ou vulq/akku bz&if=dk · eq>s ;g tkudj vfr izluurk gks jgh gs fd ^ou vuqla/kku bz&if=dk^...

$: ou vulq/akku bZ&if=dk · eq>s ;g tkudj vfr izlUurk gks jgh gS fd ^ou vuqla/kku bZ&if=dk^ ds vad&02 dk izdk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g if=dk Hkkjrh; okfudh vuqla/kku ,oa f'k{kk ifj"kn ds$
ou vuqlaèkku laLFkkuMkd?kj& U;w Q‚jsLV] nsgjknwu & 248006 ¼mÙkjk[kaM½] Hkkjr

ou vulq /a kku

tqykbZ&fnlacj] 2019 02

bZ&if=dkbZ&if=dk

laj{kdv#.k flag jkor

funs d'kou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu

mi&laj{kduhfyek 'kkg

dqylfpoou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu

laiknd eaMy

eq[; laikndM‚- ekS- ;wlqQ oSKkfud&th

çeq[k] ou laj{k.k çHkkxou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu

laiknd ,oa leUo;d Jh jkechj Çlg

oSKkfud&Mh foLrkj çHkkx

ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu

lgk;d laiknd Jh 'kadj 'kekZ

lgk;d funs’kd ¼jk-Hkk-½Çgnh vuqHkkx


jpuk ,oa vfHkU;klveksy jkÅr

rduhdh; vkVhZLV oxhZdj.k ouLifr 'kk[kk


çdk'ku Çgnh vuqHkkx

ou vuqlaèkku laLFkkuMkd?kj& U;w Q‚jsLV] nsgjknwu & 248006 ¼mÙkjk[kaM½] Hkkjr

¼if=dk esa O;Dr rF;] vk¡dM+s vkSj fopkj jpukdkjksa ds vius gSa] lEiknd eaMy dk buls lger gksuk vfuok;Z ugha gSA½

eq>s ;g tkudj vfr izlUurk gks jgh gS fd ^ou vuqla/kku bZ&if=dk^ ds vad&02 dk izdk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g if=dk Hkkjrh; okfudh vuqla/kku ,oa f'k{kk ifj"kn ds laLFkkuksa ,oa dsUnzksa ds oSKkfudksa rFkk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds okfudh vuqla/kkuksa dk laf{kIr ladyu gSA

jktHkk"kk fganh esa izdkf'kr gksus ds dkj.k bldk egRo u dsoy okfudh ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, gS vfirq lkekU; tu Hkh bl ls ykHkkfUor gksaxsA

Hkkjr ds ifjis{k esa vkt okfudh ,oa d`f"k okfudh esa rhozxkeh izxfr dh vko';drk gSA tSlk fd rhoz xfr ls c<+rh tula[;k ,oa i'kq /ku dh la[;k esa gks jgh o`f) ls baZ/ku] dk"B] pkjk] [kk|kUu] Qy] nw/k] lCth bR;kfn dh vkiwfrZ ds fy, ?kksj ladV dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS] ,slh ifjfLFkfr ls fuiVus ds fy, okfudh ,oa fo'ks"k :Ik ls d`f"k okfudh gh mijksDr leL;kvksaa dk lek/kku djus esa l{ke gSA d`"kdksa ds fy, d`f"k okfudh viukuk furkar vko';d gaSA blls jkstxkj ds voljksa esa o`f) gksxh rFkk oSf'od rki o`f) esa deh vk,xh ,oa i;kZoj.k esa fuf'pr :Ik ls lq/kkj gksxkA

bl laLFkku ls izdkf'kr ou vuqla/kku bZ&if=dk^ vkt ds ;qx esaa okfudh 'kks/kksa dks fganh Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls vke turk rd igq¡pkdj mUgsa okfudh {ks= esa :fp c<+kus esa lgk;d fl) gksxhA ;g if=dk vkWuykbu gksus ds dkj.k gesa vk’kk gS fd ns'k ds cgqla[;d fganh Hkk"kh ikBdksa rd bldh c<+ tk,xhAigq¡p

eSa ou vuqla/kku bZ&if=dk^ ls tqM+s lHkh lnL;ksa dks gkfnZd c/kkbZ nsrk gw¡ rFkk if=dk ds mTToy Hkfo"; dh dkeuk djrk gw¡A

funs’kd dh

dye ls ----

v#.k flag jkorfuns'kd

v#.k flag jkorfuns'kdou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu

vR;ar g"kZ dh ckr gS fd ou vuqla/kku bZ&if=dk^ dk izdk'ku fd;k tk jgk gS ftlesa okfudh ls lacaf/kr vuqla/kku dh tkudkfj;k¡ jktHkk"kk fganh ds ek/;e ls izdkf'kr dh tk jgh gaSA

okfudh ls lacaf/kr vuqla/kku xfrfof/k;k¡ Hkkjr ds fganh Hkk"kh yksxksa rd lqxerkiwoZd bl if=dk ds ek/;e ls jgh gaS tks vR;ar igq¡p egRoiw.kZ ckr gSA

fganh ns'k dh jktHkk"kk gS rFkk ns'k ds vf/kdka'k yksxksa }kjk l'kDr laidZ lw= ds :i esa iz;ksx dh tkrh gSA vkt ds oSKkfud ;qx esa oSKkfud 'kks/kksa dk ykHk fo|kfFkZ;ksa ,oa tuekul rd O;kid :i esa igq¡pkus gsrq fganh gh mfpr ek/;e gSA

fo'o ds lokZf/kd ou {ks+= okys ns'kksa ds vk¡dM+s crkrs gaS fd Hkkjr bu lokZf/kd ou {ks= okys nl ns'kksa esa ls ,d gS ysfdu blds ckotwn Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ouksa dk ;ksxnku dkQh de gSA

vkfFkZd ykHk ds vykok ou lalk/ku gesa cgqr lh izkd`frd lqfo/kk,a iznku djrs gaS ftuds fy, ge dksbZ ewY; iznku ugha djrs gSa rFkk blhfy, bUgsa x.kuk esa ugha j[krsA ;s orZeku ifjn`'; esa tutkfr;ksa vkSj LFkkuh; yksxksa ds thou] i;kZoj.kh; lqj{kk] lalk/ku laj{k.k vkSj fofo/k lkekftd] jktuSfrd ljksdkjksa ls tqM+s gq, gaSA blh dkj.k Hkkjr esa okfudh dks ,d laosnu'khy vkSj jkspd v/;;u {ks= ds :Ik esa Hkh ns[kk tk jgk gSA

Hkkjr esa okfudh ds egRo dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, okfudh ds Kku dks fganh Hkk"kk ls foLrkfjr djrs gq, oSKkfud 'kks/kksa dks /kjkry ij lgt :i ls mrkjus dk iz;kl ou vuqla/kku bZ&if=dk* djsxhA eSa if=dk dks izdkf'kr djus ds iz;klksa dh lQyrk dh dkeuk djrh gw¡A

uhfyek 'kkgdqylfpoou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu

uhfyek 'kkgdqylfpo

dqylfpo dh

dye ls ----

ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu dh Çgnh if=dk ^ou vuqla/kku bZ&if=dk^ ds vad&02 dk izdk'ku dj] vki ikBd x.kksa dks lkSairs gq, eqÖks vikj izlUUkrk gks jgh gSA tSlk fd bl if=dk ds bl vad esa okfudh ,oa —f"k okfudh ls tqM+s :fpdj rFkk i;kZoj.k ,oa —f"k dh n`f"V ls cgqmi;ksxh fo"k;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;k gS] vr% eqÖks fo'okl gS] fd ;g vad fo'ks"kdj okfudh ,oa —f"k ds izcq) ikBdksa gsrq :fpdj ,oa ykHkdkjh gksxkA

bl vad ds ys[kksa esa ÞdSjhfy;k czSfp;kVk % LoPN tyh; eSaxzkso iztkfrÞ 'kh"kZd ys[k esa dPNh; ouLifr;ksa dk fooj.k fn;k x;k gSA blds lkFk gh ef.kiqj esa Ökwe [ksrh ds csgrj fodYi ij vxys ys[k esa tkudkjh nh xbZ gSA bl ys[k esa crk;k x;k gS fd iwoksZŸkj {ks=ksa esa Ökwe Hkwfe dh moZjrk fdl izdkj fcxM+ jgh gS vkSj blds csgrj fodYi ds :i esa ikÆd;k fVeksfj;kuk fdl izdkj ls jksi.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ÞoehZ dkWEiksLV ¼dsapqvk [kkn½ Hkwfe ds fy, ojnkuÞ ys[k esa dsapqvksa ij nh xbZ foLr`r tkudkjh] ns'k ds izR;sd fdlku oxZ ds fy, cgqr gh ykHkizn lkfcr gksxhA vk¡oyk cgqi;ksxh Qy gS ftls vusd izdkj ls vkS"kf/k;ksa ds :i esa iz;ksx djrs gSaA ijrh Hkwfe esa vk¡oyk mRiknu dj bl Hkwfe dks mi;ksxh cuk, tkus laca/kh ys[k Þijrh Hkwfe esa vk¡oys dh [ksrhÞ egRoiw.kZ gSA vkt ds ;qx esa okfudh ds foLrkj ds egRo dks ns[krs gq, dqN iztkfr;ksa dk tSfod fu;a=.k esa lgk;d ÞdksDlhusfYyM chfVyl~ß ij ys[k ikBdksa ds fy, fnypLi gksxkA

orZeku le; esa —f"k okfudh ds fy, ,d csgrj fodYi ds :i esa Þdneß dh Hkwfedk dks ys[k esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA blds lkFk gh dqN ys[k ftudh orZeku le; esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSa] tSls fd ÞmŸkj izns'k ds iwohZ {ks= esa ;wdsfyIVl —f"k okfudhÞ] ÞykokZ ijthO;kHk viSUVsfyl iztkfr;ksa dh tSfod fu;a=.k esa HkwfedkÞ] Þiyk'k ds o`{kksa ij jaxhuh yk[k dhV ikyu dh fof/kÞ] ÞbUlÆVM ijthO;kHk tSfod fu;a=.k dk ,d fodYiÞ vkfn dh mi;ksfxrk dks /;ku esa j[kdj bl vad esa izdkf'kr fd, x, gSaA

bl vad esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa dks tu&tu rd igq¡pkus ds fy, ljy :i esa ekr`Hkk"kk Çgnh gh loksZŸke fodYi gSA fo'okl gS fd bl vad ls ikBdoxZ vf/kdkf/kd ykHkkfUor gkasxsA

eq[; laiknd

dh dye ls ----

MkW0 ekS- ;wlqQ+

fo"k; lwph

djS hfy;k cfzS p;kVk% LoPN tyh; exaS kz os itz kfr

ef.kijq ea s c<r+ h >ew [krs h }kjk gks jgh enk&{kj.k ds l/q kkj ds fy, ikfd;Z k fVekfs j;kuk ,d cgs rj fodYi

df"k okfudh ds fy, ,d mi;Dq r itz kfr&dne

ijrh Hkfw e ea s vko¡ ys dh [krs h

mRrj inz 's k ds iow hZ {k=s ea s ;dw fs yIVl df"k okfudh

oehZ dEikLs V ¼dpas vq k [kkn½ Hkfw e ds fy, ojnku

dkDs lhufs YyM chfVyl~ dh iez [q k itz kfr;k¡ rFkk mudk okfudh ea s tfS od fu;=a .k ea s egRoi.w kZ ;kxs nku

bUlfVMZ ijthO;kHk tfS od fu;=a .k dk ,d fodYi

iyk'k ds o{kka s ij jxa huh yk[k dhV ikyu dh fof/k

ykokZ ijthO;kHk viUS Vfs yl itz kfr;ka sdh tfS od fu;=a .k ea s Hkfw edk

Mk0W ioz h.k deq kj oek]Z Mk0W vuiq pUnkz ,oa jta uk uxs h

Mk0W euh"k deq kj flga ,oa 'kda j lko

Mk0W pj.k flga ,oa vt; xyq kVh

jkechj flga ,oa vuHq kk JhokLro

vuHq kk JhokLro] vuhrk rkes j] vkykds ;kno ,oa ,l Mh 'kDq yk

ons iky flga

vf[ky's k deq kj feJk ,oa Mk0W ek0S ;lw Qq

euUs nz dufs j;k ,oa Mk0W l/q khj flga

Mk0W vjfona deq kj

ugs k jtokj] Mk0W ekS ;lw Qq ,oa Mk0W ekgs flu bdjke

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1

2-4

fo"k; ys[kdØ-la- i`"B

funs'kd dh dye ls

dqylfpo dh dye ls

eq[; laiknd dh dye ls

ou vuqla/kku bZ&if=dktqykbZ&fnlacj] 2019

Ø-la- fo"k; ys[kd i`"B

5-8

9-11

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exaS kz os ] ikni txr ds ,lS s iMs + ik/S ks gkrs s g]aS tks leæq ls yxs rVh; {k=s ka s ea s ik, tkrs ga S tgka dk ikuh [kkjk gkrs k ga S,oa budk ilz kj m".kdfVc/a kh; vkjS mik"s .kdfVc/a kh; {k=s ka s rd QyS k gAaS bu exaS kz os ouLifr;ka s dks dPNh; ouLifr;ka Hkh dgrs gASa fo'o ea s exaS kz os dh rdjhcu 110 itz kfr;k¡ ik;h tkrh ga S ,oa Hkkjr ea s nfq u;k ds dNq ifz l) exaS kz os Hkh ik;s tkrs g]aS ftuea s lUq njou fo'o dk lcls cMk+ exaS kz os {k=s gAS ftldk dNq Hkkx Hkkjr ea s rFkk dNq ckXa ykn's k ea s gAS exaS kz os itz kfr;ka s ds chtka s dk vda jq .k ,oa fodkl iMs + ij yx&s yxs gh gks tkrk gS ,oa ,d le; mijkra ;k leæq ds Tokj ds le; ;g vda fq jr ikni ikuh ds cgko ls VVw dj tehu ij fxj tkrs ga S vkjS ikuh ds lkFk dkQh njw rd pys tkrs ga S ,oa nynyh; Hkfw e ea siLz Qfq Vr gks tkrs gAaS budh ifŸk;k¡ vU; ik/S kka s ls ekVs h gkrs h ga S tks ok"ikRs ltuZ }kjk ikuh ds mRltuZ dks jkds rh gASa vxj exaS kz os dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dh ckr dja s rks ;g fo'k"s k tho&r=a dh jpuk djrs ga S ;g ou rVka s dks fLFkjrk Hkh inz ku djrs ga S ,oa lkFk ea s vkjS fofHkUUk idz kj ds ikz f.k;k]as eNfy;ka s vkjS ifa N;ka s dh tkfr;ka s dks ljq {kk ,oa

mUga s oklLFkku Hkh inz ku djrs g;a S [kkl dj iMs + i'kq if{k;ka s dks rts /kiw ls cpkus ds fy, Hkh ;kxs nku nrs s gASa

blds vfrfjDr exaS kz os dh dNq itz kfr;k¡ [kkjs ikuh ds vykok LoPN ikuh ea s Hkh ik;h tkrh ga S buea s ls ,d ga SdjS hfy;k cfSz p;kVk] tks ikni txr ds jkbtZ kQs kjs ls h ifjokj dh LoPN ty ds nynyka s (swamp) ea s ik;h tkus okyh exaS kz os dh itz kfr gS tgka ikuh o"kZ Hkj ektS nw jgrk gAS djS hfy;k cfSz p;kVk dh yca kbZ 15-20 ehVj rd gkrs h gAS bldh ydMh+ dk mi;kxs edku] QuhpZ j] edkuka s dh Q'k]Z lxa hr ok| ;=a vkfn cukus grs q mi;kxs fd;k tkrk gS D;kfas d bldh dhV ifz rjk/s kh {kerk gkrs h gAS bldh tMa s+ inz fw "kr ikuh dks lkQ djus dh {kerk j[krh gAaS dukVZ d ds dNq {k=s ka s ea s blds cht ls fudyus okyk rys [kk|&rys ds :i ea s bLres ky gkrs k gAS dNq n's kka s ea sbldh Nky dk mi;kxs fo"kkärk ,oa dVs ?kko ds Hkjus ds bykt ea s Hkh fd;k tkrk g]S tcfd vkLVfsª y;k ea sbldh ifŸk;ka s dk bLres ky pk; tlS s i;s inkFkZ ds :i ea sfd;k tkrk gAS rVorhZ {k=s ka s ea s bldk bLres ky fdukjs ds o{kkjkis .k ea s fd;k tkrk gAS

djS hfy;k cfSz p;kVk dh ifŸk;ka ljy] pednkj] ,oa foijhr fn'kk (opposite) ea s gkrs h gAS blds i"q i Øhe jxa ds gkrs s ga S ,oa Qy idus ij ukjxa h ,oa yky jxa ds gks tkrs gAaS exaS kz os itz kfr gkus s dh otg ls blds cht dk vda jq .k iMs + ea s yx&s yxs gh gks tkrk gAS fo'o ea s ;g

vkLVfsª y;k] i'z kkra egklkxjh; }hi legw k]as nf{k.kh iow hZ ,f'k;k ds n's kka s ls yds j Hkkjrh; miegk}hi rd ik;k

tkrk gAS Hkkjr ea s bldk ilz kj ikz ;}hih; Hkkjr] vMa eku&fudkcs kj }hi legw ] iow krZs j Hkkjr ds vle ,oa if'Pkeh cxa ky rd gAS

rkts ikuh ea s ik;h tkus okyh ;g itz kfr vk'Pk;tZ ud :i ls mŸkjh fgeky;h jkT; mŸkjk[kMa ds x<o+ ky ,oa deq kÅa ds enS kuh {k=s ka s ea s cgrq gh de l[a ;k ea s ikbZ tkrh g]S tks mŸkjk[kMa dh ikni fofof/krk dks vnH~ krq cukrh gAS igyk {k=s ngs jknuw ds fudV udjknaS k LoPN ty nynyh {k=s (swamp) ,oa nlw jk m/keÇlg uxj ds iow hZ rjkbZ ds [kVhek ou {k=s ds LoPN ty nynyka s ea s ik;k tkrk gAS budh de l[a ;k dks n[s krs g,q blds mŸkjk[kMa ea s lja {k.k dh cgrq vko';drk gAS D;kfas d rts h ls ?kVrs tk jgs mŸkjk[kMa ds nynyh ifjfLFkfrdh r=a ka s dks cpk;s j[kus ds fy, bl itz kfr dks cpkuk cgrq vko';d gAS

djS hfy;k cfSz p;kVk% LoPN tyh; exaS kz os itz kfrMkW0 izoh.k dqekj oekZ] oSKkfud&lh] MkW0 vuwi paæk] oSKkfud&bZ ,ao jatuk usxh] oSKkfud&Mh

ou ouLifr izHkkx] ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu

ou vuqla/kkubZ&if=dk tqykbZ&fnlacj] 201902

MkW0 izoh.k dqekj oekZoSKkfud&lh

dSjhfy;k czSfp;kVk% fp=-1- isM+] fp=&2- tM+sa]

fp=&3- ifŸk;ka] fp=&4- iq"i xqPN

1 2

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Ökew [krs h] —f"k dh ,d ikz phu i)fr g]S ftldh [krs h iow kŸZs kj fgeky;h {k=s ds dbZ fgLlka s ea s dh tk jgh gAS gky ds fnuka s e]as c<h+ gbq Z vkcknh dh [kk| ljq {kk lfq uf'Pkr djus ds fy, >ew [krs h ds rgr vf/kd Hkfw e dh ekxa c<h+ gAS pfaw d Hkfw e lla k/ku lhfer g]aS ifjR;ä Ökew Hk[w kMa ka s dh ijrh vof/k dks 1 ls 3 o"kZ rd de djus ds vykok dkbs Z vU; fodYi ugha FkkA bl de vof/k dh miyC/krk dh otg ls Hkfw e fQj ls iuq LZ Fkkfir ugha gks ikrh g]S ftl otg ls {k=s ea s Hkfw e {kj.k vkjS ouka s dh dVkbZ dh leL;kvka s dks vkjS cy feyrk gAS Ökew Hkfw e dk bl idz kj {kj.k gkus k iow kŸZs kj fgeky;h {k=s ds dbZ fgLlka s ea s fo'k"s k :i ls ef.kijq dh ?kkfV;ka s ea s xHa khj Çprk dk fo"k; gAS bl idz kj] tUetkr thok.kq toS &bukDs ;yq Vas lfgr ikÆd;k fVekfs j;kuk tlS s cgmq Ì's kh; o{k dh 'k:q vkr] ik/S kka s ds fodkl] Hkfw e dh mRikndrk rFkk vra r% {k=s dh toS fofo/krk dh fLFkfr dks c<k+ us ds fy, ,d vPNk fodYi gAS

