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tcef; (4)

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EG,fEG,f&,f/ okH;ESpfawmif rqdkif;MuygpdkYeJY ...}}

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ae&awmY tavmokH;q,f pum;pzdkY cJ,Of;aeygw,f ...}} Commerc

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]]EG,fEG,f rdef;rom;awmif qdk&Jao;wmyJ/ bkef;bkef;u a,musfm;bJ rqdk0HYp&m r½Sdygbl; ...}}

]]'gjzifY ...}}

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ukef;ab;? a&oGm;vQif a&ab;oifYí aovGefonfhtqkH;ü t0DpdwGif usygapom; ...}}[k NyKdifwl

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tusyf BuHpnfwJYolrsm;½Sd&if rdef;rom;uav;rdkY pdk;&drfrdaMumif;ajymwmyg/ bkef;bkef;udk bk&if

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rckcHEdkifu touftaocHvdkufrSmaygY}}

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EG,fEG,f Edkifoavmuf ckcHrSmaygY/ rEdkif&if EG,fEG,fYtouf bmESajrmp&m½SdovJ ...}} Commerc

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vlBuD;wpfa,mufeJY oli,fwpfa,mufawGUMuawmY ... vlBuD;u rif;[m igYom;t&if;yJ? 'gayr,fY

ig[m rif;taz r[kwfbl;vdkY ajymowJY/ vlBuD;eJYoli,f bmawmfMuovJvdkY ar;w,f/ vlBuD;?

oli,frsm; bmawmfMuovJvdkY ar;wmudk;/ EG,fEG,fu cPpOf;pm;NyD; olYtazr[kwf&if olYtareJY

awGUwmaygYvdkY ajymvdkufawmY auseyfoGm;wmyJ ...}}

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pdwfaeoabmxm; tBuHÓPfvJ wlMurS EG,fEG,f&JU/ 'gxuf bkef;bkef;[m v,fajreJY ukefonf

tvkyfudk pdwf0ifpm;aeayr,fY? trSefu ppfbufrSm trSKxrf;NyD; ppfwdkufcsifwJYpdwfawGu tvGef

rsm;aew,f/ taMumif;nDwJYwpfaeY ppfxJvdkufcsifwmyJ/ EG,fEG,fYoabm ...}}

]]aMomf ... bkef;bkef;u crnf;awmfBuD; ppfbufrSm ausmfovdk vlausmf ol&Jaumif;wpfa,muf

jzpfcsifw,f qdkygawmY/ 'Dvdk ol&Jaumif;wpfa,mufjzpfr,fqdk&if EG,fEG,fvJ ol&Jaumif;wpfOD;&JUZeD;

jzpfrSmrdkY odyfNyD;0rf;omwmaygY}}

]]tvdkvdkufNyD; tBuKdufudkajymaewmvm; EG,fEG,f&,f ...}}

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udk,ftrlt&m toGm;tvm a,musfm;vdkvdk Murf;wrf;w,fvdkY uJY&JUjcif;cH&zl;ygw,f ...}}

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cyfNyKH;NyKH;uav; Munfh½SKwJYNyD;vQif ...

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aeprf;yg}}[k ,k,ajymqdkav\/

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pum;ajymaumif;wkef;jzpfav\/ naecif;wGif axmufrxm;aom uJvm;wHcg;rsm;vnf; csvsuf

uRef;wdkifvkH;BuD;rsm;ab;wGif qDrD;cGufBuD;rsm;jzifY tvif;a&mifrsm; xGef;awmufvsuf½Sdav\/

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ESpfOD;tm; MunfEl;pdwfvef;atmif yufzsef;íaeMuav\/ xdktcdkuf rdNidrf;omonf jymjymovJ

uJvm;udk tjyifu acgufvdkufNyD; ...]]udkbkef; udkbkef;}}[k ac:av&m? armifbkef;jrifYvnf; ae&mrS

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bmvJ bmvJ}}[k ar;pOf armifbkef;jrifYonf uJvm;udk rav\/ uJvm;tjyifbufodkY ESpfOD;om;

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"m;ESifY tckwfcHrS cH&apawmY? 'djyifvl rxdap&bl;[k 0efuawmfBuD;ESifYtwl ]]oabmruswm

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awGvJ bb&,f? vlyJ tBuHeJ ÓPfeJYaewm/ wpfaeYaeY uvJYpm;acsEdkifrSmaygY}}[k 0ifa&mufajymqdk

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awmuf ... wdkif;jynfudk olrsm;vuftyf&w,fqdkwm 'DvdktaumifrsKd;awGaMumifYa[Y/ 'if;wdkYawmY

wpfaeYod&rSmaygYuG,f ...}}[k Budrf;0g;aeav\/ wpfzef 0efrif;onf pum;qufum ...

