orejas de izaje1
TRANSCRIPT
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Equipo:
5,000 Carga (Kg)
3.6 Nd (2-2.1 o 2-2.2)
4 Numero de orejas
A36 Material (A36 o A572)
55 Dh [mm] Diametro de agujero
50 be [mm] Ancho de oreja
20 t [mm] Espesor de oreja
77 R [mm] Radio exterior
6 Soldadura Filete [in] Altura de pierna
E71T-1 E7018/E71T-1 Material de aporte
Y Y(si) o N(no) Terminacion redondeada
40 Dp [mm] Diametro de grillete
50 a [mm] Altura de oreja
115 H [mm] Material base a eje
Cumple Esfuerzo de Traccion
Cumple Resistencia al corte a travs del agujero
Cumple Esfuerzo cortante en Soldadura
Cumple Garganta de Filete mnima 3-3.4.3
Nd factor de Diseo (para. 3-1.3)
2.00 para los estados lmite de fluencia o pandeo,
2.40 para los estados lmite de fractura y para el diseo de conexin.
3.00 para los estados lmite de fluencia o pandeo,
3.60 para los estados lmite de fractura y para el diseo de conexin. Elaborado por: Luis Enrique Aguilar Montoya
Inspector QA/QC FLSmidth
Memoria de Calculo de Oreja de Izaje: segn ASME BTH-1
Categora de Diseo A: cuando la magnitud y la variacin de las cargas aplicadas son predecibles, donde la carga y condiciones ambientales se definen con precisin o no grave.2-2.1
Categora de Diseo B: cuando la magnitud y la variacin de las cargas aplicadas no son predecibles, las condiciones de carga y del medio ambiente son graves, o no se define con
precisin.2-2.2
Atril de Armado de contraejes Fuller
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1 Oreja con conexin para grillete: ASME BTH-1
2 Descripcion: Atril de Armado de contraejes Fuller
3 11,023 W [lb] Peso de la carga
4 3.6 Nd Design factor
5 Material:
6 A36 Material Material A36 A572 A516 E7018/E71T-1
7 36,000 Fy [psi] Limite elastico Fy [psi] 36,000 50,000 16,000 58,000
8 58,000 Fu [psi] Resistencia a la traccion Fu [psi] 58,000 65,000 30,000 70,000
9 29,000,000 E [psi] Modulo de Elesticidad E [psi] 29,000,000 29,000,000 9,800,000
10 Dimensiones:
11 2.17 Dh [in] Diametro de agujero12 6.10 w [in] Ancho de oreja
13 0.79 t [in] Espesor de oreja
14 3.03 R [in] Radio Exterior de oreja
15 0.24 Leg [in] Altura de filete de soldadura
16 Esfuerzo de Traccion:
17 Ft [psi] = Fy/Nd Esfuerzo de traccion admisible (eq 3-1) psi 10,000
18 A [in^2] = t*(w-Dh) Area en tension in^2 3.10
19 St [psi] = W/A Esfuerzo de traccion psi 3,556
20 CheckSt = St < Ft Cumple
21 Resistencia al Corte a travez del agujero:
22 Av [in 2] = 2*(R-(Dh/2)*cos(radians(45)))*t
23 Area total de dos planos de corte (eq 3-50) in^2 3.568
24 Pv [lb] = 0.7*Fu/(1.2*Nd)*Av Doble plano de resistencia al corte (eq 3-49)
25 lb 33,53626 CheckPv = W < Pv Cumple
27 Esfuerzo Cortante en la Soldadura:
28 Exx [psi] = Fu si Fu
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Lifting Lug Design Per ASME BTH-1-2005
References:
