on thi lop 10 toan vuvanbac
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
1/42
S GIO DC V O TO NAM NH
TRNG THPT A NGHA HNG NAM NH
TI LIU N THI VO LP 10 MN TON
Thc hin V Vn Bc Website: http:/ / parksungbuyl.wordpress.com/
---------- NGH A HNG NGY 8 THNG 5 NM 2013 ----------
www.MATHVN.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
2/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
VN 1. RT G N BIU THC C CHA CN
A. PH NG PHP GII TON
Bi ton 1.1 Cho bi u thc2
1 1 x x x
P x x x
vi 0, 1. x x
a) Rt g n biu thc P b) Tm x khi 0. P
( Trch thi tuyn sinh v o l p 10 tnh Nam nh nm 2011)
Li gii.a) Vi 0, 1 x ta c
3
11 1 1
1 1 1 1
x x x x x x x x x
P x x x x x x
1 1
11
x x x x x x x x
x x
2 . x x x x x
Vy vi 0, 1 x th 2 . P x x b) Vi 0, 1 x ta c
0 2 0 2 0 P x x x x
00 0
422 0
x x x
x x x
i chiu vi iu kin 0, 1 x x ta thy hai gi tr ny u tha mn.Vy vi 0 P th 0, 4. x x
NHNG IM CN LU KHI GI I TON
K nng cng nh cch gii chung cho d ng ton nh cu a t iu kin thch hp,nu bi nu iu kin xc nh th ta v n phi ch
ra trong bi lm c a mnh nh li gii nu trn. a phn cc bi ton dng ny, chng ta thng quy ng mu, xong ri tnh ton
rt gn t thc v sau xem t thc v mu thc c tha s chung no haykhng rt gn tip. Trong bi ton trn th khng quyng mu m n gin biu thc lun. Khi lm ra k t qu cui cng, ta k t lun ging nh trn.
i vi dng ton nh cu b Cch lm trn l in hnh, khng b tr im. Ngoi cu hi tm x nh trn th ngi ta c th hi: cho x l mt hng s no
bt rt gn P , gii bt phng tr nh, tm gi tr ln nht nh nht, tm x P c
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
3/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
gi tr nguyn, chng minh mt bt ng thc. Nhng thng th ngi ta s hinh sau: tm x P c gi tr no (nh v d nu trn), cho x nhn mt gi trc th tnh P .
MT S CU HI M CHO B I TON
Cu h i m 1.Rt gn P khi 3 2 2. x
Ta c 2 2 23 2 2 1 2.1. 2 ( 2) (1 2) x
Khi , vi 0, 1 x x th 2(1 2) 1 2 x Do 2 3 2 2 2(1 2) 3 2 2 2 2 2 1. P x x Vy vi 3 2 2 x th 1. P
Cu h i m 2.Tm gi tr nh nht ca P V i 0, 1 x ta c 2 22 ( ) 2 1 1 ( 1) 1 P x x x x x
V 1 x nn 2( 1) 0 x 2( 1) 1 1 x Vy vi 0, 1 x th P khng c gi tr nh nht.
Trong loi cu hi ny, ta cn ch n iu kin xc nh. Chng hn vi iu kin4 x ta rt gn c P x x th ta s khng lm nh trn m s lm nh sau
Vi 4 x ta c 2 ( 2) P x x x x x x V 4 2 0, 2 0 ( 2) 0 2 2 x x x x x x x Vy min 2 P , du bng xy ra khi v ch khi 4 x (tha mn iu kin).
Cu h i m 3.Chng minh rng 1 P th ta lm nh trn nhngk t lun l
1. P Cu h i m 4.Tm s nguyn x P c gi tr nguyn.
V d tr n, ta c 2 P x x , th thng bi s khng hi n nghim nguyn. Chng
hn vi iu kin 1 x ta rt gn c 31
x P , bi hi: tm s nguyn x P nhn
gi tr nguyn th ta lm nh sau
Vi 1, ta c 3 3( 1) 3 331 1 1
x x P
x x x
T vi x l s nguyn, 3 33 3 ( 1)1 1
P x
x x
M
Tng ng vi 1 x l c ca 3, m c ca 3 l 3; 1;1;3 ( 1) 3; 1;1;3 x M 1 1 2 1 3 2 x x x x (tha mn iu in) K t lun: vy 2 x l gi tr cn tm.Ta xt thm mt bi ton na l mt cu trong chung chuyn L HngPhong Namnh nm 2011.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
4/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi ton 1.2 Cho bi u thc 3 1 1 1:1 1
x P
x x x x
vi 0, 1. x x
a) Rt g n biu thc B b) Tm x 2 3. P x
( chung Chuy n L H ng Phong Nam nh nm 2011) Li gii.a) Vi 0, 1 x ta c
3 1 1( 1)( 1) ( 1)( 1) x x
B x x x x x x
3 1 1( 1).( 1)( 1)
x x x x
x x
(2 2) 2 ( 1) 2 .
1 1
x x x x
x x
Vy vi 0, 1 x th 2 . P x b) Vi 0, 1 x v 2 P x ta c
2 3 4 34 3 0
3 3 0( 1) 3( 1) 0
( 1)( 3) 0
1 0 1 193 0 3
P x x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x x
x x x
K t hp vi iu kin nu trn th ch c 9 x tha mn bi ton.
B. CC BI TON RN LUY N
Bi 1 : Cho biu thc6
532
aaa
a P
a21
a) Rt gn P . b) Tm gi tr caa 1. P
Bi 2 : Cho biu thc P =
652
32
23:
11
x x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
a) Rt gn P . b) Tm gi tr ca x 0. P
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
5/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 3: Cho biu thc P =
13231:
198
131
131
x
x x
x
x x
x
a) Rt gn P .
b) Tm cc gi tr ca x 6.5
P
Bi 4 : Cho biu thc P =
12
11:
11
aaaa
a
aaa
a) Rt gn P. b) Tm gi tr caa 1. P c) Tm gi tr ca P nu 3819 a
Bi 5: Cho biu thc P =
a
a
aa
a
a
a
aa
1
1.1
1:1
)1( 332
a) Rt gn P b) Xt du ca biu thc ( 0,5). M a P
Bi 6 : Cho biu th P =
122
1211:1
122
121
x x x
x x
x x x
x x
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh gi tr ca P khi 3 2 2.2
x
Bi 7 : Cho biu thc P =
11:
11
12
x x
x x x x x
x
a) Rt gn P b) Tm x P 0
Bi 8 : Cho biu thc P =
a
aa
aaa
a
a11.
112 3
3
a) Rt gn P
b)
Xt du ca biu thc P a1
Bi 9 : Cho biu thc 1 1 2 1 2:11 1
x x x x x P
x x x x x
a) Rt gn P b) Tnh gi tr ca P vi 7 4 3 x c) Tnh gi tr ln nht ca a . P a
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
6/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 10: Cho biu thcP =
a
a
aaa
a
aa11.
