outline - fig · shanghai world financial center( @#)å*9h =Ã c ù),492m,2008 > ß shanghai...
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Mo
nit
ori
ng
dyn
am
ica
l
dis
pla
ce
me
nts
of
Ton
gji m
an
sio
n A
bu
ild
ing
usi
ng
GN
SS
te
ch
no
log
y
Jica
ng W
U, Liz
hi LO
U, C
on
gw
ei H
U,
We
izh
ou
LIU
an
d Z
hip
en
g L
U
Co
llege
of
Su
rve
yin
g a
nd
Ge
o-I
nfo
rma
tics
,
Ton
gji
Un
ive
rsit
y, S
ha
ngh
ai, C
hin
a
Ou
tlin
e
ßO
bje
ctiv
es
ßM
on
ito
rin
g S
yste
m
ßE
xpe
rim
en
t
ßIn
itia
l re
sult
s
ßC
on
clu
sio
n
Ob
jecti
ves
ßM
on
ito
rin
g d
efo
rma
tio
n o
f st
ruct
ure
s o
f Ta
ll
bu
ildin
gs
un
de
r n
atu
ral a
nd
art
ific
ial lo
ad
s,
such
as
gu
st w
ind
, e
art
hq
ua
ke
, m
etr
o
operation…….
ßA
re
al ti
me
mo
nit
ori
ng s
yste
m f
or
eva
lua
tin
g
stru
ctu
re h
ea
lth
fo
r e
me
rge
ncy
iss
ue
s
ßD
ata
ba
se o
f d
efo
rma
tio
n o
f st
ruct
ure
s u
nd
er
vari
ou
s lo
ad
s, s
up
po
rtin
g s
tru
ctu
re life
-cyc
le
an
d s
afe
ty r
ese
arc
h
Tall b
uild
ing
s in
Sh
an
gh
ai
Tall b
uild
ing
in
Sh
an
gh
ai
ßP
ark
Ho
tel S
ha
ngh
ai(
, 7
8m
, 1
93
4
ßH
ote
l S
ha
ngh
ai(
),9
2m
,19
83
ßS
ha
ngh
ai Te
leco
m B
uild
ing(
),1
31
m,1
98
7.
ßH
ilto
n H
ote
l(),
14
3m
,19
87.
ß, 1
54
m,1
98
9.
ß,1
65
m,1
99
0.
ß2
02
m,1
99
5
ß2
38
m,1
99
6
ß 2
83
m
ß 2
88
m
ß4
20
.5m
,19
98
ßS
ha
ngh
ai W
orl
d F
ina
nci
al C
en
ter(
),4
92
m,2
00
8
ßS
ha
ngh
ai C
en
ter(
),6
32
m in
co
nst
ruct
ion
Tall B
uild
ing
s in
Sh
an
gh
ai
Bu
ilt I
n C
on
stru
ctio
n P
lan
ed
Ab
ove
40
0m
2
1
3
30
0-4
00
m
1
1
4
20
0-3
00
m
26
8
2
6
10
0-2
00
m
4
01
17
7
NA
Th
ere
a
re 5
1 t
all
bu
ildin
gs
hig
he
r th
an
15
0m
Mo
nit
ori
ng
sys
tem
of
tall b
uild
ing
GP
S
Str
uctu
re h
ea
lth
mo
nit
ori
ng
sys
tem
re
sea
rch
Mo
nit
ori
ng
Sys
tem
Se
nso
r R
eq
uir
em
en
ts
ßLo
w p
ow
er
ßS
ynch
ron
ou
s
ßE
xpa
nd
ab
le
Wir
e o
r w
ire
less
co
mm
un
ica
tio
n
ßA
mo
ng s
en
sors
ßB
etw
ee
n s
en
sor
ne
two
rk a
nd
da
ta c
en
ter
ßE
me
rge
ncy
sys
tem
SH
M A
pp
lica
tio
ns
ßH
uge
Bri
dge
ßTa
ll b
uild
ing
ßC
om
ple
x st
ruct
ure
of
imp
ort
an
t
infr
ast
ruct
ure
ßH
eri
tage
bu
ildin
g
Exp
eri
me
nt
ßLo
cati
on
ßC
om
pa
ss/G
PS
re
ceiv
ers
ßD
ata
co
mm
un
ica
tio
n
ßIn
itia
l re
sult
s
Lo
ca
tio
n o
f To
ng
jiA
bu
ild
ing
S&
M B
uild
ing
Ton
gji
A b
uild
ing
Ton
gji A
bu
ild
ing
ßH
eig
ht
99
.5m
ß2
5 s
tore
y, 2
01
0
ßS
tee
l
ßco
ncr
ete
cyl
ind
er
core
Su
rve
yin
g&
Ma
pp
ing
Bu
ild
ing
ßH
eig
ht,
18
m
ß5
sto
rey,
19
88
Co
mp
ass
/G
PS
re
ce
ive
rs
UR
24
0-R
TK
BD
2/G
PS
Ch
an
ne
ls
PP
P
H
ori
zon
tal
Ve
rtic
al
Pre
cisi
on
Co
ld s
tart
D
ata
fo
rma
t
D
ata
fo
rma
t
Fre
qu
en
cy
Co
mp
ass
re
ce
ive
r a
t S
&M
bu
ild
ing
Co
mp
ass
re
ce
ive
r a
t To
ng
ji A
bu
ild
ing
CO
MP
AS
S/G
PS
CO
MP
AS
S/G
PS
Inte
rne
t
Da
ta C
om
mu
nic
ati
on
S&
M B
uild
ing
Sta
tio
n
Ton
gji A
Bu
ild
ing
Sta
tio
n
Ea
st c
om
po
ne
nts
No
v.8
, 2
01
2
No
v.9
, 2
01
2
No
rth
co
mp
on
en
ts
No
v.8
, 2
01
2
No
v.9
, 2
01
2
Init
ial re
sult
s
Ba
selin
e le
ng
th c
ha
ng
e
No
v.8
, 2
01
2
No
v.9
, 2
01
2
Sp
ectr
al A
na
lysi
s
No
v.8
, 2
01
2
Sp
ectr
al A
na
lysi
s
No
v.9
, 2
01
2
Sp
ectr
al A
na
lysi
s
No
v.8
, 2
01
2
Sp
ectr
al A
na
lysi
s
No
v.9
, 2
01
2
Co
nclu
sio
ns
ßA
re
alt
ime
de
form
ati
on
mo
nit
ori
ng s
yste
m is
pro
po
sed
fo
r st
ruct
ure
he
alt
h a
sse
ssm
en
t a
nd
re
sea
rch
.
ßA
n e
xpe
rim
en
t u
sin
g C
OM
PS
S/G
PS
re
ceiv
ers
to
ob
tain
d
yna
mic
al d
isp
lace
me
nts
of
Ton
gji
ma
nsi
on
A b
uild
ing
is im
ple
me
nte
d a
nd
in
itia
l re
sult
s a
re o
bta
ine
d.
ßTh
e a
ccu
racy
of
the
dyn
am
ica
l h
ori
zon
tal d
isp
lace
me
nt
ob
tain
ed
is
ab
ou
t 5
mm
.
ßW
e w
ill d
eve
lop
mo
re a
ccu
rate
re
alt
ime
dyn
am
ic
po
siti
on
ing m
eth
od
an
d in
clu
de
ob
serv
ati
on
da
ta f
rom
C
OM
PA
SS
sa
telli
tes.
Th
an
ks
for
you
r a
tte
nti
on
!