$oehuw /xphpex .dvdqgd /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529...

8
$OEHUW /XPHPEX .DVDQGD /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529$ '(//$ */2%$/,==$=,21( 1RWH VXOO¶LQWHUFXOWXUDOLWj LQ $IULFD /¶DQDOLVL GHJOL HIIHWWL GHOOD JOREDOL]]D]LRQH q OXQJL GDOO¶HVVHU FRQFOXVD LQ $IULFD FRPH DOWURYH &RPSUHVD FRPH HVSUHVVLRQH GHOO¶LPSDWWR PDVVLFFLR GHO FDSLWDOLVPR WULRQIDQWH FKH FRPH XQ XUDJDQR LPSRQH OD VXD OHJJH DO PRQGR VHQ]D FRQGLYLVLRQL R FRPH HVSUHVVLRQH GL XQD FRQWUD]LRQH SODQHWDULD SURYRFDWD GDOOH LQQRYD]LRQL WHFQRORJLFKH FKH IDFLOLWDQR OH FRPXQLFD]LRQL H O¶LQWHUD]LRQH WUD SRSROL OD JOREDOL]]D]LRQH VXVFLWD VHPSUH SL LQTXLHWXGL QL H GLVFXVVLRQL 4XHVWH ULJXDUGDQR QRQ VROR LO QRVWUR LQVHULPHQWR QHO VLVWHPD HFRQRPLFR DWWXDOH PD DQFKH LO IXWXUR GHOOH QRVWUH VWUXWWXUH SROLWLFKH H LO GLYHQLUH GHOOH QRVWUH FXOWXUH H WUDGL]LRQL ,Q TXDQWR D TXHVWH XOWLPH VL SRQH LO SUREOHPD DQWLFR PD VHPSUH DWWXDOH GL VDSHUH FKH QH q GHOOD ORUR LQWHJULWj GHOOD ORUR FDSDFLWj GL UHVLVWHQ]D H GL GLDORJR FRQ DOWUH FXOWXUH H WUDGL]LRQL 7DOH TXHVWLRQH q RJJHWWR GHOOD QRVWUD ULÀHVVLRQH QHO WHVWR FKH VHJXH LQ SDUWLFRODUH ULJXDUGR DO &RQWLQHQWH QHUR 1RQ FRQGLYLGLDPR O¶LGHD VHFRQGR FXL OD PRQGLDOL]]D]LRQH q SHU VXD HVVHQ]D LO SURJHWWR GL XQD PRUWH DQQXQFLDWD GHOOH FXOWXUH H GHOOH WUDGL]LRQL SDUWLFRODUL D YDQWDJJLR GL XQ VROR SURFHVVR FKH VLD OD PRGHUQL]]D]LRQH R O¶DPHULFDQL]]D]LRQH GHO PRQGR 4XHVWD WHVL RPHWWH LO IDWWR FKH O¶XPDQLWj UHVWD LQ TXDQWR WDOH XQD IRUPLGDELOH PDFFKLQD GL SURGX]LRQH GL GLIIHUHQ]H GL GLYLVLRQL VRFLDOL H GL LGHQWLWj SDUWLFRODUL ,QROWUH QRQ SUHQGH LQ FRQVLGHUD]LRQH OH OHJJL SURSULH DOO¶HYROX]LRQH GHOOH FXOWXUH H GHOOH WUDGL]LRQL 4XHVWH XOWLPH VRQR VHPSUH VWDWH H UHVWDQR GHOOH UHDOWj GLQDPLFKH H YLYHQWL 6RQR VRWWRSRVWH SHUPDQHQWH PHQWH DOO¶LQWHUD]LRQH FRQ OH DOWUH FXOWXUH H DOOD SURYD GHO FDPELDPHQWR H GHO ULQQRYDPHQWR 3HUFLz SRVWXOLDPR O¶LGHD GL XQ¶HYROX]LRQH FULWLFD GHOOH QRVWUH WUDGL]LRQL PHQWUH UHVSLQJLDPR OD SURVSHWWLYD GL XQ GLVFRUVR GRJPDWLFR H UHL¿FDQWH FKH YDOXWL OH DOWUH FXOWXUH H WUDGL]LRQL VHFRQGR XQ FULWHULR XQLFR FKH QH LJQRUL OD SOXUDOLWj H OD GLQDPLFD LQWHUQD 4XHVWD ULÀHVVLRQH VL DUWLFROD LQ WUH SDUWL FKH VL LQWHUSHOODQR H VL FRPSOHWDQR UHFLSURFDPHQWH 6L WUDWWD GL WUH SD UDGLJPL IRQGDPHQWDOL WUDPLWH FXL q WUDWWDWR LO SURFHVVR GHOOH WUDGL]LRQL DIULFDQH OD QHJD]LRQH OD ULDELOLWD]LRQH H OD V¿GD GHOOD JOREDOL]]D]LRQH /H GXH SULPH SDUWL FRVWLWXLVFRQR XQD UDSLGD VLQWHVL GHO GLVFRUVR VXOOH WUDGL]LRQL DIULFDQH D SDUWLUH GDL FRQWHVWL GHOOD FRORQL]]D]LRQH H GHOOD PRGHUQLWj GHOOD ORWWD SHU OH LQGLSHQGHQ]H H O¶DIIHUPD]LRQH GL Vp /¶XOWLPD SDUWH VL IRFDOL]]D VXOOD V¿GD GHOOD JOREDOL]]D]LRQH DWWXDOH DOOD FDSDFLWj GL UHVLVWHQ]D H GL LQWHJUD]LRQH GHOOH WUDGL]LRQL DIULFDQH 5LSUHQGLDPR O¶HVSUHVVLRQH FODVVLFD GL 0DUVKDOO 0F/XKDQ ³YLOODJJLR JOREDOH´ XVDWD SHU OD SULPD YROWD QHO VXR OLEUR 0 0F/XKDQ 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ 0HGLD 7KH ([WHQVLRQV RI 0DQ *LQJNR 3UHVV %HUNHOH\ WU LW *OL VWUXPHQWL GHO FRPXQLFDUH LO 6DJJLDWRUH 0LODQR &IU % %DUEHU 'MLKDG YHUVXV 0F :RUOG 'HVFOpH GH %URXZHU 3DULV -3 :DUQLHU /D PRQGDOLVDWLRQ GH OD FXOWXUH /D 'pFRXYHUWH 3DULV S

Upload: others

Post on 26-Jun-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: $OEHUW /XPHPEX .DVDQGD /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529 ...romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Le-tradizioni... · ,owhpd gl %#eho /d qhjd]lrqh ghooh wudgl]lrql diulfdqh