11
a) Rt gn P. b) Tma 7 4 3. P
Bi 11 : Cho biu thcP =
1
322:
933
332
x
x x x
x
x
x
x
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm x 12
P
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P
Bi 12 : Cho biu thcP =
32
23
69:1
93
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
a) Rt gn P b) Tm gi tr ca x P < 1
Bi 13 : Cho biu thcP =332
123
321115
x
x
x
x
x x
x
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm cc gi tr ca x 12
P
c) Chng minh 2.3
P
Bi 14 : Cho biu thcP = 22
442
m xm
m x
x
m x
x vi m > 0
a) Rt gn P b) Tnh x theo m P = 0.c) Xc nh cc gi tr ca m x tmc cu b tho mn iu kin 1. x
Bi 15: Cho biu thcP = 121
2
a
aa
aa
aa
a) Rt gn P b) Bit 1a hy so snh P vi P c) Tm a P = 2d) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P
Bi 16: Cho biu thc P =
1
111:1
111
ab
aab
ab
a
ab
aab
ab
a
a) Rt gn biu thc P.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
7/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
b) Tnh gi tr ca P nua = 32 v b =3113
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P nu 4ba
Bi 17: Cho biu thcP =
11
11111
aa
aa
aa
aaaa
aaaa
a) Rt gn P b) Vi gi tr no ca a th P = 7c) Vi gi tr no caa th 6. P
Bi 18 : Cho biu thc P =
11
11
21
2
2
a
a
a
a
a
a
a) Rt gn P b) Tm cc gi tr ca a P 0 c) Tm cc gi tr ca a P 2
Bi 19 : Cho biu thcP = ab
abba
ba
abba .42
a) Tmiu kin P c ngha. b) Rt gn P c) Tnh gi tr ca P khi a = 32 v b = 3
Bi 20 : Cho biu thcP = 2 1:1 1112
x
x x x x
x x x
a) Rt gn P b) Chng minh rng P > 0 vi x 1
Bi 21 : Cho biu thcP =
121:
11
12
x x
x
x x x
x x
a) Rt gn P b) Tnh P khi x = 325
Bi 22 : Cho biu thcP = x x x
x
x 241:
242
423
21:1
a) Rt gn P b) Tm gi tr ca x P = 20
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
8/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 23 : Cho biu thc P = y x
xy y x x y
y x
y x
y x
233:
a) Rt gn P b) Chng minh P 0
Bi 24: Cho P =
baba
ba
bbaa
ab
babbaa
ab
ba:31.31
a) Rt gn P b) Tnh P khi a = 16 v b = 4
Bi 25 : Cho biu thc P =12
.1
21
121
a
aa
aa
aaaaaaa
a) Rt gn P
b) Cho P =61
6 tm gi tr ca a
c) Chng minh rng 2.3
P
Bi 26: Cho biu thc:P=
35
53
15225:1
255
x
x
x
x
x x
x x
x x
a) Rt gn P b) Vi gi tr no ca x th 1. P
Bi 27 : Cho biu thc P = bababaa
babbaaa
babaa
222.1:133
a) Rt gn P b) Tm nhng gi tr nguyn ca a P c gi tr nguyn
Bi 28 : Cho biu thc P =
12
21:1
11
a
a
a
a
aa
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm gi tr ca a 1.6 P
Bi 29 : Cho biu thcP =33
33
:112.11 xy y x
y y x x y x
y x y x y x
a) Rt gn P b) Cho x.y =16. Xc nh x, y P c gi trnh nht.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
9/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 30 : Cho biu thc P = x
x
y xy x x
x
y xy
x
11.
222
2
3
a) Rt gn P b) Tm tt c cc s nguyn dng x y = 625 vP 0,2.
VN 2 . PHNG TR NH B C HAI MT N
A. PHNG PHP GII TON
Xt phng tr nh 2 0ax bx c via khc 0, bit thc 2 4 .b ac H thc Viet i vi phng tr nh bc hai
1 2 1 2;b c
x x x xa a
Nu 0ac th PT c 2 nghim phn bit. PT c nghim 0. PT c nghim kp 0. PT c 2 nghim phn bit 0.
PT c 2 nghim phn bit tri du1 2
00 x x
PT c 2 nghim dng phn biT 1 21 2
00
0
x x
x x
PT c 2 nghim m phn bit 1 21 2
00
0 x x
x x
T nhng tnh cht quan trng nu trn, ta s gii c mt dng ton v PT tr ng phng.
Xt phng tr nh 4 2 0ax bx c (i) via khc 0. t 2 0t x , ta c2 0.at bt c (ii)
PT (i) c 4 nghim phn bit khi v ch khi (ii) c 2 nghim dng phn bit. PT (i) c 3 nghim phn bit khi v ch khi (ii) c 1 nghim dng v 1 nghim
bng 0. PT (i) c 2 nghim phn bit khi v ch khi (ii) c duy nht mt nghim dng. PT (i) c 1 nghim k hi v ch khi (ii) c duy nht mt nghim l 0.
Sau y chng ta s xt mt s bi ton thng gp mang tnh cht in hnh.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
10/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi ton 2.1 Cho phng tr nh 2( 1) 4 4 1 0.m x mx m (1)a) Hy gi i phng tr nh trn khi 2m b) Tm m phng tr nh c nghi m. c) Tm m phng tr nh c hai nghi m phn bit. Khi hy tm mt biu thc
lin h c lp gia cc nghim ca phng tr nh.d) Tm m phng tr nh c hai nghi m phn bit 1 2, x tha mn
1 2 1 2 17. x x x x e) Tm m phng tr nh c hai nghi m dng phn bit.
f) Tm m phng tr nh c hai nghi m m phn bit. g) Tm m phng tr nh c hai nghi m phn bit tri du. h) Tm m khi 1 2 2 7 x x , vi 1 2, x l hai nghi m ca phng tr nh.i) Tm m phng tr nh c 2 nghi m phn bit tha mn nghi m ny bng 2 ln
nghim kia. Li gii.a) Khi 2m thay vo (1) ta c2 8 9 0 x x (2)
PT ny c ' 16 9 7 0 Khi (2) c hai nghim 1 24 7; 4 7 x x Vy vi 2m th PT cho c tp nghim l 4 7;4 7 .S b) lm cu hi ny, ta s chia thnh hai trng hp
TH1: Khi 51 5 4 0 14
m x x m tha mn.
TH2: Khi m khc 1, PT (1) l PT bc hai. Xt2 2 2' 4 ( 1)(4 1) 4 (4 3 1) 3 1m m m m m m m
PT (1) c nghim khi 1' 0 3 1 03
m m
Tm li, vy vi 13
m th PT cho c nghim.
c) PT (1) c 2 nghim phn bit khi11 1
1' 0 3 1 03
mm m
m m
Khi , p dng h thc Viet ta c
1 24 4( 1) 4 44
1 1 1
m m x x
m m m
1 24 1 4( 1) 5 54
1 1 1m m
x xm m m
Do 1 2 1 24 55 5 4 4 5 4 1
1 1 x x x x
m m
Vy biu thc cn tm l 1 2 1 25 4 1 . x x x
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
11/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
d) PT (1) c 2 nghim phn bit khi11 1
1' 0 3 1 03
mm m
m m
p dng h thc Viet ta c1 2 1 24 4 1
;1 1m m
x x x xm m
Khi vi 11,3
m m ta c
1 2 1 24 4 1 4 4 117 17 17
1 1 1m m m m
x x x xm m m
8 1 17 8 1 17 17 9 18 21
mm m m m
m (tha mn K)
Vy 2m l gi tr cn tm.
e) PT (1) c 2 nghim dng phn bit khi v ch khi 1 21 2
' 0
00
x x x x
1' 03
m
1 2
14 10 0 (4 1)( 1) 0 114
mm
x x m mm m
1 2
140 0 4 ( 1) 001
mm x x m m
mm
Vy PT cho c 2 nghim dng phn bit khi 1 11 or .3 4
m m
f) PT (1) c 2 nghim m phn bit khi v ch khi 1 21 2
' 00
0 x x
x x
n y ta lm tng t nh cu e.
g) PT (1) c 2 nghim phn bit tri du khi v ch khi1 2
' 00 x x
n y ta lm tng t nh cu e. h) Bnh phng hai v v lm tng t nh cu d, ch
2 2 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 24 . x x x x x x x x
i) K PT (1) c 2 nghim phn bit: 11, .3
m m
T gi thit bi ton, ta c: 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 12 or 2 2 2 0 x x x x x x x x
22 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 25 2 0 9 2 0 x x x x x x x x
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
12/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
p dng h thc Viet ta c1 2 1 24 4 1;
1 1m m
x x x xm m
, nn
22
29(4 1) 2.16 0 9( 1)(4 1) 32 0
1 ( 1)m m
m m mm m
2 2 236 27 9 32 0 4 27 9 0m m m m m n y cc em lm tip, ch iu kin PT c 2 nghim phn bit.
NHNG IM CN LU KHI GI I TON i vi nhng bi ton c lin quan n h thc Viet, th tac bit quan tm n
K phng tr nh c nghim, tm ra c x, ta phi i chiu K PT cnghim.
Ngoi cc cu hi nh trn ta cn c th hi: tm m thng qua gii bt phngtrnh (tng t nh cu hi d), tm gi tr ln nht nh nht. V d tr n, h s ca
x2
l tham s nn khi p dng Viet ta thy c bin mu, thng ngi ta skhng hi min max bi ny. i vi bi ton m h s ca x2 khng cha tham s th ta c th hi min max
thng qua h thc Viet. Chng hn cho PT2 22( 1) 1 0 x m x m . Tm mPT c 2 nghim 1 2, x x ; khi tm min ca biu thc 1 2 1 22 P x x x x ta cth lm nh sau
dng tmc K PT c 2 nghim1 2, x x l 1m (cc em lm ng k nng nhVD). p dng Viet ta c 21 2 1 22 2; 1 x x m x x m Khi ta c 2 21 2 1 22 1 2(2 2) 4 3 P x x x x m m m m
n y c mt sai lm m a s HS mc phi l phn tch2 24 3 ( 2) 1 1m m m v k t lun ngaymin 1. P
i vi bi ton ny, cch lm trn hon ton sai. Da vo iu kin PT c nghim l1m , ta s tm min ca P sao cho du bng xy ra khi 1.m Ta c
2 24 3 3 3 ( 1) 3( 1) ( 1)( 3) P m m m m m m m m m m Vi 1 1 0, 3 0 ( 1)( 3) 0 0m m m m m P Vy min 0 P , du bng xy ra khi 1m (tha mn K nu).