Hkkjr dk fgeky; {k=s nfq u;k ds ogn fofof/krk okys {k=s ka sea s ls ,d gAS ;g HkkfS rd :i ls iow hZ fgeky;] iow kŸZs kj igkfM;+ ka s ¼iVdkb&Z ukxk fgYl vkjS y'q kkbZ fgYl½ vkjS cãz i=q rFkk cjkd ?kkVh enS kuka s ea s oxh—Z r gS ¼nkl vkjS dfyrk] 2016½A Hkkjr&E;kea kj] Hkkjr&phuh vkjS Hkkjrh; ck;kxs kz fQdy LFkkuka s ds lxa e ij fLFkr iow kŸZs kj {k=s vkoklka s dh ipz jq rk inz ku djus ea s vf}rh; g]S ftlea smPp Lrj ds LFkkfud ds lkFk fofo/k tho/kkjh Hkh gASa ;g {k=s 200 ls vf/kd utkrh; lenq k;ka s dk ?kj gS vkjS nfq u;k ds vx.z kh lja {k.k ,tfas l;ka s ds fy, ikz Fkfedrk ij jgk gS ¼pVthZ vkfn] 2006½A f'kÇ¶Vx dYVho's ku ;k Ökew [krs h ,d ikjia fjd Hkfw e mi;kxs i.z kkyh g]S tks ;gka lfn;ka s ls ipz fyr gAS bl {k=s ea s [krs h ;kXs ; {k=s ¼62-04½ dk mi;kxs ifz r'kr] jk"Vhª ; vklS r ¼73-05½ ls de gAS igys ;g Ökew i)fr 15&20 lky rd Hkfw e ifjR;kx ds ckn nks ls rhu o"kk± s ds fy, ipz fyr Fkh] rkfd Hkfw e viuh mojZ rk vkjS toS fofo/krk okil ikus ea s leFkZ gks ¼oekZ

vkfn] 2017½A gkykfa d] ektS nw k ekxa ifjn';] ijrh vof/k dk le; 1&3 lky rd de dj nrs h gS tks Hkfw e {kj.k vkjS lhfer mRiknu dh leL;kvka s dks c<k+ nrs h gAS Ökew Hkfw e dk ;g {kj.k] iow kŸZs kj fgeky;h {k=s ds dbZ fgLlka s e]as fo'k"s k :i ls ef.kijq dh ?kkfV;ka s e]as xHa khj Çprk dk fo"k; gAS ef.kijq ea s ?kkVh ds ftyka s e]as jkT; ds HkkxS kfs yd {k=s dk nloka fgLlk 'kkfey g]S tgka Ökew [krs h gkrs h gAS [krs h dh bl i)fr ds rgr okÆ"kd :i ls 90]000 gDs V;s j Hkfw e vkrh ga S ¼rkes j vkfn] 2012½A Hkfw e vkjS ouka s ds lla k/kuka sij ;g ncko le; ds lkFk c<r+ k x;k] ftlls ik"s kd rRoka s dh deh gks xbZ vkjS i;koZ j.k dh nf"V ls Ökew Hkfw e [kj+ kc gks jgh gAS bl idz kj] {kfjr Ökew Hkfw e dh HkkfS rd&jklk;fud x.q kka s ea s l/q kkj djus vkjS Ökew fuHkjZ d"kdka s dh lkekftd&vkÆFkd fLFkfr dks c<k+ us ds vykok bl {k=s dh toS fofo/krk dh fLFkfr dks c<k+ us ds fy, ,d ,dh—r nf"Vdk.s k ds fy, lkps us dk ;g lgh le; gAS

ikÆdvk fVekfs j;kuk tks fd rts h ls fodflr gkus s okyh Qyhueq k itz kfr gS tks mPp vkÆFkd egRo ds Qy nrs h g]S {kfjr Ökew Hkfw e ds iuq xgZz .k ds fy, mi;äq itz kfr;ka s ea s ls ,d gks ldrh gAS bl o{k dh n[s kHkky dh cgrq vf/kd vko';drk ugha gkrs h gS D;kfas d ,d Qynkj o{k gkus s ds dkj.k ;g ukbVkª ts u ;kfS xdhdj.k ds ek/;e ls feVV~ h dks le) djrk gAS blds vykok] o{k+ ds idz na ea s ik, tkus okys ekbØk¶s ykjs k lHa kor% ik/S ks dh of) vkjS fodkl dks c<k+ rs gS a vkjS vius [kk,s g,q ik"s kd rRoka s dks okil ikus ds fy, ijrh Ökew dh lgk;rk djrk gS ¼fp=&1½A ih- fVekfs j;kuk tks *Vhª chu* ds uke ls ykds fi;z g]S Hkkjr ds mŸkj&iow hZ igkMh+ {k=s ka s ea s cMs + ieS kus ij mxrk gS vkjS nf{k.k iow Z ,f'k;kbZ n's kka s tlS s cek]Z ckXa ykn's k] FkkbyZ MaS vkjS eyfs 'k;kbZ {k=s ¼gdq j] 1879] gkiW Çdl] 1994½ rd QyS k gAS ;g lkekU;r% Hkkjr ds iow kŸZs kj jkT;ka s tlS s fetkjs e] ukxkyMaS ] ef.kijq ] e?s kky; vkjS vle ea s iRz ;ds ?kj ds vkxa u] [krs h vkjS txa yka s ea s mxrk gS ¼dkta hyky vkfn

ef.kiqj es c<+rh >we [ksrh }kjk gks jgh e`nk&{kj.k ds lq/kkj ds fy, ikfdZvk fVeksfj;kuk ,d csgrj fodYi

MkW0 euh"k dqekj Çlg] oSKkfud&Mh ,oa 'kadj lko] dfu"B vuqoknd o"kkZ ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] tksjgkV 785001 ¼vle½


2

1938½A

;g iMs + dkQh BMa s igkMh+ {k=s ka s ls yds j xeZ enS kuka s rd ¼Fkkxa te] 2014½ rFkk fofHkUUk Åp¡ kbZ okys {k=s ka s ;kuh 40 ls 820 ,e,-,l-,y rd fofo/k —f"k&tyok;q {k=s ka s ea s c<u+ s ds fy, vudq yw gAS ¼jkcW VZ vkfn] 2003½ ;g ,d e/;e vkdkj dk o{k gS ftldh Åp¡ kbZ 15&25 ehVj gkrs h gS rFkk Nky Hkjw s jxa dh gkrs h gAS ¼Çlg vkjS Çlg] 2017½ ifŸk;ka 18&42 lVas hehVj yca h ikz Fkfed i"q iØe ds lkFk ckjh&ckjh ls gkrs h g]aS ftlea s MBa y 'kkfey gkrs s ga S tks 14&31 tkMs s + foijhr ;k mi foijhr Øe ea s O;ofLFkr gkrs s gAaS iMs uq Ys l dks ckjh&ckjh ls lkekU;r% 4&7 ifz r dia kmMa bu¶ykjs kls hUl ea s O;ofLFkr gkrs k gAS Qyw 9&10-5 feeh yca s ckányitaq ftlea s flmMks iMs hdys ] dkjs kys k 10&11 feeh yca s vkjS ckányitaq ls ijs 2&3-5 feeh ,DtVMZs fQykeVas l~ fo:) x.q k okys gkrs s gAaS Qyw ] flrca j ls vDrcw j rd fn[kkbZ nrs s ga S vkjS ,Fa kfs ll ls yxHkx pkj eghuka s ea s ,d rus ds vkdkj ds Qy ds :i ea sfodflr gkrs s ga S vkjS Qjojh ls ekpZ ds nkjS ku Qly dVkbZ ds fy, miyC/k gkrs h gAS ik/S kka s ea s Qyh dk mRiknu 6 o"kZ dh vk;q ea s 'k:q gkrs k g]S gkykfa d i.w kZ /kkj.k voLFkk 10 o"kZ dh gkrs h gAS vudq yw eklS e ds nkjS ku ,d i.w kZ fodflr ik/S kk 10]000&15]000 Qyh /kkj.k djrk gAS bl idz kj] ,d ,dy ik/S kk] mRiknudrkZ dks ifz r o"kZ yxHkx 8]000 ls 10]000 #- dh mit ns ldrk gS ¼jkdW h vkfn 2004½A

iow kŸZs kj Hkkjr ea s bls 100&120 #i;@s fdxkz 0 ds cktkj eYw ; okyh lcls egx¡ h lCth ekuh tkrh gAS blds vykok] bldh ydMh+ dk mi;kxs cDl]s ltkoVh lkeku ¼deq kj vkfn] 2012½ vkjS gYds QuhpZ j cukus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gAS bldh Nky ea s 6&15% VfS uu gkrs k gS tks VfS uu m|kxs ea s mi;kxs h gS vkjS ydMh+ dks iis j iYi ds lkz rs ds :i ea s Hkh bLres ky fd;k tk ldrk gS ¼vKkr]1966½A ikÆd;k] pk; ds ckxkuka s ¼/;kuh vkjS pkgS ku] 1990½ vkjS fdlkuka s ds fy, Hkh ,d Nk;knkj o{k ds :i esa mi;ksxh gS ¼vykch vkfn 2005½A ,Fkuk&s ckVW kuhdy :i ls ih- fVekfs j;kuk ds cht vkjS Qyh iVs ds fodkjka s dks Bhd djus vkjS ;—r ds dk;k± s dks fu;fa =r djus ea s mi;kxs fd, tkrs gAaS ikuh ea s mxkbZ xbZ Qyh dk mi;kxs pgs js vkjS flj /kkus s ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS ¼jk;W vkfn] 2016½A Nky vkjS ifŸk;ka s dk mi;kxs Ropk jkxs ka s vkjS vYlj ds fy, yk's ku cukus ea s fd;k tkrk gAS

QjeVas Ms iŸkh dk dk<k+ xfB;k iHz kkfor Hkkxka s ds fy, Qk;nes na gS ¼'kekZ vkfn] 1993½A blds vfrfjä] iMs + dh Qfy;ka s dks vyx&vyx Qk;nes na cDS Vhfj;k tlS s L;Mw kes kus kl ] ih- fgfcLdkds kys k] ih- ifq rnk] ¶Ykkjs ls lasih- ,#fxukls k] cfS lyl lcfVfyl] ch- ccwz fsz ol] ch- lfs j;l] ,xkz cs DS Vhfj;e Qcs ez ] ljs fs y;k ekldZs Us l vkfn blds idz na {k=s ea s ik;k x;k gAS tUetkr thok.kq toS &bukDs ;yq Vas dh r;S kjh ds fy, bu cDS Vhfj;k dh l[a ;k dks vkxs tkpa k tk ldrk g]S ftldk mi;kxs u, IykVa yVs dh LFkkiuk vkjS fodkl rFkk {k=s ds {kfjr Ökew ea s l/q kkj ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gAS

bl y[s k ea s bl ckr ij tkjs fn;k x;k gS fd o{k dh Qfy;ka s ls rts h ls fodflr gkus s okyh Qynkj ¼yXs ;fq eul½ o{k itz kfr iow kŸZs kj fgeky;h {k=s ea s ik"s k.k] vk"S kf/k;ka s vkjS eukjs ta d eYw ;ka s dk ,d ykds fi;z xjS &ikjia fjd lkz rs gAS ;g enk ukbVkª ts u dk ,d mR—"V vkiÆw rdrkZ gS vkjS dkcuZ Çld ds :i ea s dk;Z djrk g]S bldh O;kid vudq yw u vkjS enk vijnu dh tkpa djus dh {kerk dk mi;kxs ] ef.kijq dh {kfjr Ökew Hkfw e ds l/q kkj grs q ,d mik; ds :i ea s fd;k tk ldrk gAS blds vykok] tUetkr toS bukDs ;yq Va l~ lfgr bl cgmq Ì's kh; o{k dh Qfy;ka egRoi.w kZ :i ls of)] ik/S kka s dh mŸkjthfork] feVV~ h dh ik"s kd fLFkfr vkjS {k=s dh toS fofo/krk dks c<k+ ldrh gAS bl idz kj] mPp okf.kfT;d vkjS ikfjfLFkfrd egRo gkus s ds dkj.k] ;s lHkh jkT;] bl itz kfr ds o{kkjkis .k dks cMs + ieS kus ij ikz Fkfedrk ns ldrs gAaS


fp=-1- ef.kiqj eas Ökwe QSyks dh bZdks&cgkyh ds fy,

ikÆd;k fVeksfj;kuk IykaVysV~l dk iz;ksxA

02

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3. pVthZ ,l0] lkbfd;k] ,0 ih0 ?kk"s k] Mh0] ifS xxa ] th0 xkLs okeh] nŸkk] ,0d0s - 2006- cdS xkz m.M iis j vkuW ck;kMs kboflVZ h flXuhfQdUs l vkQW ukFkZ bLZ V bf.M;k Qkjs Ls V dUto’Zs ku ikz xs kz e@MCyw MCyw ,Q&bf.M;k] ubZ fnYyhA

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7. gdw j t0s Mh0 1879- nk Qykjs k vkQW fcfz V’k bfUM;k] fetkjs h ckVs fs udy xkMuZ ] yUnu 2%279&290-

8. gkfs Idla ,p0lh0,Q0 1994- nk bUMk&s ifs lfQd Lihlht vkQW

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11. jkcs VZ Vh0] ne;Urh ,e0] 'kekZ th0t0s 2003- fMVDs ’ku vkQW tuS fs Vd

MkboflVZ h bu ikfd;Z k fVekfs j;kuk (Mh0 lh0) ejq s ;fw txa jUs Meyh ,EiyhQkbM ikys h ekfs QdZ Mh0,u0,0 ,ukfyfll- QMw ,fxdz ,uok;ju 1(3&4): 46-49.

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QkjW Ls Vj- 138 (1). 52&62

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4

Hkkjr ea s c<r+ h gbq Z tul[a ;k ds dkj.k Hkkts u] pkjk tykÅ ydMh+ dh ekxa Hkh yxkrkj c<+ jgh gS ftlls Ñf"k Hkfw e rFkk txa yka s ij ncko c<r+ k tk jgk gAS bl c<r+ h gbq Z ekxa dks ijw k djus ds fy, Ñf"k ;kXs ; Hkfw e ea sfoLrkj djuk gS tks fd xjS mitkÅ Hkfw e dks mitkÅ Hkfw e ea s cny dj lEHko gks ldrk gS ;k fQj lhfer Ñf"k Hkfw e ea s gh vf/kd inS kokj ikz Ir djds gh lEHko gAS xjS mitkÅ Hkfw e dk mitkÅ cukuk ,d yEch ifz Ø;k gkus s ds dkj.k o"kka Zs dk le; yxxs k] blfy, lhfer miyC/k Ñf"k Hkfw e ea s inS kokj c<k+ dj gh Hkkts u] pkjk rFkk ydMh+ dh ekxa dks ijw k fd;k tk ldrk gAS mitkÅ rFkk xjS mitkÅ Hkfw e ls vf/kd inS kokj yus s ds fy, Ñf"k okfudh ,d vPNk ,oa dkjxj fodYi gS yfs du bl i)fr ea s de le; ea s inS kokj nus s okyh rFkk Ñf"k Qlyka s ds lkFk Hkfw e dh dyq inS kokj dks c<k+ us okyh o{k itz kfr;ka s dh vko';drk gAS blfy, vktdy Ñf"k okfudh ds rgr rts h ls c<u+ s oky]s fon's kh mRifRr okyh o{k itz kfr;ka s dk vf/kd ipz yu g]S ftlds vUrxrZ fdlku n's k ds mRrjh&if'peh {k=s ka s ftuea s gfj;k.kk] ita kc] if'pe mRrj inz 's k rFkk mRrjk[k.M jkT; 'kkfey g]aS fo'k"s kr% ikiW yj] ;dw fs yIVl vkfn dks vius [krs ka s ea s yxkrs gAaaS

vkt&dy ds fdlku ikiW yj rFkk ;dw fs yIVl ds vykok vU; o{k itz kfr;ka s tlS s ehfy;k Mfw c;k] dne] xEgkj] vko¡ yk] pUnu dks Hkh vius [krs ka s ea s yxkus yxs gAaS fon's kh mRifRr dh itz kfr;ka s dks yxkus okys fdlku vc nlw jh itz kfr;ka s ftuea s dne] xEgkj] lkxkuS ] ehfy;k vkfn dh vkjs #[k djus yxs ga S D;kfas d fon's kh eyw dh itz kfr;ka s ea s dhV irxa ka s rFkk jkxs ka s dh leL;k,a vf/kd n[s kus dks fey jgh ga S rFkk ;s itz kfr;k¡ cg&q mi;kxs h Hkh ugha gAaS

gekjs n's k ea s ikbZ tkus okyh o{k itz kfr ,UFkhflQys l dnEck ftls dne ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS rFkk bldks Hkxoku Ñ".k ds uke ls tkMs d+ j Hkh n[s kk tkrk g]S ;g ,d rts h ls c<u+ s okyh itz kfr gAS ;g itz kfr Ñf"k okfudh ds rgr yxkbZ tkus okyh itz kfr gS tks dkQh rts h ls c<r+ h gS lkFk gh ;g i.kiZ krh Hkh g]S ftlls Qlyka s dks Hkjijw l;w Z dk idz k'k feyrk gS rFkk inS kokj vf/kd gkrs h gAS dne ogn vkdkj dk m".k dfVcU/kh; o{k gAS bldk {k=d [kyq k gvq k] ruk xkys yxHkx 15 ehVj yEck gkrs k gAS ;g o{k :fc;ls h ifjokj ds vUrxrZ vkrk gAS vudq yw ifjfLFkfr;ka s ea s o{k dh yEckbZ 20 ehVj o rus dh yEckbZ 9 ehVj ;k mlls vf/kd gks tkrh gAS ,d ikz <S + o{k dh ekVs kbZ 120 l-s eh- ls yds j 150 l-s eh- rd gks ldrh gAS rus dh Nky ikz jfEHkd :i ls fpduh] lery rFkk ckn ea s xgjh ,oa gYdh njkjka s ;Dq r gks tkrh gAS Qyw NkVs s rFkk xyq kch jxa ds gkrs s gAaS i[a kfq M;+ ka lpw kdkj rFkk xnas ds vkdkj ea s yxh jgrh g]S ftlls i"q i xkys vkdkj ds fn[krs gAaS Qyw ka s dk vkdkj 2-5 ls 5 l-s eh- gkrs k gS Qy xkys ] xyq kch jxa rFkk dk.ss kh; chtka s ls Hkjs gkrs s gAaS o{kka s ij Qyw ebZ ls tyq kbZ rd jgrs ga S rFkk blds ckn Qy yxdj vxLr ls vDrcw j rd id tkrs ga S rFkk tuojh ls Qjojh ds e/; tehu ij fxj tkrs gAaS

HkkSxksfyd fooj.k

Ñf"k okfudh ds fy, ,d mi;qDr iztkfr & dneMkW0 pju flga] oSKkfud&bZ ,ao vt; xqykVh] lgk;d eq[; rduhdh vf/kdkjh

foLRkkj izHkkx] ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu


¼fp=&1% dne½

¼fp=&2% Qy vkPNkfnr dne½

5


dne ikz Ñfrd :i ls nf{k.k o nf{k.k&iow Z ,f'k;k] Hkkjr] Hkkjr&eyk;k {k=s ] tkok] leq k=k] phu] b.Mkus fs 'k;k] eyfs 'k;k] cxa ykn's k] Jhyda k] dEckfs M;k] xvq kbuk] fQyhfiUl rFkk flxa kijq ea s ik;k tkrk gAS Hkkjr ea s ;g itz kfr mi&fgeky; {k=s ea s uis ky dh rjQ ds iow hZ {k=s ls if'peh cxa ky rFkk vle rd ikbZ tkrh gAS n's k ds nlw js Hkkxka s ea s tlS s fcgkj] NRrhlx<]+ e/;inz 's k] vkU/kiz nz 's k rFkk dukVZ d ls yds j djs y ds lnkcgkj txa yka s ea s Hkh ;g itz kfr ikbZ tkrh gAS v:.kkpy inz ’s k ea sdf"k okfudh ds vUrxrZ ;g itz kfr dkQh ipz fyr gAS mRrjk[k.M jkT; ea s gY}kuh ds ou {k=s ea s ueh okys LFkkuka s ij Hkh bl itz kfr dh mifLFkfr ntZ dh xbZ gAS dne rts h ls c<u+ s okyh itz kfr ds lkFk&lkFk vuds idz kj dh feVV~ h fo’k"s k rkjS ij nkes V rFkk cybq Z ds vudq yw gkus s ds dkj.k df"k okfudh ds fy, mi;Dq r ekuh xbZ gS lkFk gh ;g df"k Qlyka s ij Hkh foijhr iHz kko ugha MkyrhA

mi;ksx

dk"B vk/kkfjr vk|S kfs xd bdkb;Z ka s ds fy, dne dh ydMh+ dks mi;Dq r ik;k x;k gS rFkk bu bdkb;ka s ea sdne dh dkQh ekxa jgrh gAS dne dh ydMh+ gYds ihys ;k lQns jxa dh gkrs h gS rFkk otu ea s gYdh gkrs h gAS bldh ydMh+ dks ifjjf{k;ks a }kjk vklkuh ls mipkfjr fd;k tk ldrk gAS ;g e/;e :Ik ls dBkjs gkrh gAS bl ij fNykbZ rFkk lQkbZ dk dk;Z cMh+ gh vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldrk gAS dne dh ydMh+ dk mi;kxs Nr dh rf[r;k]as gYds fuek.Z k dk;k]aZs Iykb&Z oMq ] ifs lya ] fn;klykbZ dh rhyh] dk"B&Q’k]Z dkxt dh yXq nh] ifS dxa ckDW l] f[kykuS ]s trw ka s ds Qe]Zs pk; ds cruZ vkfn cukus ea s fd;k tkrk gAS dne dks ltkoV ds rkjS Ikj lMd+ ka s ds fdukjs Hkh yxk;k tkrk gAS bldh ifRr;k]as Qyw ka s rFkk Qyka s ea s vk"S k/kh; x.q k ik;s tkrs gASa dne dh Nky dk mi;kxs ihys jxa ds ikz dfrd jta d cukus ea sfd;k tkrk gAS chtka s ea s fo"kjk/s kh x.q k ik, tkrs gASa

dne ea s LokHkkfod :Ik ls rts h ls iRrh&foyxu ¼ir>M½+ ds x.q k ik;s tkrs ga S ftlls bldh ¡ vf/kd ifŸk;kek=k ea s fxjus ds dkj.k Hkfw e ea s [kkn dh ek=k c<+ tkrh gS rFkk Hkfw e dh mojZ drk 'kfDr c<r+ h gAS blds iRrs dfFkr rkjS ij i'kvq ka s dks pkjs ds :Ik ea s f[kyk, tkrs gASa blds

i"q ika s ea s ,d fo'k"s k idz kj dh lxq U/k gkrs h gS tks fd e/keq fD[k;ka s dks vkdf"krZ djrh gS bl ifz Ø;k ea s ijkx.k ea sHkh lgk;rk feyrh gS rFkk e/keq fD[k;ka s dks Hkh viuk Hkkts u fey tkrk gAS oLrrq % dne ljw t dh jk’s kuh ea siuius okyh itz kfr gS yfs du r:.k ,oa NkVs h voLFkk ds ikniks as dks l;w Z dh rhoz jk’s kuh ls gkfu gASigp¡q rh

