onderwijs en jeugdwerkloosheid
DESCRIPTION
Presentatie op congres jeugdwerkloosheid van de Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van Belgie. Thema's: basiskwalificatie voor iedereen, meer hooggeschoolden, betere trajecten in beroepsopleiding enTRANSCRIPT
ONDERWIJS EN JEUGDWERKLOOSHEID
Dirk Van Damme, Head of the Innovation and Measuring Progress Division, Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
OECD-Total
Youth unemployment rate (as % of youth
labour force), 15-24 year-olds
2
3
Inactivity among very young youth Percentage of 15-19 year-old NEET (2011)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Un
ited
Kin
gdo
m
No
rway
Spai
n
Ital
y
OEC
D a
vera
ge
Po
rtu
gal
Au
stri
a
Irel
and
Swit
zerl
and
Ko
rea
Den
mar
k
Net
her
lan
ds
Swed
en
Gre
ece
Fran
ce
Be
lgiu
m
Esto
nia
Icel
and
Fin
lan
d
Slo
vak
Rep
ub
lic
Ger
man
y
Cze
ch R
epu
blic
Hu
nga
ry
Po
lan
d
Luxe
mb
ou
rg
%
Not in education and unemployed
Not in education and not in the labour force
Not in education (Total)
• Of 15-29 year-olds are
– 47% in education
– 53% not in education
• 39.1% employed
• 13.9% not in employment
– 7.8% not in the labour force
– 6.1% unemployed
» 2.9% more than 6 months
» 3.2% less than 6 months
4
Some key data for Belgium (2011-2012)
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 1: MAKE SURE ALL YOUTH
HAVE A BASIC QUALIFICATION
5
Employment rate by educational attainment,
2005-11, 25-34 year-olds
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Belgium below upper sec Belgium upper secondary Belgium tertiary
OECD av below secondary OECD av upper secondary OECD av tertiary
EU21 av below upper secondary EU21 av upper secondary EU21 av tertiary
25-34 year-olds
6
Employment rate by educational attainment,
2005-11, 45-54 year-olds
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Belgium below upper sec Belgium upper secondary Belgium tertiary
OECD av below secondary OECD av upper secondary OECD av tertiary
EU21 av below upper secondary EU21 av upper secondary EU21 av tertiary
45-54 year-olds
7
Employment rate gap for 25-34 y-olds with
less than upper sec, 2005-11
n
5
10
15
20
25
30
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Belgium difference in employment rates upper sec minus below secondary
OECD difference in employment rates upper sec minus below secondary
EU21 difference in employment rates upper sec minus below secondary
25-34 year-olds
8
9
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 2: ENSURE HIGHER LEVELS
OF TERTIARY ATTAINMENT
10
Evolution of employment in occupational
groups defined by level of education
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Occupations with high educated workers
Occupations with medium educated workers
Occupations with low-educated workers
Percent Percentage change in the share of employment relative to 1998, by occupational groups defined by workers’ average level of education
11
12
Tertiary attainment rate (2011)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Irel
and
Un
ited
Kin
gdo
m
No
rway
Luxe
mb
ou
rg
Fran
ce
Swed
en
Be
lgiu
m
Swit
zerl
and
Net
her
lan
ds
Fin
lan
d
Icel
and
Po
lan
d
Spai
n
Esto
nia
OEC
D a
vera
ge
Den
mar
k
Slo
ven
ia
Gre
ece
Hu
nga
ry
Ger
man
y
Po
rtu
gal
Slo
vak
Rep
ub
lic
Cze
ch R
epu
blic
Au
stri
a
Ital
y
25-34 year-olds 25-64 year-olds%
Annual growth rate in tertiary educational
attainment rate (1998-2008)
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Irel
and
Turk
ey
Spai
n
Po
lan
d
Po
rtu
gal
Luxe
mb
ou
rg
Ko
rea
Icel
and
Ital
y
Slo
vak
Rep
ub
lic
New
Zea
lan
d
Au
stra
lia
Swit
zerl
and
OEC
D a
vera
ge
Cze
ch R
epu
blic
Hu
nga
ry
Gre
ece
Mex
ico
Can
ada
Un
ited
Kin
gdo
m
Fran
ce
Au
stri
a
Den
mar
k
Jap
an
Net
her
lan
ds
Be
lgiu
m
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Fin
lan
d
Overall population growth Attainment rate growth%