1. ASME. (2006). "Design of below-the-hook lifting devices, BTH-1-2005", New York.
2. Duerr, D. (2008). ASME BTH-1 Pinned Connection Design Provisions. Practice Periodical on Struct
3. Duerr, D. (2006). Pinned connection strength and behavior. J. Struct. Eng., 132(2), 182-194.
Input:
Nd = 3.00 For most liftin
t = 0.25 inches Lug Plate Thickness
a = 2 inches
Dp = 1.5 inches
be = 3 inches
Dh = 2 inches
Curved Edge? Y Y or N Material For most lugs
Fy = 36 ksi Material Yield Stress Fy = 36 ksi for
Fu = 58 ksi Material Ultimate Stress Fu = 58 ksi for
Output:
beff1 = 1.00 inches ASME Equatio
beff2 = 2.37 inches ASME Equatio
beff = 1.00 inches
r = 3 inches
R = 3 inches
Z' = 0.08 inches ASME EquatioAv = 1.10 sq. inches ASME Equatio
Pt = 8.06 kips ASME Equatio
Pb = 13.55 kips ASME Equatio
Pv = 12.45 kips ASME Equatio
Pp = 5.63 kips ASME Equatio
Pin Diameter Effect: Note: ASME
It does not tel
Dh/Dp = 1.33
Check All? Y Y or N. Check even when Dh/Dp
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Pb = 11.08 kips
Pv = 12.10 kips
Pp = 5.63 kips If the connecti
Max. P = 5.63 kips
Dimensional Rules of Thumb:
Edge Distance = a+Dh/2
Grip = Length of shackle pin available for bearing against lug.
= Clear distance between shackle legs.
For Dp < 2":
Edge Distance = 1.5 * Dp
Dh = Dp + 1/8"
For Dp >= 2":
Edge Distance = 1.75 * Dp
Dh = Dp + 1/4"
For all Dp, t = Grip/3. Add cheek plates as required to get desired Pp.
Best practice is to add sufficient cheek plates to insure bearing over 80% of the grip.
These are only rules of thumb. Deviation from them is allowed.
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ral Design and Construction, Vol. 13, No. 2, 53-58.
g devices used in construction Nd = 3.00. See Section 3-1.3 of the ASME code for more information.
this is Y, but N is left as an option.
ASTM A36. Fy = 50 ksi for ASTM A572, Grade 50.
ASTM A36. Fu = 65 ksi for ASTM A572, Grade 50.
n (3-46).
n (3-47).
n (C3-2).n (3-50) modified per Commentary.
n (3-45).
n (3-48).
n (3-49).
n (3-51)*Dp*t. If the connection is subject to rotating cyclic loading, this value shall be divided by 2!.
TH-1-2005 requires Dh/Dp
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on is subject to rotating cyclic loading, this value shall be divided by 2!.
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In certain circumstances a value of 2.00 can be justified.
rance shall be taken into account".
ble to the user.
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1 Lug with Pinned Connection: ASME BTH-1
2 Top Lug Description
3 65,000 W [lb] Weight of the load
4 3 Nd Design factor
5 Material:
6 SA-36 Material7 36,000 Fy [psi] Yield strength
8 58,000 Fu [psi] Tensile strength
9 29,000,000 E [psi] Modulus of elasticity
10 Dimensions:
11 3 Dh [in] Hole diameter
12 10 w [in] Width of lug
13 1 t [in] Thickness of lug
14 5 R [in] Outer radius
15 0.625 Leg [in] Weld leg height
16 Tensile Stress:
17 Ft [psi] = Fy/Nd Allowable tensile stress (eq 3-1)18 A [in^2] = t*(w-Dh) Area in tension
19 St [psi] = W/A Tensile stress
20 CheckSt = St < Ft
21 Shear Strength Through Pinhole:
22 Av [in^2] = 2*(R-(Dh/2)*cos(radians(45)))*t
23 Total area of two shear planes (eq 3-50)
24 Pv [lb] = 0.7*Fu/(1.2*Nd)*Av Double plane shear strength (eq 3-49)
25
26 CheckPv = W < Pv
27 Shear Stress in Weld:28 Exx [psi] = Fu Tensile strength of weld filler metal
29 Fv [psi] = 0.6*Exx/(1.2*Nd) Allowable weld shear stress (eq 3-53)
30 Aw [in^2] = (2*w+2*t) * (0.707*Leg) Area of the weld
31 Fw [lb] = Fv*Aw Allowable weld load
32 CheckFw = W < Fw
33 Minimum Weld Throat: 3-3.4.3
34 throat_3-3 [in] = IF(K14
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36000/3 = 12,0001*(10-3) = 7
65000/7 = 9,286
9286 < 12000 = Acceptable
2*(5-(3/2)*COS(RADIANS(45)))*1 = 7.879
0.7*58000/(1.2*3)*7.879 = 88,854
65000 < 88854 = Acceptable
58000 = 58,000
0.6*58000/(1.2*3) = 9,667
(2*10+2*1) * (0.707*0.625) = 9.721
9667*9.721 = 93,972
65000 < 93972 = Acceptable
.25,0.125,IF(K14
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Diseo Oreja de Izaje segun ASME BTH-1-2005
Entrada:
Nd = 3.00 Factor de Diseo
t = 10 mm Espesor de la oreja de izajea = 50 mm
Dp = 40 mm
be = 75 mm
Dh = 50 mm
Curved Edge? Y Y or N Material
Fy = 36 ksi Material Yield Stress
Fu = 58 ksi Material Ultimate Stress
Max. P = 4218.42 Kg
IF(B8="Y",B17-SQRT(B17^2-B7^2/8),IF(B8 = "N", 0,"Error!"))