Tkyok;q

dne ikz ;% l-s l-s ds vf/kdre rFkk l-s l-s 0 0 0 037 47 0 15ds rkieku ij iuius okyh itz kfr gAS uljZ h ea s mxk;s x;s r:.k ik/S ks ikys ds ifz r dkQh loa ns u’khy gkrs s ga S rFkk vf/kd ueh ea s buea s tM+ rFkk ruk xyus dh chekjh yx tkrh gAS lkekU;r% ;g itz kfr 1500 ls 5000 fe0eh0 okys o"kkZ {k=s ea s lxq erk ls inS k gks tkrh gAS ijUrq dHkh&dHkh ;g e:LFkyh; tyok;q rFkk 200 fe0eh0 o"kkZ okys {k=s ka s ea s Hkh ikbZ tkrh gAS HkkxS kfs yd Åp¡ kbZ ds nf"Vdk.s k ls ;g itz kfr 300 ehVj ls yds j 1000 ehVj rd ikbZ tkrh gS yfs du 1400 ehVj dh rd Hkh Åp¡ kbZ bldks mxk;k tk ldrk gAS

mi;qDr Hkwfe

dne ds iMs + gjh] Hkjq Hkjq h rFkk ikuh ds lefq pr fudkl ;Dq r nkes V feVVh~ ea s vPNh rjg Qyrs Qyw rs gASa blds vfrfjDr ;g cybq Z feVVh ea s Hkh Hkyh idz kj mxk;s tk ldrs gASa enk lja {k.k ea s Hkh dne dk egRoi.w kZ ;kxs nku gS D;kfas d ;g feVV~ h ea s dkcuZ dh ek=k dks c<k+ rk gAS

dne ds NkVs s ik/S kka s dks vf/kdrdj i'kvq ka s rFkk txa yh ’kkdkgkjh tkuojka s }kjk drq j dj [kk;k tkrk gS ftlls budh x.q koRrk iHz kkfor gkrs h gAS buea s drq js g,q LFkkuka s ls dYys Hkh fudy vkrs ga S tks fd c<d+ j ’kk[kkvka s dk :Ik ys yrs s gAaS vudq yw okrkoj.k e]as dne ikz dfrd :Ik ls itz fur gkrs k gAS yfs du blds cht cgrq gh l{w e gkrs s gS aftlds dkj.k vdfq jr rFkk fcuk vda jq .k okys cht feVV~ h ds <js ea s nc tkrs gS a ftlls vda jq .k dfBu gks tkrk gS blfy, blds chtka s dks df=e :Ik ls mxkuk gh lfq o/kktud ekuk x;k gAS

ulZjh fuekZ.k

02

6


blds Qy gYds cknkeh&xyq kch jxa ds gkrs s ga S rFkk vxLr&flrEcj ea s id tkrs ga S ftUga s cht ikz fIr grs q Hkfw e ls bdVBk dj <fs j;ka s ds :i ea s Nk;k ea s j[k fn;k tkrk gAS cht ,d=hdj.k dk mfpr le; e/; vxLr ekg ekuk x;k gAS Qyka s ds xnw s dks 2&4 fnu lMu+ s ds fy, NkMs + fn;k tkrk gS blds ckn tc xnw k yXq nh ea s ifjofrrZ gks tkrk gS rks mls ikuh ls /kkds j vyx dj fn;k tkrk gS rFkk chtka s dks l[q kk fy;k tkrk gAS chtka s dks vyx djus ds fy, Qyka s dh yXq nh dks ikuh feyk dj 0-50 fe-eh- fNnkz a s okyh Nyuh ls Nkuk tkrk gAS dne ds ,d Qy ls 400&500 feyh xkz e chtka s dh ikz fIr gkrs h gAS cht dkQh ckjhd rFkk vfu;fer vkdkj ds gkrs s ga S rFkk budh l[a ;k 9]00]000 ls 27]00]000 ifz r fdyks xkz e gkrs h gAS

dne ds chtka s dks fctkbZ ds iow Z fdlh rjg ds mipkj dh vko’;drk ugha iMr+ h gS yfs du ikz jfEHkd flpa kbZ djrs le; bl ckr dk /;ku j[kk tkrk gS fd cht vda jq .k iow Z ikuh ds lkFk u cgAas chtka s dks tehu ds Lrj ls 10 ls 15 les h Åij mBh lrg ij Hkjq Hkjh feVV~ h ea s fc[kjs dj ck;s k tkrk gAS ftlea s ifz r oxZ ehVj yxHkx 125 xkz e chtka s dh vko’;drk gkrs h gAS rRi’pkr ,d gYdh flpa kbZ dh tkrh gAS coq kbZ ds 15 fnu Ik’pkr gh yxHkx 15 ifz r’kr chtka s ea s vdjq .a k gks tkrk gAS yxHkx 10 les h ds vkdkj ds ik/S ka s dks FkfS y;ka s ea s yxk fn;k tkrk gS rFkk ekuluw vkus rd FkfS y;ka s ea s gh jgus fn;k tkrk gAS

o`{kkjksi.k

o{kkjkis .k ds vUrxrZ 5 ekg ds ik/S kka s dk mi;kxs fd;k tkrk gS budk jkis .k tuw &tyq kbZ ds eghus ea s ekuluw ds eklS e ea s fd;k tkrk gAS jkis .k ds fy, 30 ls 40 les h- vkdkj ds ik/S ks mi;Dq r gkrs s gASa df"k okfudh ds vUrxrZ ik/S kka s dks 3-5 ehVj ls yds j 8-50 ehVj rd dh njw h ij yxk;k tkrk gAS ftlls uhps mxus okyh df"k Qlyka s dks mfpr ek=k es as l;w Z dk idz k’k feyrk jgAs

tlS k fd KkrO; gS fd dne cgrq gh rts h ls c<u+ s okyh itz kfr gAS iow Z ea s fd;s x;s v/;;uka s ea s ik;k x;k gS fd ;g itz kfr 4 lky ea s 13 les h- dk O;kl rFkk 9 ehVj dh Åp¡ kbZ ikz Ir dj yrs h gAS ikz jfEHkd lkyka s ea s blds ik/S ks rts h ls c<r+ s gAaS rFkk 6 ;k 8 lky rd Åp¡ kbZ ea s 3 ehVj ifz r o"kZ dh c<k+ Ÿs kjh n[s kus dks feyrh gAS dne dk dVku vkerkjS ij 10 ls 15 o"kZ ds chp fd;k tkrk gS dne ds

rus dk O;kl 50 les h- rd gks tkrk gS tks fd lefq pr dkcuZ lxa gz .k dks n’kkrZ k gAS

j[kj[kko

dne ds ik/S kka s dks HkMs ]+ cdfj;k]a s xk;ka s rFkk txa yh ’kkdkgkjh thoka s ls ge’s kk udq lku gkrs k gS blds ik/S kka s dh mfpr n[s kHkky dh vko’;drk gkrs h gS dNq dhV&irxa a s Hkh ik/S kka s dks udq lku ga S buea s ,fjLVkfs c;k igp¡q krslikz us lhfeVj ¼Nky Hk{kd½] fMgkel lfs ouZ l ¼ruk Hkns d½ rFkk fMjkMls ,MtVw fs j;k ¼fu"di=d½ e[q ; gAaS

Qly pØ

dne ue o le’khrk"s .k tyok;q ea s df"k okfudh ds vUrxrZ ,d mi;kxs h rFkk ykHkinz itz kfr gAS bldh inS kokj vk|S kfs xd bdkb;ka s dh gYdh ydMh+ dh vkifw rZ ds fy, dh tkrh gAS dne ds o{kka s dh NVkbZ dh vko’drk ugha iMr+ h D;kfs da ’kk[kk,¡ rFkk gh l[w k ifŸk;k¡dj fxj tkrh gASa o{kka s dk dVku pØ blds mi;kxs ij fuHkjZ djrk gAS yXq nh rFkk ekfpl dh ¡ cukus ds rhfy;kfy, dne dks 4 ls 5 lky ea s dkVk tk ldrk gS yfs du blds fy, iMs k+ a s ea s lefq pr ek=k ea s [kkn Mkyuk pkfg,A ydMh+ &mRiknu ds fy, iMs k+ a s dks 10 o"kZ dh mez ea s dkVk tkrk gAS

iSnkokj o ykHk

,d v/;;u ea s vueq kfur :Ik ls crk;k x;k gS fd dne ikis yq l MYs Vkbs fMl rFkk lkxkuS l]s l;a Dq r :Ik ls yxHkx 16]400 Vu@ifz r o"kZ dkcuZ dk lpa ; gkrs k gAS ,d v/;;u ea s ;g Hkh Ikk;k x;k gS fd ir>M+ ds nkjS ku dne dh ifŸk;ka s dk gYnh dh inS koj ij dkbs Z foijhr iHz kko ugha iMr+ k rFkk jch o [kjhQ dh Qlya s Hkh vklkuh ls gks tkrh gAaS dne rFkk gYnh vk/kkfjr v/;;u ea s Ikk;k x;k gS fd 6 ekg ea s gYnh dk mRiknu 7 ls 12 Vu ifz r gDS V;s j rFkk 8 ekg ea s 10 ls 16 Vu ifz r gDS V;s j gkrs k gAS

’kjn rFkk clUr _rq ea s cMh+ ek=k ea s ir>M+ gkus s ds dkj.k] dne ds lkFk xgs ¡ w rFkk /kku dh [krs h vklku rFkk ykHkdkjh gAS dne vklkuh ls df"k okfudh i)fr ea slekfgr gkus s okyh itz kfr gS rFkk vk; miktuZ dk ,d

02

7


vPNk lk/ku gAS ir>M+ gkus s ds dkj.k dne ds lkFk xgs ]¡w /kku] pk; rFkk dkQW h cxkuka s ea s dne dks Nk;k inz ku djus okys o{kka s ds :Ik ea s mxk;k tkrk gAS dne mi m".k dfVcU/kh; ls yds j le’khrk"s .k tyok;q okys Hkkjr ds vf/kdrj Hkkxka s ea s df"k okfudh ds vUrxrZ mxk;k tk ldrk gAS dne dks ufn;ka s rFkk ugjka s ds fdukjs Hkh LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gS blds vfrfjDr bls lMd+ ] jys os ds fdukjs Hkh yxk;k tk ldrk gAS dne dh ydMh+ dh ifaS ly m|kxs ] IykbZ oMq rFkk ekfpl dh rhyh fuek.Z k m|kxs ka s ea s ge’s kk ekxa jgrh gAS

dne dh egRrk dks n[s krs g,q ;g df"k okfudh ds vUrxrZ Hkkjr ds dbZ jkT;ka s ea s mxk;k tk jgk gAS buea sfcgkj jkT; e[q ; :Ik ls 'kkfey gAS Hkkjrh; ou itz uu ,oa o{k ioz /kuZ lLa Fkku dk;s EcVjw ¼rfeyukM½w ds }kjk fd;s x;s vkfFkdZ eYw ;kda u ds vulq kj 8 lky ds dne dh Åp¡ kbZ 10 ehVj rFkk ekVs kbZ 100 les h gks tkrh gS rFkk blls 11 ?ku QVq ydMh+ ikz Ir gkrs h gAS ,d ?ku QVq ydMh+ dk vklS ru eYw ; :0 250@& vkda k x;k gS tks fd :0 2750@& ifz r o{k gks tkrk gAS ;fn ,d gDS V;s j ea s 400 o{k iuidj ydMh+ nrs s ga S rks :0 11 yk[k ifz r gDS V;s j gks tkrh gS rFkk ’k)q ykHk :0 9000@& ifz r ekg] dos y dne ds iMs k+ a s ls gkrs k gS rFkk bl idz kj df"k Qlyka s ls dekbZ vfrfjDr gkrs h gAS

bl idz kj dg ldrs ga S fd dne df"k okfudh ds fy, ,d mi;Dq r ,oa ykHkdkjh itz kfr gAS bls yxkdj fdlkuka s dh vk; ea s fuf’pr :Ik ls dh tk ldrh c<k+ Ÿs kjh gS tks fd vkt dh ToyUr eka x gAS lkFk gh bldks u;s {k=s ka s ea s LFkkfir djus dh Hkh vko’;drk gS blds fy, bl itz kfr ij dkQh vulq /a kku dh vko’;drk gS ftlls bldh okfudh ds lHkh igyvq ka s dks tkuuk vko’;d gAS

lna HkZ

1. vjfona fctkyoku] euekgs u t0s vkj0] MkCs c;ky]

Hkkjrh; t0s d0s (2014) , ikVs fs U’k;y QkLV xkz fs oxa Vhª QkjW ,xkz s QkjW Ls Vh ,.M dkcuZ lhfDoLs V’s ku bu bf.M;k%

,UFkkfs lQys l dnEck (jkDs lcxkbZ )Z vefs jdu t0s

,xkz Qs kjW Ls Vh ,.M QkjW Ls Vh 2 (6) % 296&301

2. yuq k] vkj0d0s (1996) IykVa ’s ku Vhª t-1 chMh idz k’kd] ngs jknuw ] Hkkjr-

3. dnEc Hkk-ok-v-f’k-i- idz k’ku-

MkW0 pju flag oSKkfud&bZ

02

8

ijrh Hkwfe esa vk¡oys dh [ksrhjkechj flag] oSKkfud&Mh ,oa vuqHkk JhokLro] oSKkfud&lh

foLRkkj izHkkx] o-v-la-] nsgjknwu


gekjs n's k dk dyq HkkxS kfs yd {k=s ¼329 fefy;u gDS V;s j½

dk yxHkx 50 ifz r'kr {k=s ijrh Hkfw e ¼vdf"k] cta j]

{kkjh;] yo.kh;] vEyh;] vuiq tkÅ ,oa df"k ;kXs ; Hkfw e

vkfn½ ds vra xrZ gS ftldk i;koZ j.k] c<r+ h tul[a ;k

¼ekxa ½] vk"S kf/k;k]¡ rFkk [kk|kUu mRiknu dh nf"V ls

fodkl djuk vR;Ur vko';d gAS n's k dh mitkÅ Hkfw e

dh mojZ k 'kfDr ekuo tU; dkjdka s ls fnu&ifz rfnu

?kVrh tk jgh gAS oreZ ku ea s yxHkx 231 fefy;u Vu

[kk|kUu mRiknu ek= 144 fefy;u gDS V;s j mitkÅ

Hkfw e ls fd;k tk jgk gAS ftl ij yxHkx 110 djkMs +

tuekuo [kk| ifw rZ grs q vkfJr gAaS bl c<r+ h gbq Z tu o

Ik'kq l[a ;k ds fy, rFkk lhfer gkrs h gbq Z df"k ;kXs ; Hkfw e ea s

vkt ugha rks dy [kk|kUu] vk"S kf/k;k]¡ Ik'kpq kjk o b/Za ku

miyC/k djuk dfBu gks tk;xs kA

Eknk mRikndrk ea s deh ,oa cds kj Hkfw e dk gkus k ,d xHa khj

leL;k gAS tks fd ikuh o gok {kj.k] ouka s ds vkoj.k dks

gVkuk] ouHkfw e dk vf/kxgz .k rFkk vR;kf/kd ekuoh;

gLr{kis blds iez [q k dkj.k gAaS ftlls ouka s ij [kk|kUu]

vk"S kf/k;k]¡ Ik'kpq kjk o b/Za ku ds fy, vR;f/kd ck>s iM+ jgk

gAaS Ckkgs jk ¼1985½ ds vulq kj Hkkjr ea s yxHkx 12 fefy;u

Vu enk ifz r o"kZ cg dj u"V gks tkrh gAaS fo'o [kk| ,oa

df"k lxa Bu ds vulq kj Hkkjr ds dyq 329 fefy;u

gDS V;s j HkkxS kfs yd {k=s Qy ea s ls 167 fefy;u gDS V;s j {k=s

fdlh u fdlh idz kj dh v/kkxs fr ls iHz kkfor ga S A

ty {kj.k & 30-3 ifz r'kr

ok;q {kj.k & 16-8 ifz r'kr

{kkjh; o yo.kh; & 2-4 ifz r'kr

vFkkrZ ~ djhc 50 ifz r'kr Hkfw e v/kks xfr dks ikz Ir gbq Z gAaS

blh idz kj ifz r o"kZ djhc 2-1 gDS V;s j Hkfw e o{k foghu

gkds j v/kkxs fr dks ikz Ir gks jgh gAaS ijrh Hkfw e fodkl

mRiknu lfefr ¼NWDB½ us 120 fefy;u gDS V;s j ijrh

Hkfw e n'kk;Z h gAS ftlea s 40 fefy;u gDS V;s j txa y okys

Hkkx ea s ,oa 80 fefy;u gDS V;s j df"k {k=s ea s gAS ;fn âkl

blh xfr ls vkxs Hkh gkrs k jgk ;k blds icz /a ku ea s dkbs Z

ldkjkRed ifjoruZ u fd;s x;s rks Hkfo"; ea s [kk|kUu]

vk"S kf/k;k]¡ Qy] b/Za ku] dk"B ,oa i'kpq kjs vkfn dh xEHkhj

leL;k,a s mRiUu gks ldrh ga S A

Lka lk/kuka s ds vufq pr bLres ky ls bu enkvka s dh

mRikndrk iHz kkfor gkds j ijrh Hkfw e dk :i ys jgh gASa

;fn gklz blh xfr ls gkrs k jgk rks vkus okys fnuka s ea s dbZ

{k=s ka s ea s vdky Hkh iM+ ldrk gAS bl ijrh Hkfw e ds l/q kkj

o mfpr mi;kxs ds fy, vko¡ yk vk/kkfjr df"k okfudh gh

mi;Dq r fodYi gks ldrk gAS df"k okfudh i)fr;ka s ls

enkvka s dh HkkfS rd o jklk;fud n'kk ea s l/q kkj ykdj

ijrh Hkfw e dks df"k ;kXs ; Hkfw e ea s cnyk tk ldrk gAaS rFkk

vko¡ yka s dh [krs h dj mi;kxs ea s yk;k tk ldrk gAS

*

*; ikfj&iquZLFkkiu ou vuqla/kku dsanz] iz;kxjkt

02

9

fp=% vk¡oys dh [ksrh


vko¡ yk (Emblica officinalis) dh [krs h%

vko¡ ys dk oKS kfud uke Emblica officinalis gS rFkk bls Phyllanthus emblica ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gAS ;g Phyllanthaceae family dk ik/S kk gAS

fooj.k% vko¡ ys dk o{k lEi.w kZ Hkkjr ea s ’k"q d vkjS vfr ’k"q d voLFkkvka s dks NkMs d+ j lHkh txg ik;k tkrk gAaS ;g o{k NkVs s ;k e>kys s vkdkj dk 5-6 eh- Åp¡ k gkrs k gAS bldh Nky fpduh o /kfw ey gkrs h gAS ifRr;k¡ i[a knkj] gYdh gjh] i.kiZ krh gkrs h gAaS i"q Ik gj]s ihy]s >.q M ea s tks fd ifRr;k¡ okyh mi ’kk[kkvka s ea s uhps [kkyh Hkkx ea s yxs gkrs s gAaS Qy xkys kdkj rFkk xBq yh 6 ?kkfV;ka s okys rhu Hkkxka s ea sfoHkDr gkrs h gAaS ftlea s nks cht gkrs s gAaS

izkIr LFkku% vko¡ yk Hkkjr ea s yxHkx lHkh txg ik;k tkrk gAS ;g txa yks a ea s vf/kdrj ik;k tkrk gAS rFkk fgeky; ls Jhyda k ,oa eyDdk ls nf{k.kh phu rd bldh [krs h dh tkrh gAS ;g Hkkjr ea s ipz fyr gAS rFkk bldh mRrj inz ’s k ea s vk|S kfs xd [krs h Hkh dh tkrh gAS e[q ;r% ;g mRrj inz ’s k ds lYq rkuijq ftys dh Ålj Hkfw e ,oa vktex<]+ iRz kkix<]+ cukjl rFkk cjys h ftyka s ds yxHkx 200 gDS V;s j cxhpka s ea s Hkh ik;s tkra s gAS n’s k ds dNq vU; Hkkxka s rfeyukM]q vk/a kiz nz ’s k] jkTkLFkku] e/;inz ’s k ea s Hkh bldh vk|S kfs xd [krs h dh tkrh gAS

vkS"k/kh; mi;ksx% vko¡ ys dk mi;kxs ] ejq Cck] pVuh] teS ] vpkj] lhji vkfn inkFkZ r;S kj djus ea s gkrs k gAS vko¡ yk P;ouikz ’k vkjS f=Qyk uked vk;oq fZs nd vk"S k/kh;ka s dk iez [q k ?kVd gAS ikz phu xFza kka s ea s bls f’kok rFkk /kk=h dgk x;k gAS txa yh vko¡ yk] vk"S k/kh ds :Ik ea s vf/kd ykHknk;h ik;k x;k gAS bldh ifŸk;ka s dks Ik’kq vkgkj ds :Ik ea s Hkh mi;kxs fd;k tkrk gAS vko¡ yk fiRrToj] Lefr] {k;] vfrlkj] vth.k]Z e=w jkxs ] vkjS jDr inz j ds mipkj ea s Hkh mi;kxs fd;k tkrk gAS

eq[; jklk;fud vO;o% bldh ifŸk;ka s ea s [kfut ipz jq ek=k ea s miyC/k gASa ifŸk;ka s ea s jk[k 4-48] dfS Yl;e 1-93]] dkcuZ 47-99 vkjS ukbVktsª u 1-94 ifz r’kr ikbZ tkrh gAS vko¡ yk ea s foVkfeu lh ipz jq ek=k ea s ikbZ tkrh gAS ;g foVkfeu lh dk e[q ; lkz rs gkrs k gAS

d`f"k rduhd

Hkwfe ,oa tyok;q% ;g xeZ tyok;q dk o{k gAS bl ij yw ;k ikys dk dkbs Z iHz kko ugha gkrs k gS bls i.w kZ idz k’k

vko’;d gkrs k gAS ;g lHkh idz kj dh Hkfw e ea s mxk;k tk ldrk gAS ijrh Hkfw e] vEyh; ls {kkjh; ;k lkfs M;e ;Dq r Hkfw e ftldk ih+ ,p+ 5-5 ls 8-5 rd ea s Hkh iui ldrk gAS yfs du enk vPNh rjg ls Muªs gks tgk¡ ikuh u Hkjrk gks mi;Dq r jgrh gAS

iztkfr;k¡% bldh iez [q k itz kfr;k¡ cukjlh pdb;Z k Ýkflla ] d".kk] dpa u rFkk ujUs nz vko¡ yk g]aS ujUs nz vko¡ yk dh dbZ J.s kh ujUs nz vko¡ yk 5] ujUs nz vko¡ yk 6] 7] 8] 9] 10 rd fdLes a gAaS

xM~<ks dh rS;kjh% ik/S kk jkis .k ds yxHkx ,d ekg iow Z

xM<~ ks dks lVas hehVj ds cjkcj [kkns uk 45 45 45pkfg,A rFkk mlea s feVV~ h ds cjkcj&cjkcj xkcs j [kkn o jrs rFkk dNq dhVuk'kd nokbZ feykuk pkfg,A

jksi.k dk le;% bldk jkis .k tyq kbZ ls e/; flrEcj ;k Qjojh ls ekpZ rd gkrs k gAS

o`{kkjksi.k dh fof/k% vko¡ yk ds 50&70 l-s eh- yEcs o 1 ls 2 o"kZ vk;q ds ik/S kka s dks drkj es a ;k eMs + ij yxk;k

tkrk gAS ik/S ka s eMs + ij yxkus ds fy, 4 4 5 5eh- ;k eh- dh njw h ij yxk;k tk ldrk ga S rFkk Qly ds lkFk

ea s yxkus ij ik/S kka s ls ik/S kka s dh njw h de ls de eh- 5 5

;k eh- j[kuh pkfg, A 6 4

ikS/ksa-

1-½ cht }kjk%& v½ drkj ea s fNMd+ koa dh i)fr ls

Ck½ fMcfyxa i)fr lAs ,oa

2½ xkz f¶Va x }kjk %& v½ irz ki x<+ ¼m- i-z ½ c½ ou foHkkx dh uljZ h rFkk l½ lkekftd okfudh foHkkx ls Hkh ikz Ir dj ldrs gAS