Bi ton 2.2 Tm m PT 2 4 3 1 0 x mx m (i) c hai nghi m 1 2, x tha mn
1 22 . x x
Li gii.PT (i) c 2' 4 3 1m m , (i) c 2 nghim2 2' 0 4 3 1 0 4 4 1 0
4 ( 1) ( 1) 0 ( 1)(4 1) 011 or .4
m m m m m
m m m m m
m m
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
13/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Khi theo h thc Viet ta c1 2 1 24 ; 3 1 x x m x x m (*)
Ta li c 1 21 21 2
22
2 x x
x x x x
+ Vi 1 22 x x k t hp vi (*) ta c
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 2 2 22
1 2 2 2 2
2 2 24 2 4 3 4
3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1
x x x x x x x x m x x m x m
x x m x x m x m
T 2 233 44
x m m x , th vo 222 3 1 x m ta c
2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2
92 1 8 9 4 8 9 4 0.4
x x x x x x
n y, cc em lm tip r n luyn k nng. + Vi 1 22 x x ta lm tng t nh trn.
Nh n xt. Bi ton trn, ta th m bi 2 bi l, khi lm nh vy ta khng phi khai phng tc l nu th 2 x bi m th ta s phi khai phng, khng thun li. Ngoi cchlm trn ta cn c th gii nh sau: 1 2 1 2 1 22 2 2 0. x x x x x x T khaitrin ra v dng h thc Viet gii.
B. CC BI TON RN LUY N
Bi 1: Cho phng tr nh 22 2122 m x xm a) Gii phng tr nh khi 12 m b) Tm m phng tr nh c nghim 23 x c) Tm m phng tr nh c nghim dng duy nht.
Bi 2 : Cho phng tr nh 0224 2 mmx xm a) Tm m phng tr nh c nghim 2 x . Tm nghim cn li. b) Tm m phng tr nh 2 c nghim phn bit.c) Tnh 2221 x x theo m.
Bi 3 : Cho phng tr nh 04122 m xm x a) Tm m phng tr nh 2 c nghim tridu b) Chng minh rng phng tr nh lun c 2 nghim phn bit vi mi m c) Chng minh biu thc M = 1221 11 x x x x khng ph thuc vo m.
Bi 4 : Tm m phng tr nha) 0122 m x x c hai nghim dng phn bit b) 0124 2 m x x c hai nghim m phn bit c) 012121 22 m xm xm c hai nghim tri du.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
14/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 5 : Cho phng tr nh 021 22 aa xa x a) Chng minh rng phng tr nh trn c 2 nghim trI du vi mi a b) Gi hai nghim ca phng tr nh l x1 v x2. Tm gi tr ca a 2221 x x t gitr nh nht
Bi 6 : Cho b v c l hai s tho mn h thc 2111 cb
Chng minh t nht mt trong hai phng tr nh sau phi c nghim2
2
00.
x bx c
x cx b
Bi 7: Vi gi tr no ca m th hai phng tr nh sau c t nht mt nghim s chung
2
2
2 (3 2) 12 04 (9 2) 36 0 x m x
x m x
Bi 8: Cho phng tr nh 0222 22 mmx x a) Tm cc gi tr ca m phng tr nh c hai nghim dng phn bit b) Gi s phng tr nh c hai nghim khng m, tm nghim dng ln nht ca
phng tr nh.
Bi 9 : Cho phng tr nh 0142 m x x a) Tmiu kin ca m phng tr nh c nghim b) Tm m sao cho phng tr nh c hai nghim x1 v x2 tho mn iu kin
102221 x x
Bi 10 : Cho phng tr nh 052122 m xm x a) Chng minh rng phng tr nh lun c hai nghim vi mi m b) Tm m ph ng trnh c hai nghim cung du. Khi hai nghim mang du g.
Bi 11 : Cho phng tr nh 0102122 m xm x a) Gii v bin lun vs nghim ca phng tr nh b) Trong trng hp phng tr nh c hai nghim phn bit l 21; x x hy tm mt h
thc lin h gia 21; x x m khng ph thuc vo mc) Tm gi tr ca m 22212110 x x x x t gi tr nh nht.
Bi 12 : Cho phng tr nh 0121 2 mmx xm a) Chng minh phng tr nh lun c hai nghim phn bit vi mi m khc 1. b) Xc nh gi tr ca m d phng tr nh c tch hai nghim bng 5, t hy tnh
tng hai nghim ca phng tr nh.c) Tm mt h thc lin h gia hai nghim khng ph thuc vo m.
d) Tm m phng tr nh c nghim 21; x x tho mn h thc 025
1
2
2
1
x x
x x
Bi 13 : Cho phng tr nh 012 mmx x a) Chng t rng phnh tr nh c nghim 21; x x vi mi m ; tnh nghim kp (nu c)
ca phng tr nh v gi tr ca m tng ng.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
15/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
b) t 212221 6 x x x x A i) Chng minh 882 mm A ii) Tm m A = 8iii) Tm gi tr nh nht ca A v gi tr ca m tng ng
c) Tm m sao cho phng tr nh c nghim ny bng hai ln nghim kia.
Bi 14: Cho phng tr nh 01222 mmx x a) Chng t rng phnh tr nh c nghim 21; x x vi mi m. b) t A = 212221 5)(2 x x x x
i) Chng minhA = 9188 2 mm ii) Tm m sao cho A = 27
c) Tm m sao cho phng tr nh c nghimny bng hai ln nghim kia.
Bi 15 : Gi s phng tr nh 0. 2 cbx xa c 2 nghim phn bit 21; x x . tnn
n x xS 21 vin l s nguyn dng. a) Chng minh 0.
12
nnncS bS S a
b) p dng tnh gi tr caA =55
251
251
Bi 16: Cho 2( ) 2( 2) 6 1 f x x m x m a) Chng minh phng tr nh ( ) 0 f x c nghim vi mi m. b) t 2t , tnh ( ) f x theo t, t tmiu kin i vi m phng tr nh
( ) 0 f x c 2 nghim ln hn 2.
Bi 17 : Cho phng tr nh 05412 22 mm xm x
a)
Xc nh gi tr ca m phng tr nh c nghim. b) Xc nh gi tr ca m phng tr nh c hai nghim phn bit u dng.c) Xc nh m phng tr nh c hai nghim c gi tr tuyt i bng nhau v tri du
nhau.d) Gi 21; x x l hai nghim nu c ca phng tr nh. Tnh 2221 x x theo m.
Bi 18: Cho phng tr nh 08342 x x c hai nghim l 21; x x . Khng gii phng
trnh, hy tnh gi tr ca biu thc2
31
321
2221
21
556106
x x x x x x x x
M
Bi 19 : Cho phng tr nh 2 2( 2) 1 0. x m x m
a) Gii phng tr nh khi 1 .2
m
b) Tm cc gi tr ca m phng tr nh c hai nghim tri duc) Gi 21; x x l hai nghim ca phng tr nh. Tm gi tr ca m
21221 )21()21( m x x x x
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
16/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 20: Cho phng tr nh 032 nmx x (i)a) Cho n = 0, chng minh phng tr nh lun c nghim vi mi m.
b) Tm m v n hai nghim 21; x x ca phng tr nh (i) tho mn 71
22
21
21
x x
x x
Bi 21 : Cho phng tr nh 052222 k xk x a) Chng minh phngtrnh c hai nghim phn bit vi mi gi tr ca k b) Gi 21; x x l hai nghim ca phng tr nh. Tm gi tr ca k sao cho 182221 x x
Bi 22 : Cho phng tr nh 04412 2 mx xm a) Gii phng tr nh khi m = 1. b) Gii phng tr nh khi m ty .c) Tm gi tr ca m phng tr nh c mt nghim bng m.