Input:
Nd = 3.00 For most liftin
t = 0.39 inches Lug Plate Thickness
a = 1.97 inches
Dp = 1.57 inches
be = 2.95 inches
Dh = 1.97 inches
Curved Edge? Y Y or N Material For most lugs
Fy = 36 ksi Material Yield Stress Fy = 36 ksi for
Fu = 58 ksi Material Ultimate Stress Fu = 58 ksi for
Output:
beff1 = 1.57 inches ASME Equatio
beff2 = 2.33 inches ASME Equatio
beff = 1.57 inches
r = 2.95275591 inches
R = 2.95275591 inches
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Z' = 0.08 inches ASME Equatio
Av = 1.71 sq. inches ASME Equatio
Pt = 19.98 kips ASME Equatio
Pb = 21.00 kips ASME Equatio
Pv = 19.30 kips ASME Equatio
Pp = 9.30 kips ASME Equatio
Pin Diameter Effect: Note: ASME
It does not tel
Dh/Dp = 1.25
Check All? Y Y or N. Check even when Dh/Dp
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g devices used in construction Nd = 3.00. See Section 3-1.3 of the ASME code for more information.
this is Y, but N is left as an option.
ASTM A36. Fy = 50 ksi for ASTM A572, Grade 50.
ASTM A36. Fu = 65 ksi for ASTM A572, Grade 50.
n (3-46).
n (3-47).
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n (C3-2).
n (3-50) modified per Commentary.
n (3-45).
n (3-48).
n (3-49).
n (3-51)*Dp*t. If the connection is subject to rotating cyclic loading, this value shall be divided by 2!.
TH-1-2005 requires Dh/Dp
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In certain circumstances a value of 2.00 can be justified.
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rance shall be taken into account".
ble to the user.
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1 Lug with Pinned Connection: ASME BTH-1
2 Top Lug Description
3 20,000 W [lb] Weight of the load
4 3 Nd Design factor
5 Material:
6 SA-36 Material7 36,000 Fy [psi] Yield strength
8 58,000 Fu [psi] Tensile strength
9 29,000,000 E [psi] Modulus of elasticity
10 Dimensions:
11 3 Dh [in] Hole diameter
12 10 w [in] Width of lug
13 0.5 t [in] Thickness of lug
14 5 R [in] Outer radius
15 0.5 Leg [in] Weld leg height
16 Tensile Stress:
17 Ft [psi] = Fy/Nd Allowable tensile stress (eq 3-1)
18 A [in^2] = t*(w-Dh) Area in tension
19 St [psi] = W/A Tensile stress
20 CheckSt = St < Ft
21 Shear Strength Through Pinhole:
22 Av [in^2] = 2*(R-(Dh/2)*cos(radians(45)))*t
23 Total area of two shear planes (eq 3-50)
24 Pv [lb] = 0.7*Fu/(1.2*Nd)*Av Double plane shear strength (eq 3-49)
25
26 CheckPv = W < Pv
27 Shear Stress in Weld:28 Exx [psi] = Fu Tensile strength of weld filler metal
29 Fv [psi] = 0.6*Exx/(1.2*Nd) Allowable weld shear stress (eq 3-53)
30 Aw [in^2] = (2*w+2*t) * (0.707*Leg) Area of the weld
31 Fw [lb] = Fv*Aw Allowable weld load
32 CheckFw = W < Fw
33 Minimum Weld Throat: 3-3.4.3
34 throat_3-3 [in] = IF(K14
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12,000
3.5
5,714
Cumple
3.939
44,427
Cumple
58,000
9,667
7.424
71,761
Cumple
0.188
Cumple
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Equipo:
5,000 Carga (Kg)
3.6 Nd (2-2.1 o 2-2.2)
4 Numero de orejas
A36 Material (A36 o A572)
55 Dh [mm] Diametro de agujero
50 be [mm] Ancho de oreja
20 t [mm] Espesor de oreja
77 R [mm] Radio exterior
6 Soldadura Filete [in] Altura de pierna
E71T-1 E7018/E71T-1 Material de aporte
Y Y(si) o N(no) Terminacion redondeada
40 Dp [mm] Diametro de grillete
50 a [mm] Altura de oreja
115 H [mm] Material base a eje
Cumple Esfuerzo de Traccion
Cumple Resistencia al corte a travs del agujero
Cumple Esfuerzo cortante en Soldadura
Cumple Garganta de Filete mnima 3-3.4.3
Nd factor de Diseo (para. 3-1.3)
2.00 para los estados lmite de fluencia o pandeo,
2.40 para los estados lmite de fractura y para el diseo de conexin.
