options for sustainable waste management for hong kong c. s. poon
TRANSCRIPT
Options for Sustainable Waste Management
for Hong Kong
C. S. POON
WASTE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY
1. Avoid waste generation
2. Minimize waste generatio
n
3. Reuse/Recycle the materi
al
4. Waste treatment
5. Landfill disposal
AVOID
MINIMIZE
REUSE/RECYCLE
TREATMENT/ DISPOSAL
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Generation in Hong Kong
香港的都市固體廢物生產量
40 %60%
Recovered 2.3 million tonnes
回收再造二百三十萬公噸
Disposed of at landfills 3.4 million tonnes
棄置於堆填區三百四十萬公噸
Hong Kong generated 5.7 million tonnes MSW in 2004香港於 2004 年共產生五百七十萬公噸都市固體廢物
都市固體廢物 –其他國家的回收及堆肥Municipal Solid Waste –
Recycling & Composting in Other Countries
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
HK Waste Recycling Rates(%)
(2004) (2007) (2009) (2014)
• MSW 40 - 45 50
• Domestic 14 20 ? ?
• Domestic waste landfilled (7,014 t/d, 2004)
MEASURES TO AVOID/REDUCE/RECYCLE
WASTE
• Education• Waste charges• Product Responsibility Scheme (PRS)• Territory-wide source separation of waste• Appropriate use of RCP and RTS
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Generation in Hong Kong
香港的都市固體廢物生產量
40 %60%
Recovered 2.3 million tonnes
回收再造二百三十萬公噸
Disposed of at landfills 3.4 million tonnes
棄置於堆填區三百四十萬公噸
Hong Kong generated 5.7 million tonnes MSW in 2004香港於 2004 年共產生五百七十萬公噸都市固體廢物
Management Options of Residual Waste
after On-site Separation/Recycling
1) Direct Landfilling
2) Material Recovery Facilities of Recyclables (Dirty MRF)
2) Mechanical and biological treatment before landfilling
4) Thermal treatment before landfilling
5) Thermal treatment and reuse of ash
CURRENT SITUATION IN HK
• Total reliance on landfilling for non-recycled waste
Guangdong ShengN NENT Landfill
SENT Landfill
WENT Landfill
RTSs
Landfills
Special Waste Facilities
Ta Kwu Ling打鼓嶺
Nim Wan稔灣
Tseung Kwan O將軍澳
3 Strategic Landfills
Source : EPD
日本JAPAN
15%
80%
5%
瑞典SWEDEN
35%
35%
30%
丹麥DENMARK
10%
38%
52%
香港HONG KONG
40%
0%
60%瑞士SWITZERLAND
40%
42%
18%美國USA
26%
66% 8%
新加坡SINGAPORE
3%
50%
47%
荷蘭NETHERLANDS
33%
22% 45%
韓國KOREA
32%
17%
51%
德國GERMANY
51%
27%
22%法國
FRANCE
33%
46%
21%
海外國家的都市固體廢物管理Municipal Solid Waste Management in Other Countries
香港
回收 /堆肥RECYCLING/COMPOSTING
焚化INCINERATION
堆填LANDFILL
Problems of Traditional Thermal Treatment
Technologies
• Flue gas emission
• Ash residues are toxic (heavy metals and dioxin)
• Residues still account for 10-15% of waste input volume
• Construction cost and processing cost are higher than landfill
Advances in Thermal Waste Treatment Technologies
Conventional Incineration Dioxin problem
Exhaust gas and ash
New Technologies Clean flue gasDecompose dioxin
Containment of heavy metals in vitrified slag
Reality for Hong Kong
Hong Kong cannot afford to build new landfills to
manage our solid waste
Examples in Tokyo Examples in Tokyo and Singapore show and Singapore show a small landfill can a small landfill can meet the disposal meet the disposal requirements of requirements of thermally treated thermally treated residuals of MSWresiduals of MSW
Major Issues
1. What is the maximum waste recycling rate ?
2. What is the minimum waste quantity requiring disposal ?
3. Zero waste or zero landfill ?4. Landfill or thermal treatment for non
recyclables ?
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HK1. Improve infrastructure to facilitate source separation
and recycling of domestic waste
2. Implement product responsibility schemes to reduce waste ASAP
3. Appropriate economic instruments and charges to encourage waste reduction/recycling ASAP
3. Develop a more stable and healthy local waste recycling industry (Eco-park and long term policy)
4. Adopt appropriate waste treatment methods (vol. reduction) –Decision is needed ASAP