Bi 23 : Cho phng tr nh 0332 22 mm xm x a) Chng minh phng tr nh lun c hai nghim phn bit vi mi m. b) Xc nh m phng tr nh c hai nghim 21, x x tho mn 61 21 x x
VN 3. H PHNG TR NH I S
A. PHNG PHP GII TON
Bi ton 3.1 Gii h phng tr nh sau10 5 1
12 3 4 17 8 1.12 3 4 1
x y
x y
Hng dn.K 1 1,4 4
x y , t 1 1,12 3 4 1
a b x y
vi , 0.a b
Khi , ta c h phng tr nh mi10 5 17 8 1
a b
a b
n y cc em lm tip, ch i chiu vi K khi tm ra k t qu. Bi ton 3.2 Gii h phng tr nh sau
1 1 4
(1 4 ) 2.
x y
x y y
(Trch thi tuyn sinh vo l p 10 tnh Nam nh nm 2011)
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
17/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Li gii.K , 0 x y , khi 1 1 4 4 y xy x y
Do (1 4 ) 2 4 2 2 x y y x xy y x x y y 2( ) 2 1 y x y
M1
4 4 1 4 xy x y xy xy . Nh vy1
1 ; .4 x y xy Do x, y l nghim ca PT
22 1 1 1 10 0 0
4 2 2 2
t t t t t
T 12
x y (tha mn K).
Vy 1 1; ;2 2
x y l nghim duy nht ca HPT cho.
Bi ton 3.3 Gii h phng tr nh sau3 2 17 (1)
2 1 52 2 2 26. (2)
2 1 5
x y
x y x y
( chung Chuyn L H ng Phong Nam nh nm 2011) Hng dn. K 2, 1, 1. x y y Khi (2) tng ng vi
2( 2) 2 2 26 2 2 2622 1 5 2 1 5
x y y
x y x y
2 2 16 6 3( 2) 482 1 5 2 1 5
y y
x y x y (i)
Vi 2, 1, 1 y y th 6 4 34 6 34 4(1)2 1 5 2 5 1
y x y
(ii)
T (i) v (ii) ta c: 34 4 3( 2) 48 3( 2) 4 145 1 1 5 1 1 5
y y y y y y
n y, cc em rt gn quy v phng tr nh bc hai v gii bnh thng. Bi ton 3.4 Gii h phng tr nh sau
2
2
1 31 3 .
x x y
y y x
Li gii.Tr v i v hai PT ta c 2 2 2 21 1 3 3 4 4 0 x x y y y x x y x y
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
18/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
( )( ) 4( ) 0 ( )( 4) 0 x y x y x y x y x y
04 0 4
x y x y
x y y x
+ Vi x y th vo 2 1 3 x x y ta c 2 2 21 3 2 1 0 ( 1) 0 1 0 1 x x x x x x x
Do ( ; ) (1;1) x y l mt nghim ca HPT cho.+ Vi 4 x th vo 2 1 3 x x y ta c
2 2 21 3( 4) 4 13 0 ( 2) 9 0 x x x x x x (*)Mt khc 2 2( 2) 0 ( 2) 9 9 0 x x , do (*) v nghim. Vy ( ; ) (1;1) x y l nghim duy nht ca HPT cho.
Nh n xt. Khi ta thay i v tr ca x v y cho nhau th HPT khng thayi. Vi nhngHPT i xng nh trn, th ta s tr v cc PT vi nhau (thng th ta s thu c x = y,s dng kt qu ny phn tch thnh nhn t), sau th vo mt trong hai PT ca hr i gii PT mt n. Ta d dng chng minh c x v y dng bng cch lm sau y:
2 22 21 3 1 31 ; 1 .
2 4 2 4 x x x y y y
Bin 2 y y ta c HPT kh hnmt cht2
2
1 64 2 1 3 .
x y
y y x
i khi ngi ta li cho HPT gn i xng, chng hn ta xt bi ton sau.Bi ton 3.5 Gii h phng tr nh sau
2
2
1 21 3 .
x y
y y x
Hng dn.Tr v i v hai PT ta c 2 2 2 21 1 2 3 3 3 0 x y y y x x y x y
n y cc em gii nh bi ton trn. Bi ton 3.6 Gii h phng tr nh sau
2 2
2 2
3 52 2 4 4. x xy y
x xy y
Li gii.HPT cho tng ng vi
2 2
2 2
4 3 20
5 2 2 4 20
x xy y
x xy y
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
19/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
2 2 2 22 2
2 2
2 2
4 3 5 2 2 4
6 16 22 03 8 11 03 3 8 8 03 ( ) 8 ( ) 0( )(3 8 ) 0
03 8 0 3 / 8
xy y x xy y
x y xy
x y xy
x xy y xy
x x y y x y
x y x y
x y x y
x y y x
+ Vi x = y, th vo HPT cho ta c2 2 2 2
22 2 2 2
3 5 5 51 1
2 2 4 4 4 4 x x x x
x x x x x x
Ta c 1 1, 1 1 ( ; ) (1;1), ( 1; 1) x y x y x y l 2 nghim ca HPT.+ Vi 3 / 8 x , cc em lm tng t nh trn.
Nh n xt. gii bi ton trn ta c th lm nh sau
+ Xt2
2
50
2 4 x
y x
HPT ny v nghim nn y = 0 khng tha mn.
+ Xt 0 y , t yt th vo HPT cho tac
2 22 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
3 1 53 . 52 2 . 4 4 2 2 4 4
y t t y t yt y y
y t yt y y y t t
V y khc 0 nn ta c
2 2 2
22 2
3 1 5 3 1 54 2 2 4 42 2 4
y t t t t t t y t t
n y cc em tmct suy ra mi lin h gia x v y r i gii nh trn.
B. CC BI TON RN LUY N
Bi 1: Tm gi tr cam hc nghim duy nht tho mn iu kin y
nh nht
21
11 ym x
m y xm
Bi 2: Xc nh a v b h phng tr nh sauc v s nghim
542
aybx
by x
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
20/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 3: Gii h phng tr nh sau trn R
11922
y xy x
y xy x
Bi 4: Tm m sao cho h phng tr nh sau c nghim
01121
2 y x y xm y x
y x
Bi 5: Gii h phng tr nh sau trn R
6241332
22
22
y xy x
y xy x
Bi 6: Tnh 22 ba bit rnga v b tho mn h phng tr nh
020342
222
23
bbaa
bba
Bi 7: Gii h phng tr nh sau trn R
2 2
34 6.
x y xy
x xy y
Bi 8: Gii h phng tr nh sau trn R3 3
2 2
34.
x y xy
x y x y
Bi 9: Gii h phng tr nh sau trn R2 2
2 2
5 2 43 2 3 2. x xy y
x xy y
Bi 10: Gii h phng tr nh sau
1 1 11
3 1 . x y
xy
(Trch thi tuy n sinh v o l p 10 tnh Nam nh nm 2012)
Bi 11: Cho h phng tr nha y xa
y xa.
3)1(
a) Gii h phng r nh khi 2a b) Xc nh gi tr ca a h c nghim duy nht tho mn 0. x y
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
21/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
VN 4. CC BI TON V TH H M S
A. PHNG PHP GII TON
Xt parabol 2( ) : P y ax v ng thng( ) :d y mx n
Honh giao im ca (P) v (d) l nghim ca phng tr nh2 0 (*)ax mx n (C n lu thut ng ny trong gi i ton) (d) ct (P)ti 2 im phn bit khi v ch khi (*) c hai nghim phn bit. (d) ct (P) khi v ch khi (*) c nghim. (d) tip xc vi (P) khi v ch khi (*) c nghim kp. Ngoi ra cc em c n ch n bi ton tm m hai ng thng song song
vi nhau, vung gc vi nhau, hm s ng bin, nghch bin.
B. CC BI TON RN LUY N
Bi 1: Cho hm s ( 2) ( ).m x n d Tm gi tr cam vn th (d ) ca hm s.a) i qua hai im ( 1;2), (3; 4). A B b) Ct trc tung ti im c tung bng1 2 v ct trc honh ti im c
honh bng2 2. c) Ct ng thng 2 3 0. x y d) Song song vii ng thng3 2 1. x y
Bi 2: Cho hm s 22 x y ( P ).a) V th ( P ). b) Tm trn th cc im cch u hai trc to .
c) Xt s giao im ca ( P ) vi ng thng (d ) : 1mx y theom.d) Vit phng tr nhng thng (d') i qua im M(0;-2) v tip xc vi (P).