3.00 para los estados lmite de fluencia o pandeo,
3.60 para los estados lmite de fractura y para el diseo de conexin. Elaborado por: Luis Enrique Aguilar Montoya
Inspector QA/QC FLSmidth
Memoria de Calculo de Oreja de Izaje: segn ASME BTH-1
Atril de Armado de contraejes Fuller
2-2.1 Categora de Diseo A: cuando la magnitud y la variacin de las cargas aplicadas son predecibles, donde la carga y condiciones ambientales se definen con precisin o no grave.
2-2.2 Categora de Diseo B: cuando la magnitud y la variacin de las cargas aplicadas no son predecibles, las condiciones de carga y del medio ambiente son graves, o no se define conprecisin.
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1 Oreja con conexin para grillete: ASME BTH-1
2 Descripcion: Atril de Armado de contraejes Fuller
3 11,023 W [lb] Peso de la carga
4 3.6 Nd Design factor
5 Material:
6 A36 Material Material A36 A572 A516 E7018/E71T-1
7 36,000 Fy [psi] Limite elastico Fy [psi] 36,000 50,000 16,000 58,000
8 58,000 Fu [psi] Resistencia a la traccion Fu [psi] 58,000 65,000 30,000 70,000
9 29,000,000 E [psi] Modulo de Elesticidad E [psi] 29,000,000 29,000,000 9,800,000
10 Dimensiones:
11 2.17 Dh [in] Diametro de agujero12 6.10 w [in] Ancho de oreja
13 0.79 t [in] Espesor de oreja
14 3.03 R [in] Radio Exterior de oreja
15 0.24 Leg [in] Altura de filete de soldadura
16 Esfuerzo de Traccion:
17 Ft [psi] = Fy/Nd Esfuerzo de traccion admisible (eq 3-1) psi 10,000
18 A [in^2] = t*(w-Dh) Area en tension in^2 3.10
19 St [psi] = W/A Esfuerzo de traccion psi 3,556
20 CheckSt = St < Ft Cumple
21 Resistencia al Corte a travez del agujero:
22 Av [in 2] = 2*(R-(Dh/2)*cos(radians(45)))*t
23 Area total de dos planos de corte (eq 3-50) in^2 3.568
24 Pv [lb] = 0.7*Fu/(1.2*Nd)*Av Doble plano de resistencia al corte (eq 3-49)
25 lb 33,53626 CheckPv = W < Pv Cumple
27 Esfuerzo Cortante en la Soldadura:
28 Exx [psi] = Fu si Fu
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Equipo:
5,000 Carga (Kg)
3.6 Nd (2-2.1 o 2-2.2)
4 Numero de orejas
A36 Material (A36 o A572)
55 Dh [mm] Diametro de agujero
50 be [mm] Ancho de oreja
20 t [mm] Espesor de oreja
77 R [mm] Radio exterior
6 Soldadura Filete [in] Altura de pierna
E71T-1 E7018/E71T-1 Material de aporte
Y Y(si) o N(no) Terminacion redondeada
40 Dp [mm] Diametro de grillete
50 a [mm] Altura de oreja
115 H [mm] Material base a eje
Cumple Esfuerzo de Traccion
Cumple Resistencia al corte a travs del agujero
Cumple Esfuerzo cortante en Soldadura
Cumple Garganta de Filete mnima 3-3.4.3
Nd factor de Diseo (para. 3-1.3)
2.00 para los estados lmite de fluencia o pandeo,
2.40 para los estados lmite de fractura y para el diseo de conexin.
3.00 para los estados lmite de fluencia o pandeo,
3.60 para los estados lmite de fractura y para el diseo de conexin. Elaborado por: Luis Enrique Aguilar Montoya
Inspector QA/QC FLSmidth
Memoria de Calculo de Oreja de Izaje: segn ASME BTH-1
Atril de Armado de contraejes Fuller
2-2.1 Categora de Diseo A: cuando la magnitud y la variacin de las cargas aplicadas son predecibles, donde la carga y condiciones ambientales se definen con precisin o no grave.
