의 요구

• 지역의 자원(재료)를 이용

• 그 지역의 환경(기후), 역사, 문화에 오랜 시간 대응하면서 형성

• 그 지역의 전통적인 건축

• 한 사람의 건축가가 설계한 것이 아닌 오랜 시간 동안 선조와 자손이 다듬어 만든 것.

• 그 지역의 흙으로 만든 벽

• 쌀문화를 보여주는 초가지붕

• 가난한 사람들의 주거 / 기와집과 비교

• 산의 능선을 닮은 부드러운 곡선

• 이집트의 마을 • 미국 뉴멕시코, Acoma Pueblo

• 덴마크의 전통주거 • 일본의 시라가와 전통주택

• 기후의 영향

• 강우량

• 강설량

• 중국 복건성의 객가인 전통주거 - 토루

• 터키 카파도키아 - 동굴도시

The lessons taught in this world are highly useful to mankind, especially relating to the environmental crisis the world now faces .

• Some of the contraptions of primitive technology may earn the contempt of today’s engineers, yet their charm cannot be matched by modern machines.

• This timeless 64-foot Syrian water wheel lifts water from the Orontes River into aqueducts for the houses and gardens of Hama.

• 네덜란드 위트레히트

• 전주 한옥마을

• 급속한 근대화와 산업화

• 고유한 장소성/문화 상실 획일적인 거리

• 경쟁의 도시

• 크고 더 요란한 각종 간판

우리 도시의 모습 건축과 도시

1885

2005

• 건물들이 만드는 도시 환경

• 통일성인가? 획일성인가?

• 서울 반포 아파트

6학년 : 환경과 건축

Hoian, Vietnam

Traditional street of Hoian

식민주의의 영향

• 색채와 형태

6학년 : 환경과 건축

• 네덜란드 위트레히트

• 마을과 어울리는 건축

• 다양한 색채 / 유사한 형태

6학년 : 환경과 건축

• 네덜란드 위트레히트

Atelier Bow-wow

Founded in 1992

Yoshiharu Tsukamoto, along with his partner Momoyo Kaijima

Pet Architecture #46: Kadokko restaurant. It is 4.8 x 0.9 x 6.2m.

Pet Architecture #15: Aoyama real estate agent. It is 0.8 x 10 x 2m.

• Flat 하게 보다 : 고급/저급, 미/추, 선/악

• 건축에서 건물로

• 인접성

• 환경 unit : 일관성 있는 인접한 환경

• 도시의 내부로 부터

• 이종격투기 : cross-category

• 자동척도 : automatic scaling

• Pet size

• 물류도시 : Logistical Urbanity

• Sportive

• 부산물 : By-Product

• 도시거주 : urban dwelling

• 건물로서의 기계 : machine as building

• 도시 생태계 : urban ecology

과제 : Made in Busan

과제 내용 :

• Atelier Bow-Wow의 작업 <Made in Tokyo>를 참조하여 부산이라는 도시에서 만들어진 독특한 건축물 10개를 직접 조사하고 정리

조사방법 :

• 2인1조로 조사하고, 공동 정리하여 제출 (독자 조사/정리도 허용)

• 반드시 두 사람이 조사 건물 앞에서 인증사진을 찍어서 첨부하여야 함

• 리포트 점수는 2인이 동일