Bi 3: Cho (P) : 2 x y v ng thng (d) : m x y 2 a) Xc nh m hai ng
i) Tip xc nhau. Tm to tip im.ii) Ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A v B, mt im c honh 1. x
Tm honh im cn li. Tm to A v B. b) Trong trng hp tng qut, gi s (d) ct (P) ti hai im phn bit M v N. Tm
to trung im I ca on MN theo m v tm qu tch ca im I khi m thay i. Bi 4: Cho ng thng (d) : 2)2()1(2 ym xm
a) Tm m ng thng (d) ct (P) : 2 x y ti hai im phn bit A v B. b) Tm to trung im I ca on AB theo m.c) Tm m (d) cch gc to mt khong Max.d) Tmim c nh m (d) i qua khi m thay i.
Bi 5: Cho (P) : 2 x y a) Tm tp hp cc im M sao cho t c th k c hai ng thng vung
gc vi nhau v tip xc vi (P).
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
22/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
b) Tm trn (P) ccim sao cho khong cch ti gc to bng2.
Bi 6: Cho ng thng (d) : 343
x y
a) V (d). b) Tnh din tch tam gic c to thnh gia (d) v hai tr c to .c) Tnh khong cch t gc O n (d).
Bi 7: Cho hm s 1 x y (d)a) Nhn xt dng ca th. V th (d). b) Dng th bin lun s nghim ca phng tr nh m x 1
Bi 8: Vi gi trno ca m th haing thng(d) : 2)1( xm y ; (d) : 13 x y a) Song song vi nhau. b) Ct nhau. c) Vung gc vi nhau.
Bi 9: Tm gi tr ca a ba ng thng sau ng quy ti mt im trong mt phngto .
1 2 3: 2 5 ; : 2 ; : 12.d y x d y x d y ax Bi 10: Chng minh rng khi m thay i th ( ) : 2 ( 1) 1d x m y lun i qua mt imc nh.
Bi 11: Cho (P) : 221
x y v ng thng( ) : .d y ax b Xc nh a v b ng
thng (d) i qua im A(-1;0) v tip xc vi (P).
Bi 12: Cho hm s 21 x x y a) V th hn s tr n. b) Dng th cu a bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng tr nh
m x x 21 Bi 13: Cho 2( ) : ; ( ) : 2 . P y x d y x m
a) V (P). b) Tm m (P) tip xc (d).
Bi 14: Cho2
( ) : ; ( ) : .4
x P y d y x m
a) V (P). b) Xc nh m (P) v (d) ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A v B.c) Xc nh phng tr nhng thng (d') song song vi ng thng (d) v ct (P) ti
im c tung bng-4.d) Xc nh phng tr nhng thng (d'') vung gc vi (d') v i qua giao im ca
(d') v (P)
Bi 15: Cho hm s 2 x y (P) v hm s y = x + m (d)a) Tm m sao cho (P) v (d) ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A v B b) Xc nh phng tr nhng thng (d') vung gc vi (d) v tip xc vi (P)
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
23/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
c) Thit lp cng thc tnh khongcch gia hai im bt k . p dng tm m sao chokhong cch gia hai im A v B bng 23
Bi 16: Cho im A(-2;2) v ng thng 1 : 2( 1).d y x a) im A c thuc 1d khng. b) Tm a hm s 2. xa y (P) i qua A.c) Xc nh phng tr nhng thng 2d i qua A v vung gc vi 1 .d d) Gi A v B l giao im ca (P) v 2d ; C l giao im ca 1d vi trc tung.
Tm to ca B v C. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
Bi 17: Cho (P) : 241
x y v ng thng (d) qua hai im A v B trn (P) c honh
lm lt l -2 v 4.a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (P) ca hm s tr n. b) Vit phng tr nhng thng (d).
c)
Tm im M tr n cung AB ca (P) tng ng honh 4;2 x sao cho tamgic MAB c din tch ln nht. Bi 18: Cho (P) :
4
2 x y v im M (1;-2).
a) Vit phng tr nhng thng (d) i qua M v c h s gc l m. b) Chng minh-+(d) lun ct (P) ti hai im phn bit A v B khi m thay i.c) Gi B A x x ; ln lt l honh ca A v B.Xc nh m 22 B A B A x x x x t gi tr
nh nht v tnh gi tr .d) Gi A' v B' ln lt l hnh chiu ca A v B trn tr c honh v S l din tch t
gic AA'B'B. Tnh S theo m.
Bi 19: Cho hm s2
x y
(P)a) V (P). b) Gi A, B l hai im thuc (P) c honh ln lt l -1 v 2. Vit phng
trnhng thng AB.c) Vit phng tr nhng thng (d) song song vi AB v tip xc vi (P).
Bi 20: Cho parabol (P) : 241
x y v ng thng (d): 12 mmx y
a) V (P). b) Tm m sao cho (P) v (d) tip xc nhau. Tm to tip im.c) Chng t rng (d) lun i qua mt imc nh.
Bi 21: Cho (P) : 241 x y v im I(0;-2). Gi (d) l ng thng qua I v c h s
gc m.a) V (P) v chng minh(d) lun ct (P) ti hai im phn bit A v B. b) Tm gi tr ca m on AB ngn nht.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
24/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 22: Cho (P) :4
2 x y v ng thng (d) i qua im(3/ 2;1) I c h s gc l m.
a) V (P) v vit phng tr nh (d). b) Tm m sao cho (d) tip xc (P).c) Tm m sao cho (d) v (P) c haiim chung phn bit.
Bi 23: Cho (P) :42 x y v ng thng (d) : 2
2 x y
a) V (P) v (d). b) Tm to giao im ca (P) v (d).c) Tm to ca im thuc (P) sao cho ti ng tip tuyn ca (P) song song
vi (d).
Bi 24: Cho (P) : 2 x y a) V (P). b) Gi A v B l hai im thuc (P) c honh ln lt l -1 v 2. Vit phng tr nh
ng thng AB.c) Vit phng tr nhng thng (d) song song vi AB v tip xc vi (P).
Bi 25: Cho (P) : 22 x y a) V (P). b) Trn (P) ly im A c honh x = 1 v im B c honh x = 2. Xc nh cc
gi tr ca m v n ng thng (d) : y = mx + n tip xc vi (P) v song song viAB.
Bi 26: Xc nh gi tr ca m hai ng thng 1 2: ; : 1d x y m d mx y ctnhau ti mt im tr n 2( ) : 2 . P y x
VN 5. GII TON BNG CCH LP PHNG TR
NH
D NG 1. TON CHUYN NG
Bi 1: Hai tnh A v B cch nhau 180 km. Cng mt lc, mt t i t A n B v mt xe my i t B v A. Hai xe gp nhau ti th trn C. T C n B t i ht 2 gi , cn t Cv A xe my i ht 4 gi 30 pht. Tnh vn tc ca mi xe bit rng trn ng AB haixe u chy vi vn tc khng i. Bi 2: Mt ca n xuidng t bn A n bn B ri li ngc dng t bn B v bn Amt tt c 4 gi . Tnh vn tc ca ca n khi nc yn lng, bit rng qung sng AB di30 km v vn tc dng nc l 4 km/h.
Bi 3: Mt ca n xui t bn A n bn B vi vn tc 30 km/h, sau li ngc t B trv A.Thi gian xui t hn thi gian i ngc 1 gi 20 pht. Tnh khong cch gia hai bn A v B bit rng vn tc dng nc l 5 km/h.Bi 4: Mt ngi chuyn ng u tr n mt qungng gm mt on ng bng vmt on ng dc. Vn tc trn on ng bng v trn on ng dc tng ng l40 km/h v 20 km/h. Bit rng on ng dc ngn hn on ng bng l 110km vthi gian ngi ic qung ng l 3 gi 30 pht. Tnh chiu di qungngngi i.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
25/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 5: Mt xe ti v mt xe con cng khi hnh t A n B. Xe ti i vi vn tc 30
km/h, xe con i vi vn tc 45 km/h. Sau khi i c43 qungng AB, xe con tng
vn tc thm 5 km/h trn qungng cn li. Tnh qungng AB bit rng xe conn B sm hn xe ti 2gi 20 pht. Bi 6: Mt ngi i xe p t A n Bcch nhau 33 Km vi mt vn tc xc nh Khit B v A ngi i bng con ng khc di hn trc 29 Km nhng vi vn tc lnhn vn tc lc i 3 Km/h. Tnh vn tc lc i , bit rng thi gian v nhiu hn thi giani l 1 gi 30 pht. Bi 7: Hai ca n cng khi hnh t hai bn A, B cch nhau 85 Km i ngc chiu nhau.Sau 1h40 th gp nhau. Tnh vn tc ring ca mi ca n, bit rng vn tc ca n i xuiln hn vn tc ca n i ngc 9Km/h v vn tc dng nc l 3 Km/h.
