Open Scholarship A U.S. Research Library View in 2014

Sarah E. ThomasVice-President for the Harvard Library

&Roy E. Larsen Librarian for the Faculty of Arts and Sciences

Overview

• Some historical perspective• What’s happening at Harvard• Other research libraries, other collaborations• Information policy developments• Benefits of Open Access• Impediments to Open Access• Some thoughts on the future

An Historical Perspective

Open Publishing at Harvard

Office of Scholarly CommunicationHarvard Library

● Implement the open access (OA) policies at eight schools ○ Adopt ninth at Harvard Medical

School● Deposit new faculty articles in

DASH, our open-access repository○ Obtain file, check version, add

metadata, verify license ● Advise faculty and other Harvard

researchers○ Offer education and assistance

● Work with other parts of the institution○ Preserve DASH, collect data,

create incentives, collaborate

Developed, operate, and maintain DASH

Office of Scholarly Communication -Broad mission

● Provide OA to the research output of Harvard, not just scholarly articles by faculty ○ genres beyond articles: theses, dissertations, books, data,

presentations○ researchers beyond faculty: staff, students, postdocs, fellows

● Offer education and assistance beyond the OA policies○ on the benefits and opportunities of OA in general○ on copyright, takedown notices, academic publishing○ on what’s changing, how to adapt, opportunities to seize

● Advise and assist on access issues○ to Harvard-based journals○ to Harvard-based digitization projects○ to other Harvard-based projects (HarvardX, FTLP, etc.)

● Represent Harvard on selected external initiatives○ participate in relevant studies and projects (UC study, SHARE,

COAPI, OSP); comment on relevant proposals; plan and co-host relevant conferences; collaborate with MIT and other institutions

● Maintain Harvard's leadership on OA and scholarly communication○ by helping other universities adopt Harvard-style OA policies○ by helping create a culture in which OA is the default for new

research

Established OA policies at Harvard

2/12/08 Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences

5/1/08 Harvard Law School 3/10/09 Harvard Kennedy School of

Government6/1/09 Harvard Graduate School of

Education2/12/10 Harvard Business School11/15/10 Harvard Divinity School3/20/11 Harvard Graduate School of

Design11/26/12 Harvard School of Public HealthSoon: Harvard Medical School

Helped develop OA policies elsewhere

Shared our experience and that of partner institutions

Endorsed by the Coalition of Open Access Policy Institutions (COAPI), Confederation of Open Access Repositories (COAR), Electronic Information for Libraries (EIFL), Enabling Open Scholarship (EOS), Mediterranean Open Access Network (MedOANet), Open Access Directory (OAD), Open Access Implementation Group (OAIG), Open Access Scholarly Information Sourcebook (OASIS), Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC), and SPARC Europe.

Compact for open-access publishing equity (COPE)

Harvard Open-Access Publishing Equity (HOPE)

HOPE Fund • What publication venues are eligible?• The venue of publication must be an established open-access journal,

that is, a journal that does not charge readers or their institutions for unfettered access to the peer-reviewed articles that it publishes.

• Journals with a hybrid open-access model or delayed open-access model are not eligible. To be eligible, a journal must meet these additional requirements:

• Be listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (unless the journal is too new for DOAJ eligibility),

• Be a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association or adhere to its Code of Conduct,

• Have publicly available a standard article fee schedule, • Have a policy to substantially waive fees in case of economic hardship.

Spearheads submission and distribution of ETDs

● Full-text to DASH (for OA), DRS (for preservation), and soon to Acme (for printing)

● Records to Hollis

Provides Copyright Leadership

●Kyle Courtney, OSC copyright advisor

●Advises●Developed Copyright First

Responders Program●Organized the country’s

first Fair Use Week (February 24-28, 2014)

●Testified ○ before Congress on fair use○ before the Copyright Office on

orphan works and mass digitization

Harvard OSC Future Work

● Finishing the roll-out of the ETDs@Harvard across the University● OA policy at HMS

○ 1,200 new papers/month from HMS alone, tripling the OSC load from 2013○ opportunity for a University-wide OA policy

● OA mandates from US Depts of Labor, Education, and HHS○ similar to current policy from NIH

● OA mandates coming from about two dozen federal agencies○ these will apply to both texts and data

● Preserving DASH in DRS2● Coordinating with Dataverse

○ to facilitate deposit of data○ to integrate open texts (in DASH) with open data (in Dataverse)

● Participating in new standards and projects, e.g. ORCID, PIRUS, OAI-ORE, OARJ, SHARE, support for open licenses

Open Access Monographs and the Academy

• AAU-ARL Task Force on Scholarly Communications

• Knowledge Unlatched• HathiTrust-Print Monographs Archive• Andrew W. Mellon Foundation• University Press-Library Collaborations– Harvard– Pitt– Cornell

Hathi Trust

SHARE• In response to the February 2013 White House directive on

public access to federally funded research and data, the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), the Association of American Universities (AAU), and the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) have proposed a SHared Access Research Ecosystem (SHARE). The three associations envision SHARE as a network of digital repositories at universities, libraries, and other research institutions across the US that will provide long-term public access to federally funded research articles and data. ARL, AAU, and APLU welcome wide community input throughout the forthcoming steps of conducting a formal feasibility study, governance building, and implementation.

Federally Funded Research Open Access

OA @ Tipping Point

• Budapest OA Initiative, Bethesda, Berlin Declaration• Coalitions: SPARC • Information Policy Development• Funder Mandates: National Institutes of Health

(PubMedCentral), Wellcome, National Science Foundation

• Sponsorship (Arcadia, Mellon, Open Society Institute, Sloan)

• Tools for dissemination: Internet, Apps, FEDORA, DSPACE, mobile technology

Factors Impeding OA

• Promotion and Tenure Policies• Disciplinary norms and cultures• Conflicting Interests of Scholarly Societies• Publisher Interests• Disconnected repositories, lack of suitable, sustainable

infrastructure• Embargoes• Insufficient understanding of copyright and licenses• No Easy Button• 1000 flowers blooming

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Scholarly Kitchen

Growth of Gold:

Only 15 % of researchers surveyed by Ithaka had deposited their paper in an IR

Open Data

A Few Observations on the Future

• Academics need to drive change by choosing to publish in OA journals.

• Librarians can facilitate this change and develop new roles by hosting OA journals and books

• It will be at least a decade before libraries will be able to redirect materials budgets away from subscription journals to a substantial corpus of OA material.

• The pull of Open Access is strong and irresistible.

Lewis Sees a Pot of Gold