Ontwikkeling en implementatie van informatiesystemen

Prof.dr. Sjaak Brinkkemper19 januari 2009

IOBM – Week 4, 2009

Agenda

Introductie: belang goede aanpak

Benaderingen van systeemontwikkeling en implementatie

Fasen in de traditionele benadering van systeemontwikkeling en -implementatie

Leerdoelen

Voor- en nadelen kennen van de verschillende methoden voor systeemontwikkeling

Activiteiten in de verschillende fasen van systeem-ontwikkeling kunnen benoemen

Verschillende wijzen voor het uitrollen van een nieuwe informatiesysteem kunnen onderscheiden (start-up approaches)

Wat zou u doen?

a. Stel u bent hoofd IT b. Stel u bent consultant bij IT service provider

KLM - Accenture: Vervoer van passagiers Passagiers inchecken

Gemeente IJsselsteijn - Conclusion: Gemeentelijke Burger Administratie (GBA) Uittreksels uit het bevolkingsregister verstrekken

Check-in channels @ KLM

Desk check-in

Kiosk check-in

Internet check-in

Gemeente IJsselstein

33.500 inwoners Centrum van Nederland Agglomeratie Utrecht Geen dienstverlening via internet

EAM Modellen van IJsselstein

Agenda

Introductie: belang goede aanpak

Benaderingen van systeemontwikkeling en implementatie

Fasen in de traditionele benadering van systeemontwikkeling en -implementatie

IT-projecten mislukken te vaak

IT investeringenin 2003 bedroegen $852 miljard (IDC)

Vooruitgang gaat langzaam …

[Source: Standish Chaos report, 2001]

Cijfers 2006Success: 35%Failure: 19%Challenged: 34%

Agenda

Introductie: belang goede aanpak

Benaderingen van systeemontwikkeling en implementatie

Fasen in de traditionele benadering van systeemontwikkeling en -implementatie

Parties involved in systems development

Aanvulling op boek:- Business analyst- Solutions architect- Application specialist- Web designer- Test engineer- Technical author- Configuration eng.- …

Information systems planningalignment of corporate and IS goals

Strategic plan

IS planning

Systems development initiatives

Discussie

Wat zijn belangrijke factoren om mee te nemen in een IS planningsproces uitvoeren?– KLM– IJsselsteijn

Aanpakken

1. Systems Development Life Cycle2. Prototyping3. End-user development4. Outsourcing

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Voor grote complexe systemen die formele analyse en strakke controle vergenNadelen: Duur, tijdrovend en onvoldoende flexibel. Gevaar van verouderde requirements wanneer systeem eindelijk operationeel is.

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysisUnderstand solution

Systems designSelect and plan best solution

Systems implementationPlace solution into effect

Systems maintenanceEvaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ Methode

Prototypingiterative approach

Met name toegepast wanneer user requirements moeilijk te definiëren zijnNadelen: Gevaar om stappen in ontwikkel-proces over te slaan, applicatie wordt niet uit ontwikkeld, gebrekkige documentatie

Determine requirements

Analyzealternatives

Specifydesign

Implementdesign

Userreview

Determine requirements

Analyzealternatives

Specifydesign

Implementdesign

Userreview

Determine requirements

Analyzealternatives

Specifydesign

Implementdesign

Userreview

1e iteratie

2e iteratie

3e iteratie

End-user development

Gebruikers ontwikkelen zelf systemen– met name specialistische systemen die

lokaal worden gebruikt Systemen voldoen beter aan eisen van

de gebruiker IS afdeling is hierbij ondersteunend

Nadelen:– Niet geschikt voor grote transactionele

systemen– Buiten IS afdeling dus testing, documentatie

en onderhoud niet gegarandeerd

Sourcing alternatives for system development

Sourcing: – Getting help from outside, e.g.,

consultants, system integrators Self-sourcing

– Do it yourself with your own IT staff Outsourcing

– Delegation to outside party– Application Service Provider (ASP)

Discussie

Welke bedrijfsfuncties zijn (geen) kandidaat voor outsourcing?– KLM– IJsselsteijn

Denk u later in uw professionele carrière met outsourcing te maken te krijgen?

Discussie

Wat is een verstandige aanpak voor de ontwikkeling van nieuwe systemen?

KLM Gemeente IJsselsteijn

Agenda

Introductie: belang goede aanpak

Benaderingen van systeemontwikkeling en implementatie

Fasen in de traditionele benadering van systeemontwikkeling en -implementatie

Systems investigation

Main activities:– Initiating system investigation– Enterprise Architecting– Feasibility analysis (technical,

economic, legal, operational, schedule)

Main deliverable:– Systems investigation report– Enterprise Architecture

ROIPayback periodDiscounted cashflow

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

Enterprise Architecture (Centre Parcs)

Management

Handling Finance

Call-center

Touroperator

Agent Commission

Booking

BookingBatch

Booking

Booking

Pre-Arrival Package (PAP)