Bi 8: Hai a im A,B cch nhau 56 Km . Lc 6h45pht mt ngi i xe p t A vivn tc 10 Km/h. Sau 2 gi mt ngi i xe p t B n A vi vn tc 14 Km/h. Hi
n my gi h gp nhau v ch gp nhau cchA bao nhiu Km.Bi 9: Mt ngi i xe p t A n B vi vn tc 15 Km/h. Sau mt thi gian, mtngi i xe my cng xut pht t A vi vn tc 30 Km/h v nu khng c g thayi ths ui kp ngi i xe my ti B. Nhng sau khi i c na qung ng AB, ngi ixe p gim bt vn tc 3 Km/h nn hai ngi gp nhau ti C cch B 10 Km . Tnhqungng AB
Bi 10: Mt ngi i xe my t A n B vi vn tc trung bnh l 30 Km/h . Khin Bngi ngh 20 pht ri quay tr v A vi vn tc trung bnh l 24 Km/h . Tnh qungng AB bit rng thi gian c i ln v l 5 gi 50 pht.
Bi 11: Mt ca n xui t bn A n bn B vi vn tc trung bnh 30 Km/h , sau ngc t B v A. Thi gian i xui t hn thi gian i ngc l 40 pht. Tnh khongcch gia hai bn A v B bit rng vn tc dng nc l 3 Km/h v vn tc ring ca can l khng i .
Bi 12: Mt t d nh i t tnh A n tnh B vi vvn tc trung bnh l 40 Km/h . Lcu t i vi vn tc , khi cn 60 Km na th c mt na qung ng AB ,ngi li xe tng vn tc thm 10 Km/h trn qungng cn li . Do t n tnh Bsm hn 1gi so vi d nh . Tnh qungng AB.
Bi 13: Hai ca n khi hnh cng mt lc v chy t bn A n bn B . Ca n I chy vivn tc 20 Km/h , ca n II chy vi vn tc 24 Km/h . Trn ng i ca n II dng li 40 pht , sau tip tc chy . Tnh chiu di qungng sng AB bit rng hai ca n nB cng mt lc . Bi 14: Mt ngi i xe p t A n B cch nhau 50 Km . Sau 1 gi 30 pht , mtngi i xe my cng i t A v n B sm hn 1 gi . Tnh vn tc ca mi xe , bitr ng vn tc ca xe my gp 2,5 ln vn tc xe p.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
26/42
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
27/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 25: Hai t sn xut cng nhn chung mt mc khon . Nu lm chung trong 4 gi th
hon thnh c32 mc khon . Nu mi t lm ring th t ny s lm xong mc
khon th mi t phi lm trong bao lu ?
Bi 26: Hai t cng nhn lm chung trong 12 gi s hon thnh xong cng vic nh .H lm chung vi nhau trong 4 gi th t th nht c iu i lm vic khc , t th hailm nt cng vic cn li trong 10 gi . Hi t th hai lm mt mnh th sau bao lu shon thnh cng vic.
Bi 27: Hai ngi th cng lm mt cng vic trong 16 gi th xong . Nu ngi thnht lm 3 gi v ngi th hai lm 6 gi th h lm c 25% cngvic. Hi mi ngilm cng vic trong my gi th xong.
D NG 3. TON TH TCH
Bi 28: Hai vi n
c cng ch
y vo m
t ci b khng cha nc l
m y b trong 5gi 50 pht Nu chy ring th vi th hai chy y b nhanh hn vi th nht l 4 gi .Hi nu chy ring th mi vi chy trong bao lu s y b ?
Bi 29: Hai vi nc cng chy vo mt ci b khng c nc v chy y b mt 1 gi48 pht . Nu chy ring , vi th nht chy y b nhanh hn vi th hai trong 1 gi 30 pht . Hi nu chy ring th mi vi s chy y b trong bao lu ?
Bi 30: Mt my bm mun bm y nc vo mt b cha trong mt thi gian quy
nh th mi gi phi bm c 10 m3 . Sau khi bm c31 th tch b cha , my
bm hot ng vi cng sut ln hn , mi gi bm c 15 m3 . Do vy so vi quynh , b cha c bm y trc 48 pht. Tnh th tch b cha.
Bi 31: Nu hai vi nc cng chy vo mt ci b cha khng c nc th sau 1 gi 30 pht s y b . Nu m vi th nht trong 15 pht ri kho li v m vi th hai chy
tip trong 20 pht th s c51 b . Hi mi vi chy ring th sau bao lu s y b ?
Bi 32: Hai vi nc cng chy vo mt ci b cha khng c nc th sau 2 gi 55 phts y b Nu chy ring th vi th nht chy y b nhanh hn vi th hai 2 gi . Hinu chy ring th mi vi chy y b trong bao lu.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
28/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
VN 6. CC BI TON HNH H C TNG HP
Bi 1: Cho hai ng tr n tm O v O c R > R tip xc ngoi ti C.K cc ng knhCOA v COB. Qua trung im M ca AB, dng DE vung gc vi BC.
a) T gic ADBE l hnh g. b) Ni D vi C ct ng tr n tm O ti F. Chng minh B,E, F thng hng.c) Ni D vi B ct ng tr n tm O ti G. Chng minh EC i qua G.d) Xt v tr ca MF i vi ng tr n tm O, v tr ca AE vi ng tr n ngoi
tip t gic MCFE.Bi 2: Cho na ng tr n tm Ong knh CD = 2R. Dng Cx, Dy vung gc viCD. T im E bt k trn na ng tr n, dng tip tuyn vi ng tr n , ct Cx ti P ,ct Dy ti Q.
a) Chng minhtam gic POQ vung v POQ ng dng vi CED. b) Tnh tch CP.DQ theo R.c) Tnh th tch ca hnh gii hn bi na ng tr n tm O v hnh thang vung
CPQD khi chng cng quay theo mt chiu v tr n mt vng quanh CD.Bi 3: Cho ng tr n tm O bn knh R c haing knh AOB , COD vung gc vinhau. Ly im E bt k trn OA , ni CE ct ng tr n ti F . Qua F dng tip tuyn Fxvi ng tr n , qua E dng Ey vung gc vi OA . Gi I l giao im ca Fx v Ey .
a) Chng minh I, F, E, O cng thuc mt ng tr n. b) T gic CEIO l hnh g.c) Khi E chuyn ng tr n AB th I chuyn ng trn ng no.
Bi 4: Cho ng tr n tm O v mt im A trn ng tr n . Qua A dng tip tuynAx . Trn Ax ly mt im Q bt k , dng tip tuyn QB .
a) Chng minh t gic QBOA ni tip. b) Gi E l trung im ca QO , tm qu tch ca E khi Q chuyn ng tr n Ax.c) H BK Ax , BK ct QO ti H . Chng minh t gic OBHA l hnh thoi, t
suy ra qu tch ca im H.Bi 5: Cho ABC c ba gc nhn ni tip ng tr n tm O. Cc ng cao AD , BKct nhau ti H , BK ko di ct ng trong ti F . V ng knh BOE.
a) T gic AFEC l hnh g. b) Gi I l trung im ca AC. Chng minh H, I, E thng hng.c) Chng minhOI =
2 BH v H, F i xng nhau qua AC.
Bi 6: Cho (O, R) v (O, R ) vi R > R tip xc trong ti A . ng ni tm ct ngtrn O v ng tr n O ti B v C . Qua trung im P ca BC dng dy MN vung gcvi BC . Ni A vi M ct ng tr n O ti E .
a) So snh hai gc AMO v NMC. b) Chng minh N , B , E thng hng v OP = R ; OP = R.c) Xt v tr ca PE vi ng tr n tm O.
Bi 7: Cho ng tr n tm Ong knh AB . Ly B lm tm v ng tr n bn knhOB . ng tr n ny ct ng tr n O ti C v D
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
29/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
a) T gic ODBC l hnh g. b) Chng minh OC AD ; OD ACc) Chng minh tr c tm ca tam gic CDB nm trn ng tr n tm B.