2-2.2 Categora de Diseo B: cuando la magnitud y la variacin de las cargas aplicadas no son predecibles, las condiciones de carga y del medio ambiente son graves, o no se define conprecisin.
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1 Oreja con conexin para grillete: ASME BTH-1
2 Descripcion: Atril de Armado de contraejes Fuller
3 11,023 W [lb] Peso de la carga
4 3.6 Nd Design factor
5 Material:
6 A36 Material Material A36 A572 A516 E7018/E71T-1
7 36,000 Fy [psi] Limite elastico Fy [psi] 36,000 50,000 16,000 58,000
8 58,000 Fu [psi] Resistencia a la traccion Fu [psi] 58,000 65,000 30,000 70,000
9 29,000,000 E [psi] Modulo de Elesticidad E [psi] 29,000,000 29,000,000 9,800,000
10 Dimensiones:
11 2.17 Dh [in] Diametro de agujero12 6.10 w [in] Ancho de oreja
13 0.79 t [in] Espesor de oreja
14 3.03 R [in] Radio Exterior de oreja
15 0.24 Leg [in] Altura de filete de soldadura
16 Esfuerzo de Traccion:
17 Ft [psi] = Fy/Nd Esfuerzo de traccion admisible (eq 3-1) psi 10,000
18 A [in^2] = t*(w-Dh) Area en tension in^2 3.10
19 St [psi] = W/A Esfuerzo de traccion psi 3,556
20 CheckSt = St < Ft Cumple
21 Resistencia al Corte a travez del agujero:
22 Av [in 2] = 2*(R-(Dh/2)*cos(radians(45)))*t
23 Area total de dos planos de corte (eq 3-50) in^2 3.568
24 Pv [lb] = 0.7*Fu/(1.2*Nd)*Av Doble plano de resistencia al corte (eq 3-49)
25 lb 33,53626 CheckPv = W < Pv Cumple
27 Esfuerzo Cortante en la Soldadura:
28 Exx [psi] = Fu si Fu
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1Lif t ing Lug Lo ad Capacity Vs Crack length Calculat ionSample Calculation
Thickness of Lug (t) = 20 mm
Width of Lug (W) = 200 mm
Radius of Circular Section (R) = 100 mm
Diameter of Hole ( D h) = 60 mmDiameter of Pin ( Dp) = 57 mm
Distance from centre of hole to Welding (h)= 100 mm
Area of Cross Section = 20 x 200 = 4000
Length of Crack ( a ) = 4.5 mm
Distance from centre of hole to edge of crack = (D h / 2 + a) =
Temperature (T) = 15 oC
Fracture Toughness ( k1c) = (60 + 0.2 T) Mpa. Sqrt(
For -140 < T < 150
K1c = 63
oC
Check For Geometry
We =R- D h/2 = 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
We =R- D h/2 = 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
We =R- D h/2 = 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
By Yeild Theory
Yeild Strength of Plate = 345 MPa
Effective width of plate = 200 - 60- 2 x4.5 = 131
Tensile Load capacity = 0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =
By Fracture Theory
K1c = Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Fd = 0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)]
Where, d = a / (D h/ 2 + a)
d = 4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5) = 0.13
Fd = 0.5 x (3 -0.13) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 -0.13)^3 ]
= 2.61
s = Load (P) = P / 4000 = 0.0003
Area
K1c = Fd . s . Sqrt( p . a)
63 = 2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)
Load ( P) = 812kN
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Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T) o C
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 30 66 0.032 3.157 1492
1.5 31.5 30 66 0.048 3.059 1257
2 32 30 66 0.063 2.97 1121
2.5 32.5 30 66 0.077 2.89 1031
3 33 30 66 0.091 2.812 967
3.5 33.5 30 66 0.104 2.743 918
4 34 30 66 0.118 2.67 882
5 35 30 66 0.143 2.546 827
5.8 35.8 30 66 0.162 2.457 796
7 37 30 66 0.189 2.337 7628 38 30 66 0.211 2.246 741
9 39 30 66 0.231 2.167 725
10 40 30 66 0.25 2.096 711
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm)(D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 15 63 0.032 3.157 1424
1.5 31.5 15 63 0.048 3.059 1200
2 32 15 63 0.063 2.97 1070
2.5 32.5 15 63 0.077 2.89 984
3 33 15 63 0.091 2.812 923
3.5 33.5 15 63 0.104 2.743 876
4 34 15 63 0.118 2.67 842
4.5 34.5 15 63 0.13 2.61 812
6 36 15 63 0.167 2.434 754
7 37 15 63 0.189 2.337 727
8 38 15 63 0.211 2.246 708
9 39 15 63 0.231 2.167 692
10 40 15 63 0.25 2.096 678
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Fracture
Fracture
Fracture
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Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 0 60 0.032 3.157 1356
1.5 31.5 0 60 0.048 3.059 1143
2 32 0 60 0.063 2.97 1019
2.5 32.5 0 60 0.077 2.89 937
3 33 0 60 0.091 2.812 879
3.5 33.5 0 60 0.104 2.743 834
3.7 33.7 0 60 0.11 2.711 821
5 35 0 60 0.143 2.546 752
6 36 0 60 0.167 2.434 718
7 37 0 60 0.189 2.337 693
8 38 0 60 0.211 2.246 674
9 39 0 60 0.231 2.167 659
10 40 0 60 0.25 2.096 646
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 -15 57 0.032 3.157 1289
1.5 31.5 -15 57 0.048 3.059 1086
2 32 -15 57 0.063 2.97 968
2.5 32.5 -15 57 0.077 2.89 890
3 33 -15 57 0.091 2.812 835
3.1 33.1 -15 57 0.094 2.796 826
4 34 -15 57 0.118 2.67 762
5 35 -15 57 0.143 2.546 715
6 36 -15 57 0.167 2.434 682
7 37 -15 57 0.189 2.337 658
8 38 -15 57 0.211 2.246 640
9 39 -15 57 0.231 2.167 626
10 40 -15 57 0.25 2.096 614
Temp = -30 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
Fracture
Fracture
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1 31 -30 54 0.032 3.157 1221
1.5 31.5 -30 54 0.048 3.059 1029
2 32 -30 54 0.063 2.97 918
2.5 32.5 -30 54 0.077 2.89 843
2.6 32.6 -30 54 0.08 2.873 832
3.5 33.5 -30 54 0.104 2.743 751
4 34 -30 54 0.118 2.67 7225 35 -30 54 0.143 2.546 677
6 36 -30 54 0.167 2.434 646
7 37 -30 54 0.189 2.337 623
8 38 -30 54 0.211 2.246 607
9 39 -30 54 0.231 2.167 593
10 40 -30 54 0.25 2.096 581
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 -45 51 0.032 3.157 1153
1.5 31.5 -45 51 0.048 3.059 971
2 32 -45 51 0.063 2.97 867
2.15 32.15 -45 51 0.067 2.947 842
3 33 -45 51 0.091 2.812 747
3.5 33.5 -45 51 0.104 2.743 709
4 34 -45 51 0.118 2.67 6825 35 -45 51 0.143 2.546 639
6 36 -45 51 0.167 2.434 610
7 37 -45 51 0.189 2.337 589