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qlnHoHMum;í rif;vkvifrsm;a&muf½Sdvm&m vJíowdarYaeolrsm;tm; ayGU,lvsuf aoG;rsm;udk

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tcef; ( 7 )

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&ifcGifwGif ayGU,lum ...

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EG,fEG,fvJ vdkufemaqmif½Guf0HYygw,f}}[k ajymjyav&m ...

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r[maqG olykefBuD;


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jywfoGm;vdkY ,ckBuHaqmifaewmxuf ydkrdk pdwfxufoefrvm;vdkY ...}}

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orQ tukefaysmufwmrdkY tm;wpfrsKd;jzpfaeygw,f ...}}

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qufvufajymqdkíaeMuav\/

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xrf;vsuf trSKaMuukefatmif toufpGefYaqmif½Gufolrsm; &mZ0ifwGif txift½Sm;½Sd&um;? wpfrsKd;vkH;

wpfjynfvkH;\ epfemcsufudk eufeJpGmod&NyD;jzpfí trsKd;twGuf toufESifYvJum aqmif½GufMuawmY

rnf[k ZeD;armifESHydkif;jzwfMuonfrSm tmZmenfwdkY\ tpOftvmyifjzpfygonf/ Commerc

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r[maqG olykefBuD;


aemufwpfaeY eHeufcif;wGif armifbkef;jrifYonf oefvsif0efrif;ESifYtwl vufzuf&nfMurf;

aomuf&if; EdkifiHa&;pum;rsm;udk ajymMum;aqG;aEG;íaecdkuf? rif;vkvifrsm; a&muf½SdvmojzifY txl;

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oefvsif0efrif;ESifYwuG ykodrf? ajrmif;jr? 'v? '*kefpaom atmufjrefrmEdkifiH

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aeí? vlqdk;vloGrf;wdkYtm; ajr§mufyifYay;aomaMumifY? b,ausmfolESifY rif;vkvifESpfOD;wdkY

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vma&mufMu&rnf/}}

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orD;jzpfoltm; b,ausmfol BuHpnfykHudk armifbkef;jrifYtm; ajymjyacsu? armifbkef;jrifYrSm xdkYxuf

a'gyGum wpfpkHwpf&m jzpfysufacsrnfpdk;aomaMumifY ...

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tppt&m&m owdxm;rS jzpfacsr,f}}

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csrf;omay;Edkifrnfr[kwfygí? wpfaeYaeYrSm w&m;pD&if&rnf trSefyifjzpfygw,f ...}}

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r[maqG olykefBuD;


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aqmif½GufrSKtpOftvmrSmvJ v,fbufqdkif&muom pkHprf;cGifY½Sdw,fvdkY od&ygw,f ...}}

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tcef; (8)

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oefvsif0efrif;rSm tpyxru b,ausmfoltm; pGyfpGJrdav&m? b,ausmfoludk,fwdkif

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r[maqG olykefBuD;


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r[maqG olykefBuD;


tcef; (11)

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tvGwfcdk;r&&if odrf;xm;wJY taqmuftODawGudk rD;½SKdUypfzdkY bb&JU ...}}

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ae[ef½Sdav\/ armifbkef;jrifYrSm rdrd0if;NcH tdrfywfvnfwGif tapmifYta½Smuf aus;uRefrsm;

csxm;onfhtjyif? udk,fwdkifvnf; vSnfhvnfMunfh½SKNyD; jzpfaomaMumifY? &efolwpfOD;wpfa,muf

tdrfay:wGif½dSrnfudk vkH;0rawG;bJ? ZeD;onfuav; ½Sd&modkYom cyfoGufoGuf oGm;av&m? uJvm;udk

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cg;udkxdrnftvkyf vsifjrefpGm vufjyefcwfí zrf;vdkufav\/

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ajymqdk&if; anmifapmif;wGif ,SOfwGJxdkifrdMuav\/

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ar;aompum;onf t"dyÜg,fyg\/ b,fvkdt"dyÜg,fESifY ar;wmvJ[k awG;awmum cspfpzG,f

aumif;aom rsufvkH;av;jzifY Munfh½SK&if;? ]]udkbkef;}}[k wpfcGef;om ac:vdkufav\/

armifbkef;jrifYum; 4if;\twGif;pdwfu qlyGufaeoavmuf? EG,fEG,fuav;tm; rajym&uf

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wdkifcJYavNyD/ ]]cspfw,faemf ...}}[k ar;zG,frvdk/ xdkodkYar;jcif;onf taMumif;wpfpkHwpf&mESifY

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armifbkef;jrifYrSm rdrdajymvdkaom pum;rsm;udk rajymjyawmYbJ? EG,fEG,f\vnfyif;av;udk wif;usyfpGm

ayGUzufí &ifcsif;yg;csif;tyfum? 4if;\ BuH½G,fcsufESifY qefYusifaom trlt&mwdkYudkjyKrdav\/