Booking

Booking

Invoice

Payment

Booking

Invoice

Payment

Commission

FinancialReports

Center Parcs Europe (HQ) Individual Parks

Operations

FinancialReports

BookingBatch

Individual Departments

(leisure, catering, retail, housekeeping)

Planning

Reports

Suppliers

Supermarkets (Jumbo)

BookingInformation

Orders

Goods/Services

Finance

Invoice

Payment

FinancialReports

Payments from bookings

Cu

sto

mer

CRM

CustomerInformation

Customer Knowledge

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

System analysis

Main activities:– Data collection (detail problem study)– Data analysis (activity and data

modeling)– Requirements analysis

Main deliverable:– System analysis report– Requirements specification

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

Data modeling‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

Activity modeling‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

Discussie

Wat zijn belangrijke entiteiten in het domein van:– check-in– verstrekken uittreksel GBA

Zelfde voor activiteiten. Zelfde voor systeemrequirements

Systems design

Main activities:– Develop design (logical and technical)– Generate design alternatives– Freeze design specification– Negotiate contract

Main deliverables:– Design report– Contract with vendor/system integrator

(optional)

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysisUnderstand solution

Systems designSelect and plan best solution

Systems implementationPlace solution into effect

Systems maintenanceEvaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysisUnderstand solution

Systems designSelect and plan best solution

Systems implementationPlace solution into effect

Systems maintenanceEvaluate results of solution

Diag. Name tiascDiag. Desc. Module - Assembly ControlDiag. Version tiB51a

Modification Date 26-11-1999

Assembly ControlParameters(tiasc000)

WIP Estimates(tiasc700)

Assembly LineStatus (tiasc720)

Utilization perCritical OptionCombination(tiasl310)

Line Utilization(tiasl300)

Assembly Lines(tiasl130)

Calendar Codes(tcccp010)

ExchangeableConfigurations

(tiasl230)

Line Sequences(tiasl400)

Employees(tccom001)

Assembly Orders(tiasc200)

Line Segments(tiasl140)

Line Rules (tiasl170)

Remix/SequenceParameters(tiasl410)

SequenceFeedback(tiasc610)

Line Station Orders(tiasc210)

Purchase Orders byLine Station Order

(tiasc211)

Line StationVariants (tiasc220)

Assembly PartSupply Transfer(SILS) (tiasc820)

Assembly PartSupply Transfer

(Batch) (tiasc810)

General Item Data(tcibd001)

Operations(tiasc222)

Assembly Parts(tiasc221)

Tasks (tirou003)Warehouses(tcmcs003)

Option Combinations(tiasl110)

Option CombinationLists (tiasl111)

Bucket Definition(tiasl100)

Buckets (tiasl101)

Assembly PartRequirements

(tiasc740)

Clustered LineStation Orders

(tiasc730)

FinancialTransactions

(tiasc710)

Work Centres(tirou001)

Process TriggerDefinitions (tiasl800)

Assignments(tiasc510)

Assignments byLine Station(tiasc520)

Line Segments byAssembly Line

(tiasl141)

Line Rules by LineSegment (tiasl171)

Resource ActivityTypes (tcccp001)

Cost Components(tcmcs048)

Currencies(tcmcs002)

Features andOptions by LineStation Order

(tiasc212)

Stations by LineSegment (tiasl150)

Option CombinationExpressions (tiasl160)

Option Combination Lists- Option Combinations

(tiasl165)

User

Device

Messages(tiasc001)

Number Groups(tcmcs051)

First Free Numbers(tcmcs050)

Process Triggers(tiasl810)

Workteams byAssignment(tiasc530)

on

has

is for

is executed on

for

concerns

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is for is planner for

is for

has

has

is forhas is for

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needs

has

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is for

concerns low volumeAss. Order

placement

refers to

during

groups

concerns AssemblyPart

is for Assembly Part

has

is for

is grouped in is triggered by station

is for

is for

for

is for

is for station

is for

refers to

concerns

has calculation office

refers to

uses operation costcomponent

uses material costcomponent

uses overhead costcomponent

is part of

blocks

blocks or clusters

is for

refers to

has next station is for station

has next station

for

is for

FromTo

is for is for

is in

For AO

For CLSO

For LSO

refers to

has calc. office

Uses

is critical in

is refered to in

has

is on segment

is on line

System implementationSteps in this phase

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

System implementationStart-up approaches

Alternative 1

Alternative 2

Alternative 3

Alternative 4

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

Discussie

Wat is de beste invoeringstrategie in uw situatie?

Waar hangt de keuze van de invoeringstrategie mee samen?

Onderhoud van het informatiesysteem

Bemannen van een support organisatie– 1e, 2e en 3e lijns ondersteuning

Updates, patches en nieuwe releases van de software

Monitoren van de performance en maken van back-ups

Nieuwe functionaliteit ontwikkelen op verzoek van gebruikers

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation

Understand problem

Systems analysis

Understand solution

Systems design

Select and plan best solution

Systems implementation

Place solution into effect

Systems maintenance

Evaluate results of solution

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