8 38 -45 51 0.211 2.246 573
9 39 -45 51 0.231 2.167 560
10 40 -45 51 0.25 2.096 549
Fracture
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Kawish Shaikh P.Eng. UofC
> Dh/4 ; Hence OK
> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK
mm2
Both side of Hole
35 mm
) (60 for Steel WT Caterary 4)
> Dh/2 ; Hence OK
< 5t ; Hence OK
> 2t ; Hence OK
mm
814kN
P
Crack Lenth (a) Vs Tensile Load (P)
LOAD (P)
100
mm
200mm
100
mm
60 mmDia. hole
Crack Length(a)
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Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
601 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
510 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
458 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
424 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
401 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
383 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
371 132 820 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
354 130 807 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
344 128.4 797 345 Net Section will Fracture
336 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture332 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
330 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
329 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
573 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
487 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
437 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
405 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
383 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
366 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
354 132 820 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
344 131 814 345 Net Section will Fracture
327 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
321 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
317 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
315 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
314 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Theory
Theory
Theory
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Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
546 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
463 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
416 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
386 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
364 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
349 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
344 132.6 823 345 Net Section will Fracture
321 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
312 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
305 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
302 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
300 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
299 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
519 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
440 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
396 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
366 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
346 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
343 133.8 831 345 Net Section will Fracture
321 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
305 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
296 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
290 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
287 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
285 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
284 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
Theory
Theory
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491 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
417 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
375 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
347 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
343 134.8 837 345 Net Section will Fracture
314 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
304 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture289 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
281 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
275 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
272 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
270 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
269 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
464 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
394 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
354 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
345 135.7 843 345 Net Section will Fracture
310 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
296 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
287 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture273 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
265 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
260 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
257 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
255 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
254 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Theory
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN)
Load (P) (kN)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (k
Load (P) (k
-
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (k
Load (P) (k
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (k
Load (P) (k
1400
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
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- Fracture Theory
-Yeild Theory
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0 2 4 6 8 10