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ar;jyef&m? EdkifiHta&;twGuf toufpGefY&ef &nf½G,fxm;aom vlpGrf;aumif;BuD;rSm ]]bmrS r[kwfyg

bl;uG,f ... EG,fEG,fu cspfw,fvdkYajym&if em;axmifaumif;vdkYyg ...}}[k vSD;vTJajymqdkvdkufav\/

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tcgrsm;qdk vGrf;&ufaqG;&ufeJY udkbkef; pdwftaESmifYt,SufjzpfrSmpdk;vdkYom rajymrdwm ... pdwfuawmY

tqif;&Jom;bJ ...}}[k 0rf;xJ½Sdoavmuf ajymqdkav\/ xkdpum;rsm;rSm EG,fEG,f\oabmtwdkif;

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aeonfudkyif raewwf rxdkifwwf? vGrf;qGwfae&pf½Smaom ZeD;onfonf rdrd toufqkH;aomtcgü

tb,fuJYodkY ae&½Smavrnfenf;/ rdrdonf olrsm;xuf pdwf"mwfaysmYí cspfZeD;tm; þrQ trQif

wef;um aerdavoavm/ tcsKdUvlrsm;rSm ppfyGJodkY aornf ½Sifrnfrod vdkufyg0HYMuvsuf? ZeD;onf

twGuf aMumifYMurSKudk azsmufEdkifoavmuf azsmufcJYMu\/ rdrdrSm ZeD;onftm; rpGefY&uf

tb,fYaMumifY jzpf&oenf;/ trSeftm;jzifY armifbkef;jrifYonf ppfyGJxGufoluJYodkY xGuf&rnfjzpfu

xGufEdkifrnfyifjzpfav\/ ppfyGJyrm Mur®marTu toufyifaowwfaom pGefYpm;rsKd;jzifY aoewfajymif;

Mum;xJu rdpäm'd|dwdkYtm; ajrjyifay:rS azsmufzsufcJYzl;\/ 4if;\pdwfwGif aumuf½dk;rD;½SKdU&oavmuf

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vlrsKd;jcm;udk rkcsqwfqwf touftaocHwdkufcdkuf&rnf jzpfojzifY wpfxpfcs r,m;pGefYí aorif;

EdkifiHodkY vdkuf&rnf[laom awG;awmcsufaMumifY ykxkZOfwdkY obm0twdkif; usef&pfoltwGuf

aemufqHwif;jcif; jzpfrdav\/

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a½SUa&;udk warQmfwpfac:awG;vsuf pdwful;&orQajymqdk&if; tdyfaysmfav\/ tcsdefrSm oef;acgif,H

bufodkY eD;uyfvmNyDjzpfí? rif;vkvifwdkY nOfhtcsdef uif;vSnfhMuaomtoH? acG;a[mifoHrsm;udkom

Mum;&av\/

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qdwfNidrfjcif;onf pdwful;olwdkYtm; tawG;us,f&ef axmufyHYonfhtvm; pOf;pm;cef; rqkH;

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vufwpfzufrSm armifbkef;jrifY\ &ifbwfay:odkYwifvsuf? usefvufwpfzufum; 4if;\ pdkjynf

jynfhazmif;vsuf½Sdavaom &if0ay:wGif wifxm;av\/

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vufvGwfxGufcGm&ef pOf;pm;aerdjcif;onf tusKd;r½SdaMumif;udk ÓPfrjrifrdbJ? axGaxG&m&m

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pOf;pm;rdcsufum; EG,fEG,fonf rdrdtm; rkef;xm;&efjzpfav\/ tu,fí EG,fEG,fonf 4if;tm;

rkef;xm;u? rkef;xm;aeoltay:ü iJYuGufp&mr½Sd? rdrdjyKcsif&mudk &uf&ufcGmí jyKEdkifrnfjzpfav\/

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rsm;pGm tBuHtdkufíaeav\/ EdkifiHta&;aMumifY r,m;udkpGefYvTwf&ef þrQtcsdefMumatmif pOf;pm;

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tcsdefum; qGrf;cHjyefaomtcsdef jzpfav\/ EG,fEG,fonf rsufpdrsufESmraumif;bJ qGrf;cH

vmMuaom oHCmawmfwdkYtm; udk,fwdkif qGrf;avmif;NyD;vQif? zcifESifY armifbkef;jrifY pm;&ef xrif;yGJ

rsm;udk jyifqifumaeav\/

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udk,fwdkif csufjyKwfjyKpkcJYonfrSm wpfaeYrQ 0wå&m;rysufcJYao;ay/ armifbkef;jrifYu csD;rGrf;

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ac:iifrS? rdrd\awG;awmcsufudk qdkif;iHYvsuf vdkufygcJYav\/ EG,fEG,f csufjyKwfjyifqifxm;aom

[if;vsmrsm;rSm ydkrdkíaumif;rGefonf[k rSwfxifrdav\/

xdkodkY xrif;pm;aecdkuf ]]EG,fEG,f}}[k ac:vdkufaom rdef;rysKdwpfOD;\toHudk Mum;&ojzifY?

armifbkef;jrifY\ awG;awmcsufwGif ÓPfyGifYívmav\/ EG,fEG,fvnf; ae&mrSxum ]]½SifjzLvm; ...

vmav 'Dudk ...}}[k 4if;wdkYaeaomtcef;odkY ac:aqmifoGm;av\/ EG,fEG,fum; ½SifjzLESifY pum;

aumif;pGm rajymtm;ao;? cifyGef;onf xrif;pm;onfhab;rS a&cGuf? vufokwfy0g? uGrf;,m

ponfwdkYudk apmifYíay;½Smao;\/ pm;aomufrSKudpöNyD;rS tcef;wGif;odkY0ifum ½SifjzLESifY pum;ajym

av&m? armifbkef;jrifYrSm {nfhcef;wGif xdkifíaeav\/

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4if;wdkYum; txl;taxGr[kwf? ½SifjzLonf 4if;wdkYtdrftwGif; jr§Kyfíxm;aom aoewfrsm;udk

jrpHESifY &JabmfwdkYvlpk nOD;u xkwfoGm;onfhtjyif? 4if;\zcifxHrS abmfcGufwq,fudkvnf; ,lí

oGm;aomaMumifY vma&mufar;jref;jcif;jzpfav\/

]]t[kwfrodygbl; ½SifjzL&,f ... odayr,fYvnf; bmtaMumif;xl;vdrfYrvJ/ 'gYaMumifY

EG,fEG,fawmY ½dk;vdkYyJaeygNyD ... udkbkef;ajym&if odrSmyJvkdY at;at;aevdkufwmyJ ...}}

]]uRefrvJ odwefoavmuf odygw,f/ ta&;BuD;ovm;vdkY ar;csifvdkYygyJ/ uRefrwdkY rdef;r

jzpf&wJYb0 tvGefatmufuswmyJ/ a,musfm;av;&if b,favmufaysmfvdkufrvJaemf ... aovJtrsm;

½SifvJtrsm;eJY ...}}

armifbkef;jrifYonf aemufqkH; ½SifjzLajymaompum;udk Mum;vdkuf&&m? rdef;uav;rsm;yif

þpdwfrsKd; ½Sdygvsuf? rdrdonf tb,faMumifY aemufqHwif;ae&ovJ? olYxdkufeJYolYuH usefcsifovdk

usef&pfyap[k pdwfudkwif;um 4if;\ b,fvuf0g;udk nmvufoD;ESifY xkrdav\/ ½SifjzLum;

aemufu jzpfysufcJYykHESifY oefvsifq&mawmf ysHvGefawmfrlykH? &ufuef;vkyfief;BuD;yGm;ykHwdkYudk ajymqdk

NyD;aemuf? jyefawmYrnf[k xGufcJY&m EG,fEG,fvnf; vdkufygvmcJYav\/

armifbkef;jrifYonf ½SifjzL\ rsufESmuav;udk ½Tef;½Tef;pm;pm;Munfhvsuf ]]½SifjzLa& jyefawmY

rvm;uG,f ...}}[k ESKwfquf&m? ½SifjzLuvnf; t"dyÜg,fygaom rsufvkH;jzifY wpfcsufrQ ½SufaMumuf

[efESifY MunfhNyD;vQif ]][kwfuJY}}[k jyefajymav\/ EG,fEG,fum; armifbkef;jrifYu ½Tef;½Tef;pm;pm;

MunfhvdkufykH? ½SifjzLu jyefvSefMunfh½SKykHwdkYudk jrif&aomfvnf;? rjrifouJYodkY *½krxm;onfhtaejzifY?

½SifjzLtm; avSum;xdatmif vkdufydkYNyD;vQif jyefívmcJYav\/

4if;uyif ½SifjzLonf rdef;ryDoaMumif;? £a`E´&aMumif;? tvkyftudkifawmfaMumif;rsm;udk

csD;rGrf;ajymqdkav&m armifbkef;jrifYonf tHYtm;oifYíaeav\/

EG,fEG,fonf pum;qufí ...]]udkbkef; aemufwpfa,muf ,lr,frsm;BuH&if ½SifjzLudk ,laemf}}

[k rarQmfvifYaompum;udk ajymqdkjyef&m? EG,fEG,ftm; usDpm;vdkojzifY ...

]]EG,fEG,f auseyfw,faemf ...}}

]]bmrauseyfp&m½SdovJ ... wcsKdU 4-5 a,mufawmif ,lao;wmyJ[m ...}}

]]t[kwfaemf ...}}

]]t[kwf ...}}[k EG,fEG,fu ajymavvQif ...

]]'gjzifY EG,fEG,f ajymay; ...}}

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]]tdrf; 'gjzifY udk,fYtpGrf;eJYudk,f vnfywf&wmaygY}}[k &,farmajymqdkMu&if; ESpfa,mufom;

tcef;wGif;odkY 0ifMuav\/ EG,fEG,fum; armifbkef;jrifY 0wf&ef zsifrsm;udk csKyfvkyfae&m?

armifbkef;jrifYrSm nu ttdyfysufojzifY wpfa&;rQtdyfíaeav\/

tdyf&muEdk;vQif tu,fyif ½SifjzLwdkYtdrfodkY xGufcJYav\/ ½SifjzLESifY pum;tawmfMumatmif

ajymqdkNyD;aomtcg jyefcJYav\/ EG,fEG,fu ar;aomtcgüvnf; ruG,fraxmuf ½SifjzLwdkYtdrfu

jyefcJYaMumif; ajymav\/ þenf;twdkif; 2-&ufceYf oGm;rdaomtcg? EG,fEG,fonf raeEdkifawmYbJ ...

]]udkbkef; b,fYES,fvJ ...}}[k ar;av\/

]]pOf;pm;OD;r,fwJYuG,f ...}}[k ajym&m? EG,fEG,fonf £a`E´rysufbJ ]]'gjzifY [efusaewmaygY}}

[k ajymqdkav\/

aemufwpfaeYüvnf; armifbkef;jrifYonf ½SifjzLwdkYtdrfodkY xGufcGmoGm;av&m? tcsdef 2-em&DcefY

tMumwGif EG,fEG,f vdkufíoGm;av\/ ½SifjzL\ 0if;NcHtwGif;0ifrdí okH;cef;aygufukwifBuD;udk

umxm;onfh wpfzuftpGef;odkY a&mufavvQif? xl;qef;aompum;udk Mum;&ojzifY &yfwefYum

em;pdkufaeav\/

]]uRefruawmY owåd½SdwJYvlqdk&if tvGefoabmuswmygyJ/ 'gayr,fY tckaecspfrd&if

tBuHawG ysufrSmaygY udkbkef;&JU ...}}

]]aemufawmYaum ...}}

]]aemuftcgus&ifawmY rcJ,Of;bl;qdkygawmYav/ qkvmbftjzpfeJYyJ vufcHygYr,f ...}}[k

toHMum;NyD;vQif &,foHrsm;udk wpfzefMum;&av\/ EG,fEG,fuav;rSm rnfrQoabmxm;BuD;onf[k

qdk&apumrl? &ifuav; zdkvsuf rwfwwfu rvJ&ef txl;owdxm;&av\/ xdkYaemuf qufvuf

em;raxmifvdkojzifY ½SifjzLwdkY rjrifcif vsifjrefpGm jyefcJYav\/

armifbkef;jrifYvnf; EG,fEG,fjyefoGm;í wpfem&DcefYMumvQif jyefcYJav&m? anmifapmif;ay:wGif

acGacGuav;ae½Smaom ZeD;onfudk awGU&av\/ tu,fí armifbkef;jrifY jyefvmcJYrSef; EG,fEG,f

odvQif rsuf&nfpdkaeaom trlt&mudk awGUjrif&rnfr[kwfacs/ usDp,fvdkonfh oabmESifY ajcoH

rMum;atmif vmaomaMumifY awGUjrif&jcif; jzpfav&m? armifbkef;jrifYrSm rsm;pGm tHYtm;oifYí

aerdav\/

4if;onf ½SifjzL\tdrfodkY tvnfoGm;&mwGif EG,fEG,f vdkufvmykH? acsmif;ajrmif; em;axmifykH

wdkYudk odcJYav\/ odkY&mwGif EG,fEG,fudk,fwdkifu oabmwlMunfjzLrnfh taersKd; ajymaomaMumifY?

EG,fEG,fMum;&aom pum;rsm;twdkif; ½SifjzLtm; ajymqdkrdjcif;jzpfav\/ EG,fEG,fonf armifbkef;jrifY

jyefa&mufvmrSef; odonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf? rsuf&nfudk vsifjrefpGm ajcmufapvsuf? cyfNyKH;NyKH; Munfh½SK

aeav\/ odkY&mwGif 0rf;wGif;u tylonf txufodkYwufum rsufESmaoG;aMumrsm;udk jyKjyifojzifY?