Bi 8: Cho ng tr n tm O v mt ng thng d ct ng tr n ti hai im cnh A v B . T mt im M bt k trnng thng d nm ngoi on AB ngi ta khai tip tuyn vi ng tr n l MP v MQ ( P, Q l cc tip im ).
a) Tnh cc gc ca MPQ bit rng gc gia hai tip tuyn MP v MQ l 450 b) Gi I l trung im AB . Chng minhM , P , Q , O , I cng nm tr n mt ng
trn.c) Tm qu tch tm ng tr n ngoi tip MPQ khi M chy tr n d.
Bi 9: Cho ABC ni tip ng tr n tm O , tia phn gic trong ca gc A ct cnh BCti E v ct ng tr n ti M .
a) Chng minh OM BC b) Dng tia phn gic ngoi Ax ca gc A . Chng minh Ax i qua mt im c nhc) Ko di Ax ct CB ko di ti F . Chng minh:FB . EC = FC . EB
Bi 10: Cho ABC c AB = AC v gc BAC nhn, mt cung tr n BC nm trong ABC v tip xc vi AB , AC ti B v C . Trn cung BC ly im M ri h cc ngvung gc MI , MH , MK xung cc cnh tng ng BC , CA , AB . Gi P l giao imca MB , IK v Q l giao im ca MC , IH.
a) CMR cc t gic BIMK , CIMH ni tip b) CMR tia i ca tia MI l phn gic ca gcHMKc) CMR t gic MPIQ ni tip c, t suy raPQ BC
Bi 11: : Cho ABC c AC > AB v gc BAC t. GiI , K theo th t l cc trung imca AB , AC . Cc ng tr n ng knh AB , AC ct nhau ti im th hai D ; tia BAct ng tr n (K) ti im th hai E ; tia CA ct ng tr n (I) ti im th hai F.
a) CMR ba im B , C , D thng hng b) CMR t gic BFEC ni tip cc) Chng minh ba ng thng AD , BF , CE ng quy d) Gi H l giao im th hai ca tia DF vi ng tr n ngoi tip AEF . Hy so
snh di cc on thng DH , DE .
Bi 12: Cho ng tr n (O;R) vim A vi OA = 2 R , mt ng thng (d) quayquanh A ct (O) ti M , N ; gi I l trung im ca on MN.
a) Chng minhOI MN. Suy ra I di chuyn tr n mt cung tr n c nh vi haiim gii hn B , C thuc (O).
b) Tnh theo R di AB , AC. Suy ra A, O, B, C l bn nh ca hnh vung.
c) Tnh din tch ca phn mt phng gii hn bi on AB, AC v cung nh BCca (O).Bi 13: Cho na ng tr n ng knh AB = 2R , C l trung im ca cung AB . Tr ncung AC ly im F bt k . Trn dy BF ly im E sao cho BE = AF.
a) AFC v BEC c quan hvi nhau nh th no. b) CMR FEC vung cnc) Gi D l giao im ca ng thng AC vi tip tuyn ti B ca na ng tr n .
CMR t gic BECD ni tip c.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
30/42
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
31/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
b) Chng minh MN l tia phn gic ca gc AMB v ng thng MN lun i quamt im K c nh.
c) Chng minh KM.KN khng i.Bi 21: Cho mt ng tr n ng knh AB, cc im C, D trn ng trn sao cho C,D khng nm tr n cng mt na mt phng b AB ng thi AD > AC. Gi cc imchnh gia cc cung AC , AD ln lt l M , N ; giao im ca MN vi AC , AD ln ltl H , I ; giao im ca MD vi CN l K
a) Chng minh MAK NKD ; cn. b) Chng minht gic MCKH ni tip v KH // AD.c) So snh gc CAK vi gc DAK .
Bi 22: Cho ba im A , B , Ctrn mt ng thng theo th t y v ng thng (d)vung gc vi AC ti A . V ng tr n ng knh BC v trn ly im M bt k .Tia CM ct ng thng d ti D ; tia AM ct ng tr n ti im th hai N ; tia DB ctng tr n ti im th hai P.
a) Chng minh t gic ABMD ni tip.
b)
Chng minhCM.CD khng ph thuc v tr ca Mc) T gic APND l hnh g.d) Chng minh trng tm G ca tam gic MAC chy tr n mt ng tr n c nh khi
M di ng. Bi 23: Cho na ng tr n tm Ong knh AB . Mt im Mnm tr n cung AB ;gi H l im chnh gia ca cung AM . Tia BH ct AM ti mt im I v ct tip tuynti A ca ng tr n (O) ti im K . Cc tia AH ; BM ct nhau ti S .
a) Tam gic BAS l tam gic g ? Ti sao ? Suy ra im S nm tr n mt ng tr nc nh .
b) Xc nh v tr tong i ca ng thng KS vi ng tr n (B;BA).c) ng tr n i qua B, I, S ct ng tr n (B;BA) ti mt im N. Chng minh
ng thng MN lun i qua mt im c nh khi M di ng tr n cung AB.d) Xc nh v tr ca M sao chogc MKA bng 90 . Bi 24 : Cho t gic ABCD ni tip trong mt ng tr n v P lim chnh gia cacung AB khng cha C v D . Hai dy PC v PD ln lt ct dy AB ti E v F . Cc dyAD v PC ko di ct nhau ti I ; cc dy BC v PD ko di ct nhau ti K. Chng minhr ng
a) Gc CID bng gc CKD. b) T gic CDFE ni tip c.c) IK // AB.d) ng tr n ngoi tip tam gic AFD tip xc vi PA ti A.
Bi 25: Cho hai ng tr n (O1) v (O2) tip xc ngoi vi nhau ti A , k tip tuynchung Ax. Mt ng thng d tip xc vi (O1) , (O2) ln lt ti cc im B , C v ctAx ti im M . K cc ng knh BO1D v CO2E.
a) Chng minh M l trung im ca BC b) Chng minh tam gicO1MO2 vungc) Chng minh B , A , E thng hng v C , A , D thng hngd) Gi I l trung im caDE. Chng minh ng tr n ngoi tip tam gic IO1O2
tip xc vi ng thng d.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
32/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Bi 26: Cho (O;R) trn c mt dy AB = R 2 c nh v mt im M di ng tr ncung ln AB sao cho tam gic MAB c ba gc nhn . Gi H l tr c tm ca tam gicMAB ; P , Q ln lt l cc giao im th hai ca cc ng thng AH , BH vi ngtrn (O) ; S l giaoim ca cc ng thng PB , QA.
a) Chng minh PQ l ng knh ca ng tr n (O)
b) T gic AMBS l hnh gc) Chng minh di SH khng id) Gi I l giao im ca cc ng thng SH, PQ. Chng minh I chy tr n mt
ng tr n c nh. Bi 27: Cho (O;R) ng knh AB, k ti p tuyn Ax v trn ly imP sao cho AP >R . K tip tuyn PM (M l tip im ).
a) Chng minh BM // OP b) ngthng vung gcvi AB ti O ct tiaBM ti N. T gic OBNP l hnh g.c) Gi K l giao im ca AN vi OP ; I l giao im ca ON vi PM ; J l giao
im ca PN vi OM. Chng minh K, I, J thng hngd) Xc nh v tr ca P sao cho K nm trn ng tr n (O).
Bi 28: Cho ng tr n (O;R) , haing knh AB v CD vung gc nhau . Trong onthng AB ly im M ( khc im O ) , ng thng CM ct ng tr n (O) ti im thhai N . ng thng vung gc vi AB ti M ct tip tuyn ti N vi ng tr n (O)im P .
a) Chng minh t gic OMNP ni ti p. b) T gic CMPO l hnh g.c) Chng minh CM.CN khng i.d) Chng minh khi M di ng trn on AB th P chy tr n mtng thng c
nh.Bi 29: Cho hai ng tr n (O), (O) ct nhau ti hai im A v B. Cc ng thng AO,AO ct ng tr n (O) ln lt ti cc im th hai C, D v ct ng tr n (O) ln ltti cc im th hai E, F.
a) Chng minh B, F, C thng hng. b) Chng minh t gic CDEF ni tip. c) Chng minh A l tm ng tr n ni tip tam gic BDE.d) Tmiu kin DE l tip tuyn chung ca cc ng tr n (O) v (O).
Bi 30: Cho na ng tr n ng knh AB = 2R v mt im M bt k tr n na ngtrn (M khc A v B). ng thng d tip xc vi na ng tr n ti M v ct ngtrung tr c ca on ABti I. ng tr n (I) tip xc vi AB ct ng thng d ti C vD (D nm trong gc BOM).
a) Chng minh cc tia OC, OD l cc tia phn gic ca cc gc AOM, BOM. b) Chng minhCA v DB vung gc vi AB.c) Chng minh tam gic AMB v COD ng dng. d) Chng minh h thc: AC.BD = R 2.