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (k
) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
-
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) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
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) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
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12
N)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
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1Lif t ing Lug Lo ad Capacity Vs Crack length Calculat ionSample Calculation
Thickness of Lug (t) = 20 mm
Width of Lug (W) = 200 mm
Radius of Circular Section (R) = 100 mm
Diameter of Hole ( D h) = 60 mmDiameter of Pin ( Dp) = 57 mm
Distance from centre of hole to Welding (h)= 100 mm
Area of Cross Section = 20 x 200 = 4000
Length of Crack ( a ) = 4.5 mm
Distance from centre of hole to edge of crack = (D h / 2 + a) =
Temperature (T) = 15 oC
Fracture Toughness ( k1c) = (40 + 0.2 T) Mpa. Sqrt(
For -140 < T < 150
K1c = 43
oC
Check For Geometry
We =R- D h/2 = 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
We =R- D h/2 = 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
We =R- D h/2 = 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
By Yeild Theory
Yeild Strength of Plate = 345 MPa
Effective width of plate = 200 - 60- 2 x4.5 = 131
Tensile Load capacity = 0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =
By Fracture Theory
K1c = Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Fd = 0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)]
Where, d = a / (D h/ 2 + a)
d = 4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5) = 0.13
Fd = 0.5 x (3 -0.13) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 -0.13)^3 ]
= 2.61
s = Load (P) = P / 4000 = 0.0003
Area
K1c = Fd . s . Sqrt( p . a)
43 = 2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)
Load ( P) = 554kN
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Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T) o C
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 30 46 0.032 3.157 1040
1.5 31.5 30 46 0.048 3.059 876
2 32 30 46 0.063 2.97 782
2.5 32.5 30 46 0.077 2.89 718
3 33 30 46 0.091 2.812 674
3.5 33.5 30 46 0.104 2.743 640
4 34 30 46 0.118 2.67 615
5 35 30 46 0.143 2.546 577
5.8 35.8 30 46 0.162 2.457 555
7 37 30 46 0.189 2.337 5318 38 30 46 0.211 2.246 517
9 39 30 46 0.231 2.167 505
10 40 30 46 0.25 2.096 495
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm)(D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 15 43 0.032 3.157 972
1.5 31.5 15 43 0.048 3.059 819
2 32 15 43 0.063 2.97 731
2.5 32.5 15 43 0.077 2.89 672
3 33 15 43 0.091 2.812 630
3.5 33.5 15 43 0.104 2.743 598
4 34 15 43 0.118 2.67 575
4.5 34.5 15 43 0.13 2.61 554
6 36 15 43 0.167 2.434 515
7 37 15 43 0.189 2.337 496
8 38 15 43 0.211 2.246 483
9 39 15 43 0.231 2.167 472
10 40 15 43 0.25 2.096 463
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Fracture
Fracture
Fracture
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Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 0 40 0.032 3.157 904
1.5 31.5 0 40 0.048 3.059 762
2 32 0 40 0.063 2.97 680
2.5 32.5 0 40 0.077 2.89 625
3 33 0 40 0.091 2.812 586
3.5 33.5 0 40 0.104 2.743 556
3.7 33.7 0 40 0.11 2.711 547
5 35 0 40 0.143 2.546 501
6 36 0 40 0.167 2.434 479
7 37 0 40 0.189 2.337 462
8 38 0 40 0.211 2.246 449
9 39 0 40 0.231 2.167 439
10 40 0 40 0.25 2.096 431
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 -15 37 0.032 3.157 836
1.5 31.5 -15 37 0.048 3.059 705
2 32 -15 37 0.063 2.97 629
2.5 32.5 -15 37 0.077 2.89 578
3 33 -15 37 0.091 2.812 542
3.1 33.1 -15 37 0.094 2.796 536
4 34 -15 37 0.118 2.67 494
5 35 -15 37 0.143 2.546 464
6 36 -15 37 0.167 2.434 443
7 37 -15 37 0.189 2.337 427
8 38 -15 37 0.211 2.246 416
9 39 -15 37 0.231 2.167 406
10 40 -15 37 0.25 2.096 398
Temp = -30 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
Fracture
Fracture
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1 31 -30 34 0.032 3.157 769
1.5 31.5 -30 34 0.048 3.059 648
2 32 -30 34 0.063 2.97 578
2.5 32.5 -30 34 0.077 2.89 531
2.6 32.6 -30 34 0.08 2.873 524
3.5 33.5 -30 34 0.104 2.743 473
4 34 -30 34 0.118 2.67 4545 35 -30 34 0.143 2.546 426
6 36 -30 34 0.167 2.434 407
7 37 -30 34 0.189 2.337 392
8 38 -30 34 0.211 2.246 382
9 39 -30 34 0.231 2.167 373
10 40 -30 34 0.25 2.096 366
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Length of
Crack ( a )
(mm) (D h / 2 + a)
Temperatu
re (T)oC
Fracture
Toughness (
k1c) d = a / (D h/ 2 + a) Fd
Load (P)
(kN) -
Fracture
Theory
1 31 -45 31 0.032 3.157 701
1.5 31.5 -45 31 0.048 3.059 591
2 32 -45 31 0.063 2.97 527
2.15 32.15 -45 31 0.067 2.947 512
3 33 -45 31 0.091 2.812 454
3.5 33.5 -45 31 0.104 2.743 431
4 34 -45 31 0.118 2.67 4145 35 -45 31 0.143 2.546 389
6 36 -45 31 0.167 2.434 371
7 37 -45 31 0.189 2.337 358
8 38 -45 31 0.211 2.246 348
9 39 -45 31 0.231 2.167 340
10 40 -45 31 0.25 2.096 334
Fracture
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Kawish Shaikh P.Eng. UofC
> Dh/4 ; Hence OK
> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK
mm2
Both side of Hole
35 mm
) (40 for Steel W 350)
> Dh/2 ; Hence OK
< 5t ; Hence OK
> 2t ; Hence OK
mm
814kN
P
Crack Lenth (a) Vs Tensile Load (P)
LOAD (P)
100
mm
200mm
100
mm
60 mmDia. hole
Crack Length(a)
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Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
419 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
355 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
319 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
296 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
279 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