���

$OEHUW�/XPHPEX�.DVDQGD

/(�75$',=,21,�$)5,&$1(�$//$�3529$�'(//$�*/2%$/,==$=,21(�1RWH�VXOO¶LQWHUFXOWXUDOLWj�LQ�$IULFD�

/¶DQDOLVL� GHJOL� HIIHWWL� GHOOD� JOREDOL]]D]LRQH� q� OXQJL� GDOO¶HVVHU� FRQFOXVD� LQ�$IULFD� FRPH�DOWURYH��&RPSUHVD�FRPH�HVSUHVVLRQH�GHOO¶LPSDWWR�PDVVLFFLR�GHO�FDSLWDOLVPR�WULRQIDQWH�FKH��FRPH�XQ�XUDJDQR�� LPSRQH� OD� VXD� OHJJH�DO�PRQGR�VHQ]D�FRQGLYLVLRQL��R�FRPH�HVSUHVVLRQH�GL� XQD� FRQWUD]LRQH�SODQHWDULD��� SURYRFDWD�GDOOH� LQQRYD]LRQL� WHFQRORJLFKH� FKH� IDFLOLWDQR� OH�FRPXQLFD]LRQL�H�O¶LQWHUD]LRQH�WUD�SRSROL��OD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH�VXVFLWD�VHPSUH�SL��LQTXLHWXGL�QL�H�GLVFXVVLRQL��4XHVWH�ULJXDUGDQR�QRQ�VROR� LO�QRVWUR� LQVHULPHQWR�QHO�VLVWHPD�HFRQRPLFR�DWWXDOH�PD�DQFKH�LO�IXWXUR�GHOOH�QRVWUH�VWUXWWXUH�SROLWLFKH�H�LO�GLYHQLUH�GHOOH�QRVWUH�FXOWXUH�H�WUDGL]LRQL��,Q�TXDQWR�D�TXHVWH�XOWLPH�VL�SRQH�LO�SUREOHPD�DQWLFR�PD�VHPSUH�DWWXDOH��GL�VDSHUH�FKH�QH�q�GHOOD�ORUR�LQWHJULWj��GHOOD�ORUR�FDSDFLWj�GL�UHVLVWHQ]D�H�GL�GLDORJR�FRQ�DOWUH�FXOWXUH�H�WUDGL]LRQL��7DOH�TXHVWLRQH�q�RJJHWWR�GHOOD�QRVWUD�ULÀHVVLRQH�QHO�WHVWR�FKH�VHJXH��LQ�SDUWLFRODUH�ULJXDUGR�DO�&RQWLQHQWH�QHUR��1RQ�FRQGLYLGLDPR�O¶LGHD�VHFRQGR�FXL�OD�PRQGLDOL]]D]LRQH�q��SHU�VXD�HVVHQ]D��LO�SURJHWWR�GL�XQD�PRUWH�DQQXQFLDWD�GHOOH�FXOWXUH�H�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�SDUWLFRODUL�D�YDQWDJJLR�GL�XQ�VROR�SURFHVVR��FKH�VLD�OD�PRGHUQL]]D]LRQH�R�O¶DPHULFDQL]]D]LRQH�GHO�PRQGR���4XHVWD�WHVL�RPHWWH�LO�IDWWR�FKH�O¶XPDQLWj�UHVWD��LQ�TXDQWR�WDOH��XQD�IRUPLGDELOH�PDFFKLQD�GL�SURGX]LRQH�GL�GLIIHUHQ]H��GL�GLYLVLRQL�VRFLDOL�H�GL�LGHQWLWj�SDUWLFRODUL���,QROWUH�QRQ�SUHQGH�LQ�FRQVLGHUD]LRQH�OH�OHJJL�SURSULH�DOO¶HYROX]LRQH�GHOOH�FXOWXUH�H�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL��4XHVWH�XOWLPH�VRQR�VHPSUH�VWDWH�H�UHVWDQR�GHOOH�UHDOWj�GLQDPLFKH�H�YLYHQWL��6RQR�VRWWRSRVWH�SHUPDQHQWH�PHQWH�DOO¶LQWHUD]LRQH�FRQ�OH�DOWUH�FXOWXUH�H�DOOD�SURYD�GHO�FDPELDPHQWR�H�GHO�ULQQRYDPHQWR��3HUFLz�SRVWXOLDPR�O¶LGHD�GL�XQ¶HYROX]LRQH�FULWLFD�GHOOH�QRVWUH�WUDGL]LRQL�PHQWUH�UHVSLQJLDPR�OD�SURVSHWWLYD�GL�XQ�GLVFRUVR�GRJPDWLFR�H�UHL¿FDQWH��FKH�YDOXWL�OH�DOWUH�FXOWXUH�H�WUDGL]LRQL�VHFRQGR�XQ�FULWHULR�XQLFR�FKH�QH�LJQRUL�OD�SOXUDOLWj�H�OD�GLQDPLFD�LQWHUQD��4XHVWD�ULÀHVVLRQH�VL�DUWLFROD�LQ�WUH�SDUWL��FKH�VL�LQWHUSHOODQR�H�VL�FRPSOHWDQR�UHFLSURFDPHQWH��6L�WUDWWD�GL�WUH�SD�UDGLJPL�IRQGDPHQWDOL�WUDPLWH�FXL�q�WUDWWDWR�LO�SURFHVVR�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH��OD�QHJD]LRQH��OD�ULDELOLWD]LRQH�H�OD�V¿GD�GHOOD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH��/H�GXH�SULPH�SDUWL�FRVWLWXLVFRQR�XQD�UDSLGD�VLQWHVL�GHO�GLVFRUVR�VXOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�D�SDUWLUH�GDL�FRQWHVWL�GHOOD�FRORQL]]D]LRQH�H�GHOOD�PRGHUQLWj��GHOOD�ORWWD�SHU�OH�LQGLSHQGHQ]H�H�O¶DIIHUPD]LRQH�GL�Vp��/¶XOWLPD�SDUWH�VL�IRFDOL]]D�VXOOD� V¿GD�GHOOD� JOREDOL]]D]LRQH� DWWXDOH� DOOD� FDSDFLWj� GL� UHVLVWHQ]D� H� GL� LQWHJUD]LRQH�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�

�� 5LSUHQGLDPR�O¶HVSUHVVLRQH�FODVVLFD�GL�0DUVKDOO�0F/XKDQ��³YLOODJJLR�JOREDOH´��XVDWD�SHU�OD�SULPD�YROWD�QHO�VXR�OLEUR��0��0F/XKDQ��8QGHUVWDQGLQJ�0HGLD��7KH�([WHQVLRQV�RI�0DQ��*LQJNR�3UHVV��%HUNHOH\�������WU��LW��*OL�VWUXPHQWL�GHO�FRPXQLFDUH��LO�6DJJLDWRUH��0LODQR������

�� &IU��%��%DUEHU��'MLKDG�YHUVXV�0F�:RUOG��'HVFOpH�GH�%URXZHU��3DULV�������� -��3��:DUQLHU��/D�PRQGDOLVDWLRQ�GH�OD�FXOWXUH��/D�'pFRXYHUWH��3DULV�������S������

Page 2: $OEHUW /XPHPEX .DVDQGD /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529 ...romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Le-tradizioni... · ,owhpd gl %#eho /d qhjd]lrqh ghooh wudgl]lrql diulfdqh

���

,O WHPD�GL�%#EHO

���/D�QHJD]LRQH�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�H�OD�FRUVD�YHUVR�OD�PRGHUQLWj�

Ê�XQ�OXRJR�FRPXQH�ULFRQRVFHUH�FKH�OH�WUDGL]LRQL�QRQ�RFFLGHQWDOL��DOO¶RFFRUUHQ]D�OH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH��VRQR�VWDWH�RJJHWWR�GL�GLVSUH]]R�H�GL�PLVFRQRVFLPHQWR��,Q�JHQHUDOH��TXHVWD�RVWLOLWj�q�VWDWD�SURSULD�GHOO¶LGHRORJLD�FRORQLDOH�H�GHL�SURWDJRQLVWL�GHOO¶LGHD�GL�PRGHUQLWj��3HU�O¶LPSUHVD�FRORQLDOH�VL�WUDWWDYD�GL�LPSRUUH�OD�SURSULD�GRPLQD]LRQH�VXOO¶XRPR�QHUR�WUDPLWH�XQ¶HSLVWHPR�ORJLD�DSSURSULDWD��FKH�SUHWHQGHYD�GL�HVVHUH�LQVLHPH�XQD�OHJLWWLPD]LRQH�GHO�FRORQLDOLVPR�H�XQD�QHJD]LRQH�GHL�YDORUL�H�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH��4XHVW¶LPSUHVD�q�VWDWD�FRPXQHPHQWH�GHVLJQDWD�FRO�WHUPLQH�³PLVVLRQH�FLYLOL]]DWULFH´��&RPH�ULFRUGD�$FKLOOH�0EHPEH��©0LUDYD�D�OHJLWWLPDUH�XQ¶LPSUHVD�YROJDUH�� LO� FXL�RELHWWLYR�HUD�GL� LPSRUUH� O¶2FFLGHQWH�H�GL� IDUOR� ULFRQRVFHUH�FRPH�XQLFR�FHQWUR�GL�VHQVR��XQLFR�OXRJR�FRPSHWHQWH�D�JHQHUDUH�LO�GLVFRUVR�VXOO¶XPDQR�H�LO�GLYLQRª���,�GLVSRVLWLYL�DWWLYDWL�SHU�OD�UHDOL]]D]LRQH�GL�TXHVWR�RELHWWLYR�VL�VRQR�PRVVL�GDOOD�GRPLQD]LRQH�SROLWLFD�DOOD�VXERUGLQD]LRQH�VLPEROLFD��SDVVDQGR�SHU�OD�GLVWUX]LRQH�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�H�O¶LPSRVL�]LRQH�GL�XQ¶DVVLRORJLD�LVSLUDWD�DO�PRGHOOR�RFFLGHQWDOH��$OEHUW�0HPPL�SDUOD�GL�³PLVWL¿FD]LRQH�FRORQL]]DWULFH´��L�FXL�WUDWWL�HVVHQ]LDOL�VRQR�OD�GLVXPDQL]]D]LRQH��O¶DPQHVLD�FXOWXUDOH��OD�QHJD]LR�QH�GHOO¶XRPR���&RVu�VFULYH�ULJXDUGR�DOOD�FXOWXUD�

/D�VROD�DOWHUQDWLYD�SRVVLELOH�SHU�LO�FRORQL]]DWR�q�O¶DVVLPLOD]LRQH�R�OD�SLHWUL¿FD]LRQH��3RLFKp�O¶DVVLPL�OD]LRQH�JOL�q�UL¿XWDWD��QRQ�JOL�UHVWD�FKH�YLYHUH�IXRUL�GDO�WHPSR��3RLFKp�JOL�q�LPSHGLWD�OD�SURLH]LRQH�H�OD�FRVWUX]LRQH�GHOO¶DYYHQLUH��VL�OLPLWD�D�XQ�SUHVHQWH�DVWUDWWR��PXWLODWR��6HPSUH�PHQR�GLVSRQH�GHO�VXR�SDVVDWR��,O�FRORQL]]DWRUH�QRQ�OR�KD�PDL�FRQRVFLXWR�H�VL�VD�FKH�LO�SOHEHR�GL�FXL�VL�LJQRUDQR�OH�RULJLQL�QRQ�QH�KD��,O�FRORQL]]DWR�VHPEUD�FRQGDQQDWR�D�SHUGHUH�SURJUHVVLYDPHQWH�OD�PHPRULD��

)UDQW]�)DQRQ�DEERQGD�GL�SDUWLFRODUL��9HGH�QHOO¶XQLYHUVR�FRORQLDOH�XQ�PRQGR�PDQLFKHR��VH�JQDWR�GD�XQR�VIUXWWDPHQWR�FRVu�WRWDOH�GD�UHQGHUH�LO�FRORQL]]DWR�XQD�VRUWD�GL�TXLQWHVVHQ]D�GHO�PDOH���1HL�VXRL�VFULWWL�QH�GHQXQFLD�TXLQGL�VSLHWDWDPHQWH�L�PHFFDQLVPL�H�JOL�HIIHWWL�

/D�VRFLHWj�FRORQL]]DWD�QRQ�q�VROR�GHVFULWWD�FRPH�SULYD�GL�YDORUL��1RQ�EDVWD�DO�FRORQR�VRVWHQHUH�FKH�L�YDORUL�KDQQR�DEEDQGRQDWR��DQ]L��QRQ�VRQR�PDL�VWDWL�GL�FDVD�QHO�PRQGR�FRORQL]]DWR��/¶LQGLJHQR�q�GL�FKLDUDWR�LPSHUPHDELOH�DOO¶HWLFD��LQ�WRWDOH�DVVHQ]D��DQ]L��QHJD]LRQH�GL�YDORUL��Ê�LO�QHPLFR�GHL�YDORUL��,Q�TXHVWR�VHQVR�q�LO�PDOH�DVVROXWR��(OHPHQWR�FRUURVLYR��FKH�GLVWUXJJH�WXWWR�FLz�D�FXL�VL�DFFRVWD��HOHPHQWR�GHIRUPDQWH�� FKH� V¿JXUD� WXWWR�TXDQWR� WRFFKL� O¶HVWHWLFD�R� OD�PRUDOH��GHSRVLWDULR�GL� IRU]H�PDOH¿FKH��VWUXPHQWR�LQFRVFLHQWH�H�LUUHFXSHUDELOH�GL�IRU]H�FLHFKH��,�FRVWXPL�GHO�FRORQL]]DWR��OH�VXH�WUDGL]LRQL��L�VXRL�PLWL��VRSUDWWXWWR�L�PLWL��VRQR�LO�PDUFKLR�GL�TXHVWD�LQGLJHQ]D��GL�TXHVWD�GHSUDYD]LRQH�FRVWLWXLYD��

(�FRQWLQXD�SRFKH�OLQHH�SL��DYDQWL��©7DOYROWD�TXHVWR�PDQLFKHLVPR�DUULYD�DO�SXQWR�HVWUHPR�GHOOD�VXD�ORJLFD�H�GLVXPDQL]]D�LO�FRORQL]]DWR��3URSULDPHQWH�SDUODQGR�OR�UHQGH�XQ�DQLPDOHª���

�� $��0EHPEH��$IULTXHV�LQGRFLOHV��&KULVWLDQLVPH��SRXYRLU�HW�(WDW�HQ�VRFLpWp�SRVWFRORQLDO��.DUWKDOD��3DULV�������S�����

�� $��0HPPL��3RUWUDLW�GX�FRORQLVp��3RUWUDLW�GX�FRORQLVDWHXU��*DOOLPDUG��3DULV�������� ,YL��SS������������ &IU��)��)DQRQ��/HV�GDPQpV�GH�OD�WHUUH��*DOOLPDUG��3DULV��������S������WU��LW��,�GDQQDWL�GHOOD�WHUUD��(LQDXGL��

7RULQR�������(GL]LRQL�GL�&RPXQLWj��(LQDXGL��7RULQR�������&IU��DQFKH�3HDX�QRLUH��PDVTXHV�EODQFV��6HXLO��3DULV�������WU��LW��3HOOH�QHUD�PDVFKHUH�ELDQFKH��7URSHD��0LODQR�������

�� )��)DQRQ��/HV�GDPQpV�GH�OD�WHUUH��FLW���SS����������� ,YL���S�����

Page 3: $OEHUW /XPHPEX .DVDQGD /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529 ...romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Le-tradizioni... · ,owhpd gl %#eho /d qhjd]lrqh ghooh wudgl]lrql diulfdqh

���

,O $OEHUW�/XPHPEX�.DVDQGD/H�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�DOOD�SURYD�GHOOD���

/XQJL�GDOO¶HVVHUH�VFRPSDUVR�SHU�O¶HIIHWWR�FRQJLXQWR�GHOOD�ORWWD�DQWL�FRORQLDOH�H�GHOOH�LQGLSHQ�GHQ]H��LO�ULJHWWR�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�VL�q�UDGLFDOL]]DWR�VRWWR�LO�SDUDGLJPD�GHOOD�PRGHUQLWj��,Q�QRPH�GHO� SURJUHVVR� H�GHJOL� LGHDOL� GHOO¶,OOXPLQLVPR��TXHVWH� WUDGL]LRQL� VRQR� FRQVLGHUDWH�FRPH�EDVWLRQL�GHOO¶RVFXUDQWLVPR�FKH�ELVRJQD�VPDQWHOODUH�D�RJQL�FRVWR��/D�VLQJRODULWj�FRQVL�VWH�TXL�QHO�IDWWR�FKH�TXHVWR�GLVFRUVR�QRQ�q�HVFOXVLYR�GHL�%LDQFKL�PD�q�DGRWWDWR�GD�QXPHURVL�LQWHOOHWWXDOL�DIULFDQL��Ê�LO�VHQVR�GHOOD�UHTXLVLWRULD�FKH�'DQLHO�(WRXQJD�0DQJXHOOH�ULYROJH�DOOD�FXOWXUD�DIULFDQD�TXDQGR��RSSRQHQGRVL�DO�PLWR�GL�XQD�IDOVD�SDUWHQ]D���H�GL�XQ¶LQGXVWULDOL]]D�]LRQH�IUHWWRORVD�GHOO¶$IULFD��VFULYH�

/D�FDXVD�JOREDOH��O¶XQLFD�FDXVD��DOO¶RULJLQH�GL�WXWWH�OH�GHYLD]LRQL��q�OD�FXOWXUD�DIULFDQD��FDUDWWHUL]�]DWD�GDOOD�VXD�DXWRVXI¿FLHQ]D��SDVVLYLWj��PDQFDQ]D�GL�VSLQWD�YHUVR�OH�DOWUH�FXOWXUH�SULPD�FKH�TXHVWH�OH�VL�LPSRQJDQR�VFKLDFFLDQGROD��OD�VXD�LQFDSDFLWj��XQD�YROWD�FKH�LO�PDOH�q�IDWWR��GL�HYROYHUVL�DO�ORUR�FRQWDWWR��VHQ]D�FDGHUH�LQ�XQ�PLPHWLVPR�DELHWWR���

/H�ULÀHVVLRQL�GL�6WHSKHQ�6PLWK�D�SURSRVLWR�GHOOD�EDQFDURWWD�DIULFDQD�YDQQR�HJXDOPHQWH�QHOOR�VWHVVR�VHQVR��$O�SUREOHPD�GL�VDSHUH�SHUFKp�LO�&RQWLQHQWH�QHUR�PXRUH��TXHVWL�ULVSRQGH�VHQ]D�DPEDJH��©/¶$IULFD�PXRUH��LQ�JUDQ�SDUWH��SHUFKp�VL�VXLFLGDª����(�TXDO�q�OD�FDXVD�GHO�VXLFLGLR�FROOHWWLYR"�3HU�6WHSKHQ�6PLWK�LO�FROSHYROH�q�QRWR�

/¶$IULFD�QRQ�VYROWD�SHUFKp�UHVWD�³EORFFDWD´�GD�RVWDFROL�VRFLR�FXOWXUDOL�FKH�VDFUDOL]]D�FRPH�PDU�FKLR�LGHQWLWDULR��,O�VXFFHVVR�GHL�VXRL�HPLJUDWL�SURYD�LO�FRQWUDULR��FKL�ULHVFH�D�VIXJJLUH�DOO¶$IULFD�KD�JHQHUDOPHQWH�VXFFHVVR�H�DQFRU�GL�SL��VH�VL�WLUD�IXRUL�GDOOD�VRFLDOLWj�DIULFDQD��/¶$IULFDQR�FKH�VIRQGD�q�XQ�³QHJUR�ELDQFR´��'LYHQHQGR�SURGXWWLYR��LPPHUJHQGRVL�QHOOD�IUHGGD�PHFFDQLFD�GHO�SURFHVVR�FKH�ID�LO�VXFFHVVR�GHOO¶2FFLGHQWH�QRQ�SHUGH�OD�VXD�DQLPD��FRPH�QRQ�OD�SHUGH�LO�VXR�DOWHU�HJR�O¶DVLDWLFR���

,QGLSHQGHQWHPHQWH�GDOOH�VXH�GLYHUVH�DUWLFROD]LRQL��OD�QHJD]LRQH�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIUL�FDQH�ULSRVD�VX�XQ¶HSLVWHPRORJLD�PRQRFXOWXUDOH��3UHQGLDPR�TXHVWD�HVSUHVVLRQH�QHO�VHQVR�GL�XQ�GLVFRUVR�FKH�SULYLOHJL�XQD�VROD�FXOWXUD�FRPH�XQLFD�SURVSHWWLYD�GL�DSSURFFLR�R�XQLFR�SDUDGLJPD� WUDPLWH�FXL� HVDPLQDUH� OH�DOWUH�FXOWXUH�H� WUDGL]LRQL�� H� FLz�D�GHWULPHQWR�GHOOD�ORUR�GLYHUVLWj�H�SOXUDOLWj��/D�YRORQWj�GL�HULJHUH�D�LVWDQ]D�XQLYHUVDOH�XQD�UHDOWj�UHJLRQDOH�R�ORFDOH�VL�FHOD�GLHWUR�TXHVWR�GLVFRUVR��,Q�DOWUL�WHUPLQL��VL�WUDWWD�GL�XQ�WHQWDWLYR�GL�LPSRUUH�FRPH�XQLYHUVDOH�XQ�FULWHULR�ORFDOH�R�SDUWLFRODULVWLFR��,O�GLVFRUVR�FKH�GLVSUH]]D�OH�WUDGL�]LRQL�DIULFDQH�q� IRQGDPHQWDOPHQWH�XQ�GLVFRUVR�HVVHQ]LDOLVWD��'D�TXHVWR�SXQWR�GL�YLVWD�q�DQFKH�ULGXWWLYR��SRLFKp�LJQRUD�OH�GLYHUVLWj�SURSULH�GL�TXHVWR�&RQWLQHQWH��&RQVLGHUD�OH�GLIIHUHQWL�FRPXQLWj�DIULFDQH�FRPH�XQD�VROD�HQWLWj�DVWUDWWD�R��QHO�PLJOLRUH�GHL�FDVL��FRPH�WHVVHUH�GL�XQ�PRVDLFR�VRFLDOH��4XHVWR�DSSURFFLR�q� ORQWDQR��D�QRVWUR�JLXGL]LR��GDO�SUR�PXRYHUH�XQD�UHOD]LRQH�LQWHUFXOWXUDOH�YHUD�H�OLEHUDWULFH��$O�FRQWUDULR��FRQGLYLGH�DSSLHQR�OH�VWUXWWXUH�GL�GRPLQD]LRQH�H�PDUJLQDOL]]D]LRQH�

��� &IU��5��'XPRQW��/¶$IULTXH�QRLUH�HVW�PDO�SDUWLH��(GLWLRQV�GX�6HXLO��3DULV��������� '�� (WRXQJD�0HQJXHOOH��/¶$IULTXH� D�W�HOOH� EHVRLQ� G¶XQ� SURJUDPPH� G¶DMXVWHPHQW� FXOWXUHO"� (GLWLRQV�

1RXYHOOHV�GX�6XG��,YU\�������S������&IU��DQFKH��$��.DERX��(W�VL�O¶$IULTXH�UHIXVDLW�OH�GpYHORSSHPHQW"�/¶+DUPDWWDQ��3DULV������

��� 6��6PLWK��1pJURORJLH��3RXUTXRL�O¶$IULTXH�PHXUW��&DOPDQQ�/pY\��3DULV�������S�������� ,YL��SS��������

Page 4: $OEHUW /XPHPEX .DVDQGD /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529 ...romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Le-tradizioni... · ,owhpd gl %#eho /d qhjd]lrqh ghooh wudgl]lrql diulfdqh

���

,O WHPD�GL�%#EHO

���/D�ULDELOLWD]LRQH�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH

/D�ORWWD�SHU�OD�ULDELOLWD]LRQH�GHOOH�FXOWXUH�H�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�VL�q�WUDGRWWD�LQ�GLIIHUHQWL�LGHRORJLH�LGHQWLWDULH��&LWLDPR�WUD�OH�DOWUH�L�PRYLPHQWL�GHOOD�1pJULWXGH��GHOOD�%ODFN�&RQVFLRX�VQHVV��O¶DXWHQWLFLWj��O¶HWQR¿ORVR¿D�R�LO�VRFLDOLVPR�DIULFDQR��HWF��1HO�TXDGUR�GL�TXHVWD�ULÀHV�VLRQH��ULSUHQGLDPR�EUHYHPHQWH�LO�SDUDGLJPD�GHOOD�1pJULWXGH��(VVD�UDSSUHVHQWD�LO�PRGHOOR�SL��FRPSLXWR�GL�TXHVWD�ORWWD��LQ�UDJLRQH�GHOOD�VXD�SULRULWj�FURQRORJLFD�H�GHOOD�GLYHUVLWj�GHL�VXRL�IURQWL��GHL�VXRL�PRGL�GL�HVSUHVVLRQH�H�GHOOD�ULFFKH]]D�GHO�GLEDWWLWR�VXVFLWDWR����,Q�JHQHUDOH��OD�1pJULWXGH�q�FRQVLGHUDWD�FRPH�XQ�JULGR�GL�GRORUH�H�GL�ULYROWD�GL�IURQWH�DJOL�DEXVL�GHOOD�FROR�QL]]D]LRQH��DO�GLVSUH]]R�SHU�O¶XRPR�QHUR��SHU�OH�VXH�FXOWXUH�H�WUDGL]LRQL��6L�WUDWWD�GL�SURWHVWDUH�FRQWUR�OD�GRPLQD]LRQH��OR�VIUXWWDPHQWR�H�OD�GHPRQLFL]]D]LRQH�GHO�1HUR��3HU�GLUOD�LQ�WHUPLQL�SRVLWLYL��SL��FKH�GL�XQD�VHPSOLFH�SURWHVWD�q�TXHVWLRQH�GL�PHWWHUH�¿QH�DO�GRPLQLR�FRORQLDOH�H�GL�ULDELOLWDUH�L�YDORUL�H�OH�WUDGL]LRQL�QHUR�DIULFDQH�GD�WURSSR�VFKHUQLWH����4XHVWD�FRUUHQWH�GL�SHQVLHUR�QRQ�KD�FRQRVFLXWR�XQ¶HYROX]LRQH�OLQHDUH�R�XQLIRUPH��$JOL�RULHQWDPHQWL�SRHWLFL�R�¿ORVR¿FL�VRQR�VHJXLWH�DQDOLVL�SROLWLFKH�R�SVLFRDQDOLWLFKH��$O�GL�Oj�GL�TXHVWH�GLIIHUHQ]H��FR�PXQTXH��L�SURWDJRQLVWL�GHOOD�1pJULWXGH�KDQQR�LQ�FRPXQH�LO�SURJHWWR�GL�ULWURYDUH�H�GLIHQGHUH�XQ¶HUHGLWj�GL�YDORUL�H�GL�WUDGL]LRQL�GHJQH�GL�ULVSHWWR��YDOH�D�GLUH�GL�HVVHUH�FRQVLGHUDWH�FRPH�³YDORUL�GL�FLYLOL]]D]LRQH´�D�SLHQR�WLWROR��,O�ORUR�ODYRUR�GL�VFDYR�KD�GDWR�QXPHURVL�ULVXOWDWL�GL�YDOLGLWj��SHUWLQHQ]D�H�ULSHUFXVVLRQH�GLVHJXDOH��/¶DIIHUPD]LRQH�GHOO¶DQWHULRULWj�GHOOD�FLYLOL]]D�]LRQH�QHUD�GD�SDUWH�GL�&KHLNK�$QWD�'LRS��LO�PLVWLFLVPR�GHOOD�SRHVLD�VHQJKRULDQD��LO�SURFHVVR�FRQWUR�LO�FRORQLDOLVPR�GL�&pVDLUH��LO�ULJHWWR�GHL�WUDXPDWLVPL�GHO�IDWWR�FRORQLDOH�GD�SDUWH�GL�)D�QRQ��O¶DFFHQGHUVL�GHOOD�¿DPPD�OLEHUDWULFH�QHJOL�VFULWWL�GL�6WDQLVODV�6SHUR�$GRWHYL��O¶HPHUJHUH�GL�QXRYH�¿ORVR¿H�H�WHRORJLH�VRQR�DOWUHWWDQWL�HIIHWWL�GL�TXHVWD�ORWWD��7XWWDYLD��QHOOD�VXD�LQVL�VWHQ]D�VXOOD�ULFHUFD�H�OD�ULDELOLWD]LRQH�GHL�YDORUL�H�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�QHUR�DIULFDQH��OD�1pJULWXGH�KD�VYLOXSSDWR�XQD�VRUWD�GL�³QD]LRQDOLVPR�FXOWXUDOH´��GL�FXL�LO�FXOWXUDOLVPR�R�O¶HWQRFHQWULVPR�IX�XQR�GHJOL�HIIHWWL�LPPHGLDWL��,QROWUH��SHU�GLUOD�FRQ�0HVVL�0HWRJR��©*OL�VWHVVL�SUREOHPL�FXO�WXUDOL�VRQR�VFDQGDORVDPHQWH�VHPSOL¿FDWL��ULGRWWL�D�IRONORUH��SRLFKp�DVWUDWWL�ULVSHWWR�DOOD�YLWD�VRFLDOHª����3HU�TXHVWR�DOFXQL�LQWHUSUHWL�YL�FROJRQR�XQ�PRGR�GL�SHUSHWXDUH�O¶DOLHQD]LRQH�R�XQD�FRSLD�URYHVFLDWD�GHO�GLVFRUVR�FRORQLDOH��L�FXL�HIIHWWL�SHUz�UHVWDQR�VLPLOL�DOO¶RULJLQDOH�/D�ULFHUFD�GL�ULFRQRVFLPHQWR�GL�YDORUL�H� WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�VL�ULYROJH�YHUVR�IRQGDPHQWL�

LQDWWHVL��&LQTXDQW¶DQQL�ID�)DQRQ�QRWDYD��©,�1HUL�FRVWLWXLVFRQR�XQD�VRUWD�GL�DVVLFXUD]LRQH�GL�XPDQLWj�SHU�L�%LDQFKL��4XDQGR�L�%LDQFKL�VL�VHQWRQR�WURSSR�PHFFDQL]]DWL��VL�ULYROJRQR�DJOL�XRPLQL�GL�FRORUH�H�FKLHGRQR�ORUR�LO�QXWULPHQWR�GL�XQ�SRFR�GL�XPDQLWjª����'L�FKH�VL�WUDWWD�LQ�FRQFUHWR"�'L�ULPHGLDUH�DO�GH¿FLW�GHOOD�³FLYLOL]]D]LRQH�RFFLGHQWDOH´�����GHO�WXWWR�LQFDSDFH�GL�UL�

��� &IU��WUD�JOL�DOWUL��6�6��$GRWHYL��1pJULWXGH�HW�QpJURORJXH��/H�&DVWRU�$VWUDO��3DULV�������)��(ERXVVL�%RX�ODJD��/D�FULVH�GX�0XQWX��$XWKHQWLFLWp�DIULFDLQH�HW�SKLORVRSKLH��3UpVHQFH�DIULFDLQH��3DULV�������WU��LW��$XWHQWLFLWj�DIULFDQD�H�¿ORVR¿D��/D�FULVL�GHO�0XQWX��LQWHOOLJHQ]D��UHVSRQVDELOLWj��OLEHUD]LRQH��0DULQRWWL��0LODQR������

��� /D�UDGLFDOLWj�GHOOD�FULWLFD�GL�DXWRUL�FRPH�$LPp�&pVDLUH��$OEHUW�0HPPL��)UDQW]�)DQRQ��6WDQLVODV�$GR�/D�UDGLFDOLWj�GHOOD�FULWLFD�GL�DXWRUL�FRPH�$LPp�&pVDLUH��$OEHUW�0HPPL��)UDQW]�)DQRQ��6WDQLVODV�$GR�WHYL��HWF��GL�IURQWH�DOOD�FRORQL]]D]LRQH�QRQ�HVSULPH�DOWUR�FKH�LO�ULVYROWR�GHOOD�PHGDJOLD��YDOH�D�GLUH�LO�ORUR�DWWDFFDPHQWR�DOOD�FDXVD�GHOOD�QpJULWXGH�

��� (��0HVVL�0HWRJR��7KpRORJLH�DIULFDLQH�HW�HWKQRSKLORVRSKLH��/¶+DUPDWWDQ��3DULV�������S�������� )��)DQRQ��3HDX�QRLUH��PDVTXHV�EODQFV��FLW���S��������� $��&pVDLUH��'LVFRXUV�VXU�OH�FRORQLDOLVPH��3UpVHQFH�$IULFDLQH��3DULV�������S����

Page 5: $OEHUW /XPHPEX .DVDQGD /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529 ...romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Le-tradizioni... · ,owhpd gl %#eho /d qhjd]lrqh ghooh wudgl]lrql diulfdqh

���

,O $OEHUW�/XPHPEX�.DVDQGD/H�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�DOOD�SURYD�GHOOD��

VROYHUH�L�SUREOHPL�SURYRFDWL�GDO�VXR�IXQ]LRQDPHQWR��&RQ�TXHVWR�VL�DOOXGH�DQFKH�DL�YDORUL�GHO�OD�VROLGDULHWj��GHOO¶RVSLWDOLWj��GHOOD�SURWH]LRQH�GHOOD�QDWXUD��GHOO¶DWWDFFDPHQWR�DOOD�YLWD�HWF�����,Q�XQ¶RSHUD�UHODWLYDPHQWH�UHFHQWH�H�FULWLFD�GHOOD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH�DWWXDOH��$QQH�&pFLOH�5REHUW�FRQGLYLGH�TXHVWD�RS]LRQH��9HGH�QHO�&RQWLQHQWH�QHUR�XQD�ULVHUYD�GL�YDORUL�H� WUDGL]LRQL�FKH�PDQFDQR�DWWXDOPHQWH�DOO¶HYROX]LRQH��,QYLWD�SHUFLz�D�URYHVFLDUH�O¶RWWLFD�FRQ�FXL�FRQVLGHUDUH�O¶DSSRUWR�GHOO¶$IULFD�DO�PRQGR�H�GLIHQGH�LO�SDWULPRQLR�FXOWXUDOH�DIULFDQR�FRPH�DOWHUQDWLYD�D�XQ�PRQGR�DVLPPHWULFR�GLVXPDQL]]DWR��3HU�OHL��©/¶$IULFD�HVSULPH�YDORUL�H�PHQWDOLWj�³DOWUH´��FKH�SRWUHEEHUR�UHQGHUH�XQ�EXRQ�VHUYL]LR�D�XQ�PRQGR�VXOO¶RUOR�GHO�EDUDWURª����0HQ]LRQD�WUD�TXHVWL�YDORUL��

>«@�FKH�VL�WURYDQR�LQ�$IULFD�H�FKH�VL�GLVWLQJXRQR�GD�TXHOOL�SURPRVVL�GDOO¶2FFLGHQWH�FDSLWDOLVWD��XQ�UL¿XWR�GHOOD�WLUDQQLD�GHO�WHPSR��XQ�SRWHUH�H�XQ¶DXWRULWj�LQGLYLVLELOL��XQ�UDSSRUWR�GLIIHUHQWH�GHOO¶LQGL�YLGXR�DOOD�FROOHWWLYLWj��XQ¶DFFHWWD]LRQH�H�XQD�FDQDOL]]D]LRQH�GHOOH�SDVVLRQL��FRQ�L�ULWL���XQD�UHVLVWHQ�]D�DOO¶DFFXPXOD]LRQH�GHOOH�ULFFKH]]H��XQ�LQVHULPHQWR�SDFL¿FR�QHOO¶DPELHQWH��4XHVWL�YDORUL�VHPEUD�QR�LO�QHJDWLYR�±�SLXWWRVWR�LO�SRVLWLYR�±�GHO�PRQGR�RFFLGHQWDOH�PRQGLDOL]]DWR��/DVFLDQR�LQWUDYHGHUH�FKH�O¶HYROX]LRQH�GHO�PRQGR�SRWUHEEH�HIIHWWXDUVL�DOWULPHQWL��LQ�PRGR�SL��HTXLOLEUDWR��SL��PRGHVWR��PHQR�SUHGDWRULR��SL��SUHYHJJHQWH���

6H�LO�GLVFRUVR�GHOOD�1pJULWXGH�VL�q�HODERUDWR�LQ�WHUPLQL�GL�RSSRVL]LRQH�DOOD�FRORQL]]D]LRQH�H�DOOD�QHJD]LRQH�GHL�YDORUL�H�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH��OD�GLIHVD�GHOOD�ORUR�ULDELOLWD]LRQH�VL�VYLOXSSD�SLXWWRVWR�VXOOD�EDVH�GL�XQD�ORJLFD�FRQWUDULD��XQD�GRSSLD�UHVLVWHQ]D�DOOH�XPLOLD]LRQL�FRORQLDOL�H�DJOL�DVVDOWL�GHOOD�PRQGLDOL]]D]LRQH��4XHVWR�GLVFRUVR�VL�IRQGD�VXOOR�VWHVVR�HUURUH�GHO�SUHFHGHQ�WH��YDOH�D�GLUH�SULYLOHJLD�XQ�VROR�RUL]]RQWH��SUHQGH�FRPH�SXQWR�GL�SDUWHQ]D�XQLFR�H�YDOLGR�SHU�WXWWL��D�WXWWH�OH�ODWLWXGLQL��XQD�UHDOWj�ORFDOH�R�VLQJRODUH��&RPH�ULFRUGD�)DELHQ�(ERXVVL�%RXODJD��©4XDQWR�YL�q�WUDVPHVVR�GL�XPDQLWj�FRQFUHWD�q�IHGHOH�D�TXHVWR�TXDGUR��DO�GL�IXRUL�GL�FXL�QRQ�YL�q�FKH�HVWUDQHLWj��EDUEDULH�R�DQLPDOLWjª����(�GXQTXH��FRPH�LO�SDUDGLJPD�GHOOD�FRORQL]]D]LRQH��LO�SURFHVVR�GHOOD�ULDELOLWD]LRQH�q�LQ�TXHVWR�FRQWHVWR�XQ�GLVFRUVR�FKH�QRQ�DPPHWWH�OD�PROWH�SOLFLWj��OD�SOXUDOLWj�GHOOH�VWRULH�R�GHL�OLQJXDJJL��Ê��LQ�DOWUL�WHUPLQL��XQ�GLVFRUVR�HVVHQ]LDOLVWD�H�PRQRFXOWXUDOH��2FFXOWDQGR�OD�GLYHUVLWj�H�OD�VXD�ULFFKH]]D��TXHVWR�GLVFRUVR�VL�EORFFD�ULVSHWWR�DOOD�FRQRVFHQ]D�UHFLSURFD�H�DOOR�VFDPELR�LQWHUFXOWXUDOH��

���/H�FXOWXUH�DIULFDQH�H�OD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH��O¶DSRFDOLVVH�GHOOH�FXOWXUH�,O�GLVFRUVR�VXOOD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH�q�FRPSRVWR�GL�LGHH�H�GL�UHDOWj�GLIIHUHQWL��DQFKH�FRQWUDGGLWWR�

ULH��1H�HVDPLQHUHPR�TXL�O¶DVSHWWR�UHODWLYR�DOO¶LQWHUD]LRQH�WUD�FXOWXUH��,Q�HIIHWWL��VRQR�QXPHURVL�FRORUR�FKH�YL�FROJRQR�LO�SURJHWWR�GL�XQD�PRUWH�DQQXQFLDWD�GHOOH�FXOWXUH�DO�GL�Oj�GHOOD�FXOWXUD�DPH�ULFDQD��O¶,GUD�FKH�LQFDUQHUHEEH�O¶LGHRORJLD�QHR�OLEHULVWD��&RVu�SHQVD�DG�HVHPSLR�%HQMDPLQ�%DU�EHU��FKH�LQ�&XOWXUH�0F:RUOG�FRQWUH�OD�GpPRFUDWLH�GHQXQFLD�O¶LOOXVLRQH�GHOOD�UHFLSURFLWj�FXOWXUDOH�R�HFRQRPLFD�GLIHVD�GDL�SURWDJRQLVWL�GHOOD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH��3HU�OXL�OD�WHVL�GHOOD�UHFLSURFLWj�QRQ�q�

��� &IU��3�(�$��(OXQJX��7UDGLWLRQ�DIULFDLQH�HW�UDWLRQDOLWp�PRGHUQH��/¶+DUPDWWDQ��3DULV��������� $��5REHUW��/¶$IULTXH�DX�VHFRXUV�GH�O¶2FFLGHQW��/HV�(GLWLRQV�GH�O¶$WHOLHU��3DULV�������S�������� ,YL��S��������� )��(ERXVVL�%RXODJD��/D�FULVH�GX�0XQWX��FLW���S�������WU��LW��FLW���S������

Page 6: $OEHUW /XPHPEX .DVDQGD /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529 ...romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Le-tradizioni... · ,owhpd gl %#eho /d qhjd]lrqh ghooh wudgl]lrql diulfdqh

���

,O WHPD�GL�%#EHO

DOWUR�FKH�XQ�PLUDJJLR��6L�WUDWWD��LQ�UHDOWj��GL�XQ�SURFHVVR�DWWUDYHUVR�FXL�OD�FXOWXUD�SL��IRUWH�LQJXU�JLWD�OD�SL��GHEROH��FRPH�XQ�SLWRQH�GLYRUD�XQD�OHSUH��%DUEHU�VHJQD�D�GLWR�OD�FXOWXUD�DPHULFDQD�FKH��DWWUDYHUVR�OH�VXH�GLIIHUHQWL�LFRQH��RUPDL�PRQGLDOL]]DWH��0DF'RQDOG��'LVQH\ODQG��079��&11��HWF���SDUDOL]]D�O¶HYROX]LRQH�GHOOH�DOWUH�FXOWXUH��6HFRQGR�OXL�LQ�OXRJR�H�DO�SRVWR�GHOOD�GLYHUVLWj�FXOWXUDOH�DWWXDOH��OD�GLQDPLFD�0F:RUOG�VDUHEEH�VXO�SXQWR�GL�IRUJLDUH�XQ�PRQGR�VWDQGDUGL]]DWR��XQD�VRFLHWj�XQLYHUVDOH�GL�FRQVXPDWRUL�GRYH�OD�GLYHUVLWj�HWQLFD��OD�SOXUDOLWj�GHOOH�FXOWXUH�R�O¶DSSDU�WHQHQ]D�FRPXQLWDULD�GHJOL�LQGLYLGXL�SHUGHUHEEHUR�RJQL�FRQVLVWHQ]D�H�LQFLGHQ]D�D�YDQWDJJLR�GHOOD�VROYLELOLWj�HFRQRPLFD����4XHVWD�DQDOLVL�q�FRQGLYLVD�GD�QXPHURVL�FLUFROL�DOWUR�PRQGLDOLVWL��0ROWL�YL�YHGRQR�XQ�DWWHQWDWR�LQWROOHUDELOH�DOOD�VRYUDQLWj�GHL�SRSROL�H�DOO¶LQWHJULWj�GHOOH�ORUR�WUDGL]LRQL��3HUFLz�OL�ULFKLDPDQR�D�XQD�UHVLVWHQ]D�DJJUHVVLYD��6L�LVFULYRQR�LQ�TXHVWD�ORJLFD�L�IDWWL�GL�6HDWWOH�H�L�UDGXQL�DQQXDOL�D�3RUWR�$OHJUH��1HVVXQ�GXEELR�FKH�TXHVWR�DWWHJJLDPHQWR�FRQWULEXLVFH�D�GH�QXQFLDUH�H�D�GHOHJLWWLPDUH�OD�ORJLFD�QHROLEHUDOH�WULRQIDQWH��&RPH�DEELDPR�JLj�GHWWR��QRQ�UHVSLQ�JLDPR�OD�SHUWLQHQ]D�GL�TXHVWD�FULWLFD�GHOOD�ORJLFD�GHO�VLVWHPD�GRPLQDQWH��7XWWDYLD�LQVLVWLDPR�FRO�GLUH�FKH�HVVD�QRQ�WLHQH�FRQWR�GHOOD�QDWXUD�H�GHOOH�LPSOLFD]LRQL�GHL�GDWL�VSHFL¿FDPHQWH�FXOWXUDOL��FRUUHQGR�LO�ULVFKLR�GL�PRVWUDUVL�D�VXD�YROWD�PRQRFXOWXUDOH�H�GRJPDWLFD�,O�SUREOHPD�GHO�GLYHQLUH�GHOOH�FXOWXUH�H�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH��GHOOD�ORUR�DXWHQWLFLWj�H�FDSDFLWj�

GL�VYLOXSSDUH�XQ�UDSSRUWR�LQWHUFXOWXUDOH�DXWHQWLFR�VL�SRQH�RJJL�FRQ�PDJJLRU�DVSUH]]D�FKH�PDL��3HU�GHOLPLWDUH�SHU�¿OR�H�SHU�VHJQR�TXHVWR�UDSSRUWR��FRQYLHQH�HVSOLFLWDUH�O¶DPDOJDPD�FKH�FDUDWWHUL]]D�LO�GLVFRUVR�GHOOD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH��,Q�SULPR�OXRJR�ULFRUGLDPR�LO�IDWWR�FRPXQHPHQWH�DPPHVVR��SHU�FXL�TXHVWR�GLVFRUVR�LQFOXGH�GXH�UHDOWj�GL�QDWXUD�GLIIHUHQWH��'D�XQ�ODWR�L�SURGRWWL�FRVLGGHWWL�³FXOWX�UDOL´��GDOO¶DOWUR�JOL�HIIHWWL�GL�XQD�R�SL��WUDGL]LRQL��,�SURGRWWL�FXOWXUDOL�VRQR�FHUWDPHQWH�GHJOL�DUWHIDWWL�GHOOD�WHFQRORJLD�PRGHUQD��6L�WUDWWD�GL�RJJHWWL�GL�FRQVXPR�GL�PDVVD��HI¿PHUL�H�FRQWLQXDPHQWH�ULQ�QRYDWL��Ê�LO�FDVR��WUD�DOWUL��GHOOD�SURGX]LRQH�GL�DXWRPRELOL��GHOOD�FLQHPDWRJUD¿D��GHOO¶LQIRUPDWLFD�R��IDWWH�VDOYH�OH�JLXVWH�SURSRU]LRQL��GHOO¶LQGXVWULD�DOLPHQWDUH��*OL�DUWHIDWWL�VRQR�GLVWULEXLWL�LQ�PRGR�GLVXJXDOH�QHO�PRQGR�LQ�UDJLRQH�GHOOD�ORJLFD�HFRQRPLFD��4XHVWL�EHQL�WHVWLPRQLDQR�GL�XQD�PRELOLWj�VHQ]D�SUHFHGHQWL��JUD]LH�DO�VXSSRUWR�LQIRUPDWLFR�H�DL�QXRYL�PH]]L�GL�FRPXQLFD]LRQH��3HU�UDJLRQL�GLIIHUHQWL��IDQQR�SDUWH�LQROWUH�GHOOH�DVSLUD]LRQL�OHJLWWLPH�GHL�SRSROL�DIULFDQL��Ê�LO�FDVR��DG�HVHPSLR��GHL�PH]]L�GL�WUDVSRUWR��GHOOH�VWUXWWXUH�SHU�O¶LQIRUPD]LRQH�H�OD�FRPXQLFD]LRQH��UDGLR��WHOHYLVLRQH��VWDPSD�HWF����GHL�IDUPDFL�H�GHJOL�DSSURYYLJLRQDPHQWL�GL�FLER�H�DFTXD�SRWDELOH��&RPH�WXWWR�LO�SLD�QHWD��O¶$IULFD�q�FRQGL]LRQDWD�GD�TXHVWL�SURGRWWL��9L�DVSLUD�SURIRQGDPHQWH�H�OD�VXD�q�XQ¶DVSLUD]LRQH�SL��FKH�OHJLWWLPD��9ROHUOD�GLVVXDGHUH�VDUHEEH�XQ�SHUFRUVR�UHWURJUDGR�H�XQ�HUURUH�VWRULFR��$O�FRQ�WUDULR�GHJOL�DUWHIDWWL��JOL�HIIHWWL�GL�XQD�WUDGL]LRQH�VIXJJRQR�DOO¶LPSUHVD�LQGXVWULDOH��,Q�JHQHUH�QRQ�VRQR�RJJHWWL�GL�FRQVXPR�Qp�VRQR�IDFLOPHQWH�VSRVWDELOL��6¶LVFULYRQR�QHOOD�GXUDWD�H�VL�DFTXLVLVFRQR�SHU�WUDVPLVVLRQH�DWWUDYHUVR�XQ�DSSUHQGLVWDWR�SD]LHQWH��6RQR��SHU�FRVu�GLUH��JOL�HOHPHQWL�FKH�LGHQWL�¿FDQR�H�FRVWLWXLVFRQR�TXHL�SXQWL�GL�ULIHULPHQWR�VHQ]D�FXL�L�PHPEUL�GL�XQD�VRFLHWj�QRQ�VDSUHEEHUR�Qp�GD�GRYH�YHQJRQR�Qp�FRPH�RULHQWDUH�LO�ORUR�FRPSRUWDPHQWR��6RQR�XQD�VRUWD�GL�EXVVROD�VRFLDOH��6RQR�EHQL�FKH�SHUPHWWRQR�GL�SDUODUH�GL�FXOWXUD�EHUEHUD��EUHWRQH��LWDOLDQD��DPHULQGLD�R�DIULFDQD��LQ�UDJLRQH�GHO�ORUR�UDGLFDPHQWR�VRFLDOH�H�JHRJUD¿FR��6RQR�LQVRPPD�EHQL�FRVWLWXWLYL�GHOOD�FXOWXUD�VHFRQGR�O¶HVSUHVVLRQH�GL�7D\ORU��YDOH�D�GLUH�LQ�TXDQWR�VRQR�XQD��©7RWDOLWj�FRPSOHVVD�FKH�LQFOXGH�OH�FRQRVFHQ]H��OH�FUHGHQ]H��OH�DUWL��OH�OHJJL��OD�PRUDOH��LO�FRVWXPH�H�RJQL�DOWUD�FDSDFLWj�R�DELWXGLQH�DFTXLVLWD�GDOO¶XRPR�LQ�TXDQWR�PHPEUR�GHOOD�VRFLHWjª���

��� %��%DUEHU��&XOWXUH�0F:RUOG�FRQWUH�OD�GpPRFUDWLH��LQ�©/H�PRQGH�GLSORPDWLTXHª��������Q�������SS����������� &LWDWR�GD�-��3��:DUQLHU��/D�PRQGLDOLVDWLRQ�GH�OD�FXOWXUH��FLW���S����

Page 7: $OEHUW /XPHPEX .DVDQGD /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529 ...romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Le-tradizioni... · ,owhpd gl %#eho /d qhjd]lrqh ghooh wudgl]lrql diulfdqh

���

,O,Q�$IULFD�LO�UDSSRUWR�WUD�DUWHIDWWL�H�WUDGL]LRQL�q�LQQHJDELOH��WXWWDYLD��FRPH�DEELDPR�JLj�VXJ�

JHULWR�� WXWWL�DVSLUDQR�D�JRGHUH�GHO�FRQIRUWR�UHDOH�R� LPPDJLQDULR�SURPHVVR�GDL�QXRYL�DUWHIDWWL�WHFQRORJLFL��4XHVWR�GHVLGHULR�HVSULPHUHEEH�IRUVH��LSVR�IDFWR��O¶DEEDQGRQR�R�O¶DQQLHQWDPHQWR�GL�YDORUL�H�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH"�7XWW¶DOWUR��/H�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�QRQ�KDQQR�DVSHWWDWR�LO�YHQWR�GHOOD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH�SHU�LQWHJUDUH�L�SURGRWWL�LQGXVWULDOL�R�VWUDQLHUL�QHOOD�ORUR�HYROX]LRQH��8QD�ULOHWWXUD�DWWHQWD�GHOOD�VWRULD�PHWWH�SLXWWRVWR�LQ�HYLGHQ]D�OD�ORUR�FDSDFLWj�GL�DFFRJOLHUH��UHVLVWHUH�R�UHLQWH�SUHWDUH�TXHVWL�DUWHIDWWL�GDQGR�ORUR�QXRYL�XVL�H�VLJQL¿FDWL�VSHVVR�LQDWWHVL��,QYHFH�GXQTXH�GL�SRUVL�D�TXHVWR�SURSRVLWR�OD�GRPDQGD�VXOO¶LQWHUD]LRQH�WUD�FXOWXUH��FRQFOXGHQGR�LQ�WHUPLQL�HVFOXVLYL�GL�DQQLHQWDPHQWR�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH��FL�VHPEUD�SHUWLQHQWH�FRQVLGHUDUH�WDOH�LQWHUD]LRQH�VRWWR�O¶DVSHWWR�GHO�ULFRQRVFLPHQWR�GHOO¶DOWUR��GHOOH�VXH�GLIIHUHQ]H�H�GHO�VXR�SRWHQ]LDOH�FRVWUXWWLYR�SHU�OH�DOWUH�FXOWXUH�R�WUDGL]LRQL��SXU�VHQ]D�WUDVFXUDUH�OD�FULWLFD�VRWWHVD�GHO�QHR�OLEHULVPR��,Q�HIIHWWL��OD�QR]LRQH�GL�ULFRQRVFLPHQWR�SUHVXSSRQH�XQ�FDPELDPHQWR�SUHOLPLQDUH�GL�RWWLFD�VX�QRL�VWHVVL�H�VXOOD�QRVWUD�FXOWXUD����Ê�TXHVWLRQH�GL�RSHUDUH�XQR�VSRVWDPHQWR�GHO�QRVWUR�FRQVXHWR�FHQWUR�GL�JUDYLWj�LQWHOOHWWXDOH��SUHQGHUH�XQD�GLVWDQ]D�FULWLFD�ULVSHWWR�DL�SXQWL�GL�ULIHULPHQWR�FKH�WUDGL]LRQDOPHQWH�VRQR� ULWHQXWL� VDFUL�� LQWRFFDELOL� H� LQHOXGLELOL��4XHVWR� FDPELR�G¶RWWLFD� FL� SHUPHWWH�GL� SHUFHSLUH�O¶DXWRQRPLD�H�LO�GLQDPLVPR�GHOOH�DOWUH�WUDGL]LRQL��&L�UHQGH�VHQVLELOL�DO�IDWWR�FKH�DQFKH�OH�DOWUH�WUD�GL]LRQL�QRQ�YLYRQR�LQ�XQD�FDPSDQD�GL�YHWUR��QRQ�VRQR�HUPHWLFDPHQWH�FKLXVH�LQ�VH�VWHVVH�ULVSHWWR�DOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH��$O�FRQWUDULR��q�D�FRQWDWWR�FRQ�OH�DOWUH�FKH�DWWLQJRQR�OD�ORUR�IRU]D�H�FDSD�FLWj�GL�ULQQRYDPHQWR��1HO�VRVWHQHUH�TXHVWR��LQVLVWLDPR�VXOO¶LGHD�FKH�OH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�QRQ�VRQR�UHDOWj�VWDWLFKH��LPPXWDELOL�QHO�WHPSR�H�QHOOR�VSD]LR��&RQWUDULDPHQWH�DL�SURWDJRQLVWL�GL�XQD�FRQFH]LRQH�GRJPDWLFD�FKH�PXPPL¿FD�OH�WUDGL]LRQL��LQWHVH�FRPH�HUHGLWj�VDFUD�H�LQWRFFDELOH���QRL�YL�FRJOLDPR�SLXWWRVWR�O¶HVSUHVVLRQH�GL�XQD�FRVFLHQ]D�FULWLFD�H�YLJLODQWH�FKH��ULJHWWDQGR�RJQL�JLX�GL]LR�DQDFURQLVWLFR�H�PRUDOLVWLFR�GHO�SDVVDWR�R�GHJOL�DQWHQDWL��VL�HVHUFLWD�VXO�SUHVHQWH�H�VL�RULHQWD�YHUVR�LO�IXWXUR��4XHVWD�FRVFLHQ]D�UL¿XWD�RJQL�FLHFR�DWWDFFDPHQWR�D�SUHWHVH�HYLGHQ]H�HUHGLWDWH�GDO�SDVVDWR��SHU�LPSHJQDUVL�QHOOD�GHQXQFLD�GHOOH�IRU]H�PRUWLIHUH�FKH��LQ�QRPH�GHO�SDVVDWR�VWHVVR��ULSURGXFRQR�O¶DOLHQD]LRQH�GHOOD�VFKLDYLW��H�GHOOD�FRORQL]]D]LRQH��/D�FRVFLHQ]D�YLJLODQWH�ULJHWWD�WXWWH�TXHOOH�IRU]H�FKH�FRQWULEXLVFRQR�FRQ�GLYHUVL�SUHWHVWL�D�©GRPDUH�O¶XRPR��ULGXUOR�DOOD�FRQGL�]LRQH�GL�RJJHWWR��VSRJOLDQGR�LO�VXR�³PRQGR´�H�OD�VXD�SHUVRQDOLWj�LQGLYLGXDOH�H�FROOHWWLYD��¿QR�D�FKH�VL�ULQQHJKL�R�VL�GLVWUXJJD�GD�Vp��VHQWHQGRVL�GL�WURSSR�QHOO¶HVLVWHQ]D�H�QHOOD�VWRULD��VWUDQLHUR�DOOD�VXD�WHUUD��DOOD�VXD�OLQJXD��DO�VXR�FRUSRª����Ê�GXQTXH�XQD�WDOH�FRVFLHQ]D�FKH�GHYH�JXLGDUH�OD�JHVWLRQH�GHO�SURFHVVR�LQWHUFXOWXUDOH�LQ�WHUUD�DIULFDQD��

���$O�FXRUH�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH

&RPH� O¶DEELDPR� JLj� WUDWWHJJLDWD�� O¶LQWHUFXOWXUDOLWj� SUHVXSSRQH� OD� SRVVLELOLWj� GL� XQR�VFDPELR�WUD�DOPHQR�GXH�FXOWXUH�GLIIHUHQWL��3DUWHQGR�GDOOD�QDWXUD�H�GDO�UXROR�ULFRQRVFLXWR�DOOD�PHPRULD� YLJLODQWH�� ULDIIHUPLDPR� O¶LGHD� VHFRQGR� FXL� XQ�YHUR� VFDPELR� LQWHUFXOWXUDOH�QRQ� WROOHUD� O¶LQHJXDJOLDQ]D� GHOOH� FRQGL]LRQL�� LO� PLVFRQRVFLPHQWR� GHOO¶DOWUD� FXOWXUD� R� OD�VXD�ULGX]LRQH�DOOR�VWDWXWR�GL�RJJHWWR��Ê�XQD�FRQGL]LRQH�SUHOLPLQDUH�GL�TXDOXQTXH�SHQVLHUR�LQWHUFXOWXUDOH��,O�ULFRQRVFLPHQWR�GHOO¶DOWUR�FRPH�HQWLWj�DXWRQRPD�H�GLIIHUHQWH��SRUWDWULFH�GL�

��� $�SURSRVLWR�GHOOR�VJXDUGR�H�GHL�VXRL�HIIHWWL�FIU��)��)DQRQ��3HDX�QRLUH��PDVTXHV�EODQFV��FLW���SS����������� )��(ERXVVL�%RXODJD��/D�FULVH�GX�0XQWX��FLW���S�������WU��LW��FLW���S������

$OEHUW�/XPHPEX�.DVDQGD/H�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�DOOD�SURYD�GHOOD��

Page 8: $OEHUW /XPHPEX .DVDQGD /( 75$',=,21, $)5,&$1( $//$ 3529 ...romatrepress.uniroma3.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Le-tradizioni... · ,owhpd gl %#eho /d qhjd]lrqh ghooh wudgl]lrql diulfdqh

���

,O WHPD�GL�%#EHO

XQ�GLVFRUVR�DOWUHWWDQWR�YDOLGR�VXOOD�YHULWj��OD�EHOOH]]D��OD�JLXVWL]LD��q�OD�VXD�V¿GD�SULQFLSDOH��/XQJL�GDOO¶DVVLPLODUH�O¶DOWUR�R�LQWHJUDUOR��ULDVVRUEHQGRQH�O¶LGHQWLWj�R�OH�PDQLIHVWD]LRQL�LQ�XQ¶HVSUHVVLRQH�XQLFD�H�JOREDOL]]DQWH��GLVFRUVR�PRQRFXOWXUDOH��� OD�PHPRULD�FULWLFD� OR� OD�VFLD�DSSDULUH�QHOOD�VXD�VLQJRODULWj�FRPH�ULYHOD]LRQH�GHOOD�GLYHUVLWj�H�GHOOD�ULFFKH]]D�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�FKH�FRPSRQJRQR�LO�QRVWUR�SLDQHWD�H�LQ�SDUWLFRODUH�LO�&RQWLQHQWH�QHUR��/¶DQDOLVL�GHL�GLYHUVL�SDUDGLJPL�FKH�KDQQR�VDQFLWR�OD�UHOD]LRQH�WUD�O¶XQLYHUVR�DIULFDQR�H�TXHOOR�RFFL�GHQWDOH�O¶KD�EHQ�GLPRVWUDWR��6L�q�WUDWWDWR�GL�XQD�UHOD]LRQH�IRQGDPHQWDOPHQWH�DVLPPHWULFD��EDVDWD� VXOO¶DQWDJRQLVPR�H� LO�GRPLQLR��/D�GLYHUVLWj�FXOWXUDOH�GHO�&RQWLQHQWH�QHUR�q� VWDWD�QHJDWD�ROWUHWXWWR�D�YDQWDJJLR�GHO�PLWR�GL�XQD�FXOWXUD�DIULFDQD�XQLWDULD�H�RPRJHQHD��,O�FRU�VR�GHOOD�VWRULD�VL�q�SHUz�LQFDULFDWR�GL�ULFRUGDUH�TXHVWD�GLYHUVLWj��VSHVVR�LQ�PRGR�EUXWDOH�H�LQDWWHVR��QHOOD�VSHFLH�GHL�FRQÀLWWL�HWQLFL��GHOOH�FULVL�LGHQWLWDULH�R�GHL�QD]LRQDOLVPL�FKH�KDQQR�VFRQYROWR�O¶$IULFD�QHJOL�XOWLPL�GHFHQQL����/¶$IULFD�QRQ�q�XQ¶HQWLWj�RPRJHQHD�R�FKH�FRP�SRUWL�O¶RPRJHQHLWj��5LFRQRVFHUH�H�DVVXPHUH�OD�GLYHUVLWj�FRVWLWXWLYD�GL�TXHVWR�&RQWLQHQWH�H� OD� ULFFKH]]D� FKH� UDSSUHVHQWD� q� XQ� DWWHJJLDPHQWR� DOTXDQWR� VDOXWDUH��Ê� DQFKH�XQD� V¿GD�GL�SULPDULD�LPSRUWDQ]D�LQ�TXHVWL�WHPSL�GL�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH��SRLFKp�LO�ULFRQRVFLPHQWR�DSUH�QXRYH�SLVWH�GL�ULÀHVVLRQH��/D�SUREOHPDWLFD�LQWHUFXOWXUDOH�QRQ�VL�SRQH�SL��QHL�WHUPLQL�HVFOX�VLYDPHQWH� H� WUDGL]LRQDOPHQWH� ELQDUL� GHOO¶RSSRVL]LRQH� WUD�$IULFD� H�2FFLGHQWH�� WUDGL]LRQH�H�PRGHUQLWj��Ê�RUPDL�LPSHUDWLYR�SUHQGHUH�LQ�FRQVLGHUD]LRQH�DOWUH�YDULDELOL��6L�WUDWWD��SHU�HVHPSLR��GHOOD�FRQVLGHUD]LRQH�FKH�OH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH�ULYROJRQR�D�VH�VWHVVH��OH�XQH�ULVSHW�WR�DOOH�DOWUH��&RQFUHWDPHQWH��q�TXHVWLRQH�GL�XVFLUH�GDO�VROFR�GHO�GLDORJR�2FFLGHQWH�$IULFD�SHU�LQWHUHVVDUVL�DOOR�VSLULWR�H�DO�VHQVR�GHOOH�UHOD]LRQL�WUD�+XWX�H�7XWVL��%DOXED�H�%DNRQJR��%pWL�H�%DPLOpNp��,ER�H�<RUXED��0DVVDw�H�.LNX\X�H�YLD�GLFHQGR��/¶LQWHUHVVH�SHU�TXHVWR�LWL�QHUDULR�VL�LPSRQH�GD�Vp��6SHVVR�WUDVFXUDWH�R�UHVSLQWH�QHOOD�FDWHJRULD�GHOOD�EDUEDULH��TXHVWH�UHOD]LRQL�VRQR�DO�FXRUH�GHO�GLYHQLUH�GHOO¶$IULFD��LQ�TXDQWR�&RQWLQHQWH�¿HUR�GHOOD�VXD�GLYHU�VLWj�FXOWXUDOH�H�GHOOD�ULFFKH]]D�FKH�TXHVWR�SDWULPRQLR�UDSSUHVHQWD�SHU�O¶XPDQLWj��/D�V¿GD�q�DUGXD��(VLJH��FRPH�JLj�GHWWR��XQ�VRSUDVVDOWR�R�XQ�ULVYHJOLR�GHOOD�FRVFLHQ]D�FULWLFD�ULVSHWWR�D�VH�VWHVVL��DOOH�SURSULH�WUDGL]LRQL�H�YDORUL��PD�DQFKH�ULVSHWWR�DO�FRQWHVWR�JOREDOH�LQ�FXL�VL�LVFULYRQR�WUDGL]LRQL�H�YDORUL�DIULFDQL��Ê�VROR�D�TXHVWR�SUH]]R�FKH�O¶$IULFD�VDUj�DOO¶DOWH]]D�GHOOH�V¿GH�GHOOD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH�LQ�FRUVR��,O�GLEDWWLWR� VXOOH� UHOD]LRQL� WUD�FXOWXUH� VL� q� VYLOXSSDWR� LQ�$IULFD�DWWUDYHUVR�DOFXQL�SDUD�

GLJPL� IRQGDPHQWDOL�� OD� QHJD]LRQH�� OD� ULDELOLWD]LRQH� H� OD� JOREDOL]]D]LRQH��6H� L� SULPL�GXH�PRGHOOL�VL�VRQR�WUDGRWWL�LQ�WHUPLQL�GL�RSSRVL]LRQH�WUD�2FFLGHQWH�H�$IULFD��O¶XOWLPR�VXSHUD�TXHVWD�SURVSHWWLYD�SHU�YLD�GHOO¶LPPHQVD�FLUFROD]LRQH�GL�DUWHIDWWL��GL�ÀXVVL�PLJUDWRUL�H�GHOOD�SUHVD�GL�FRVFLHQ]D�GHOOD�SOXUDOLWj�GHL�YDORUL�H�GHOOH�WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH��,Q�TXHVWR�FRQWHVWR��OD�JOREDOL]]D]LRQH�ULFKLHGH�LO�ULFRQRVFLPHQWR�GL�WDOH�GLYHUVLWj�H�LO�ULQQRYDPHQWR�GHOOH�QR�VWUH�WUDGL]LRQL�H�FXOWXUH�FKH��OXQJL�GDOO¶HVVHUH�VWDWLFKH��VRQR�UHDOWj�GLQDPLFKH�H�YLYHQWL��3HU�TXHVWR�LO�ULVYHJOLR�GL�XQD�FRVFLHQ]D�FULWLFD��FKH�PHWWD�DO�FHQWUR�GHOOH�VXH�DQDOLVL�LO�UDSSRUWR�GHOOH� IRU]H�D� OLYHOOR�PRQGLDOH�H� OH� UHOD]LRQL�GHOOH� WUDGL]LRQL�DIULFDQH� WUD� ORUR�H�FRQ�DOWUH�WUDGL]LRQL��GLPRVWUD�GL�HVVHUH�XQ�SDVVDJJLR�QHFHVVDULR�H�LQGLIIHULELOH��

��� 5LFRUGLDPR� WUD�JOL� DOWUL� HYHQWL�� LO�JHQRFLGLR� UZDQGHVH�GHO������� OD� WHQVLRQH�HWQLFD� WUD� L�GLVFHQGHQWL�GHJOL�DQWLFKL�VFKLDYL�H�JOL�DELWDQWL�DXWRFWRQL�GHOOD�/LEHULD��JOL�HIIHWWL�GHO�GLEDWWLWR�VXOO¶LGHQWLWj�LYRULDQD�LQ�&RVWD�G¶$YRULR�HWF��&RPH�ULFRUGD�-HDQ�)UDQoRLV�%D\DUW�D�SURSRVLWR�GHOOR�6WDWR��HVLVWRQR�QXPHURVH�VFLVVLRQL�H�ELVRJQD�FRQRVFHUQH�OH�LQWHUD]LRQL��&IU��-��)��%D\DUW��/¶(WDW�HQ�$IULTXH��)D\DUG��3DULV�������