Risk of over-qualification? Percentage of workers whose highest qualification is higher than the
qualification they deem necessary to get their job today (PIAAC, 2011)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Jap
an
Engl
and
/N.…
Au
stra
lia
Irel
and
Can
ada
Esto
nia
Ger
man
y
Spai
n
Ave
rage
Ko
rea
Au
stri
a
Cze
ch R
epu
blic
No
rway
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Swed
en
Den
mar
k
Slo
vak
Rep
ub
lic
Fin
lan
d
Po
lan
d
Cyp
rus¹
²
Flan
der
s (B
elgi
um
)
Net
her
lan
ds
Ital
y
14
01
23
4
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Swed
en
Spai
n
Slo
vak
Re
pu
blic
Po
lan
d
No
rway
Net
her
lan
ds
Ital
y
Irel
and
Ger
man
y
Flan
der
s (B
elgi
um
)
Fin
lan
d
Esto
nia
Engl
and
/N. I
rela
nd
(U
K)
Den
mar
k
Cze
ch R
epu
blic
Au
stri
a
16-24 year olds 45-54 year olds
Flemish youth is not more or less
overqualified than older workers
Adjusted odds ratio showing the likelihood of over-qualification by age group
15
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 3: PROVIDE HIGHER QUALITY
AND MORE RELEVANT EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORIES
16
General Vocational Total General Vocational Total
25-34 35-44
Belgium 69.24 83.01 79.44 80.31 85.38 84.12
Netherlands 75.98 88.13 85.75 83.24 87.29 86.33
Germany 53.25 84.27 80.33 73.35 85.89 85.65
France 75.15 79.17 77.87 83.19 85.29 84.70
OECD average 69.03 79.18 75.57 78.28 83.57 81.23
EU21 average 67.79 78.17 76.28 78.45 83.03 82.41
Employment rate 25-34 & 35-44 years-old, upper
secondary attainment, by programme orientation
17
Hungary
Poland
Sweden
Austria
France Estonia
Turkey
New Zealand
Finland
Czech Republic
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Slovak Republic
Switzerland
Germany
n
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
65 70 75 80 85 90
Pe
rce
nta
ge o
f 2
5-3
4 y
ear
-old
s th
at h
ave
att
ain
ed
an
up
pe
r se
con
dar
y V
ET q
ual
ific
atio
n a
s h
igh
est
leve
l of
ed
uca
tio
n
Employment rates for 25-34 year-olds with upper secondary VET qualifications
Countries where expenditure in VET programmes is above the OECD average Countries where expenditure in VET programmes is below the OECD average
%
%
OEC
D ave
rage
OECD average
18
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVE 4: VALUE SKILLS MORE THAN
QUALIFICATIONS
19
Youth unemployment and skills are linked
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Germany
Italy
Japan
Korea Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Japan
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
United States
Average
255
260
265
270
275
280
285
290
295
300
305
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Lite
racy
pro
fici
en
cy 1
6-2
4 y
ear
-old
s (P
IAA
C)
(20
11
)
Youth unemployment rate 15-24 year-olds (2012) 20
Percentage workers in high-skilled and
unskilled jobs
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Au
stri
a
Ital
y
Cze
ch R
epu
blic
Slo
vak
Rep
ub
lic
Jap
an
Ger
man
y
Engl
and
/N. I
rela
nd
(U
K)
Au
stra
lia
Po
lan
d
Ave
rage
Irel
and
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Net
her
lan
ds
Spai
n
Swed
en
Esto
nia
No
rway
Den
mar
k
Ko
rea
Cyp
rus¹
²
Can
ada
Fin
lan
d
Flan
der
s (B
elgi
um
)
Primary education or less Tertiary education or more
21
Likelihood of positive social and economic
outcomes among highly literate adults
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Good toexcellent
health
BeingEmployed
High levels oftrust
Participation involunteeractivities
High levels ofpoliticalefficacy
High wages
Average Germany England (UK) Flanders (Belgium)
(scoring at Level 4/5 compared with those scoring at Level 1 or below)
Odds ratio
22
23
Level 2
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
24
Young age is critical in skills
development
Age
Literacy unadjusted
Numeracy unadjusted
Numeracy adjusted
Literacy adjusted