267 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
259 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
246 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
240 128.4 797 345 Net Section will Fracture
234 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture232 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
230 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
229 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
391 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
332 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
298 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
276 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
261 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
250 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
242 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
235 131 814 345 Net Section will Fracture
223 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
219 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
216 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
215 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
214 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Theory
Theory
Theory
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Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
364 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
309 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
278 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
257 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
243 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
232 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
229 132.6 823 345 Net Section will Fracture
214 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
208 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
204 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
201 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
200 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
199 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
337 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture
286 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
257 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
238 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
225 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
223 133.8 831 345 Net Section will Fracture
208 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
198 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
192 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
188 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
186 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
185 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
184 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
Theory
Theory
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309 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture
263 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
236 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
219 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
216 134.8 837 345 Net Section will Fracture
198 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
191 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture182 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
177 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
173 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
171 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
170 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
169 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild
Theory
Stress in
the Net
Section
Effective
width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P)
(kN) - Yeild
Theory
Yeild Stress
(s)
282 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture
239 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
215 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
210 135.7 843 345 Net Section will Fracture
188 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
180 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
174 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture166 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
161 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
158 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
156 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
155 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
155 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Theory
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN)
Load (P) (kN)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (k
Load (P) (k
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (k
Load (P) (k
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (k
Load (P) (k
800
900
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
-
7/27/2019 Orejas de Izaje1
63/69
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Load (P) (k
Load (P) (k
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 5 10 15
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC
Load (P) (k
Load (P) (k
-
7/27/2019 Orejas de Izaje1
64/69
-
7/27/2019 Orejas de Izaje1
65/69
- Fracture Theory
-Yeild Theory
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
0 2 4 6 8 10
Load
(kN)
a (mm)
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (k
) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
-
7/27/2019 Orejas de Izaje1
66/69
) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
-
7/27/2019 Orejas de Izaje1
67/69
) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
) - Fracture Theory
) -Yeild Theory
-
7/27/2019 Orejas de Izaje1
68/69
-
7/27/2019 Orejas de Izaje1
69/69
N)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius