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Oxy, Chemical Looping , and Lessons from

Capture Demonstrations

Robert Hilton Robert Hilton Energy, Inc. June 14, 2016

Oxy-fuel technology

Proven Reliable Fuel Flexibility

ESP or FF

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Why Oxy-Combustion? Typical CoE for Generation

from Low Carbon Technologies

ü  With other CCS & other low carbon generation

•  Environmentally-friendly: ü  Near Zero Emissions

ü  No new chemicals introduced to plant

ü  High CO2 capture rates (>90%) ü  No constraints anticipated for large commercial units up to 1000 MWe, high efficiency with ultra-supercritical steam cycles

•  Cost competitive: ü  With other CCS & other low carbon generation

•  Environmentally-friendly: ü  Near Zero Emissions ü  No new chemicals introduced to plant ü  High CO2 capture rates (>90%)

Typical CoE for Post & Oxy CCS Technologies

Source : GE analysis – 2013 – New PC power plants with CCS including transport and storage . NEurope

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Large Pilot Plants

Demonstration

Full-Scale

2008

2018/2019

Oxy-Combustion Roadmap--Combustion Technology

Lab Scale

1990s

<3 MWth

15- 30 MWth

150- 400 MWe

600-1100 MWe

Reference Design Studies

Modeling & Tool Dev.

2012

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First oxy pilot plant with complete train for CO2 separation and capture

•  GE supplied the Boiler, ESP and other components of the flue gas path

•  Technology Partnership with Vattenfall to advance of the Oxyfuel technology

Operation started September 2008 •  Very successful – operated extensively

and reliably

•  Tests with two lignites (low/high sulfur)

•  Test phases with GE Burners (Design A+B) finished

•  Detailed performance data and operational experience

30 MWth Oxy-Combustion Pilot Plant at Vattenfall’s Schwarze Pumpe station, Germany

GE Oxy-boiler

GE Oxy-burner

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15 MWth Oxyfuel Pilot Plant GE Labs, Windsor, CT, USA

Comprehensive Program: •  5 Years (Sept. 2008 – April 2014) •  ~21.5 MUSD

Large Pilot Completed: •  Evaluated the impacts of different oxy

process options and boiler design parameters •  Detailed perfromance data (combustion, heat

transfer, pollutant emissions, deposition, corrosion …)

•  Coals tested (Low S Bit (WV), High S Bit (IL), Sub-bit (WY), Lignite (ND, DE)

•  Evaluated, improved, and validated engineering and computational tools

Scale-Up Completed: •  Development of design guidelines •  Large-scale Reference Designs •  Demonstration Design •  Ready for large demonstration

Oxy-Combustion Pilot with AQCS & GPU – Alstom, Windsor, CT, USA

NDIC

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Oxy-PC Pilot Testing - Optimized Integration with Boiler, AQCS, FGC, and GPU

ESP at Schwarze Pumpe Oxy Pilot

NID™Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization

Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization

Flue Gas Condenser

Mobile Pilot Gas Processing Unit

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CO2 Recovery Rate and Purity

TEST CAMPAIGN #1&2

Design

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Oxy-firing Integrated Approach Reference concept with integration

Design Basis • Oxy-Combustion Power Plant 900 MW

Steam Cycle: 600°C / 620°C / 275 bar • Bituminous Coal • Direct cooling (power plant, ASU, GPU) •  90% CO2 Capture - Specification for Storage • Base load operating regime •  Flexibility in oxy-mode down to 40%

Estimated Plant Performance Net Eff. (LHV) Net Output

Conventional Air-Fired Plant (No Capture) 46.2% 836 MW Oxy Capture Plant - Not Integrated 34.0% 618 MW Oxy Capture Plant - Integrated 37.1% 673 MW

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OXY- Two Major Commercial Scale Projects

•  FutureGen 2.0 •  Retrofit of existing plant- 160 MW

•  State Of Illinois

•  White Rose •  New 462 MW plant

•  United Kingdom

•  Both full Projects through to sequestration

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Proposed Site of FutureGen 2.0

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WhiteRoseSite

Alstom Drax

ProjectPromoters

National Grid

Oxy-combus+onPowerPlant&CO2Capture

CO2Transporta+on&Storage

BOC

Loca+on:DraxPowerSta+on,Selby,NorthYorkshire,UK

Drax will no longer be an equity partner but will supply existing infrastructure and operations

Summary: •  Largest Oxy-Combustion CCS project worldwide: c.a. 450 MWe (gross)

• New ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plant with full stream treatment

• Biomass co-firing : zero - or near zero - CO2 emissions

• CO2 Transport and offshore Storage network by National Grid

•  90% CO2 capture-rate

White Rose OPP Demonstration Project

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•  Heat integration serves two purposes:

−  Cooling for ASU compressor intercoolers

−  Transferring this heat to the water steam cycle

•  Several option studied pre-FEED and during FEED

•  After the condensate pumps the flow is divided in two:

~70% to the LP heaters ~30% to the ASU

exchangers •  heated from ~30°C

to 130°C •  Turbine extraction steam

flow is reduced •  Selected option recovers

up to 40 MW thermal

White Rose OPP Demonstration Project USC OPP & Heat Integration with ASU

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White Rose OPP Demonstration Project Oxy Boiler Design Features

Specifications •  448 MWe gross •  Ultra-Supercritical, sliding pressure

with spiral wall evaporator •  USC – 265/52 bar, 600/620°C •  Direct pulverized coal firing, Tilting-

tangential firing system

Design Fuel •  Range of Bituminous Coals •  Locally sources biomass

Operation •  Dual 100% Air / 100% Oxy •  Cycling load operation •  Min. Load 25%

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Full-Chain CCS Project

GOOLE

YORK

HULL

SELBY

MARKET WEIGHTO

N

DRIFFIELD

BRIDLINGTON

CO2 Store: 5/42

Offshore Platform

CO2 Pipeline

Oxy-Power Plant

Not to scale

Where Are We Now?

•  Both projects are ended without any construction •  Both worked through FEED Studies •  Permits were substantially in place •  FutureGen failed to reach Financing Close and

full contract commitments •  White Rose had Financing lined up and contracts

set •  Both governments withdrew support for different

reasons 17

Lessons Learned

•  “It ain’t over till it is over” •  Technology risk is always key to secure financing •  Ownership of the project must ultimately take the

risk •  First of a kind projects need governmental

support- full and permanent commitment •  Schedules must accommodate uncertainty,

permitting, and public participation

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A Comparison of Projects

•  Moving Forward Projects •  Parrish, Kemper, and Sask

•  Owners have assumed the risk and are the principal beneficiaries

•  Projects Stopped •  FutureGen, White Rose, TECP, HECA, Leucadia

•  Developers and /or Consortiums

•  All ended for either failure to accommodate risk/wrap guarantees or schedule delivery or political commitment

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Chemical Looping Combustion- Zero Emissions

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Pilots and Prototypes

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State of the Technology

•  Two Major Efforts •  GE

•  Completed two 3 MW pilots

•  Calcium based in Windsor Connecticut

•  Metal Based at Chalmers University in Germany

•  Ohio State and B&W •  Pilot at OSU

•  1 MW at the NCCC

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The Future CLC Roadmap?

•  Looking to 15-50 MW demo by early 2020s •  Commercial Demonstration Plant by 2025 •  Full Commercial Release in late 2020s or early

2030 •  How do we get there? •  Where does the funding come from? •  Is this in time for the future of coal?

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