Qly ds idus dk le;% vko¡ yk ds 3 ls 4 o"kZ ea s Qy fudyus yxrs ga S rFkk fnlEcj ls tuojh ea s ;g vPNh rjg ls idrk gAS ftlea ss vPNs x.q k gkrs s gAaS

mit% mRiknu dh nf"V ls vko¡ yk 5 ls 6 o"kZ ea s Qy nus s yxrk gAS vko¡ yk dh inS kokj yxHkx 50&60 fdyks ifz ro{k ifz r o"kZ gkrs h gAS ,d gDS V;s j ea s bldh mit yxHkx 20-22 Vu rd gks ldrh gAS

Ykkxr% vko¡ yk yxkus ds iFz ke 3 o"kZ ea s ik/S kk jkis .kh dk;]Z flpa kb]Z fujkbZ o j[kj[kko vkfn ds fy, yxHkx :0

02

10


50]000@gDS V;s j [kpkZ gkrs k gAS

vk;% dh yxHkx 20 Vu mit ls vk; :0 10 vko¡ yk ifz r fdyks vklS r nj ls :0 2]00]000 ifz r gDS V;s j ifz r o"kZ rd gks ldrh gAS

'kq) vko¡ ykykHk% ls :0 1]50]000 ifz r gDS V;s j ifz ro"k]Z yxHkx 8 ls 10 o"kka Zs rd ’k)q ykHk ys ldrs gAaS

bl idz kj fofHkUu ijrh Hkfw e;ka s ea s dNq cgmq nn~ 's kh; itz kfr;k¡ yxkdj df"k okfudh ds vUrxrZ dks vko¡ ykmxkdj mi;kxs ea s yk;k ,oa l/q kkjk tk ldrk gAS rFkk n's k ea s bl c<r+ h gbq Z [kk|kUu] Ik'kpq kjk] b/aZ ku ,oa vk"S kf/k;ka sdh ekxa dh Hkh ifw rZ dh tk ldrh gAS rFkk vkus okys bl lda V ls cpk tk ldrk gAS

lUnHkZ%

1- okgs jk ch0ch0 (1985) y.S M ,.M okVj% Voq kMlZ ,

ikfW ylh QkjW ykbQ&likVs Z flLVel (vda -2) buVds ] bf.M;u u’s kuy QkjW vkVZ ,.M dYpj gjS hVts VLª V

jkechj flag oSKkfud&Mh

02

11

ou vulq /a kku b&Z if=dk ds vkxkeh vda ka s ds idz k'ku grs q okfudh ls lca fa /kr viuh ekfS yd ,oa vidz kf'kr jpuk,a b&Z eys [email protected] irs ij Hkts us dk d"V djAas

jpuk,a ;FkklHa ko Vkbi dh gbq Z gk]as jpukdkj dk ijw k uke] in ,oa lia dZ fooj.k dk mYy[s k vifs {kr gAS

y[s kka s ea s 'kkfey Nk;kfp= rFkk vkd¡ Mk+ a s ls lca fa /kr vkj[s k Li"V gkus s pkfg,A

ou vulq /a kku b&Z if=dk ea s idz kf'kr jpukvka s ea s fufgr fopkjka s ds fy, lia knd eMa y vFkok fgna h vuHq kkx mÙkjnk;h ugha gkxs k vkjS blds fy, ijw h dh ijw h ftEens kjh Lo;a y[s kd dh gh gkxs hA

i;z Dq r Hkk"kk ljy] Li"V ,oa loq kP; fgna h Hkk"kk gkAs

y[s kdkas ds fy, fu;e&fun'Zs k%

l&vkHkkjlaiknd eaMy

ifjp;

mŸkj inz 's k dk oreZ ku ou rFkk o{k {k=s Qy ek= 9-18 ifz r'kr g]S tcfd ou uhfr ds vulq kj Hkw & Hkkx dk 33-0 ifz r'kr {k=s ou@o{k ls vkPNkfnr gkus k pkfg,A oreZ ku n'kk ea s —f"k okfudh gh bfPNr ou {k=s ikz Ir djus dk ,d ek= fodYi gAS iow hZ mŸkj inz 's k ea s —f"k okfudh dk Lrj if'Pkeh {k=s dh ryq uk es a ikz jfEHkd fLFkfr es a gAS iow hZ mŸkj inz 's k ds —f"k tyok;q {k=s ka ss ea s rjkbZ rFkk Ço/; {k=s ka ses a ikz —frd ou lEink iow hZ enS kuh {k=s dh ryq uk es a vPNh fLFkfr ea s gAS oreZ ku es a iow hZ {k=s ds vf/kdrj ftyka s dk ou {k=s yxHkx 1&2 ifz r'kr ds e/; gS tcfd dNq ftyks aea s 1-0 ifz r'kr ls Hkh de gAS ;dw fs yIVl] ikiW yj] 'kh'ke] lkxkuS ] ccyw ] vko¡ yk] cjs ] [kjS ] 'kgrrw vkfn iow hZ mRrj inz 's k ea s df"k okfudh dh e[q ; itz kfr;k¡ gASa blds vfrfjDr vke] uhe] egvq k] tkeuq ] ihiy] cjxn] iyk'k vkfn itz kfr;k¡ ckx cxhpk]as ?kj ds vkl & ikl ;k xko¡ dh vfrfjDr Hkfw e ij ik;h tkrh gASa

{k=s fo'k"s k ea s vkÆFkd ykHk ds dkj.k ;dw fs yIVl fdlkuka sdh LFkkfir itz kfr gAS ;g ikz —frd :i ls vkLVfsª y;k es aikbZ tkrh gS ;g rts h ls c<u+ s okyh lh/ks rus o gYds N=~ okyh itz kfr gAS mŸkj inz 's k ds iow hZ enS kuh {k=s es a;dw fs yIVl vk/kkfjr —f"k okfudh inz 'kuZ ekMW yka s dk fodkl dj uohu —f"k rduhdh ds ipz kj ilz kj }kjk {k=s fo'k"s k es a —f"k okfudh dk lrr~ fodkl fd;k tk ldrk gAS ;dw fs yIVl dh ydMh+ dh cktkj ea s cgrq ekxa gAS ;g ydMh+ IykboMq ] b/aZ ku rFkk dkxt cukus ds fy, yxq nh r;S kj djus ds dke vkrh gAS bldh ydMh+ QuhpZ j] ifS dxa ifs V;k]¡ cYyh rFkk fctyh ds [kHa ks o ckM+ yxkus ds dke Hkh vkrh gAS

Ñf"k okfudh esa ;wdsfyIVl

;dw fs yIVl ds o{k lhekUr Ñ"kd [krs dh eMs k+ a s ij rFkk y?kq vkjS fodflr fdlku [krs ea s Cykd jkis .k dj r;S kj fd, tk ldra s gAaS ikjEifjd rFkk vU; Qlyka s ds lkFk Hkh o{k rFkk Qly dh of) ux.; :i ls iHz kkfor gkrs h gS

A lkekU; cht ls r;S kj ik/S ks 7&8 o"kZ ea s rFkk Dykus y ik/S ks 5&6 o"kZ ea s r;S kj gks tkrs gAaS ;dw fs yIVl itz kfr ds mUur fdLe ds ik/S kka s dk p;u iow hZ mRrj inz ’s k ds Ñ"kdka s grs q ,d puq krS h gAS dNq Ñ"kdka s dks ;dw fs yIVl ds Dykus ik/S kka sds fo"k; ea s tkudkjh gS fdUrq {k=s fo'k"s k grs q mi;Dq r Dykuss dk p;u muds fy;s dfBu gAS

mŸkj izns'k ds iwohZ {ks=k esa ;wdsfyIVl —f"k okfudh vuqHkk JhokLro] oSKkfud&lh] vuhrk rksej] oSKkfud&bZ

vkyksd ;kno] oSKkfud&bZ ,oa ,l Mh 'kqDyk] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ikfj&iquLFkkZiu ou vuqla/kku dsaæ] iz;kxjkt


fp=&1 ,oa 2 % ;wdsfyIVl dk Cykd rFkk esM+ jksi.k

02

12


Ñ"kdka s grs q Ñf"kokfudh ds fofHkUu pj.k

1 Hkfw e ds {k=s Qy ds vk/kkj ij itz kfr;ka s dk p;u

2 enk ijh{k.k

3 Ñf"k okfudh mRikn ds fcØh ds volj

4 mRre x.q koRrk ds ik/S ks ikz Ir djuk

5 ik/S kk jkis .k rFkk j[k j[kko ds lEcU/k ea s rduhdh tkudkjh

6 mRikn dk fu"d"k.Z k rFkk cktkj ea s fcØh

ikS/kjksi.k

;dw fs yIVl ds ik/S k [krs ka s dh eMs k+ a s ea s 2&3 ehVj dh njw h ij yxkus pkfg,A [krs ka s dh eMs k+ a s ij ik/S kkjkis .k dh fn'kk iow Z if'Pke gks rkfd lÆn;ka s ea s jch dh Qly ij yxkrkj Nk;k u iMAs+ cta j vFkok de mitkÅ okyh Hkfw e ij

;dw fs yIVl dk l?ku o{kkjkis .k 2 eh- 2-5 eh- ds vra jky ij fd;k tkrk gAS drkjks a ds e/; nks o"kZ rd [krs h dh tk ldrh gS de mitkÅ Hkfw e ij Hkh vPNk ykHk feyrk gAS ;dw fs yIVl 46 fMxhz lfs Yl;l rkieku rd o 20 ls 125 les h0 rd okÆ"kd o"kkZ okys LFkkuks a es amx ldrk gAS xgjh ijr okyh ue feVV~ h o 6-5 ls 7-5 ih-,p- rd dh feVV~ h ;dw fs yIVl yxkus ds fy, mŸke gkrs h gAS gYds ty Hkjko okys {k=s ka s ea s Hkh ;dw fs yIVl mxk;k tk ldrk gS A

;dw fs yIVl dh ;dw fs yIVl VfS jfVdkjful] ;dw fs yIVl deYMyq fs Ull rFkk ;dw fs yIVl lda j itz kfr;k¡ inz 's k dh tyok;q ds vudq yw ikbZ xbZ gAaS lQns k yxkus dk lokŸZs ke le; ekuluw vkxeu ij tyq kbZ o vxLr ekg gAS flpa kbZ lfq o/kk miyC/k gks rks bls flrca j ls Qjojh rd Hkh yxk;k tk ldrk gAS lQns k yxkus ds fy, xÔka s dk

vkdkj 60 l-s eh- 60 l-s eh- 60 l-s eh- j[krs gAaS xÔs ds Åijh vk/kh feVV~ h ea s cjkcj ek=k ea s xkcs j dh xyh&lMh+ [kkn feyk ya s rFkk flpa kbZ dj nAas bu xÔka s ea s 25 fe-yh- dykjs kis kbjhQkls ikuh ea s feykdj ifz r xÔk MkyAas l?ku ik/S kjkis .k djuk gks rks ik/S ks ls ik/S ks rFkk ykbu ls ykbu dk Qklyk rhu ehVj j[kdj ik/S k yxk,Aa ukfy;ka s o lMd+ k]as jkLrka s ds fdukjs ik/S ks ls ik/S ks dh njw h rhu ehVj j[kAas igys nks lky rd ik/S kka s dh Bhd ls n[s kHkky djAas

igys nks o"kk± s rd fujkb&Z xMq k+ bZ djrs jgAas tyq kb&Z vxLr

ea s yxk, x, ik/S kka s ea s 20 xkz e ;fw j;k ifz r ik/S kk ikuh yxkus ls igys ik/S kjkis .k ds ,d ekg ckn MkyAas nlw js lky 50 xkz e] rhljs lky 100 xkz e ifz r ik/S kk nAas pkFS k]s ikpa o]as NBs lky ea s Hkh 100 xkz e ;fw j;k Mkyus ls ik/S ks vPNs c<r+ s gAaS ;fn ik/S ks flrca j ls Qjojh ea s yxkrs ga S rks igyh ckj [kkn vxyh tyq kbZ ea s nus k pkfg,A

lkekU; cht ls r;S kj ik/S ka s 7&8 o"kZ ea s rFkk Dykus y ik/S ks a5&6 o"kZ ea s r;S kj gks tkrs gAaS lQns k dh of) vkBoa s o"kZ rd gh gkrs h gAS 8&9 o"kZ ckn dVkbZ djk yAas cfYy;ka s ds fy, dVkbZ rhu lky ckn Hkh dj ldrs gAaS lQns s dh mit iMs k+ a s dh vkilh njw h] flpa kb]Z mojZ d rFkk fdLeka s ij fuHkjZ djrh gAS 7&8 o"kZ ds iMs + ls 4&5 dVaq y ydMh+ feyrh gAS lQns s dh Qly ,d ckj yxkus ls rhu ckj Qly yh tk ldrh gAS iMs k+ a s dh dVkbZ uoca j ls Qjojh rd djus ij dYys vPNs fudyrs gAaS

;wdsfyIVl dk"B dh fcØh

jkT; ou foHkkx ds fu;ekulq kj ;dw fs yIVl itz kfr;ka s dk dVku rFkk <yq ku ijfeV fcØh grs q vko';d ugha gAS mfpr nj ij o{k itz kfr;ka s dh fcØh mi;Dq r fcØh lkz rs ls dh tk ldrh gASS tlS s % ou fuxe] vkjk e'khu] IykboZ Mq @fouh;j m|kxs eas vU; dk"B m|kxs A IykboZ Mq @fouh;j m|kxs ea s e[q ; :i ls ;dw fs yIVl rFkk ikiyj itz kfr;ka s dk i;z kxs gkrs k gAS bl m|kxs ea s fcØh grs q 6&8 o"kZ dh r;S kj ydMh+ gh i;z kxs dh tkrh gAS ;dw fs yIVl ds o{k ds 52 bpa ds Vdq Ms + 18&50 bpa ekVs kbZ ds fouh;j m|kxs grs q mi;Dq r gkrs s gAaS ;dw fs yIVl dk oreZ ku cktkj eYw ; 550&650 :i;@s dVaq y gAS ifS dxa ckDW l m|kxs ea s Hkh ;dw fs yIVl dh fcØh dh tk ldrh gAS {k=s dh utnhdh vkjk e'khuka s ij fdlku o{kka s dh fcØh dj ldrs gAS blds vfrfjDr ou fuxe }kjk r;S kj fd;s ekudka s tlS s ekVs kbZ ds vk/kkj ij n;s eYw ; ls Hkh d"kd ikz FkuZ k i= nds j o{kka s dh fcØh dj ldrs gASa

O;ogkfjd rFkk oSKkfud egRo

—f"k okfudh lEcU/kh rduhdh Kku dk ipz kj ilz kj —f"k okfudh ds lrr~ fodkl es a lgk;d fl) gkxs kA

;dw fs yIVl dk fodkl gkus s ls dk"B vk/kkfjr m|kxs ks a ea s

02

13


dPps eky dh vkiÆw r ea s of) gkxs hA

—"kdks a ds vkÆFkd Lrj es a of) ds lkFk o{k ,oa ou vkoj.k vFkkrZ ~ i;koZ j.k dk fodkl gkxs kA

jkT; ds —"kdksa dks ykHk

—"kdka s grs q —f"k okfudh ds fodkl }kjk Hkw mi;kxs ds u;s vk;keka s dk fodkl gkxs kA o{k vk/kkfjr mRiknka s ea s Lo& mi;kxs ds lkFk vfrfjä mRikn dk foØ; dj vkÆFkd Lrj ea s l/q kkj gkxs kA jkT; ea s ipz kj ilz kj ifz 'k{k.k o inz 'kuZ h dk;ØZ eks a }kjk —f"k okfudh dk lrr fodkl gkxs kA ou rFkk i;koZ j.k ds Lrj ea s o{kkjkis .k ds ek/;e ls of) gkxs hA ;dw fs yIVl jkis .k }kjk —"kd 6&7 o"kkZ sa ds ckn

gh 1 gDs Vvs j {k=s ls Cykd ik/S kkjkis .k }kjk 2 2 ehVj dh njw h ij IykboZ Mq @ohfu;j m|kxs ks a es a foØ; djds yxHkx 40&45 yk[k :i;s dh jkf'k vÆtr dj ldrk gASa xkz eka s rFkk —"kdka s dk —f"k okfudh ekMW yks a ds jkis .k grs q puq ko rFkk ;dw fs yIVl vk/kkfjr fofHkUUk —f"k okfudh ekMW yka s dk p;fur LFkyks a ij LFkkiu ykHkdkjh gkxs kA ipz kj ilz kj dk;ØZ eka s ea s forj.k grs q lEcfU/kr fgUnh lkfgR; Hkh mi;kxs h gkxs k A

laLrqfr;k¡

{k=s fo'k"s k ea s —"kdka s grs q —f"k okfudh rduhd tlS s itz kfr;ka s dk mfpr p;u] o{k —f"k Qly ekMW yka s dh tkudkjh] enk ijh{k.k] o{k dk j[k j[kko] foi.ku] dVku rFkk <yq ku tlS s O;ogkfjd Çcnvq ks a dh mfpr tkudkjh vko';d g]S ;Fkk %

१- iow hZ enS kuh —f"k tyok;q {k=s ds ftyks a ea s —f"k okfudh dh oreZ ku fLFkfrA

