orthographic p12
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3Orthographic
Projection
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OBJECT REPRESENTATION
Axonometric projection
Multiie! projection
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M"#TI$IE% PROJECTION
Three principle &imen'ion'o( an o)ject *
Width Depth
Height
Width
H e i g h t
Depth
D e p t h
* can )e pre'ente& onl+t!o in each ie!,
A&jacent ie!-'.
i' nee&e& to(ul(ill the 'i/e
&e'cription,
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0, Reole the o)ject !ith re'pect
to o)'erer ,
TO OBTAIN M"#TI$IE%
REPRESENTATION O1 AN OBJECT
2, The o)'erer moe aroun& the
o)ject,
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RE$O#$E TE OBJECT
1rontie!
Right 'i&e ie!
Top ie!
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Orthographic
Projectiono( O)ject 1eature'
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OBJECT 1EAT"RES
E&ge' are lines that represent the boundary
between two faces.
Corner' Represent the intersection of two or
more edges.E&ge
Corner
E&ge No e&ge
No corner No corner
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Sur(ace' are areas that are bounded by edges
or limiting element.
#imiting
element
is a line that represents the last visible
part of the curve surface.Sur(ace Sur(ace Sur(ace
#imit #imit
OBJECT 1EAT"RES
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A
B
PROJECTION O1 POINT-S.
AFBR
AT
BF AR
BT
AF AR
AT
BF BR
BT
E4ual
&i'tance
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A
B
AF BF BR AR
AT
BT
BR
AR AF BF
AT
BT
True length
NORMA# #INE
True lengthPoint
E4ual
length
PROJECTION O1 #INE
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AB
AF BF BR AR
AT
BT
INC#INE5 #INE1ore'hortene&
BR
AR
AFBF
1ore'hortene&
AT
BT
True length
A
E4ual
length
PROJECTION O1 #INE
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AB
AF
BF BR
AR
AT
BT
OB#I6"E5 #INE
A
E4ual
length
B
1ore'hortene&1ore'hortene&
1ore'hortene&
BR
AR
AF
BF
AT
BT
PROJECTION O1 #INE
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B
A
PROJECTION O1 P#ANE
BF AF!F R AR!BR
AT
T
NORMA# P#ANE
E4ual
length
E&geE&ge
True 'i/e
R
AR!BR AF!F
BF
AT
BT
T
BT
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B
BF AF
R
AR!BR
AT
T
INC#INE5 P#ANE
A
E4ual
lengthBT
F
E&ge
R
AR!BR
1ore'hortene&
BT
T
AT
AF
F
1ore'hortene&
BF
PROJECTION O1 P#ANE
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B
BF
AF
R
AR
AT
T
OB#I6"E5 P#ANE
A
E4ual
lengthBT
F
B
BR
1ore'hortene&
R
AR
BR
AF
BF F
1ore'hortene&
AT
BT
T
1ore'hortene&
PROJECTION O1 P#ANE
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PROJECTION O1 OBJECT
The views are obtained by pro"ecting all ob"ect
features to the picture plane.
7ou hae to project the remaining 'ur(ace' !hich are
ini'i)le too 8
7ou hae to project the remaining 'ur(ace' !hich are
ini'i)le too 8
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'
'
'
PROJECTION O1 OBJECT
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PROJECTION O1 OBJECT
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#ine Conention
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#INE CON$ENTION
#recedence of coincide lines.
Hidden line drawing.
enter line drawing.
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PRECE5ENCE O1 #INE
$i'i)leline$i'i)lelineOr&er o( importance i&&enlinei&&enline Center lineCenter line
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I55EN #INE PRACTICE
Hidden line should "oin a visible line! except it
e$tended from the visible line.
Correct
No 8
%oin
&eave
space
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Correct No 8
Hidden line should "oin a visible line! except it
e$tended from the visible line.
&eave
space&eave
space
I55EN #INE PRACTICE
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Hidden line should intersect to form # and T
corners.
Correct
No 8
# T
I55EN #INE PRACTICE
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Hidden arcs should start on a center line.
I55EN #INE PRACTICE
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CENTER #INE PRACTICE'n circular view! short dash should cross at the
intersections of center line.
For small hole! center line is presented as thin
continuous line.
enter line should not e$tend between views.
#eae 'pace #eae 'pace
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&eave the gap when centerline forms a
continuation with a visible or hidden line
#eae
'pace#eae
'pace#eae
'pace
#eae
'pace
enter line should always start and end with
long dash.
CENTER #INE PRACTICE