Bi 31: Cho ng tr n (O;R) ng knh AB v mt im M bt k trn ng tr n.Gi cc im chnh gia ca cc cung AM , MB ln lt l H, I. Cc dy AM v HI ctnhau ti K.
a) Chng minh gc HKM c ln khng i.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
33/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
b) H . Chng minh IP l tip tuyn ca (O;R).c) Gi Q l trung im ca dy MB. V hnh bnh hnh APQS. Chng minh Sthuc ng tr n (O;R).d) Chng minh khi M di ng th th ng thng HI lun lun tip xc vi mtng tr n c nh.
Bi 32: Cho na ng tr n (O)ng knh AB v hai im C , D thuc na ng tr nsao cho cung AC < 900 v gc COD bng 90 . Gi M l mt im tr n na ng tr nsao cho C l im chnh chnh gia cung AM. Cc dy AM, BM ct OC, OD ln lt tiE v F.
a) T gic OEMF l hnh g. b) Chng minh D l im chnh gia ca cung MB. c) Mt ng thng d tip xc vi na ng trn ti M v ct cc tia OC , OD
ln lt ti I v K. Chng minh cc t gic OBKM, OAIM ni tip.d) Gi s tia AM ct tia BD ti S. Xc nh v tr ca C v D sao cho 5 im M , O
B , K , S cng thuc mt ng tr n.Bi 33: Cho tam gic ABC c AB = AC , mt cung tr n BC nm bn trong tam gicABC v tip xc vi AB , AC ti B , C sao cho A v tm ca cung BC nm khc pha ivi BC . Tr n cung BC ly mt im M ri k cc ng vung gc MI , MH , MKxung cc cnh tng ng BC , CA , AB. Gi giao im ca BM , IK l P ; giao imca CM , IH l Q. Chng minh rng
a) Cc t gic BIMK, CIMH ni tip c. b) MI2 = MH . MKc) T gic IPMQ ni tip v PQ MId) Nu KI = KB th IH =
VN 7. MT S TON LUYN THI
thi th s 1. Thi gian 120 pht
Cu I
Cho biu thc P =
a
a
a
aa
a
a
a11.
1112 3
3 3
1) Rt gn P 2) Xt du ca biu thc 1 . P a
Cu II Mt ca n xui t A n B vi vn tc 30km/h, sau li ngc t B v A. Thigian xui t hn thi gian ngc 1h20 pht. Tnh khong cch gia hai bn A v B bit rng vn tc dng nuc l 5km/h v vn tc ring ca ca n khi xui v ngcl bng nhau.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
34/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Cu III
Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A vi gc BAC nhn. Mt cung tr n BC nm trong tamgic ABC v tip xc vi AB, AC ti B v C. Trn cung BC ly mt im M ri hng vung gcMI, MH, MK xung cc cnh tng ng BC, AB, CA. Gi P lgiao im ca MB, IK v Q l giao im ca MC, IH.1) Chng minh rng cc t gic BIMK, CIMH ni tip c.2) Chng minh tia ica tia MI l phn gic ca gc HMK .3) Chng minh tgic MPIQ ni tip v PQ song song viBC.4) Gi (O2) l ng tr n i qua M, P, K ; (O2) l ng tr n i qua M, Q, H ; N l
giao im th hai ca (O1) v (O2) v D l trung im ca BC. Chng minh M, N,D thng hng.
Cu IVTm tt c cc cp s ( x, y) tho mn phng tr nh 25 2 ( 2) 1 0. x x y y
thi th s 2. Thi gian 120 pht
Cu I
Cho biu thc A =
12
21:1
11
a
a
a
a
aa
1) Rt gn A 2) Tm a 1/6. A
Cu IICho phngtrnh 2 2( 2) 1 0 x m x m vi m l tham s. 1) Gii phng tr nh khi 3/2.m 2) Tm m phung tr nh c hai nghim tri du.3) Gi 1 2, x x l hai nghim ca phng tr nh .Tm m
21 2 2 11 2 1 2 . x x x x m Cu III
Cho tam gic ABC( , 90 ). AB AC BAC Gi I, K th t l cc trung im caAB vAC. Cc ng tr n ng knh AB, AC ct nhau ti im th hai D; tia BAct ng tr n (K) ti im th hai E, tia CA ct ng tr n (I) ti im th hai F. a) Chng minh bai im B, C, D thng hng. b) Chng minh t gic BFEC ni tip. c) Chng minh ba ng thng AD, BF, CE ng quy.
d)
Gi H l giao im th hai ca tia DF vi ng tr n ngoi tip tam gic AEF.Hy so snh di cc on thng DH, DE.Cu IV
Xt hai phng tr nh bc hai 2 20 v 0.ax bx c cx bx a Tm h thc giaa,b, c l iu kin cn v hai phng tr nh trn c mt nghim chung duy nht.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
35/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
thi th s 3. Th i gian 120 pht
Cu I
Cho biu thc A =
12
11:
122
11
x x x x x x
x
x
1) Rt gn A 2) V i GT no ca x th At GTNN v tm GTNN.
Cu II
Mt ngi i xe my t A n B cch nhau 120km vivn tc d nh trc .Saukhi i c1/3 qung ng AB ngi tng vn tc ln 10km/h trn qungng cn li. Tm vn tc d nh v thi gian ln bnh trn ng,bit rngngi n B sm hn d nh 24pht.
Cu III
Cho ng tr n (O) bn knh R v mt dy BC c nh. Gi A l im chnh gia cacung nh BC. Ly im M tr n cung nh AC, k tia Bx vung gc vi tia MA I vct tia CM ti D. 1) Chng minhgc AMD = gc ABC v MA l tia phn gic ca gc BMD. 2) Chng minh A l tm ng tr n ngoi tip tam gic BCD v gc BDC c ln
khng ph thuc vo v tr im M. 3) Tia DA ct tia BC ti E v ct ng tr n (O) ti im th hai F, chngminh AB
l tip tuyn ca ng tr n ngoai tip tam gic BEF. 4) Chng minh tch P = AE.AF khng i khi M di ng. Tnh P theo bn knh R v
ABC = Cu IV
Cho hai bt phng tr nh 3 2 1 v 2 0.mx m x m x Tm m hai bt phngtrnh trn c cng tp hp nghim.
thi th s 4. Th i gian 120 pht
Cu I
Cho biu thc P =
141:
11
112
3 x x
x
x x
x
1) Rt gn P 2) Tm gi tr nguyn ca x P nhn gi tr nguyn dng.
Cu II
Mt ngi d nh i xe p t A n B cch nhau 96km trong thi gian nhtnh.Sau khi i c na qungng ngi dng li ngh 18 pht.Do n B ng hn ngi tng vn tc thm 2km/h trn qungng cn li.Tnh vn tc ban u v thi gian xe ln bnh trn ng.
www.MATHVN.com
www.DeThiThuDaiHoc.com
-
8/12/2019 On Thi Lop 10 Toan VuVanBac
36/42
Ti li u n thi vo l p 10 mn Ton by V Vn Bc
Cu III
Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. ng tr n ng knh AH ctcc cnh AB, AC ln lt ti E v F.1) Chng minh t gic AEHF l hnh ch nht.2) Chng minhAE.AB = AF.AC3) ng thng qua A vung gc vi EF ct cnh BC ti I. CMR: I l trungim ca BC.4) Chng minhnu din tch tam giac ABC gp i din tch hnh ch nht
AEHF th tam gic ABC vung cn.
thi th s 5. Th i gian 120 pht
Cu I
Cho biu thc P =
12
11:1
1 x x x x x x
1) Rt gn P 2) Tm x 0. P 3) Tm m . P x m x
Cu IIMt xe ti v mt xe con cng khi hnh t A i n B. Xe ti i vi vn tc40km/h, xe con i vi vn tc 60km/h. Saukhi mi xe i c na ng th xecon ngh 40 pht ri chy tip n B; xe ti tr n qungng cn li tng vntc thm 10km/h nhng vn n B chm hn xe con na gi. Hy tnh qung-ng AB.
Cu III
Cho ng tr n (O) v mt im A nm ngoi ng tr n. T A k hai tip tuynAB, AC v ct tuyn AMN vi ng tr n (B, C, M, N thuc ng tr n, AM