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jyKjyifí&aom yg;pyf ESKwfcrf;av;rS ty? rsufESmtrlt&mrSm 0rf;enf;onfht&dyfta,mifudk ay:vGif

apavawmY\/

armifbkef;jrifYvnf; EG,fEG,f\ ezl;jyifudk vufwifí ,k,pGm yGwfoyf&if; ...

]]b,fYES,f EG,fEG,f ... bmjzpfaewmvJ tvS&,f ...}}[k ar;&m? vdrfvnfírajymwwfaom

EG,fEG,fonf ]]0rf;enf;vdkYyg ...}}[k ajymvdkufav\/ wpfzef qufvufum ...

]]uRefr ... udkbkef; ½SifjzLudk BuKdufvdrfYr,fqdkwm r,kHbl;/ wu,fpum;ajymaewm Mum;&rS

t[kwfBuKdufaew,fvdkY od&w,f/ NyD;awmY uRefrpdwfrSmvnf; ½SifjzLudk udkbkef; vdkcsifvdkY ,lw,f

xm;ygOD;? auseyfpGm cGifYjyKEdkifvdrfYr,fvdkY xifrdw,f/ ckawmY 'Dvdkr[kwfbl; ... EG,fEG,f&JU pdwfudkvJ

rauseyfawmYbl;/ bmaMumifY 'Dvdk 0rf;enf;pdwfrsKd;ay:&ovJvdkY ... udk,fYudk,fudkvnf; txifwpfrsKd;

jzpfoGm;rdw,f ...}}

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tvum; pum;ajymaeygYrvm; ...}}

]]udkbkef;udk rkef;EdkifygYrvm;/ ½SifjzLwifruvdkY b,favmufyJ,l,l EG,fEG,f rrkef;Edkifbl;/

'gayr,fY 'djyifwpfOD;eJY &nfiHwmjrif&&if pdwfqif;&JwmwpfckyJ ... taeusyfwmyg/ tJovdk

pdwfaysmufatmif rvkyfEdkifvdkYvnf; 0rf;enf;wmyg ...}}[k ajym&if; rsuf&nfrsm; ,dkqif;jyefav\/

armifbkef;jrifYum; EG,fEG,f\pdwfudk prf;vdkí vSnfhpm;jcif;rQjzpf&m? EG,fEG,fonf 4if;tm;

rkef;xm;vQif tBuHatmifjrifEdkifrnf[k arQmfvifYrdav\/ odkY&mwGif EG,fEG,fu rrkef;Edkifonfhtcg

½SifjzLudk b,fvdkrS oabmrxm;aMumif;? EG,fEG,f acsmif;em;axmifrSef;odí txifvGJatmif pum;

ajymjcif;jzpfaMumif;? trSefrSm jrpHESifY ½SifjzL arwåmul;pufatmif qufoG,fwD;acgufMunfhjcif;

jzpfaMumif;wdkYudk ½Sif;jy&av\/ xdktcgusrS EG,fEG,frSm pdwfoufomonfh vu©PmESifY ]]udkbkef;udk

b,fawmYrS rrkef;Edkifygbl;? 'dxufru prf;oyfayr,fY pdwfrysufygbl; ...}}[k tm;yg;w& ajymqdkum

tMunfqdkufí aeMuavownf;/

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r[maqG olykefBuD;


tcef; (12)

ukvm;jzL? ukvm;rnf;wdkYtm; owfjzwfrSKESifY rMumcP tcsif;jzpfyGm;aeaom oefvsif

NrKdUonf tcsdef 14-5 &ufMumatmif owfjzwfrSK yaysmufvsuf qdwfNidrfíaecJYav\/ vli,frsm;

rSmvnf; £a`E´&& aexdkifvsuf½SdMuav\/ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;? vloGm;vlvmrsm;vnf; a½S;uxuf

om,mvsuf? ylwauvlrsKd;rsm;yif tHYtm;oifYíaeMuav\/ 4if;wdkYESdyfuGyfojzifY vli,frsm;

aMumuf½GHUaomaMumifY at;csrf;pGm vufavQmYaexdkifMuonf[kvnf; xifrSwfMu[ef½Sdav\/

nOfhwpfnOfhüum; nOfhvSnfhuif;orm;wdkYonf rdrdwdkY0wå&m;twdkif; vSnfhvnfaeMu&m?

ta&;BuD;aom taqmuftODBuD;rsm;wGifvnf; aoewfudk,fpDESifY 2-a,muf wpfwGJ? 3-a,muf

wpfwGJ ponfjzifY apmifYMuyfaeMuav\/

trSKtcif;? tcGefaiGpm&if; ponfwdkYudk pkaygif;odrf;qnf;xm;onfh ta&;tBuD;qkH;

taqmuftODBuD;um; tkwfwdkufjzifY aqmufvkyfxm;í ab;wGif ppfom;q,fOD;rQ tjrJapmifYí

aeav\/ ppfom;rsm;rSmum; q,fOD;pvkH; rtdyfrae apmiYfMuonfr[kwf? 8-a,mufrSm tdyfíaeum

2-a,mufom vrf;avQmufaeMujcif;jzpfav\/

oufBuD;acgif;cs tcsdefüum; ppfom;tcsKdU tdyfaysmfíaeMuav\/ xdktcdkuf ppfom;

2-a,muftm; rnf;rnf;o@mef 2-ckonf ajrBuD;rS wGm;ívmum ajcovkH;nKdUousnf;udk ½dkufvSJ

NyD;aemuf vsifjrefpGm zrf;qD;wkyfaESmifvsuf½SdMu&m? aoewfrsm; ab;wGi faxmifvsuf½Sdaom

ppfom;rsm;wGifvnf; BuKd;ESifYwkyfaESmifum vl 20-cefY 0dkif;rdNyD;jzpfav\/

xdktapmifYppfom;rsm;wGifvnf; vli,frsm;oGif;xm;aom olvQKdwpfOD; ygojzifY vkyfudkif

BuHpnf&mwGif omívG,fulav\/ pdwftm;xufoefaom vli,fwdkYum; ppfom;rsm; ratmfEdkifatmif

yg;pyf t0wfESifYqdkYum BuKd;jzifY wif;usyfpGm wkyfaESmifNyD;vQif tkwfwdkufab;wGif ajrrsm;udkwl;í

aeMuav\/

vufarmif;tm;oefaom avSavSmfom;rsm;jzpfonfhtwdkif;? wpfa,mufwpfvSnfhpD wl;um

ajro,foluo,fjzifY jyKvkyfaeMu&m? MuufOD;wGefcsdef jrefrmq,fem&DcefYMumatmif wl;rdaomtcg

wdkufatmufodkY vdkPfacgif;jzpfvsuf vlwpfudk,f 0ifEdkifav\/ xdktaygufrS *a[ydwfvsuf twGif;ü

,rf;rSKefYrsm;? oHwdkcJprsm; xnfhxm;aom oHpnfjywfudk wdkufatmufodkYoGif;um ,rf;peufudk

tjyifodkY xkwf,lcJYMuav\/

tcsKdUvli,frsm;rSm wdkufay:odkYwufvsuf ,rf;rSKefYrsm;? a&eHacs;rsm; qGwfzsef;xm;onfh

t0wfrsm;udk tESHYtjym;wifvsuf? vJrSKdU ,rf;jzL;xm;aom tprsm;wGif rD;cwfausmufjzifY ½SKdUí xm;cJY

NyD;aemuf qif;Muav\/ wdkufatmuf ,rf;tdk;peufwGif rD;½SKdUNyD;aomtcg vli,ftm;vkH;

MuufaysmufiSufaysmuf aysmufoGm;Muav\/

Mu,feDay:ptcsdefodkY a&mufaomtcg? oefvsifwpfNrKdUvkH; ivsifawmfvnf;? rdk;BuKd;ypfaom

toHBuD;rsKd; jrnf[def;vsuf tvif;a&mifrsm; ay:aygufvm&m? armif;oH? wkH;acgufoH? rD; ... rD;[k

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atmfoHrsm; qlyGufí oGm;avawmY\/ ppfom;rsm;? rif;vkvifrsm;vnf; rD;avmif&mqDodkY tajy;

vmMuav&m? ab;u 0dkif;0ef;Nidrf;owfaomfvnf; taqmuftODBuD;rSm rD;avmifpmESifYwuG jyif;jyif;

xefxef aygufuGJavmifuRrf;aeojzifY rEdkifeif;awmYbJ? MunfhíomaeMu&av\/

wdkufBuD;rSm tkwfrsm;NyKdysufvsuf? opfom;ae&m[lorQ rD;aoG;rQusef½Sdav\/ rD;½SdefrSm eHeuf

aexGufwjyLyif avmifuRrf;wkef;jzpfav\/

ylwaubk&ifcHum; ta&;BuD;aomt&m½Sdrsm;ESifY udk,f&Hawmfrsm; NcH&Hvsuf? rD;avmif&modkY

vma&mufMunfh½SKNyD;vQif rsufESmnKdíoGm;av\/ teD;½Sd jrefrmt&m½SdwpfOD;tm; ...

]]uREfkyfwdkY tkyfcsKyfonfwGif pm&if;tif;? trSwftom;? tcGefaiGwdkY[m ta&;BuD;aMumif;?