२- inz 'kuZ —f"k okfudh ekMW yka s dk fodkl

३- ifz 'k{k.k rFkk inz 'kuZ dk;ØZ eka s ds ek/;e ls —"kdka s dks —f"k okfudh viukus grs q —f"k okfudh rduhd dk ipz kj rFkk ilz kjA

fu"d"kZ

iow hZ mŸkj inz 's k ds enS kuh {k=s ka s es a lhekra —"kdka s grs q —f"k okfudh dk fodkl vR;ra egRoi.w kZ gAS —f"k okfudh rduhd dk p;fur —f"k tyok;q {k=s ea s ifz 'k{k.k rFkk inz 'kuZ dk;ØZ e ds ek/;e ls ;dw fs yIVl dk ipz kj rFkk ilz kj {k=s fo'k"s k ds —"kdka s grs q vfr mi;kxs h gkxs kA iRz ;{k :i ls ;g —"kdka s ds fnu ifz rfnu ds mi;kxs ea s vkus okyh o{k vk/kkfjr vko';drkvka s dks i.w kZ djus ds lkFk muds vkÆFkd Lrj ea s of) djxs kA ou foHkkx ds ifz rfuf/k;k]as ftyk i'z kklu rFkk xkz e i/z kkuks a ds ek/;e ls ikz Ir ifj.kkek@sa vu'q kla k dks O;ogkfjd :i ls ykxw djus grs q cBS dks a dk vk;kts u djuk pkfg,A jk"Vª fgr es alfq uf'Pkr bfPNr o{k@ou ifz r'kr dks ikz Ir djus es a Hkh ;g lgk;d fl) gkxs k A

vuqHkk JhokLRkooSKkfud&lh

02

fp=&3 ,oa 4 % ;wdsfyIVl d`f"k okfudh ij izf’k{k.k ysrs gq, d`"kd

14

foxr dNq o"kkZ sa ls xkcs j [kkn ;k dkcfZ ud [kkn ds LFkku ij jlk;fud [kknka s dk i;z kxs vf/kd gks jgk g]S ftlls Hkfw e dh mojZ k 'kfDr de gkus s ds lkFk&lkFk Hkfw e ea s ik;s tkus okys ykHkdkjh tho tUrq rFkk cDS Vhfj;[email protected] ka sij foijhr iHz kko n[s kus dks feyk gAS jklk;fud [kknka s ds mi;kxs ls ’k:q vkr ea s [krs h dh mit ea s of) rks gbq Z yfs du vc ykHk dh vi{s kk udq lku gks jgk gAS vkt jklk;fud [kknka s rFkk dhVuk'kdka s ds gkfudkjd iHz kkoka sdks egllw fd;k tk jgk gS vkjS vc fodYi dpas vq k [kkn@oehZ dEikLs V ij 'kk/s k dh vko';drk ij tkjs fn;k tk jgk gAS jklk;fud [kknka s ds vf/kd mi;kxs ls tehu thok.kq foghu gkus s ds lkFk] mRikfnr [kk| inkFkZ ds [kkus ls vuds idz kj dh chekfj;k¡ tlS s dlaS j] e/keq gs ] ân;?kkr vkfn gks jgh ga S blfy;s vkt ykxs dkcfZ ud [kkn ds mi;kxs ls mRiUu lkx&lfCt;k]as vukt o Qyks adh ekx¡ dj jgs gAS jklk;fud [kknka s ds mi;kxs ls [krs h ea s ty [kir Hkh T;knk gkrs h gS ftlls flfa pr {k=s ka s ea si;koZ j.k inz "w k.k dh leL;k mRiUu gbq Z gS D;kfsa d jklk;fud [kknka s dk 25&30 ifz r'kr Hkkx gh Qlyka s }kjk mi;kxs ea s yk;k tkrk g]S ckdh cps dfS edy ikuh ds lkFk cgdj uhps tehu ea s pys tkrs ga S rFkk Hkfw exr ty dks inz fw "kr djrs ga S ftlls ikuh ea s ukbVVªs dh ek=k c<+ tkrh gS vkjS og ihus yk;d ugha jg tkrkA bu lc dkj.kka s ls dEikLs V [kkn dh vko’;drk egllw gks jgh gAS

iMs &+ ik/S ks rFkk i'kvq ka s ds vof'k"V inkFkkZ sa ls dEikLs V r;S kj fd;k tkrk gS mlh idz kj [krs h ls miyC/k vof'k"V inkFkkZ sa ls dEikLs V cukus grs q u;h ,oa mUur fof/k;k¡ [kkts h tkus yxh gAaS dEikfs LVxa ifz Ø;k ea s tfS od ,oa jklk;fud fØ;k,a lkFk&lkFk pyrh gASa tfS od fØ;k ds vUrxrZ ok;q dh mifLFkfr ea s fØ;k djus okys thok.kq rFkk vuiq fLFkfr ea s fØ;k'khy thok.kq nkus ka s gh viuh ifz Ø;k }kjk vof'k"V inkFkkZ sa dks dEikLs V cukrs gAaS bl ifz Ø;k ea srkieku ?kVkus rFkk c<k+ us dk /;ku j[kuk iMr+ k gAS mfpr ueh] ok;q ,oa dPps inkFkkZ sa ds feJ.k ds vuiq kr dk Hkh /;ku j[kuk iMr+ k gAS

dEikLs V ea s fofHkUu idz kj ds jklk;fud rRo l{w e thok.kvq ka s }kjk mRiUu fd;s tkrs gASa ,d vPNh dEikLs V [kkn ea s vf/kd ek=k ea s ik"s kd rRo ?kyq u'khy voLFkk ea sjgrs gASa l{w e thok.kvq ka s dks of) ds fy;s dkcuZ dh vko';drk gkrs h gS vkjS ikz Vs hu&l'a y"s k.k ds fy;s ukbVkª ts u dh vko';drk gkrs h gAS de ukbVkª ts u okys [kjkc vof’k"V inkFkZ ¼vuiq ;kxs h½ tlS s Qlyka s dk Hklw k] ljlka s dh rMq h+ ] xUus dh ifRr;k¡ o [kkbs ]Z dikl ds vo'k"s k vkfn ea s ikz Vs hu l'a y"s k.k dh fØ;k cgrq /kheh iM+ tkrh gS vkjS blds l'a y"s k.k ea s dkQh le; yxrk gAS

dEikLs V [kkn dk ,d iez [q k fodYi oehZ dEikLs V gS oehZ dEikLs V ds fuek.Z k ea s cMh+ egRoi.w kZ vkjS iez [q k Hkfw edk dpsa ,q dh gkrs h gAS dpsa ,q dks vxa tsz h Hkk"kk ea s oElZ dgrs gAaS dpas vq ka s ds ey dks oehZ dEikLs V dgk tkrk gAS blh idz kj O;ofLFkr <xa ls lMh+ xkcs j dh [kkn ds ek/;e ls ipkdj fuferZ dh x;h [kkn ifz Ø;k dks dpsa vq k toS ikz |s kfS xdh dgrs gAS ftlea s tfS od [kkn rFkk dpsa vq ka s dk mRiknu lkFk&lkFk gkrs k gAS oehZ dEikLs V uke ls ;g rduhd vc /khj&s /khjs c<+ jgh gS vkjS vc rks 'kgjka s ea s Hkh ykxs jlkbs Z ?kjka s ds dpjs vkjS vo'k"s kka s tlS s dkxt] lCth o Qyka s ds vo'k"s kka s dks dpsa vq ka s dh lgk;rk ls oehZ dEikLs V ea s cny jgs gASa dNq ykxs bl rduhd dks viukdj O;olkf;d Lrj ij Hkh ykHk mBk jgs gS a vkjS bl oehZ dEikLs V ;k dpas vq ka s dh [kkn dks :i;s 1000@& ifz r dUq Vy ds fglkc ls cps dj ykHk mBk jgs gASa

oehZ dEiksLV cukus gsrq vko';drk,¡ ,oa rS;kjh % oehZ dEikLs V mRiknu grs q fdlh Hkh txg bldh ;fw uV LFkkfir dh tk ldrh gAS oehZ dEikLs V r;S kj djus grs q NkVs h ls NkVs h o cMh+ ls cMh+ mRikfnr bdkbZ yxk;h tk ldrh gAS blds fy;s fdlh Hkh O;fDr }kjk cgrq FkkMs h+ txg ;k IykfLVd ds Vc ;k feVV~ h ds cM+ s cruZ bR;kfn ea s oehZ dEikLs V ;fw uV cuk;h tk ldrh gAS blds vfrfjDr ctjh] l[w kk ,oa xhyk dpjk oehZ dEikLs V ds dpsa ,q ikuh fNMd+ us ds fy;s >kjk rFkk <dus ds fy;s VkV ds diMs + ;k tVw dh ckfs j;k¡ rFkk vof'k"V inkFkZ dks

oehZ dEiksLV ¼dsapqvk [kkn½ Hkwfe ds fy;s ojnkuosniky flag] oSKkfud&lh

ou lao/kZu ,oa izcU/ku izHkkx] ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu


15


myVu&s iyVus ds fy;s ,d ykgs @s ydMh+ ds ita s dh vko';drk gkrs h gAS [kkn cukus okys dpas ,q jk's kuh ls Mjrs ga S vkjS ;s v/a kjs s ea s jguk ilUn djrs gASa ftlls dpas vq ka s ls [kkn vklkuh ls vyx dh tk ldrh gAS cMs +ieS kus ij oehZ dEikLs V cukus grs q tfS od inkFkkZ as tlS s Qlyka s ds vo'k"s kka s dks FkkMs k+ l[w kkdj vf/kd ek=k ea s r;S kj djuk gkrs k gS blea s Qlyka s ds vo'k"s kka s ds vfrfjDr] ckx ;k iMs + dh ifŸk;k]as ?kjys w dpjk] i'kvq ka s dk ey bR;kfn tks ifz rfnu dpjs ds :i es feyrk gS mlh fnu ls mlds l[w kus dh ifz Ø;k 'k:q dj nus h pkfg,A blds vfrfjDr jklk;fud fØ;kvka s }kjk Hkh bu vo'k"s kka s dks fu"iknu fd;k tk ldrk gS blea s mPp rkih; jklk;fud ifz Ø;k vFkok l{w e thok.kvq ka s }kjk bu dPps inkFkka Zs dk mipkj fd;k tk ldrk gAS blds vfrfjDr [kkn mRiknu grs q LFkku dk p;u djus ds fy, bl ckr dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd dPps eky] xkcs j vkfn dks ykus dk ekxZ vklku gk]s rFkk ogk¡ ikuh ugha Hkjrk gk]s lkFk gh /kiw ,oa o"kkZ ls cpko dh Hkh O;oLFkk gkAs dPp@s iDdk Q'kZ tehu ls 20&25 les h0 Åp¡ k mBk gkus k pkfg,A dPps Q'kZ dk nhed ,oa phVh ls mipkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A uhe dh [kyh dk mi;kxs mipkfjr grs q fd;k tk ldrk gAS mfpr ueh ,oa rkieku cukus dk icz U/ku gkus k pkfg,A ikuh o ikbi ds icz U/ku grs q ikuh dh Vda h o ikni oehZ dEikLs V ds mRiknu grs q vko';d gAS ikuh dh miyC/krk [kkn dh bdkbZ ds utnhd gkus h pkfg,A

dsapqvk [kkn cukus dh fof/k %& dpas vq k [kkn cukus ds fy, Nk;knkj LFkku dh vko';drk gkrs h gS rkdh rts /kiw ,oa o"kkZ ls cpk;k tk ldAs ;g LFkku [kyq h txg ij Hkh gks ldrk gS c'krZ s dMh+ /kiw o cjlkr ls cpkus grs q >kis Mh+ cukbZ tk ldrh gAS >kis Mh+ cukus grs q ckl¡ dh pVkbZ dk bLres ky fd;k tk ldrk gAS ftl vif'k"V inkFkZ ls vFkok Qlyka s ds vo'k"s kka s ls [kkn r;S kj dh tkuh gk]s mlls dkp¡ iRFkj vFkok iFkjhys inkFk]Z /kkrq ds Vdq Ms +vkfn dks fudky nus k pkfg,A tehu ds Åij D;kjh r;S kj dj bls lery cuk yus k pkfg,] bl lery tehu ij 6&7 les h0 jrs dh irZ fcNk;]sa fQj ckyw ;k jrs hyh feVV~ h ds Åij 15 les h0 ekVs h nkes V feVB~ h dh ijr fcNk;Asa nkes V feVB~ h u feyus ij dkyh feVB~ h vFkok jk[k fcNkbZ tk ldrh gAS bl ijr ds Åij vklkuh ls vi/kfVr gkus s okys inkFkZ tlS s ukfj;y dk j's kk] /kku dh ivq ky ;k xUus dh ifŸk;k]¡ Tokj ;k eDdk

ds rus ds vo'k"s k o lfCt;ka s ds MBa y l[w kh ifŸk;k¡ ;k jlkbs Z ?kj dk dpjk bR;kfn dh 6&7 les h0 ekVs h ijr cuk;a s o blds Åij ¼2&3½ fnu dk ijq kuk 6&8 les h0 xkcs j MkyAas bl xkcs j ds Åij djhc 100 oxZ QhV dh D;kjh ij 3&4 gtkj dpas ,q QyS k;As dpsa vq ka s ds QyS kus ds ckn mlds Åij xkcs j] iŸkh dh 12&15 les h0 ekVs h lrg cukdj bldks ekVs h VkV iVV~ h ;k tVw dh ckfs j;ka s ls <d nus k pkfg,A >kjs ls ifz rfnu bl idz kj ikuh yxkuk pkfg, fd yxHkx 50&60 ifz r'kr ueh cuh jgAs xehZ ds fnuka s e]as fnu ea s nks ckj rFkk lfn;Z ka s ea s ,d ckj ikuh nus s dh vko';drk gkxs h] T;knk ikuh nus s ls ok;q vo:) gks ldrh gS bl ckr dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd D;kjh dk

rkieku 25&30 C ds vkl&ikl jguk pkfg,A lIrkg es a0

,d ckj D;kjh dk dpjk Åij uhps cnyrs jga s o xkcs j dBkjs gks x;k gks rks gkFk ls rkMs + nus k pkfg,A 40&45 fnu ckn ikuh fNMd+ uk cUn dj nAas yxHkx 45 fnu ds ckn [kkn r;S kj gks tkrh gS bls fudkya s vkjS NkVs &s NkVs s <j+s cuk;a s rkfd dpas ,q fupyh lrg ij gh jgAas bl idz kj r;S kj [kkn pk; ds ikmMj tlS k fn[krk gAS

[kkn ge's kk gkFk ls vyx djs ;k fudky]as QkoMk+ ;k [kjq ih ;k vU; udq hyh oLrvq ka s dk i;z kxs u djAas dpas ,q ;fn vf/kd c<+ tk;a s rks vk/ks dpas vq ka s ls iuq % mlh txg ij blh idz kj [kkn cuk;a s ;k ubZ D;kfj;k¡ cukdj Hkh [kkn cuk ldrs gASa r;S kj [kkn dks 3 fe0eh0 O;kl dh tkyh ls Nku ya s rkfd dpas ,q ds dkds uw ,oa NkVs s dpas ;q a s[kkn ls vyx gks tk;Aas vkjS bu NkVs s dpas vq ka s vFkok dkds uw dks fQj ls de vi?kfVr dkcfZ ud inkFkZ ea smi;kxs fd;k tk ldrk gAS bl idz kj dpas vq k tfS od [kkn ¼oehZ dEikLs V½ r;S kj gks tkrk gS vkjS bldk i;z kxs [krs h ea s fd;k tk ldrk gAS oehZ dEikLs V cukus ds fy, dpas ,q dh vkblZ fs u;k] ;fw Myl ifs jvkfiDl vkfn itz kfr;k¡ dke es a yh tk ldrh gASa

dsapq, dh [kkn dh fo'ks"krk;sa o mi;ksfxrk %& dpas ,q dh [kkn ea s cncw ugha vkrh rFkk eD[kh o ePNj Hkh ugha vkrs blea s l{w e rRoka s ds lkFk ukbVtsª u 2-5&3 ifz r'kr] QkLQkjs l 1&1-5 ifz r'kr o ikVs k'k 1-5 ls 2 ifz r'kr rd feyrk gS bl [kkn ea s dpsa vq ka s dk ey ¼tks fd ,d vPNh x.q koŸkk dk áew l½ gkrs k gS lkFk gh blea smi;Dq r gkekUZs l] vkDW thUl o ,UVhck;kfs VDl o ,Utkbe gkrs s ga S tks ik/S kka s dh of) ds fy, lgk;d gkrs s ga S bldh

02

16


x.q koŸkk xkcs j dh [kkn dh vi{s kk 6&10 ifz r'kr T;knk gkrs h gS blea s fo|rq vkofs 'kr (E.C.) d.k gkrs s ga S tks ik/S kka sdks enk ls ik"s kd rRo yus s ea s lgk;d gkrs s gASa ;g feVV~ h ea s gok dk lpa kj rFkk vkokxeu c<k+ us es a lgk;d gkrs k gS ftlls enk ea s ty l/a kkj.k {kerk ea s of) gkrs h ga S rFkk ty fudklh ea s l/q kkj gkrs k gAS bl [kkn dks dEikLs V dh vi{s kk de le;] yxHkx 45 fnu yxrs ga S vkjS blea si;kIZ r ueh gkus s ds dkj.k l{w e thok.kvq ka s dh xfrfof/k;k¡ ektS nw jgrh ga S ftlls ik/S kka s dk vko';d ik"s kd rRo ikz Ir gkus s dh xfr c<r+ h tkrh gAS

oehZ dEikLs V [kkn dk mi;kxs Qly of) ds le;] dYys QVw us ds le; rFkk nkuk c<u+ s ds le; Hkh fd;k tk;s rks Hkh mi;kxs h gkrs k gAS bl [kkn ds mi;kxs ls xkcs j dh [kkn Mkyuk cUn dj nus k pkfg,] ftlls [kjirokj de ,oa fujkb&Z xMq k+ bZ ds [kpZ ea s cpr gkrs h gAS

bl [kkn ls Hkfw e dh x.q koŸkk ea s l/q kkj vkrk gS rFkk Qly LoLFk gkus s ls ik/S k]as jkxs ,oa dhV ifz rjk/s kh gkds j fodflr gkrs s ga S rFkk [kjirokj Hkh de inS k gkrs s gASa blls ifŸk;ka sdk jxa f[ky tkrk gS Qyw ka s ds vkdkj] jxa ,oa ped ea sviRz ;kf'kr l/q kkj gkds j inS kokj c<+ tkrh gAS vk"S k/kh; ik/S kka s dh of) ds fy, ;g [kkn lokŸZs ke gkrs h gS bl [kkn dk i;z kxs ou o{kka s ds o/kuZ grs q rFkk xeyka s ds ik/S kka s grs q Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gAS dpas vq k [kkn ls cta j Hkfw e l/q kkj rFkk Hkfw e dh ueh dh leL;k dk funku Hkh gkrs k gAS dpas ,q gkfudkjd thok.kvq ka s dks [kkdj mUga s ykHknk;d thok’e ea s ifjofrrZ dj nrs s ga S blds mi;kxs ls jklk;fud mojZ dka s ij fuHkjZ rk de gkus s ls fdlku dh ykxr ea s deh vkrh gAS

osniky flagoSKkfud&lh

02

17

yMs h cMZ chfVyl~ ] dhV txr ea s ,d fo'k"s k LFkku j[krs gAaS bl lenq k; ds lHkh lnL;ka s dks dkfs y;kIs Vjs k x.k rFkk dksDlhusfYyMh ifjokj ea soxhdZ r fd;k x;k gAS bl ifjokj dh ijw s fo'o ea syxHkx 6 g t k j Á t k f r ; k ¡ ik;h tkrh ga S¼ d i w j ] 1955½A Hkkts u xgz .k ioz fRr ds vk/kkj ij bl ifjokj ds lnL;ka s dks mioxZ ikys hQxs k ea s oxhdZ r fd;k x;k gAS Hkkjro"kZ rFkk blds vkl&ikl ds iMk+ ls h n's kka s ea s yxHkx 550 ls Hkh T;knk yMs h cMZ itz kfr;ka s ds gkus s dk mYy[s k feyrk gAS bl ifjokj ds lnL;ka s dks 7 iez [q k miifjokjka sea s % LVkbdkys kfs Muh] dkbykds kfs juh] Ldhfeuh] dkds lhM;fw yuh] dkds flufss Yyfuuh] ,ihyds fuuh rFkk vkVs fZs yuh ea s foHkkftr fd;k x;k gASs bl ifjokj dh yxHkx 90 ifz r'kr ls T;knk itz kfr;k]¡ ukf'k dhVka s ds fu;=a .k ea s viuk egRoi.w kZ ;kxs nku nrs h gS a ¼feJk ,.M ;lw Qq ] 2019½A

tfS od fu;=a .k ea s dkDs lhufs YYkM chfVyl~ dk lQy i;z kxs cgrq igys ls fd;k tk jgk gAS Hkkjr ea s Hkh fofHkUu dhVky;ka s ea s yMs h cMZ chfVyl~ dh iez [q k itz kfr;ka s ds cgxq .q ku] loa /Z ku] vkfn ij tkjs fn;k tk jgk gAS n's k ea sbudk O;kolkf;d Lrj ij Hkh fodkl fd;k tk jgk gAS jk"Vhª ; dhV lla k/ku C;jw k]as cxaS ykjS ] dukVZ d ea s Hkh dkDs lhufs YYkM chfVyl~ dh iez [q k itz kfr;ka s dk O;olkf;d loa /Z ku fd;k tk jgk gASs yMs h chfVyl~ dh itz kfr;k¡ tlS s fdIz Vkys es l ekVas js kts js h] Ldheul dkDs lhokjs k] dkbykds kjs l fuxhz Vk] ehukds kbyl

lDs edS yq Vs l] cewz kbs fMl lpw jq fs yl rFkk D;fw jul dk:s fy;l vkfn dks O;olkf;d rkjS ij tfS od fu;=a .k ds fy;s cgxq .q ku ,oa loa /Z ku fd;k tk jgk gAS tks fdlkuka s,oa 'kk/s k ds fy, miyC/k ga S ¼i.w khZ ,.M Fkxa tes ] 2019½A

dkDs lhufs YYkM chfVyl~ dh O;kidrk gkus s ds dkj.k] idz fr ea s ukf'kdhVka s ds jkds Fkke gkrs h gAS Hkkjr ,d df"k i/z kku n's k gAS vf/kdrj ykxs viuh thfodk ds fy, df"k dk;kZ sa ij vk/kkfjr gASa Qlyka s ea s fofHkUu idz kj ds jkxs ka srFkk ukf'kdhVka s ls Qlyka s dh gkfu gkrs h gAS bl idz kj mRiknu dks {kfr igp¡q rh gAS ftlls fdlkuka s dh vk; ?kV tkrh gAS vf/kdk'a k Qlyka s ea s jklk;fud dhVuk'kdka s dk v/a kk/k/aq k i;z kxs fd;k tk jgk gASs ftlls ekuo lekt gh ugha vfirq i;koZ j.k dks Hkh Hkkjh {kfr igp¡q jgh gAS ftldk n"q ifj.kke gea s vius thou ea s n[s kus dks fey jgk gAS yMs h chfVyl~ ]ukf'k dhVka s dks [kkrs ga S rFkk Qlyka s dks gkus s okyh {kfr dks de djrs gAaS ijUrq nHq kkXZ ;o'k jklk;uka s ds vR;kf/kd i;z kxs ds dkj.k n"q ifj.kke Lo:i budh egRoi.w kZ itz kfr;ka s dk vfLrRo Hkh [krjs ea s gS ¼dijw ] 1972½A

lewg ,drk% yMs h cMZ chfVyl ea s legw ,drk ik;h tkrh gAS yMs h cMZ chfVyl~ vf/kdk'a k :i ea s legw ds lkFk jgrh gAS dHkh&dHkh rks ;g yMs h cMZ chfVyl~ vius ifjokj ds vU; lnL;ka s ds lkFk ik;h tkrh gAaS lHkh ,d lkFk n[s ks tk ldrs s gS arFkk ukf'k dhVka sdks Hkh legw ea s?kjs dj cMs + pko ls [kkrs gAaS ;s chfVyl~ legw ea sjgrs g,q ] vius tkfr ds lnL;ka s ds lkFk legw ,drk dk mnkgj.k iLz rrq djrs gAaS legw ea s jgus ls yMs h cMZ

dksDlhusfYYkM chfVyl~ dh izeq[k iztkfr;k¡ rFkk mudkokfudh esa tSfod fu;a=k.k esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku

vf[kys'k dqekj feJk] 'kks/k Nk= rFkk MkW0 ekS0 ;wlq+Q] oSKkfud&th ou dhV foKku 'kk[kk] Oku laj{k.k izHkkx]



ysMh chfVy] ukf'k dhV ekgw ¼,fQM~l½

dk Hk{k.k djrs gq,

ysMh cMZ chfVyl esa lewg ,drk

02

18


chfVyl~ ds ijHk{kh tlS s vU; cMs + ijHk{kh dhV ,oa fpfM;+ ka vkfn ls Hkh viuh ljq {kk djrs gASa

jax cgq:irk% yMs h chfVyl ea s jxa cg:q irk ,d fof'k"V rFkk egRoi.w kZ y{k.k inz f'krZ djrh gASa flj] o{k rFkk mnj ij fofHkUu jxa ka s rFkk /kkfj;ka s ls ,d fof'k"V idz kj dh dykdfr cukrh gASa viuh jxa ka s dh cg:q idrk rFkk jkps drk ds dkj.k gh dhV txr ea s bUgkuas s fof'k"V LFkku ikz Ir fd;k gAS vius jxa cg:q irk ds dkj.k gh oxhdZ j.k oKS kfudka s us buds jxa ka s ds vk/kkj ij tkfr;ka s ds uke fn;s gASa tlS &s dkds fluYs yk lIs Ves idaq VVs k tkfr ds lHkh lnL; ijw s fo'o ea s yMs h chfVyl ea s jxa cg:q irk ik;s tkrs gAS bl itz kfr ds mnj Hkkx ij vxz i[a kka s ij lkr xkys kdkj jxa dh vkd`fr;ksa ds dkj.k gh bldk u k e dk sdflu sYyk lsIV sei q adV sV k j [ k k x ; k ¼vgen ,o a vU;] 2001½A ehuk sdkbyl lsDlesdqysVl] V<s h+ &e<s h+ /kkjh okyh itz kfr ds uke ls ykxs ka s ea s ipz fyr gAS blds 'kjhj ds mnj Hkkx ij iRz ;ds vxz i[a k ij V<s h&e<s h+ /kkfj;k¡ rFkk xkys /kCcs ik;s tkrs gASa