,ckuJYodkY jyKrljcif;onf uREfkyfwdkY\tkyfcsKyfrSKudk txl;xdcdkufaMumif;? odkYtwGuf vli,frsm;udk

cyfMurf;Murf; zdESdyf&awmYrnf xifaMumif; ...}} ajymqdkav\/

jrefrmt&m½Sdvnf; rnfodkYrQ pum;rqdkbJ 0rf;enf;onfh[efjzifY Munfh½SKaeav\/

rif;vkvifESifY olvQKdwdkYum; vli,frsm;udk vdkufvH½SmazGvsuf rouFmaom vli,ftcsKdUudk zrf;qD;Mu

av\/ rnfonfhtcgrQ þodkYjzpfvdrfYrnf[k rarQmfvifYaomudpötwGuf? wdkif;&if;om;vli,frsm;

pdwful;aumif;aumif; tcsufusus vkyfudkifvdkufjcif;jzpfav&m? ylwauvlrsKd;tm;vkH;yif pdwfESvkH;

ajcmufjcm;íoGm;av\/

tBuD;qkH;taqmuftODudk NzKdzsufNyD;onfaemuf arSmf0ef;e,f? ykodrfe,f? '*kef? 'v ponf

wdkYüvnf; ½kH;vkvifXme ponfwdkYrS taqmuftOD? trSKtcif;? trSwftom; ponfwdkYudk rD;½SKdUjcif;?

tcGefaumufolrsm;tm; owfjzwfjcif; ponfwdkY ay:aygufav&m? ylwaubk&ifcHrSm ppfOya'rsm;yif

xkwfqifY&av\/

vli,fwpfOD;onf tcGifYtrdefYr½SdbJ ½kH;vTwfawmf ylwautpdk;&ESifYqdkifaom taqmuftOD

wpfpkHwpf&mteD;odkY awGUjim;tHY? xdkvli,ftm; tppftaq; tar;tjref;r½Sd aoewfESifYypfowfap

[líyifjzpfav\/ odkY&mwGif vli,frsm;rSm aMumuf½GHUaygYavsmYonfr½Sd? vpfonfESifYwpfNyKdifeuf

4if;wdkYjyKjrJtwdkif; jyKrlíaeMuav&m? tcsKdUrSmvnf; ppfom;wdkY\vufeufESifY aoqkH;Muav\/

ylwauvlrsKd;wdkY\ &nf½G,fcsufum; vufatmufcHEdkifiHom;wdkY Murf;vmvQif? &rf;EdkiforQ

&rf;í tkyfcsKyfrnf/ &rf;ír&rS vufavQmYrnfjzpfonfhtwdkif; cyf&rf;&rf; tkyfcsKyfíaeMuav\/

xdkuJYodkY tkyfcsKyfoluvnf;&rf;? vli,frsm;uvnf; Murf;vsufaeMu&m? pm&if;tif; trSwftom; r½Sd

aomaMumifY w&m;pD&ifrSK? tcGefaumufcHrSKrsm;rSm txl;aESmifYaES;vsuf tjiif;tckHvnf; rMumcP

jzpfyGm;íaeavawmY\/ t&m½Sdt&mcHrsm;vnf; tcsKdU pdwfysufMuojzifY &mxl;rS ESKwfxGufMuav\/

xdktwGif; tpdk;&bufrSvnf; npfywfvmum vlrdkuftcsKdUudk aiGay;vsuf? wdkif;jynfwGif

emrnfBuD;aom rsKd;cspfrsm;udk vdkufvHowfjzwfíaeMuojzifY? vli,frsm;\twGif;a&;wGif rsm;pGm

tultnD&aom vlBuD;tcsKdUyif tpdk;&vlqdk;wdkY vufcsufjzifY uG,fvGefMu&½Smav\/ vli,frsm;vnf;

xdkuJYodkY tpdk;&bufrS Oya'vufeufjzifY ajAmifzdESdyf½kHru? vlqdk;rsm;arG;í npfywfaeaMumif; od&

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aomtcg? omía'gojzpfMuvsuf vlqdk;rsm;udk vdkufvHowfjzwfESdrfeif;íaeMu&av\/ vli,frsm;\

pdwfwGifum; avQmYaygY aoG;aMumifonfr½Sd/ ylwau vlrsKd;jcm;wdkYtm; tvGeftrif; pdwfemonf

wpfaMumif;? vlrsKd;jcm;vufatmufu ½kef;xGuf&mü touftaocHí rMurf;bJ? rykefuefbJ b,fenf;

ESifYrQ rvGwfEdkif[k wpfxpfcs ,lrSwfxm;aomaMumifY? xkdpOftcg tenf;i,f pdwf0rf;uGJaeaom

vli,frsm;yif wpfaygif;wpfpnf;wnf;jzpfum wwfEdkifonfhbufu aqmif½Gufaeav\/

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