Okkrkoj.kh; n'kkvk]as vuoq kfa 'kdh rFkk ijHk{kh ls j{kk ds dkj.k yMs h chfVyl~ cg:q idrk dks inz f'krZ djrh gASa ,d itz kfr dks vius jxa cg:q idrk ds dkj.k gh dhV oKS kfud Hkh igpku ugha dj ikrs ¼i.w kh]Z 2002½A ijUrq cg:q idrk gkus s ij Hkh itz kfr;k¡ viuh eyw voLFkk ea sjgrh gAaS oKS kfudka s rFkk i;koZ j.kfonk~ a s us jxa ka s dh cg:q idrk ds fofHkUu dkj.k crk;s gAaS tlS &s cnyrh okrkoj.kh; n'kk,]a ofS 'od rkieku] tyok;q ifjoruZ ] inz "w k.k bR;kfn gASa dkds fluYs yk vuMfs leidaq VVs k tkfs d X;kjg xkys kdkj /kCcka s okyh yMs h chfVyl gAaS vxiz [a k ij X;kjg xkys kdkj /kCcs ijw s i[a kka s ij llq fTtr jgrs gAaS vMfs y;k ckbidaq VVs k ds mnj Hkkx ij vofLFkr vxz i[a kka sij nks dkys /kCcs ik;s tkrs gAaS bldks lkekU;r% nks /kCcka sokyk yMs h chfVyl dgrs gAS fgIikMs fs e;k ojS hxVs k dks Hkh jxa fcjxa k] fprdcjk yMs h chfVy dgrs gASa bl itz kfr ea s

Hkh jxa ka s dh O;kid cg:q idrk n[s kus dks feyrh gAS vxiz [a kka s ij fofHkUu vkdkj ds ijLij /kCcka s rFkk ifVV~ ;ka sds feyus ls lnaq j vkdfr;k¡ cu tkrh gASa tks n[s kus ea scgrq gh vkdf"krZ fn[kk;h iMr+ h gAaS fgukls fs iyds uk okbftfUV;kvas kDs Vkis daq VVs k tkfs d vVB~ kbl dkys /kCcka sokyk iRrhHk{kd yMs h chfVyl gAS blds iRz ;ds vxiz [a k ij pknS g dkys /kCcs ik;s tkrs ga S rFkk 'kjhj l{w e lQns jxa dh ckyka s tlS h lja puk ls <dk jgrk gAS blea s Hkh /kCcka s dh l[a ;k de ;k T;knk gkrs h gAS ;g ijw s Hkkjr o"kZ ea s lkys us ls h dyq ds ik/s kka s ij cgrq k;r l[a ;k ea s ik;s tkrs gAaS bl itz kfr dk]s okfudh ds {k=s ea s ikiW yj rFkk vU; iMs k+ a s dh itz kfr;ka s ds uohu iYyoka s dks Hk{k.k djrs g,q Hkh n[s kk tk ldrk gAS

Hkkstu% yMs h chfVyl dks e[q ;r% rhu iez [q k Hkkxka s ea sHkkts u ds vk/kkj ij foHkkftr fd;k x;k gAS ;g ijHk{kh] iRrhHk{kd rFkk dod Hk{kh gkrs s gAaS vf/kdk'a k yMs h chfVyl~ ijHk{kh ioz fRr ds gkrs s gS a ¼lnjyMaS ,.M ijys k] 2009½A ;g vius Hkkts u ds :i ea se k g w ] lQ s n eD[kh] fefycx r F k k v U ; N k s V s & N k s V s eyq k;e dhVka s dks [kkrs gAaS blh dkj.k ls bUga sfdlkuka s dk fe= Hkh dgk tkrk gAS

,d fdonUrh ds vulq kj fdlkuka s us ,d nos h ls oj ekxa k FkkA nos h us ilz Uu gkds j fdlkuka s dks yMs h chfVyl~ dks ojnku LOk:i fn;kA yMs h chfVyl~ fofHkUu idz kj ds gkfudkjd dhVka s dk Hk{k.k djds fdlkuka s dh Qlyka s dks gkus s okys udq lku dks cpkrh gAaS NkVs &s NkVs s dhV tks ifRr;k]as M.Byka s rFkk Qyw ka s dk jl plw dj udq lku igp¡q krs gASa ftlls iMs &+ ik/S kka s dk fodkl vo:) gks tkrk gAS ijUrq yMs h chfVyl~ NkVs &s NkVs s dhVka s tlS s ekg]w lQns eD[kh] Ldys dhV dks cMs ++ pko ls [kkrh gS a rFkk ukf'k dhVka sds fu;=a .k ea s viuk ;kxs nku nrs h gASa tfS od fu;=a .k ea sijHk{kh yMs h chfVyl dk vfHkUu ;kxs nku gAS foxr dbZ o"kkZ sa ls ijHk{kh dhVka s dk loa /Z ku ,oa cgxq .q ku djds tfS od fu;=a .k dh fØ;k fof/k ea s lfEefyr fd;k tk jgk gAS

ysMh chfVyl esa jaxcgq:irk

ysMh chfVyl] ukf'k dhV ekgw ¼,fQM~l½

dk Hk{k.k djrs gq,

02

19


ftlls df"k ds {k=s ea s gh ugha vfirq okfudh] df"k okfudh] Qyw ka s dh [krs h ,oa ckxokuh ea s Hkh lQy i;z kxs ykHkdkjh fl) g,q gAaS

f}rh; idz kj ds yMs h chfVyl~ iRrhHk{kd ;k r.kHk{kh gkrs s gASa buds ykoZ s rFkk o;Ld iMs &+ ik/S kka s dh NkVs h&NkVs h uohu iYyoka s dks [kkrh gASa bl legw ds chfVyl~ dks mi ifjokj ,is hyds fuuh ea s j[kk x;k gAS bl miifjokj ds lnL;ka s ea s ijw s fo'o ea s yxHkx ,d gtkj itz kfr;k¡ ik;h tkrh gSaA Hkkjr o"kZ es a fgukslsfiysduk okbftfUV;kvas kDs Vkis daq VVs k] ,fs iyds uk lIs Vhek vkfn iRrhHk{kd itz kfr;k¡ cgrq k;r ea s feyrh gASa fgukls fs iyds uk o'a k ds yMs h fcfVyl dks gMM~ k chfVyl Hkh dgrs gAaS dNq chfVyl Qyw ka s ds ijkx d.kka s rFkk chtka sdks Hkh [kkrs gASa mnkgj.k C;fw y;k o'a k ds yMs h chfVyl~ ¼Vketos Ls dk ,.M ltok;uZ ] 2010½A

rrh; idz kj ds yMs h chfVyl~ dod Hk{kh gkrs s gAaS bu chfVyl~ dks ,d fo'k"s k legw ea s oxhdZ r fd;k gySs ftuh x;k gAS ;g ifRr;k]s a Nkyka s rFkk ruka s ij fofHkUu idz kj dh itz kfr;ka s dks [kkrh gASa bl legw ds lnL; ykoZ s rFkk o;Ld] dodka s dks cMs + pko ls Hk{k.k djrs gASa dodHk{kh itz kfr;ka s ea s e[q ;r% vkbfyl flDa Vk rFkk vkbfyl bf.Mdk iez [q k gAaS okfudh {k=s ea s fofHkUu iMs k+ a s ij tlS &s 'kh'ke] lky rFkk cjxn vkfn o{kka s ij] e[q ; :i ls dodka s ij viuk Hk{k.k djrh gAaS dHkh&dHkh Hkkts u ds vHkko ea s ijHk{kh yMs h chfVyl~ itz kfr ds dhV tlS s cezw kvs kbfMl lpw js fs yl ikz ;% ekgw rFkk Qyw ka s ds ijkxd.kka sij Hk{k.k djrh gASa

fodkloknh rFkk oxhdZ h oKS kfudka s dks yMs h chfVyl~ ds ijLij Hkkts u xgz .k djus dh ioz fRr ds vk/kkj ij uohu itz kfr;ka s dk mnH~ ko gkus s ds iez k.k feys gAaS

thou pØ rFkk 'kkjhfjd cukoV% yMs h chfVyl~ dk thou pØ v.Mk] ykok]Z I;iw k rFkk o;Ld voLFkkvka s ea sfoHkkftr gkrs k gAS v.Ms xkys kdkj rFkk ijoyh;dkj lQns ] Hkjw s rFkk ihys jxa ka s ds gkrs s gASa v.Ms ikz ;% legw ea sgkrs s gASa ;g ifRr;k]as Nkyka s rFkk Vgfu;ka s ij feyrs gAaS eknk o;Ld nl ls lkS rd v.Ms nrs h gAS v.Ms ikl&ikl ea s ,d nlw js ls utnhd rFkk vkil ea s fpids jgrs gAaS yMs h chfVyl~ ds ykoZ s ,d fof'k"V vkdkj ds ikz ;% NkVs s ?kfM;+ ky rFkk exj dh rjg irz hr gkrs s gASa ykoZ sdk 'kjhj [k.Mka s ea s cV¡ k gkrs k gAS flj xkys kdkj rFkk pkMS k+ gkrs k gAS 'kjhj ds Åijh Hkkxka s ij ikz ;% fofHkUu idz kj ds dkV¡ ka s tlS h lja puk,a ik;h tkrh gASa o{k rFkk mnj ds Hkkxka s ea s rhu tkMs h+ ijS ik;s tkrs gAaS 'kjhj ds ijw s fgLlka s ij udq hys dkV¡ s tlS h ljpa uk,a gkrs h gAaS fofHkUu jxa ka s ds tlS s yky] ihys rFkk dkys jxa ds /kCcs Åijh lrg ij fo'k"s k vkdfr;ka s dk ltu djrs gASa ;g iRz ;ds tkfr ds yMs h chfVyl~ ykoka Zs dk fof'k"V y{k.k gkrs k gAS udq hys dkV¡ s dh lja puk ls ;g nlw js l{w e dhVka s tlS s ekgw vkfn ij gfFk;kj dh rjg i;z kxs djrs gAaS dkV¡ s dh vkdfr ds dkj.k gh nlw js ijHk{kh dhVka s ls LOk;a dh j{kk Hkh djrs gASa

yko]Zs v.Mka s ls fudydj loiZ Fz ke ftu v.Mka s ls fudyrs g]Sa [kkyh v.Mka s ds [kkys ka s dk Hk{k.k djrs gAaS rRi'pkr~ vU; NkVs &s NkVs s eyq k;e ukf'k dhVka s dk Hk{k.k djrs gASa dHkh&dHkh ykoZ s nlw jh itz kfr;ka s ds v.Mka s dk Hkh Hk{k.k djrs gAaS

yMs h chfVyl~ Ok;Ld] xkys kdkj ,oa v.Mkdkj ds gkrs s gAaS ;g fofHkUu jxa ka s dh ifVV~ ;k]as /kCcks a rFkk /kkfj;ka s vkfn ls ,d fo'k"s k idz kj dh vkdfr dk ltu djrs gAaS tks n[s kus ea s cgrq gh euekgs d gkrs h gAS fofHkUu itz kfr;ka s ea s jxa ka s dh cg:q irk O;kid :i ls ik;h tkrh gAS yMs h chfVyl~ dk vkdkj 3-0 feeh0 ls 12-0 feeh0 rd gkrs s gASa dNq itz kfr;k¡ tks yky edMh+ dks [kkrh gAaS ,d fo'k"s k idz kj dh yMs h cMZ chfVyl~ gkrs h gASa budk vkdkj cgrq gh l{w e gkrs k gAS buds 'kjhj dh eki yxHkx 3-0 feeh0 yEckbZ rFkk 2-0 feeh0 pkMS k+ bZ gkrs h gAS ;g vf/kdrj dkys jxa dh gkrs h gAaS budk flj] o{k rFkk okg;~ i[a kka s dk Åijh Hkkx lQns jxa ds ckyka s dh lja puk ls i.w kZ :i ls

ysMhchfVy~l dk thou pØ rFkk 'kkjhfjd cukoV

v.Mk] ykokZ] I;wik rFkk o;Ld

02

20


vkPNkfnr gkrs k gAS

jklk;fud izfrj{kk% ikz ;% ge tc fdlh yMs h chfVyl~ dks idMr+ s gS a rks og ,d fo'k"s k idz kj dk ihys jxa dk inkFkZ lkz for djrh gAS ;g jlk;u] yMs h chfVyl~ vius ifz r j{kk ds fy, lkz for djrh gAS ;g ,d jklk;fud ,Ydys kbM gkrs k gAS bl ,Ydkys kbM ea s ghekfs yEQ Hkh ;Dq r jgrk gAS bl jklk;u ea s ukbVkª ts u gkus s dh ifq "V 'kk/s kka s }kjk gbq Z gAS pf¡w d ykoZ s rFkk o;Ld ea s Li'k&Z l=w ] v/kkgs uq rFkk tfa Hkdk vkfn ls 'k=vq ka s dks igpku yrs k gAS ijUrq vpkud ncko ;k vkØe.k ls fo'k"s k idz kj dh xU/k;Dq r jklk;u dks lkz for djrh gAS ;g ,d idz kj dk vudq j.k gS ftlls ijHk{kh ls chfVyl~ Lo;a dh j{kk djrh gAS

Hkkstu dh fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;k¡% ikz ;% yMs h chfVyl~ viuh okLrfod voLFkkvka s ea s ijHk{kh gkrs s gAaS ijUrq dNq fo'k"s k ifjfLFkfr;ka s ea s ;s vius I;iw k ds [kkys ka s dks Hkh [kkrs gASa oKS kfudka s rFkk 'kk/s koRs rkvka s us bl fo'k"s k ifjfLFkfr dh tkp¡ dh gAS 'kk/s kka s ds }kjk irk pyk gS fd ykoZ s v.Mka s dks [kkrs gASa ykoZ s Hkh viuh itz kfr rF k k n wlj h iztkfr;ks a ds yMs h chfVyl~ ds ykokZ s dk Hk{k.k Hkh djrh gAaS o;Ld Hkh NkVs &s NkVs s yMs h chfVyl~ dh itz kfr;ka s dk Hk{k.k djrh gAS 'kk/s kka s ds }kjk irk pyk gS fd tc I;iw k ls o;Ld chfVyl~ fudyrk gS rks ;g vius I;iw k ds [kkys ks a dks loiZ Fz ke [kkrk gAS I;iw ka s ea s dkbfVu uked jklk;u ik;k tkrk gAS ;g ,d idz kj dh yEch J[a` kyk okyk Xydw kts dk cgyq d gAS I;iw k ea s dfS Y'k;e Hkh ik;k tkrk gAS bl idz kj Hkkts u ds vHkko ea s loiZ Fz ke I;iw k ds [kkys dk Hkkts u ds :i ea s yMs h chfVyl~ ds o;Ld xgz .k djrs gAaS

dkds flufs YyM chfVyl~ oreZ ku ,oa Hkfo";% Hkew .Myh; Å"ehdj.k ¼Xykcs y okfexaZ ½] inz "w k.k djus okys jklk;uka sdk vR;f/kd i;z kxs ] jfs M;ks fdj.k]as dkcuZ MkbvZ kDW lkbM dh vf/kdrk vkfn vuds ka s dkj.kka s ls ijw s fo'o ea sfo/o'a kdkjh ifj.kke n[s kus dks fey jgs gAaS ftlls u dos y ekuo lekt iHz kkfor gks jgk gAS cfYd iFoh ij

ik;s tkus okyh toS fofo/krk ij Hkh Hk;a dj lda V vk x;k gAS yMs h cMZ chfVy~l dh O;kidrk Hkh fnuk&as fnu ?kVrh tk jgh gAS vuds itz kfr;k¡ foy q f Ir dh dxkj ij gASa j k l k ; f u d dhVuk'kdka s ds i;z kxs ls ukf'k dhVka s dh l[a ;k ea s deh rks gks tkrh gS ijUrq budk chfVyl~ ij Hkh ifz rdyw iHz kko iMr+ k gAS ftlls dkds flufs YyM chfVyl~ dk vfLrRo Hkh [krjs ea siM+ tkrk gAS egRoi.w kZ itz kfr;k¡ txa yka s dh vfXu ls Hkh lekIr gks tkrh gASa dkds flufs YyM chfVyl~ dh lda VxLz r itz kfr;k¡ Hkh foyIq r gkrs h tk jgh gAS

df"k gh ugha vfirq okfudh ds {k=+s ea s Hkh dkds flufs YyM chfVyl~ dk egRoi.w kZ ;kxs nku gAS txa yka s rFkk df"k okfudh ea s Hkh yMs hchfVyl~ ukf'k dhVka s ds fu;=a .k ea segRoi.w kZ Hkfw edk fuHkkrh gASa dkds flufs YyM chfVyl~ dh ,dhdr ukf'k tho icz /a ku ea s egRoi.w kZ Hkfw edk gAS jklk;uka s ds i;z kxs dks de djds ikz dfrd :i ls ukf'k dhVka s dh tfS od icz /a ku }kjk jkds Fkke djus ls i;koZ j.k ea slra yq u LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gAS ftlls oreZ ku rFkk Hkfo"; ea s gkus s okyh ikz dfrd vkinkvka s dks de djus ea slgk;d fl) gks ldrh gAaS dkds flufs YyM chfVyl~ dh Hkkts u ioz fRr ea s cg:q irk gkus s ds dkj.k dbZ {k=s ka s ea sbudk i;z kxs fd;k tk ldrk gAS 'kk/s kka s ls irk pyk gS fd okfudh ds {k=s ea s dkds flufs YyM chfVyl~ dh toS fofo/krk O;kid gS fofHkUu egRoi.w kZ itz kfr;k¡ txa yka s ea sukf'k dhVka s dks fu;=a .k djus ea s lgk;d gkrs h gAaS

idz fr ea s bu ykHknk;d dhVka s ds lja {k.k rFkk l[a ;k of) ds fy, gea s vko';d igy djus dh vko';drk gAS ;fn ;s ijHk{kh dhV gekjs [krs k]as ckxkuka s rFkk ouka s ea s ipz jq ek=k ea s gkxs a s rks LokHkkfod :i ls ukf'k dhVka s dk Hk{k.k dj idz fr ea s lra yq u cuk;s j[kus ea s lgk;d fl) gkxs Aas rFkk okrkoj.k] jklk;fud dhV&uk'kdka s ds inz "w k.k ls eDq r rFkk LokLF;o/kdZ gkxs kA ufn;ka s ea s cgrk ikuh LoPN vkjS fueyZ gkxs kA

ysMh chfVy~l

ysMh chfVy~l

02

21


lUnHkZ%

vgen- ,e-,; vgen- ,e- t-s ; vQjkts - ,l- ,.M feJk vkj- d-s ¼2001½- QLV fjdkMZs vkQW dkds lhufs YyM chfVyl~ ¼dkfs y;kIs Vjs k% dkds lhufs YyMh½ vku ikiW yj ikiyq l Mys Vkbs Ml ÝkeW ukFkZ bf.M;k- bf.;u Qkjs Ls Vj- 127¼8½% 891&897-

dijw ] ,- ih- ¼1955½- dkds lhufs YyMh vkQW uis ky-fjdkMZs vkQW bf.M;u E;fw t;e- 53¼3 ,.M 4½% 309&338-

dijw ] ,-ih-] ¼1972½-n dkds lhufs YyMh ¼dkfs y;kIs Vjs k½ vkQW xkos k- fjdkMW Z vkQW tyw kfs tdy loZ s vkQ bf.M;k- 66 ¼1&4½% 309&320-

feJk] ,- d-s ,.M ;lw Qq - ,e- ¼2019½- ukVs l~ vkus dkds lhufs YyM chfVyl~ ¼dkfs y;kIs Vjs k% dkds lhufs YyMh½ Qkz e Qkjs Ls V bdkfs lLVe vkQW mRrjk[k.M] bf.M;u tuyZ vkQW ckbykfs tdy dVa kª ys - 33¼1½ %1&6-

i.w kh-Z t-s ¼2002½- ,u ,ukVs Vs Ms pds fyLV vkQW n dkds lhufs YyMh ¼dkfs y;kIs Vjs k½ ,DlDyfq Mxa ,ihyds fuuh vkQ b bf.M;u lc jhtu- vkfs j;UVy bUlDs V- 36¼1½% 307&383-

i.w kh-Z t-s ,.M Fkxa tes - vkj- ¼2019½- U;w ,fMlu vkQW

bf.;u QkuW k vkQW dkds lhufs YyMh ¼dkfs y;kIs Vjs k½; vkfs j;UVy bUlDs V- 1&19-

lnjyMaS ] ,- ,e- ,.M ijys k] ,e-ih- ¼2009½- ekbdkQs xs h bu dkds lhufs YyMh% fjO;w ckbykfs tdy dVa kª ys - 51¼2½ 284&293-

Vketos Ls dk] MCY;-w ] ,.M ltok;uZ ] d-s ¼2010½- ,ihyds fuuh ¼dkfs y;kIs Vjs k% dkds lhufs YyMh½ , fjfotu vkQW oYMZ tus js k- tuyZ vkQW bUlDs V lkbUZ l- 16¼1½% 1&91-

vf[kys’k dqekj feJk’kks/k Nk=

02

22

gekjs vkl&ikl ds okrkoj.k ea s fofHkUu idz kj ds dhV&irxa s ik;s tkrs ga S ftuea s ls vf/kdrj iMs &+ ik/S kka s dks cgrq gkfu igp¡q krs ga S buls iMs &+ ik/S kka s dks gkus s okyh gkfu dHkh&dHkh fodjky leL;k cu tkrh gAS ftlls vkfFkdZ :i ls Hkh udq lku gkrs k gAS bl leL;k ls vf/kd udq lku u gks blfy;s budh jkds Fkke ds fy;s jklk;fud dhVuk'kdka s dk mi;kxs fd;k tkrk g]S fdUrq ;s jklk;fud inkFkZ iMs &+ ik/S kka s ls Hkkts u ikz Ir djus okys vU; trvqa ka s ds fy;s Hkfo"; ea s vR;ra ikz .k?kkrd fl) gkrs s ga S vr% budk mi;kxs u djds fdlh tfS od fu;=a .k fof/k dk mi;kxs fd;k tkuk mfpr gkxs kA i;koZ j.k ea s cgrq ls ,ls s l{w e dhMs + ik;s tkrs gS a ftUga s vklkuh ls uXu vk[¡ kka s}kjk n[s kuk lHa ko ugha gkrs k gS ijra q ;s l{w e dhMs + vU; gkfudkjd dhV&irxa ka s dh c<r+ h gbq Z vkcknh dks fu;fa =r djus ea s lgk;d gkrs s gAaS ;s l{w e dhMs + vU; dhV&irxa ka sdh vyx&vyx vifjiDo voLFkkvka s ij vkØe.k djrs gAaS bl idz kj ds l{w e dhMk+ a s dks oKS kfud Hkk"kk ea sijthO;kHk dgk tkrk gS buea s ls dNq dhV&irxa ka s ds v.Mka s ea s fodflr gkrs s ga S rFkk mUga s u"V dj nrs s gS a ,ls s ijthO;kHk gkfudkjd dhV&irxa ka s dh rts h ls c<r+ h gbq Z tul[a ;k dks iHz kkoh :i ls fu;fa =r djrs ga S ;g ijthO;kHk dHkh Hkh iMs &+ ik/S kka s dks udq lku ugha igp¡q krs gAaS bl rjg ds ijthO;kHk eq[;r% gkbesuksIVsjk (Hymenoptera) x.k ds ,d vf/kdyq pYs lhMk;W fMvk (Chacidoidea) ds bUlfVMZ h (Encyrtidae) uked dyq ds gkrs s gS a ;g bUlfVMZ l (encyrtids) ijthO;kHk vU; x.kka s ds dhV&irxa ka s tlS &s yfs iMkIs Vjs k (Lepidoptera), fMIVjs k (Diptera), gfs eIVjs k (Hemiptera), vkFkkIZs Vjs k (Orthoptera), U;jw kIs Vjs k (Neuroptera) vkfn ij vius thou pØ dks i.w kZ djus ds fy, fuHkjZ jgrs ga S rFkk budh tul[a ;k dks fu;fa =r djrs gASa

bUlfVMZ l (encyrtids) vkdkj ea s 1-1&3-0 fe-eh- rd gkrs s gASa ijw s fo'oHkj ea s budh 5000 ls T;knk itz kfr;k¡ ikbZ tkrh ga S ftuea s ls 750 ds yxHkx gekjs Hkkjr ea s feyrh ga S

oreZ ku ea s bUlfVMZ l dh 400 itz kfr;ka s dk mi;kxs fofHkUu n's kka s ea s tfS od fu;=a .k dk;ØZ eka s ea s fd;k tk jgk gS ftuea s ls dNq itz kfr;k¡ iHz kkoh ,oa egRoi.w kZ tfS od fu;=a d fl) gbq Z gASa lcls T;knk bu bUlfVMZ l dk mi;kxs dkfW DlMh ,oa L;Mw kds kfW DlMh ds ukf'kdhVka s ds fy;s fd;k x;k gS ftUga s lkekU; Hkk"kk ea s feyhcx (Mealybug) dgk tkrk gSA loZizFke bUlfVZM (encyrtid) dh ,d itz kfr dkfs iMkls kes k ¶Ykkfs jMus e (Copidosoma floridanum) dk mi;ksx vYcVZ dk;s cys s (Albert Koebele) uked oKS kfud }kjk ØkblZ kfs MfDll pYs lkbVl (Chrysodeixis chalcites) ds tfS od fu;=a .k grs q fd;k x;k Fkk feyhcx dh dbZ itz kfr;k¡ gS a tks xEHkhj :i ls iMs &+ ik/S kka s dks {kfr igp¡q krh gS a ,ls h {kfr dks jkds us ds fy, dNq bUlfVMZ l dh itz kfr tSls&,ukxk;jl MsDVk W;yksikbZ (Anagyrus

dactylopii)] yIs Vkes Ls VhDl MDs Vk;W ykis kbZ (Leptomastix

dactylopii) ,oa ,us kfl;l ckEcos ys bs Z (Aenasius

bambawalei) dk mi;kxs dez 'k% fuihdkds l fofjfMl (Nipaecoccus viridis) Iysuksdksdl flVªkbZ (Planococcus citri) ,oa Qus kdkds l lkys us kfs Ill (Phenacoccus solenopsis) ds fu;=a .k grs q fd;k x;k gAS Qus kdkds l lkys us kfs Ill e[q ;r% dikl dh Qly dks xEHkhj :i ls lØa fer djrh gAS

bUlfVZM ijthO;kHk (encyrtid parasitoids)% tSfod fu;a=k.k dk ,d fodYi

eusUnz dusfj;k] 'kks/k Nk= rFkk MkW0 lq/khj flag] oSKkfud&th ou dhV foKku 'kk[kk

ou laj{k.k izHkkx] ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu]


fp=% 1%

ikS/ks ij feyhcx laØe.k

fp=% 2%

,ukxk;jl iztkfr ¼eknk½

02

23


tfS od fu;=a .k ds blh Øe ea s ÅbUlVlZ (Ooencyrtus) o'a k dh Hkh dNq itz kfr;ka s dk mi;kxs tfS od fu;=a .k dk;dZ ez ea s fd;k tkrk gAS dNq ÅbUlVlZ itz kfr;k¡ tlS &s ÅbUlVlZ tkuW lkus h (Ooencyrtus johnsoni)] ÅbUlV Zl lce S f V fydl ( O o e n c y r t u s

submetallicus) ,oa ÅbUlVlZ doq us h (Ooencyrtus

kuvanae) dk mi;kxs Øe'k% exq faZs 'k;k fgLVhª vkfs udk (Murgantia histrionica)] futkjk fofjMyq k (Nizara

viridula) ,oa ykbeus fV;ª k fMLij (Lymantria disper) ds tfS od fu;=a .k grs q fd;k tkrk gAS dNq vU; idz kj ds gkfudkjd dhV tks iMs &+ ik/S kka s ds iRrka s ea s xÔs cukdj bUga s{kfr igp¡q krs ga S budka s lkekU;r% lhfYyM (psyllid) dgk tkrk g SA bUlfV ZMl dh d qN i ztk fr;k ¡ tSls&lkbyhQsxl ikbyksll (Psyllaephagus

pilosus) ,oa lkbyhQxs l fcyhfV;l (Psyllaephagus

bliteus) dk mi;ksx fVusjhVkbuk ;wdsfyIVkb Z (Ctenarytaina eucalypt i i) Xykbdklfil fcEz yhdkEW cbs Z (Glycaspis brimlecombei) ds tfS od fu;=a .k ea s dkQh egRoi.w kZ gkrs h gAS

dkes ijs h;k ejflVh (Comperia merceti) ,d vU; egRoi.w kZ itz kfr gS tks fd ?kjk]sa Ldyw ka s ,oa i;z kxs 'kkykvka sea s ik;s tkus okys dkdW jkps ds v.Mka s dks [kkrh gS rFkk muds tfS od fu;=a .k ea s lgk;d gkrs h gAS blh rjg dh cgrq lh bUlfVMZ itz kfr;k¡ gekjs i;koZ j.k ea s ektS nw gS aftUga s vHkh rd [kkts k ugha x;k gAS budh [kkts vkus okys fudV Hkfo"; ea s dhV&irxa ka s ds fu;=a .k grs q ehy dk iRFkj lkfcr gks ldrh gS tks fd gkfudkjd jklk;fud dhVuk'kdka s ds mi;kxs ls gekjs i;koZ j.k dks cpkus ea segRoi.w kZ Hkfw edk fuHkk ldrh gAS

lUnHkZ

1- ukbs t] t-s ,l- ,.M g;kr] ,e- 1994- vkfW j,Va y feyhcx ijs kflVk;W M vkQWW n ,ukxk;fjuh ¼gkbeus kIs Vjs k% bUlfZ VMh½% viii+554 ihih dcs buVu'sZ kuy] vkDs lkus ] ;w d-s

2- gvq xa Mh- MCY;-w ,.M ukbs t] t-s ,l- 1994- , fjohtu vkQW n b.Mks ifs lfQd Lihlht vkQW ÅbUlVlZ ¼gkbeus kIs Vjs k% bUlfVMZ h½] ijs kflVk;W Ml vkQWW n bEePs ;kjs LVts ls vkQWW bdkuW kfW edyh beikVs UsZ V Lihlht ¼eus yh gfs eIVjs k ,.M yfs iMkIs Vjs k½- cyq fs Vu vkQWW n ups jq y fgLVkjs h E;fw t;e yUnu ¼,Va kekys kts h½-

fp=% 3%

feyhcx }kjk

{kfrxzLr iRrk

fp=% 4%

VfeZusfy;k vtqZuk ij

lhfYyM laØe.k

fp=% 5%

ÅbUlVZl iztkfr ¼eknk½

fp=% 6%

,sukfl;l iztkfr ¼eknk½

eusUnz dusfj;k’kks/k Nk=

02

24

Hkkjro"kZ es a jxa huh yk[k dh [krs h lokfZ /kd {k=s ij dh tkrh gS ftldh dyq Hkkjrh; yk[k mRiknu ea s 38 çfr'kr dh fgLlns kjh gAS yk[k dhV ¼dfs j;k yDS dk½ uked dhV ik"s kd eyq k;e Vgfu;ka s ea s vius plw us okys e[q k ?klq kdj jl plw rk gAS ;g jl gh bl dhV dk Hkkts u gAS dhV ds 'kjhj ds Åij fNæka s ls rjy inkFkZ fudyrk jgrk gS tks gok ds lEidZ ea s vkus ij l[w k tkrk gS vkjS mlds 'kjhj ij ekVs h ijr cu tkrh gS ;g ijr gh yk[k dgykrh gS rFkk dhV ijr ds vna j ljq f{kr jgrk gAS jxa huh yk[k dhV e[q ;r% iyk’k ,oa cjs ds iMs k+ a s ij ik;k tkrk gAS jxa huh yk[k] yk[k dhV dh ,d LVusª gS ftldh o"kZ ea s nks thou pØ ¼tyq kbZ ls vDVcw j ,oa vDVcw j ls tyq kbZ ½ gkrs k gAS jxa huh yk[k dh [krs h iyk’k ,oa cjs ds vykok vU; ik"s kdks a tlS s xyoxa ] vkdk'keuh] irq jh] Hkkfy;k] ou Nkys k] lunu] ?kkVas ] flfjl] ccyw ] xyw j] ikdM]+ iVq dy] ikjs kgs k]as ihiy] vkfn ij Hkh dh tk ldrh gAaS iyk’k ds 8&10 o"kZ ,oa cjs ds 6&8 o"kZ ijq kus iMs k+ a s ij jxa huh yk[k dh [krs h dh 'k#q vkr dh tk ldrh gAS yk[k dhVka s ds e[q kkxa plw us okys gkrs s gS vr% muds fy, eyq k;e Vgfu;k¡ vf/kd mi;äq gkrs h gASa

oKS kfud fof/k }kjk jxa huh yk[k dhV ikyu ds fy, fofHkUu fØ;k,¡ fuEu fyf[kr fcUnvq ka s ea s mYyfs [kr dh x;h ga S % ¼d½ iMs k+ a s dh dVkbZ & NV¡ kbZ ¼[k½ yk[k cht dk p;u ,oa lpa kj.k ¼x½ Qdaw h mrkjuk ¼?k½ 'k=q dhVka s vFkok QQnaw tfur jkxs ka s ls cpko ¼M½+ Qly dVkbZ ¼V½ [kMa ç.kkyh A

¼d½ isM+ksa dh dVkbZ&N¡VkbZ% yk[k dhV dks mi;äq HkkTs ; inkFkZ fey lds blds fy, ikds iMs k+ as dh Mkfy;k¡ uje gkus k vko’;d gAS ftlds fy, i s M + k s a d h dVkb Z&N¡Vkb Z t:jh gkrs h gS ftlls u;h 'kk[kk,a fudyrh gS tks uje

rFkk yk[k dhV ds fy, mi;äq gkrs h gASa iyk’k ,oa cjs iMs k+ a s dh dVkb&Z NV¡ kbZ ekpZ ls e/; vçyS ekg rd dj nus k pkfg,A ,d bpa ls iryh Mkfy;ka s dks rFkk VVw h & QVw h ijq kus rFkk jkxs xLz r Mkfy;ka s dks tM+ ls dkV nus k pkfg,A dVkb&Z NV¡ kbZ djrs jgus ls iMs k+ a s ea s u;h rFkk dkes y Mkfy;k¡ fudyrh gS tks N% ekg ckn yk[k dhV lpa j.k ds ;kXs ; gks tkrh gAaS dkV&NkV¡ djkus ls iMs k+ a s ls Mkfy;k¡ Hkh vf/kd fudyrh gS ftlls yk[k mRiknu ea sof) gkrs h gAS lkFk gh jkxs xfz lr Mkfy;ka s dks dkVus ls iMs k+ a s dks jkxs ls efq ä fey tkrh gAS dkV&NkV¡ djkrs le; fuEu ckrks a dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A

Mkfy;ka s dks rts /kkj okyh nkoyh ;k yEcs gkFk dh Vhª çuw j ls gh dkVuk pkfg,A

Mkfy;ka s dks lko/kkuh ls dkVuk pkfg, rkfd QVus u ik,A¡

,d bpa ls de ekVs h Mkfy;ka s dks e[q ; 'kk[kk ds tM+ ls dkVuk pkfg,A

vf/kd ?kus iMs k+ a s dh 'kk[kkvka s dks dkV dj de dj nus k pkfg,A

¼[k½ yk[k cht dk p;u ,oa lapkj.k%& yk[k dhV dks iuq % u, ik/S ks ea s lpa kfjr djus ds fy, f'k'kq ,oa vMa k ;äq eknk dks yk[k chgu ds :i esa ç;ksx fd;k tkrk gAS yk[k chgu cht fdlh Hkh voLFkk esa ysrs le; /;ku na s fd og fdlh çdkj ds jkxs vFkok dhV ls çHkkfor u gkAs iyk’k vFkok cjs o{k ij yk[k cht dk lpa j.k dkV&NkV¡ ds N% ekg i'pkr gh fd;k tkuk pkfg,A jxa huh yk[k cht dh N%&N% bpa ds Vdq Ms + djds 60 els dh IykfLVd dh

iyk'k ds isM+ksa ij jaxhuh yk[k dhV ikyu dh fof/kMkW0 vjfoan dqekj] oSKkfud&bZ] ou dhV foKku 'kk[kk

ou laj{k.k izHkkx] ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu


25


tkyh ea s yxHkx 80&100 xkz e Hkjdj nkus ka s Nkjs ij lrq yh ls cka /ks a ,oa bls çR;ds Mkyh ds fudyus ds LFkku ij ck/a kAs yk[k cht dks tc Hkh cka /ks Åij dh vkjs dldj ck/a kk tk,A yk[k chgu vko’;drk ds vulq kj ek=k gh cka /ks vf/kd u ck/a k]s ,ls k djus ls yk[k chgu dh cjcknh gkrs h gS rFkk dHkh&dHkh Mfy;k¡ l[w k Hkh tkrh gASa chgu cht yk[k dh ek=k iMs + ds vkdkj ij fuHkjZ djrh gS e[q ;r% ;g n[s kk x;k gS dh 20 xkz e chgu yk[k çfr ehVj Mkyh ds fy, i;kIZ r gkrs k gAS ,d lkekU; vkdkj ds iyk’k ds iMs + ds fy, 1&1-5 fdyks xkz e chgu dh vko’drk gkrs h gAS

¼x½ Qwadh mrkjuk & yk[k cht@chgu lpa kj.k ;k yk[k yxkus ds 21 fnu ckn ;k ;fn 21 fnu iow Z yk[k chgu ls yk[k dhV fudyuk cna gks tk, rc Qdaw h yk[k mrkj yAas Qdaw h yk[k mrkjus ds fy, cus gdq ueq k vktS kj dk gh ç;kxs dj]as rkfd cBS s g,q yk[k dhV dks fdlh çdkj dk udq lku u gkAs ckla ea s gdq ;k gfl;k ck/a kdj Qdaw h dks vklkuh ls mrkjk tk ldrk gAS

¼?k½ 'k=q dhVksa vFkok QQwan tfur jksxksa ls opko% yk[k chgu lpa j.k ds Bhd ,d ekg ckn ;k Qdaw h mrkjus ds ,d lIrkg ckn gkfudkjd dhVks a dk çdkis ’k:q gks tkrk gS bl le; çFke dhVuk'kd nok dk fNMd+ ko djuk pkfg,A blds fy, MkbDykjs kos kls nok dk 0-03 çfr'kr dk fNMd+ ko djus ls ijHk{kh dhV ds çdkis ls cpk;k tk ldrk gAS dkyh frryh rFkk lQns frryh ls Qly dks cpkus ds fy, dhVuk'kd bFkkis Us çkDs l nok dk 0-02 çfr'kr ¼20 feyh@10 yhVj½ ikuh dk ?kkys cukdj yk[k yxh Mkfy;ka s ij Lç;s j e'khu ls fNMd+ ko djuk pkfg,A vko';drk ij nok dk fNMd+ ko le;≤ ij djrs jguk pkfg,A yk[k Qly ij QQnaw tfur jkxs dk çHkko gkus s ij QQnaw uk'kd cos LVhu nok dk 0-01 çfr'kr dk ?kkys cukdj yk[k yxh Mkfy;ka s ij Lç;s kj }kjk fNMd+ ko fd;k tkuk pkfg, A

¼M+½ yk[k dh dVkbZ%& jxa huh y k [ k c h gu t qykb Z rF k k v D r w c j e s a i f j iDo g k s tkrh gS rFkk

blh ekg ea s bldh dVkbZ dh tkuh pkfg, tyq kbZ ekg ea syk[k dhV fuxeZ u ds ,d lIrkg iow Z Hkh yk[k cht dkVuk pkfg,A ijUrq vDrcw j eghus tc BMa jgrh gS rc yk[k chgu dh dVkbZ ifjiDo gkus s rFkk Mkfy;ka s ij 2 ls 5% yk[k dhV dk ofgxeZ u gkus k 'k:q gks tk, rc yk[k chgu dks dkVk tkuk pkfg,A

ifjiDo yk[k dh igpku% yk[k dh dVkbZ ls iow Z ifjiDork yk[k dk"s k dk 3@4 Hkkx luq gjk ihyk rFkk dk"s k ea s njkj iMu+ s yxus ij gks tkrh gAS

Û ,d i.w kZ yxs ifjiDo yk[k chgu dks rts /kkj okyh nokyh ;k fldfs V;j ls gh dkVa s rkfd Mkyh QVus u ik,A

Û dNq txg yk[k yxs Mkfy;ka s dks u dkVa s bUgs a Lor% lpa j.k ds fy, NkMs k+ tk ldrk gAS

Û vDrcw j ekg ea s yk[k dk"s k ls de ls de 2&5 yk[k dhV ¼ykok½Z dk fuxeZ u 'k:q gks tkus ij gh chgu dks dkVuk pkfg,A

¼V½ [kaM ç.kkyh% yk[k ;k yk[k —"kd çk;% ,d gh iMs + ls chgu yk[k vkjS dPph yk[k ¼vjh yk[k½ dk mRiknu djrs ga S rFkk lky Hkj yk[k dhV dks o{kka s ij NkMs s + jgrs gAaS dPph Qly dks viuh vko';drk vulq kj dkVdj cps nrs s ga S rFkk cps g,q ifjiDo yk[k chgu dks yk[k cht ds :i ea s mi;kxs djrs ga S bl çdkj dh [krs h ls o{kka s dh ik"s kd {kerk ea s deh vkrh gS rFkk iMs + fnu çfr fnu detkjs gkrs s tkrs gS a lkFk gh lkFk mRiknu ij udkjkRed vlj iMr+ k gAS bu ij n'q eu dhVka s dk çdkis Hkh T;knk gks tkrk gS ftldk çHkko chgu yk[k dh x.q kokrk ij iMr+ k gAS ;fn yk[k ik"s kd o{kka s dks [k.M ea sfoHkDr dj yk[k dh [krs h dja s rks bu leL;kvka s ls futkr ik;h tk ldrh gAS iMs k+ a s dh dkV&NkV¡ ds N% ekg ckn gh ubZ Mkfy;k¡ vk tkrh gS vr% bl ç.kkyh ea s dyq iMs k+ a s dks rhu [kMa ka s ea s ckVa dj chgu yk[k mRiknu lQyrk iow dZ fd;k tkrk gS ftlea s ,d [k.M dks dPph yk[k ¼vjh yk[k½ mRiknu ds fy, j[kk tkrk gAS ,ls k djus ls iMs k+ a s dks vkjke fey tkrk gS rFkk ik"s k.k ea s deh ugha vkrh gAS lkFk gh chp ea s dPph yk[k çkIr dj ykHk Hkh dek ldrs gAaS jxa huh yk[k mRiknu ds fy, rhu [kMa ç.kkyh ea s dh tkus okyh fofHkUu fØ;k,¡ fuEu rkfydk vulq kj dh tkuh pkfg,&

02

26


rkfydk 1 % jaxhuh yk[k dh [ksrh esa [k.M ç.kkyh ¼rhu [kaM½

02

rkfydk 2% ijaijkxr fof/k }kjk yk[k dh [ksrh ,oa

oSKkfud fof/k }kjk yk[k dh [ksrh esa fHkUurk

MkW0 vjfoan dqekjoSKkfud&bZ

mijksDr oSKkfud fof/k ls fdlku yk[k dh [ksrh

dj vf/kd ykHk dek ldrs gSaA

27

vDrwcj

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c<r+ h i;koZ j.kh; leL;kvka s dk lca /a k oreZ ku ea s gh ugha vfirq dbZ n'kdka s ls jgk gAS ekuo rFkk i;koZ j.k ls tMq h+ bu leL;kvka s dk :i bruk foØky ,oa tfVy gS fd fdlh ,d fuf'pr :i ea s ifjHkkf"kr djuk lHa ko ugha gAS oreZ ku le; dh ckr dja s rks c<r+ h gkfudkjd ukf'k dhVka s dh leL;k ,d puq krS h ds :i ea s dbZ ckj mHkjdj lkeus vkrh jgh gAS oreZ ku le; ea s ekuo dh vfr O;Lr thou 'kyS h dks /;ku ea s j[ka s rks bl O;Lrrk Hkjh thou 'kyS h ea s cnyko ykus vkjS bls vf/kd vkjkenk;d ,oa lfq o/kktud cukus grs q yxkrkj gj {k.k dgha u dgha fdlh u fdlh :i ea s u;s vkfo"dkjka s rFkk rduhdka s dk mi;kxs Hkh gAS ekuo dh oLrvq ka s dh c<r+ h ekxa rFkk budh vkifw rZ grs q fo'o ea s dkuuw h rFkk xjS dkuuw h :i ls dbZ ,ls s dk;Z lEiUu fd;s tkrs jgs gS a ftlls ekxa dh vkifw rZ rks lEHko gS ijUrq dgha u dgha blds n"q ifj.kke Hkh n[s kus dks feyrs gASa

;fn bu lHkh leL;kvka s ds vfrfjDr gkfudkjd ukf'k dhVka s dh c<r+ h leL;k dks n[s kk tk;s ra ks ;g lEcfU/kr {k=s ka s tlS %s df"k] okfudh] uljZ h vkfn ds fy, fpUrk dk fo"k; cuk jgk gAS df"k] okfudh ckxokuh vkfn {k=s ka s ea sc<r+ s dhVuk'kdka s ds v/a kk/k/aq k i;z kxs us dbZ leL;kvka s dks tUe fn;k gS tlS %s i;koZ j.kh; inz "w k.k] ikfjfLFkfrdh; vlra yq u] HkkTs ; inkFkka Zs ea s dhVuk'kdka s dh mifLFkfr vkfnA bu gkfudkjd dhVka s ds ljq {kkRed ,oa lfq o/kktud fuLrkj.k grs ]q tfS od fu;=a .k dk ,dhdr dhV icz /a ku ds {k=s ea s egRoi.w kZ gAS bu lHkh leL;kvka s dk fuLrkj.k i.w kZ :i ls ugha ijUrq ,d lhek rd tfS od fu;=a .k }kjk lHa ko gS tks i;koZ j.k ds fygkt ls ljq f{kr ,oa ykHkdkjh Hkh gAS bu gkfudkjd ukf'k dhVka s ds icz /a ku grs q gkbeus kIs Vjs l ijthO;kHkka s dk i;z kxs cMs + ieS kus ij fd;k tkrk jgk gAS tks ijw s fo'o ea s tfS od fu;=a .k ds {k=s ea s vR;Ur egRoi.w kZ ,oa ljq {kk dh nf"V ls mRre ,oa vR;Ur ykHkdkjh Hkh gAS vkt ijw s fo'o ea s ijthO;kHkka s tlS s Vkª bdkxs esz k itz kfr] viUS Vfs yl itz kfr] cdsz kus itz kfr

vkfn dk cMs + ieS kus ij mi;kxs fd;k tk jgk gAS

ijthO;kHk ,ls s dhVka s dks dgk tkrk g]S tkfs d viuk vifjiDo voLFkk dk thou pØ fdlh fo'k"s k ikfs "krk dhV ¼vkJ;nkrk dhV½ ds vUnj ;k fodkl ds fofHkUu voLFkkvka s tlS s v.Mk] ykok]Z I;iw k vkfn ea s i.w kZ djrs gASaa

vU; ijthO;kHkka s dh rjg gkfudkjd ukf'k dhVka s ds fu;=a .k grs q fodflr dh x;h ykokZ ijthO;kHk rduhd dk tfS od fu;=a .k ds {k=s ea s egRoi.w kZ ;kxs nku gAS ykokZ ijthO;kHk tlS s viUS Vfs yl itz kfr }kjk dbZ gkfudkjd ukf'k dhVka s dk fu;U=.k lHa ko gAS ykokZ ijthO;kHk viUS Vfs yl dks gkbeZ us kIs Vjs k x.k ds vUrxrZ vkus okyh cdzs kfs uMh dyq dh mi&dyq ekbØkxs Ls Vusª h ds vUrxrZ j[kk x;k gAS

ykokZ ijthO;kHk ,ls s ijthO;kHk gkrs s gS a tkfs d vius ikfs "krk dhV ds thou pØ ds ykokZ voLFkk ij vkØe.k djrs gASa e[q ;r% ykokZ voLFkk dh vfa re voLFkk ;k ikpa oh bUkLVkj voLFkk ea s ikfs "krk dhV dks iHz kkfor djrh gASa ;s ikfs "krk dhV ds Ropk ,oa 'kh'kLFk Hkkx dks NkMs d+ j vkUrfjd Hkkx dks Hkkts u ds :i ea s xgz .k djrs gAaS lkekU;r% eknk ijthO;kHk dhV gh ukf'k dhV ;k ikfs "krk dhV dh ykokZ voLFkk dks ijthohdr djds mls u"V dj nrs s gS a ¼gkQeuS vkjS QjkMs le] 1993½A

vkt Hkkjr ea s c<r+ h gkfudkjd dhVka s dh leL;k dks n s [ k r s g q , g k be s u k s V s jl ijthO;kHkksa dks tSfod fu;=a .k d s { k s = e s a yxkrkj i;z kxs ea syk;k tk jgk gAS e q [ ; r % yfs iMkIs Vjs k x.k ds os dhV tks gkfudkjd dhVka s dh J.s kh ea s vkrs ga S rFkk

ykokZ ijthO;kHk viSUVsfyl iztkfr;ksa dh tSfod fu;a=k.k esa Hkwfedk

usgk jtokj] dfu"B ifj- v/;srk] MkW0 ekS0 ;wlqQ] oSKkfud&th rFkk MkW0 ekssgflu bdjke] ofj"B vuqla/kku v/;srk ou dhV foKku 'kk[kk] Oku laj{k.k izHkkx] ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu


fp=% lkxkSu fu"i=d

¼;wVSDVksuk eSdsjsfyl ½

02

28

ikWiyj fu"i=d ¼DyksLVsjk D;wijsVk½

viSUVsfyl eSdsjsfyl

viSUVsfyl ds lkxkSu ij dqdu

d`f " k Qlyk s a ] uxnh Qlyks a ] vkfd ZMl ,o a okfudh ds iez [q k dhVka s ds :i ea stkus tkrs gSA bues a fo'k s"kr% dNq iez [q k dhVka st S l s l kx k S u

fu"i=d ¼;Vw DS Vkus k edS js fs yl rFkk fgfCy;k I;jw k½] egkuhe ocS oEkZ ¼vVoS k QcS fjfl;yS k½] ckla fu"i=d ¼fØIkflIVh;k dkDs yls fs yl½] 'kh'ke fu"i=d ¼IyhdkIS Vjs k fjQyDS lk½] ikiW yj fu"i=d ¼DykLs Vjs k D;iw jVs k½ vkfn iez [q k gAaS tkfs d vR;Ur gkfudkjd ga S rFkk okfudh ,oa df"k&okfudh {k=s dks vR;f/kd udq lku igp¡q krs gAaS iow Z ea sykokZ ijthO;kHk viUS Vfs yl dh dbZ itz kfr;ka s dk mi;kxs tfS od fu;=a .k ea s fd;k tk pdq k gS tlS s lu~ 1883 ea s;uw kbVZ Ms LVVs l ea s viUS Vfs yl Xykes fs jVl dks lcls igys ykokZ ijthO;kHk ds :i ea s fjdkMW Z fd;k x;k Fkk] lu~ 1938 ea s fgfCy;k I;jw k ds fu;=a .k grs q fuykEcjw ea s chlu }kjk viUS Vfs yl ekyos kys l dk mi;kxs fd;k x;k Fkk rFkk viUS Vfs yl ekyos kys l dks lkxkuS fu"i=d ds tfS od fu;=a .k ds fy, djs y ds ou {k=s ea s mi;kxs ea syk;k x;k Fkk ¼Ckhlu] 1941½A dikl ckyW oeZ dk rfeyukMq es aekbØksfdyksul CySdcuhZ }kj k lQy fu;=a .k] viUS Vfs yl Vis jkos uS h }kjk ccyw fu"i=d dk fu;=a .k vkfn blds iez [q k mnkgj.k gASa lkxkuS fu"i=d ij viUS Vfs yl dk fjdkMW Z fofHkUu itz kfr;ka s tlS s viSUVsfyl gSfcfy;kbZ] viSUVsfyl eSdsjsfyl] viUS Vfs yl ekyos kys l rFkk viUS Vfs yl I;jw k ¼uk;j vkjS vU; 1995½A

viUS Vfs yl dks tfS od fu;=a .k ea s le;≤ ij gkfudkjd dhVka s tlS s & lkxkuS fu"i=d] egkuhe ocS oEk]Z ckla fu"i=d] 'kh'ke fu"i=d rFkk ikiW yj fu"i=d ij ijthO;kHk ds :i ea s ouka s rFkk df"k okfudh {k=s ka s ea sik;k x;k gAS

oreZ ku le; ea s tfS od fu;=a .k eas viUS Vfs yl dh Hkfw edk ykHkdkjh gkus s ds lkFk&lkFk yxkrkj gkfudkjd dhVka s ds fu;=a .k ea s mi;kxs h dhV ds :i ea s jgh gAS Hkkjr ea s Hkh viUS Vfs yl itz kfr dh tfS od fu;=a .k ds {k=s ea s egRoi.w kZ Hkfw edk gAS bldk mi;kxs iez [q k ukf'k dhVka s ds tfS od fu;=a .k ea s fd;k tk ldrk gAS

viUS Vfs yl itz kfr dks ykokZ ijthO;kHk dh J.s kh ea s cgrq gh egRoi.w kZ LFkku Ikkz Ir gAS fofHkUu gkfudkjd dhVka s

ftuea s ls fo'k"s kr% yfs iMkis Vjs k x.k ds dhVka s dk tfS od fu;=a .k viUS Vfs yl }kjk gks ldrk gAS bl rduhd ds Ø;kUo;u ds }kjk dhVuk'kdka s ds i;z kxs dks ,d lhek rd de fd;k tk ldrk gAS

vr% iow Z ea s viUS Vfs yl itz kfr ds tfS od fu;=a .k ea s lQy i;z kxs ka s dks /;ku ea s j[krs g,q ;g dguk mfpr gkxs k fd bl rduhd dk ;kts ukc) rjhds ls fd;k mi;kxs okfudh {k=s rFkk df"k&okfudh {k=s ka s ea s mHkjrh iez [q k ukf'k dhVka s dh leL;kvka s dks fu;fa =r djus ea s ykHkdkjh fl) gkxs k rFkk toS fofo/krk ,oa ou ckgYq ; {k=s ka s dks fcuk dkbs Z udq lku igp¡q k;s ukf'k dhVka s ls ljq f{kr fd;k tk ldrk gAS tfS od fu;=a .k dh ;g rduhd i;koZ j.k fgr"S kh ,oa ukf'k dhVka s ds fu;=a .k ds fy, iHz kkodkjh fl) gkxs hA

lUnHZ k%

Ckhlu] lh- ,Q-lh- 1941- n bdkys ktW h ,.M dUVkª ys vkQW QkjW Ls V bUlDs V vkQW bf.M;k ,.M n ucs fjxa dUVhª l- olUr ilsz ] ngs jknuw ] 1007 i"B-

gkQW euS ] ,e- ih- ,.M QjkMs le] ,-lh- 1993- uPS ;jw y ,us heht vkQW otS hVcs y bulDS V iLs Vl~ dkvs kis jfs Vo ,DlV'as ku- dkjW uyS ;fw uoflVZ h] bFkdS ] ,uokb-Z 63 i"B-

uk;j] d-s ],l-,l] ekgs unkl] d-s ,.M l/q khUnz deq kj] oh-oh- 1995- ck;kys kfs tdy dUVkª ys vkQW n Vhª d fMQkfs y;Vs j fgfCy;k I;jw k desz j ¼yfs iMkIs Vjs k% gcs fy,Mh½ ;fw lxa bUlDs V ijS kflVkbW M ikz Cs yel ,.M ikz LS iDS Vl~ - bu ck;kys kfs tdy dUVkª ys vkQW lkfs 'k;y QkjW Ls V ,.M IykUV's ku ØkIl bUlDs Vl ¼bMh- vUuFku fØ'kuu Vh- ,u½ ih-ih- 75&95- vkDW l QkMs Z ,.M vkbch,p ifCyf'kxa dk-s ikz boVs - fyfeVMs - 225 i"B-


usgk jtokjdfu"B ifj;kstuk v/;srk

02

29


tqykbZ&fnlacj] 2019 ds varxZr laLFkku }kjk vk;ksftr çeq[k dk;ZØe

ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu us 18 ls 20 tqykbZ] 2019 rd ÞMsfLVus'ku mŸkjk[kaM & 2019Þ dh izn'kZuh esa Hkkx fy;k] tks mŸkjk[kaM foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh ifj"kn] mŸkjk[kaM }kjk vk;ksftr dh x;h FkhA dsaæh; fo|ky; vkSj nsgjknwu ds vU; Ldwyksa ds yxHkx 600 Nk=&Nk=kvksa] fofHkUUk laxBuksa ds vf/kdkfj;ksa] 'kks/kdrkZvksa vkSj vU; fgr/kkjdksa us laLFkku ds LVkWy dk nkSjk fd;k vkSj laLFkku dh okfudh] vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa] —f"k vkSj vU; vuqla/kku vkSj foLrkj xfrfof/k;ksa dks izn'kZuksa ds ek/;e ls ns[kkA

MsfLVus'ku mŸkjk[kaM & 2019

izn'kZuh dk fujh{k.k djrs gq;s vfrfFkx.k

ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu }kjk 22 tqykbZ] 2019 dks tokgj uoksn; fo|ky;] 'kadjiqj] lgliqj] nsgjknwu ds ifjlj esa ou egksRlo dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k ftlds rgr v'kksd] #æk{k] veyrkl] flYoj vksd] vk¡oyk] tkequ] dusj] ckal vkfn tSls cgqmÌs'kh; isM+ksa ds ikS/ks yxk, x,A Hkkjrh; okfudh ,oa f'k{kk ifj"kn ds egkfuns'kd] MkW- ,l- lh- xSjksyk bl volj ij eq[; vfrfFk ds :i esa mifLFkr FksA dk;ZØe esa Jh ,-,l- jkor] funs'kd] ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu lfgr ,QvkjvkbZ vkSj vkbZlh,QvkjbZ ds vf/kdkjhx.k rFkk oSKkfudx.k Hkh mifLFkr FksA

ou egksRlo] 2019

fnukad 6 vxLr] 2019 dks iapdqyk esa okfudh ds ek/;e ls ;equk unh ds iqu#)kj gsrq gfj;k.kk jkT; ds fy, igyh ijke'kZ cSBd dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA cSBd esa fofHkUUk fgr/kkjd foHkkxksa] xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa] fdlkuksa vkfn ls yxHkx 45 izfrHkkfx;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA

laLFkku esa fnukad 16 flracj] 2019 dks vkstksu fnol euk;k x;kA bl volj ij laLFkku ds funs'kd Jh v#.k Çlg jkor us mifLFkr lHkk dks lacksf/kr djrs gq;s vkstksu ijr ds egRo dks n'kkZ;kA bl volj ij vfrfFk oäk ds :i esa vkeaf=r MkW- fcØe Çlg] funs'kd] ekSle foKku foHkkx] i`Foh foKku ea=ky;] ekSle foKku dsaæ] eksgdeiqj] gfj}kj jksM] nsgjknwu us tyok;q ifjorZu vkSj iwokZuqeku ij O;k[;ku fn;kA

vkstksu fnol

vkstksu fnol ij lacksf/kr djrs gq; Jh v#.k Çlg jkor ,oaMkW- foØe Çlg

vkstksu fnol ij vk;ksftr uqDdM+ ukVd dk izn'kZu djrs gq;s ou vuqla/kku laLFkku lefo'ofo|ky; ds fo|kFkhZx.k

02

30


ou vuqla/kku laLFkku us Hkkjrh; okfudh vuqla/kku ,oa f'k{kk ifj"kn] nsgjknwu dk izfrfuf/kRo djrs gq, fnukad 02&13 flracj] 2019 rd uks,Mk ds vkbZbZ,e,y esa e#LFkyhdj.k ls fuiVus ds fy, la;qä jk"Vª ds lhvksih&14 ds rgr vk;ksftr izn'kZuh vkSj izkS|ksfxdh esys esa Hkkx fy;k A

ekuuh; dsaæh; ea=h Jh izdk'k tkoM+sdj] i;kZoj.k ou ,oa tyok;q ea=ky; rFkk lwpuk ,oa izlkj.k ea=h] Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj Jh bczkfge fFk;ko] dkWEcSV MstÆVfQds'ku gsrq la;qä jk"Vª dUosa'ku ¼;w,ulhlhMh½ ds dk;Zdkjh lfpo us izn'kZuh vkSj izkS|ksfxdh esys esa laLFkku ds LVkWy dk nkSjk fd;kA

faganh i[kokM+k] 2019

ou vuqla/kku laLFkku] nsgjknwu ds Çgnh vuqHkkx }kjk laLFkku esa 02 ls 17 flracj] 2019 rd Çgnh i[kokM+s dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA bl i[kokM+s ds nkSjku vk;ksftr Çgnh Vad.k] fVIi.k ,oa izk:i ys[ku] fuca/k ys[ku rFkk Lojfpr dkO;ikB izfr;ksfxrkvksa esa laLFkku ds vf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk deZpkfj;ksa us g"kksZYykl ds lkFk Hkkx fy;kA

Hkkjrh; okfudh vuqla/kku ,oa f'k{kk ifj"kn rFkk dsUæh; fo|ky; laxBu ds chp gq;s leÖkkSrs ds varxZr ^iz—fr^^ dk;ZØe ds rgr fofHkUUk voljksa ij laLFkku ds nkSjs ij vk, fo|kFkhZ ,oa f'k{kdx.kA

02

fnukad 09 flracj] 2019 dks ou vuqla/kku laLFkku ds eq[; Hkou esa *fgeky; fnol^ ds volj ij izn’kZuh vk;ksftr dh xbZA

fnukad 11 flracj] 2019 dks laLFkku ifjlj esa fLFkr Þou 'kghn Lekjdß ds izkax.k esa jk"Vªh; ou 'kghn fnol euk;k x;kA ;g fnol ouksa rFkk oU;tho dh lqj{kk gsrq viuk cfynku djus okys j{kdksa dh ;kn esa euk;k tkrk gSA

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ou vulq/akku bz&if=dk · eq>s ;g tkudj vfr izluurk gks jgh gs fd ^ou vuqla/kku bz&if=dk^...

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