Index

Page | 1468

Abies, 88 balsamea, 89 phanerolepis, Abutilon, 666 theophrasti, 666 Acacia, Rose, 571, 572 Acer, 101 negundo, 103 pensylvanicum, 103 platanoides, 104 rubrum, 104 trilobum, 105 saccharinum, 105 saccharum, 106 spicatum, 106 Aceraceae, 101 Achillea, 168 millefolium, 168 ptarmica, 169 Acoraceae, 1002 Acorus, 1002 americanus, 1002 calamus, 1003 Actaea, 782 alba, 782 pachypoda, 782 rubra, 783 Adder’s-mouth, 1266 Green, 1267 White, 1266 Adder’s tongue family, 63 Adder’s Tongue, 63 Adiantum, 75 pedatum, 75 Aegopodium, 119 podagraria, 119 Aethusa, 120 cynapium, 120 Agalinus, 930 maritima, 931 neoscotica, 932 purpurea, 932 neoscotica, 932 tenuifolia, 932 Ageratina, 169 altissima, 170 Agrimonia, 812 upatoria, 812 gryposepala, 812 striata, 813 Agrimony, 812, 813 Agropyron, 1292 cristatum, 1292 pectinatum, 1292 Agrostemma, 419 githago, 419 Agrostis, 1293 canina, 1294

capillaris, 1294 gigantea, 1295 hyemalis, 1296 scabra, 1296 perennans, 1296 stolonifera, 1297 tenuis, 1294 Aira, 1298 caryophyllea, 1298 praecox, 1299 Ajuga, 622 reptans, 623 Alchemilla, 813 arvensis, 814 filicaulis, 814 vestita, 814, 815 gracilis, 814 monticola, 815 venosa, 815 xanthochlora, 816 Alder, Downy, 319 Speckled, 318 White, 475 Alder-leaved Buckthorn, 808 Alexanders, Golden, 148 Alfalfa, 568 Alisma, 1004 gramineum, 1004 subcordatum, 1004 triviale, 1005 Alismataceae, 1004 Alkaligrass, 1338 Weeping, 1399 All-seed, Tiny, 662 Alliaria, 346 petiolata, 346 Allium, 1223 tricoccum, 1223 burdickii, 1223 tricoccum, 1223 Alnus, 317 glutinosa, 318 incana, 318 rugosa, 318 americana, 318 serrulata, 319 viridis, 319 crispa, 319 viridis, 319 Alopecurus, 1300 aequalis, 1300 geniculatus, 1301 pratensis, 1302 Alpine Bistort, 737 Whortleberry, 544 Woodsia, 26

Alsike Clover, 576 Alternate-leaved Dogwood, 487 Alyssum, Hoary, 350 Amaranth Family, 108 Amaranth, Green, 109 Amaranthaceae, 108 Amaranthus, 108 albus, 108 blitum, 110 caudatus, 108 hybridus, 109 retroflexus,109 viridus, 110 Ambrosia, 170 artemisiifolia, 171 elatior, 171 psilostachya, 172 trifida, 172 Amelanchier, 816 alnifolia, 816 arborea, 817 laevis, 820 bartramiana, 818 canadensis, 819 fernaldii, 821 gaspensis, 821 laevis, 820 lucida, 819 nantucketensis, 820 sanguinea, 821 spicata, 821 stolonifera, 821 x grandiflora, 818 x intermedia, 819 x quintimartii, 818 x wiegandii, 818 American Beech, 584 Black Currant, 605 Brooklime, 952 Dune Grass, 1367 Elm, 973 Germander, 647 Golden Dock, 763 Hydrangea, 619 Mountain-ash, 877 Pennyroyal, 628, 629 Sloughgrass, 1308 Spikenard, 158 Ammophila, 1302 arenari a, 1303 breviligulata, 1303 Amphicarpaea, 555 bracteata, 555 Anacardiaceae, 111 Anagallis, 769 arvensis, 770 minima, 770

Index

Page | 1469

Anaphalis, 173 margaritacea, 174 Anchusa, 330 arvensis, 330 Andromeda, 511 glaucophylla, 511 polifolia, 511 glaucophylla, 511 Anemone, 783 canadensis, 784 multifida, 785 parviflora, 785 quinquefolia, 786 virginiana, 786 alba, 786 Anemone, Small-flowered, 785 Wood, 786 Angelica, 120, 122 atropurpurea, 121 lucida, 121 sylvestris, 122 Angelica, 120 Purple, 121 Seaside, 121 Anise-root, 141 Annual Speargrass, 1392 Water Minerslettuce, 766 Antennaria, 174 howellii, 175 canadensis, 175 neodioica, 175 petaloidea, 175 neglecta, 176 parlinii, 176 pulcherrima, 176 rosea, 177 arida, 177 Anthemis, 177 arvensis, 177 cotula, 178 tinctoria, 178 Anthoxanthum, 1304 odoratum, 1304 Anthriscus, 123 sylvestris, 123 Antirrhinum, 930 majus, 930 Aphanes, Apiaceae, 116 Apios, 556 americana, 556 Apocynaceae, 149 Apocynum, 149 androsaemifolium, 150 cannabinum, 150 x floribundum, 151

Appalachian Polypody, 73 Apple, 837, 839 Apple Mint, 638 Apple-of-Peru, 963 Aquifoliaceae, 153 Aquilegia, 787 vulgaris, 787 Arabis, 347 drummondi, 352 glabra, 352 hirsuta, 347 pycnocarpa, 347 Araceae, 1009 Aralia, 156 hispida, 157 nudicaulis, 157 racemosa, 158 Araliaceae, 156 Arbutus, Trailing, 518 Arceuthobium, 998 pusillum, 998 Arctium, 179 minus, 179 nemorosum, 180 tomentosum, 180 vulgare, 180 Arctostaphylos, 512 uva-ursi, 512 Arenaria, 420 serpyllifolia, 420 Arethusa, 1245 bulbosa, 1245 Argentina, 822 anserina, 822 egedii, 823 groenlandica, 823 Arisaema, 1009 triphyllum, 1009 stewardsonii, 1009 triphyllum, 1009 Armoracia, 347 rusticana, 348 Arnica, 181 lonchophylla, 181 Arnoseris, 181 minima, 181 Aronia, arbutifolia, 841 melanocarpa, 840 prunifolia, 840 Arrhenatherum, 1305 elatius, 1306 Arrowgrass, 1215, 1217 Arrowgrass family, 1215 Arrowhead, 1005 Common, 1007 Northern, 1006 Slender, 1006

Arrow-wood, Southern, 414 Artemisia, 182 absinthium, 182 biennis, 183 campestris, 184 borealis, 184 caudata, 184 pontica, 184 stelleriana, 185 vulgaris, 185 Artichoke, Jerusalem, 227 Arum family, 1009 Asclepiadaceae, 161 Asclepias, 161 Incarnata, 161 syriaca, 162 Ash, Black, 688 European, 688 Green, 689 White, 687 Asparagus, 1224 officinalis, 1224 Aspen, Bigtooth, 894 Large-toothed, 894 Trembling, 896 Asphodel, False, 1237 Aspleniaceae, 1 Asplenium, 1 trichomanes, 1 trichomanes-ramosum, 2 Aster, acuminatus, 252 X blakei, 253 borealis, 290 ciliolatus, 292 cordifolius, 292 lanceolatus, 294 lateriflorus, 294 nemoralis, 254 novae-angliae, 295 novi-belgii, 296 parviceps, 297 pilosus, 297 puniceus, 298 tradescanti, 299 umbellatus, 210 undulatus, 300 Aster family, 163 Aster, Alkali Rayless, 291 Bigleaf, 219 Bog, 220 Heart-leaved, 292 New England, 295 New York, 296 Northern Bog, 290

Index

Page | 1470

Rough, 298 Tall Leafy White, 210 Tall Flat-topped, 210 Wood, 252 Asteraceae, 163 Astragalus, 556 robbinsii, 557 minor, 557 Athyrium, 11 filix-femina, 11 angustum, 11 Atriplex, 455 acadiensis, 457 franktonii, 457 glabriuscula, 456 acadiensis, 457 franktonii, 457 glabriuscula, 457 hastata, 457 laciniata, 458 littoralis, 458 patula, 459 prostrata, 460 rosea, 461 Austrian Pine, 99 Avena, 1305 fatua, 130 sativa, 1307 Avens, 832 Eastern Mountain, 835 Purple, 836 White, 834 Awlwort, 384, 385 Axyris amaranthoides, 455 Baby’s-breath, False, 885 Bachelor’s Buttons, 195 Bakeapple, 867 Ball Mustard, 380 Balm of Gilead, 895 Balmony, 933 Balsam-fir, 89 Balsam Groundsel, 257 Balsaminaceae, 309 Baneberry, 782 Red, 783 White, 782 Barbarea, 348 vulgaris, 349 Barberry family, 312 Barberry, 312 Common, 313 Japanese, 313 Barley, 1364 Cultivated, 1365 Foxtail, 1364 Barnyard Grass, Bartonia, 592 paniculata, 593

iodandra, 593 virginica, 594 Bartsia, Red, 944, 945 Basil, Wild, 624 Basswood, 971 Bastard Toadflax, Bayberry Family, 678 Bayberry, 678 Beach Blue Flag, 1181 Grass, 1303 Pea, 561 Wormwood, 185 Beak-rush, 1153 Beaked Hazelnut, 327 Bean family, 553 Bearberry, 512 Beard-tongue, 946, 947 Beauty, Meadow, 671 Spring, 765 Beckmannia syzigachne, 1307 Bedstraw, 881 Common, 886 Marsh, 886 Northern, 884 Rough, 883 Small, 887 Sweet-scented, 888 Yellow, 888 Beech family, 584 Beech, 584 American, 584 Beech-drops, 708. 709 Beggar’s-ticks, 187, 189 Common, 190 Northern, 191 Swamp, 189 Bellflower Family, 392 Bellflower, 394 Clustered, 394 Bellis, perennis, 186 Bellwort, 1239 Bentgrass, 1293 Creeping, 1297 Velvet, 1294 Berberidaceae, 312 Berberis, 312 thunbergii, 313 vulgaris, 313 Berteroa, 350 incana, 350 Betula, 320 alleghaniensis, 321 glandulosa, 322 michauxii, 323 papyrifera, 324 commutata, 324

cordifolia, 324 macrostachya, 324 pensilis, 324 populifolia, 324 pumila, 325 glandulifera, 325 pumila, 325 renifolia, 325 saxophila, 325 x dutillyi, 325 x minor, 325 Betulaceae, 317 Bidens, 187 beckii, 188 cernua, 189 connata, 189 discoidea, 190 frondosa, 190 hyperborea, 191 vulgata, 191 Biennial Wormwood, 183 Bigbract Vervain, 983 Bigsheath Pondweed, 1442 Bigtooth Aspen, 894 Bilberry, 817, 821 Dwarf, 539 Bilderdykia, cilinodis, 753 Bindweed, Field, 486 Hedge, 485 Birch family, 317 Birch, 320 Bog, 325 Dwarf, 322, 323 Gray, 324 Paper, 324 Wire, 324 Yellow, 321 Birds-eye, 954 Speedwell, 954 Birdsfoot-trefoil, 565 Bishop’s Cap, 922, 923 Bistort, Alpine, 737 Bitter Cress, 362 Milkwort, 731 Bittersweet, 965 Oriental, 450 Black Currant, 607 Bristly, 606 Grass, 1199 Locust, 572 Medick, 568 Mustard, 354 Sedge, 1090 Snakeroot, 144

Index

Page | 1471

Spruce, 93 Blackberry, Bristly, 872 Common, 865 Pennsylvanian, 870 Smooth, 866 Black-eyed Susan, 265 Blackthorn, 854 Bladder Fern, 12 Bulblet, 12 Laurentian, 14 Mountain, 14 Bladder-campion, 440 Bladderwort family, 649 Bladderwort, Zigzag, 657 Blechnaceae, 4 Blight, Coast, 463 Blinks, 766 Blitum, Blood Milkwort, 732 Bloodroot, 716, 717 Bloodwort family, 1173 Blue Cohosh, 314 Flag, 1181 Beach, 1181 Slender, 1180 Lobelia, 399 Scorpion-grass, 340 Toadflax, 944 Vervain, 984 Violet, 990 Bluebead Lily, 1226 Bluebells, 335 Blueberry, Bog, 544 Highbush, 540 Lowbush, 538 Northern, 539 Oval-leaved, 542 Velvet-leaf, 542 Bluegrass, 1390 Canada, 1392 Fowl, 1395 Kentucky, 1396 Rough, 1398 Woodland, 1394 Bluets, 889 Blueweed, 333 Blue-eyed Grass, 1182 Blue-eyed Mary, 934 Blue-joint, 1318 Blunt-leaved Dock, 761 Blunt-leaved Rein Orchid, 1278 Blysmopsis, 1016 rufa, 1016

Blymus, rufus, 1016 Boechera, 351 stricta, 352 Boehmeria, 975 cylindica, 976 Bog Blueberry, 544 Chickweed, 445 Goldenrod, 281 Huckleberry, 521 Yellow-eyed-grass, 1460 Bog-orchid, Northern Green, 1275 Tall White Northern, 1272 Bog-rosemary, 511 Bolboschoenus, 1017 maritimus, 1017 robustus, 1018 Boneset, 218 Borage, 330 Borage family, 329 Boraginaceae, 329 Borago, 330 officinalis, 330 Botrychium, dissectum, 64 obliquum, 64 lanceolatum, 65 angustisegmentum, 65 lunaria, 65 matricariaefolium, 66 minganense, 66 multifidum, 67 simplex, 67 virginianum, 68 Bottlebrush Grass, 1342 Bouncing-bet, 433 Box-elder, 103 Brachyelytrum, 1307 aristosum, 1308 erectum, 1308 glabrata, 1309 septentrionale, 1309 Bracken, 8 Bramble, 864 Brasenia, 388 schreberi, 388 Brass-buttons, 205 Brassica, 353 juncea, 353 nigra, 354 oleraceus, 353 rapa, 355 Brassicaceae, 343 Braun’s Holly Fern, 24 Bristly Black Currant, 606

Locust, 571 Sarsaparilla, 157 Brittle Fern, McKay’s, 14 Briza, 1310 media, 1311 Broad-lipped Twayblade, 1264 Bromegrass, 1311 Fringed, 1311 Smooth, 1315 Bromus, 1311 ciliatus, 1312 commutatus, 1315 erectus, 1313 hordeaceus, 1314 inermis, 1315 racemosus, 1315 secalinus, 1316 tectorum, 1316 Brooklime, American, 952 Brookweed, 779 Broom, 557 Scotch, 557 Broom-crowberry, 516 Broom-rape family, 707 Broom-rape, 709 Brown-top, 1294 Buckbean family, 673 Buckbean, 673 Buckhorn, 720 Buckthorn family, 806 Buckthorn, 806 Alder-leaved, 808 Common, 808 Glossy, 806 Buckwheat family, 733 Buckwheat, 733 Climbing False, 754 Wild, 753 Buffaloberry, Russet, 507 Bugle, 622 Bugleweed, 634 Northern, 635 Bugloss, 330 Small, 330 Viper’s, 333 Buglossoides, 331 arvensis, 331 Bugosi, 133 Bulbostylis, 1018 capillaris, 1019 Bulbous Water-hemlock, 126 Bull Thistle, 199 Bulrush, Long’s, 1166 Red, 1016 Saltmarsh, 1017 Sturdy, 1018 Bunchberry 488

Index

Page | 1472

Bur-marigold, Nodding, 189 Bur-reed family, 1448 Bur-reed, 1448 Giant, 1452 Burdock, 179 Common, 179 Woodland, 180 Woolly, 180 Burning Nettle, 981 Burnet, 872 Canadian, 873 Garden, 849 Great, 873 Salad-, 848 Burnet-saxifrage, 143 Bush Honeysuckle, 404, 405 Bushy Knotweed, 752 Butomaceae, 1013 Butomus, 1013 umbellatus, 1013 Butter-and-eggs, 940 Buttercup family, 781 Buttercup, 794 Bulbous, 797 Creeping, 801 Long-beaked, 800 Seashore, 798 Tall, 796 Wood, 795 Butternut, 620 Butterwort, 649 Buttonbush, 880 Buttonbush Dodder, 498 Cabbage, Skunk, 1011 Cabombaceae, 388 Cakile, 356 edentula, 356 Calamagrostis, 1317 canadensis, 1318 cinnoides, 1319 coarctata, 1319 epigeios, 1317 pickeringii, 1319 stricta, 1320 inexpansa, 1320 stricta, 1320 Calamus, 1003 Calla, palustris, 1010 Calla, Wild, 1010 Callitrichaceae, 389 Callitriche, 389 hermaphroditica, 389 heterophylla, 390 palustris, 391 Calluna, 513 vulgaris, 513 Calopogon, 1245

tuberosus, 1246 Caltha, 788 palustris, 788 Calystegia, 485 sepium, 485 americana, 485 Camelina, 357 microcarpa, 357 sativa, 357 Campanula, 392 aparinoides, 393 glomerata, 394 rapunculoides, 394 rotundifolia, 395 trachelium, 396 Campanulaceae, 392 Campion, 434 Moss, 435 Red, 438 White, 439 Canada Holly, 155 Lily, 1229 Thistle, 199 Violet, 989 Yew, 101 Canada-plum, 852 Canadian Ricegrass, 1388 Canarygrass, 1383 Reed, 1383, 1384 Cancer-root, 708 Cannabaceae, 401 Cannabis, 401 sativa, 401 Capitate Spikerush, 1155 Caprifoliaceae, 404 Capsella, 358 bursa-pastoris, 358 Caraway, 124 Cardamine, 359 diphylla, 359 maxima, 360 parviflora, 361 arenicola, 361 pensylvanica, 362 pratensis, 362 Cardaria, 363 draba, 363 Carduus, 192 acanthoides, 192 crispus, 193 nutans, 194 Carex, 1019 adusta, 1069 albicans, 1022 albicans, 1022 emmonsii, 1022 alopecoidea, 1125

aquatilis, 1087 arctata, 1053 argyrantha, 1069 atlantica, 1120 atlantica, 1120 capillacea, 1120 atratiformis, 1115 aurea, 1033 bebbii, 1070 bromoides, 1042 brunnescens, 1044 brunnescens, 1044 sphaerostachya,1044 bullata, 1102 buxbaumii, 1116 canescens, 1045 canescens, 1045 disjuncta, 1045 capillaris, 1040 castanea, 1054 chordorrhiza, 1039 communis, 1024 comosa, 1103 1072 conoidea, 1049 crawei, 1048 crawfordii, 1071 crinita, 1087 cryptolepis, 1036 cumulata, 1071 debilis, 1055 rudgei, 1055 deflexa, 1025 deweyana, 1042 diandra, 1050 digitalis, 1035 dioica, 1098 disperma, 1043 eburnea, 1031 echinata, 1121 emmonsii, 1024 exilis, 1122 flacca, 1124 flava, 1037 foenea, 1076 folliculata, 1117 garberi, 1034 gracillima, 1055 granularis, 1048 gynandra, 1088 gynocrates, 1098 hirta, 1051 hirtifolia, 1052 hormathodes, 1072 houghtoniana, 1080 hystericina, 1104 interior, 1122 intumescens, 1064 lacustris, 1081

Index

Page | 1473

lasiocarpa,1082 laxiflora, 1057 ormostachya, 1058 lenticularis, 1089 leptalea, 1059 leptonervia, 1057 limosa, 1062 livida, 1085 longii, 1073 lucorum, 1026 lupulina, 1065 lurida, 1105 mackenziei, 1046 michauxiana, 1118 nigra, 1090 nigromarginata, 1028 norvegica, 1116 novae-angliae, 1027 oligosperma, 1106 ormostachya, 1058 ovalis, 1074 paleacea, 1091 pallescens, 1099 panicea, 1086 pauciflora, 1061 peckii, 1028 pedunculata, 1041 pellita, 1083 pensylvanica, 1028 prairea, 1051 projecta, 1075 pseudocyperus, 1107 radiata, 1095 rariflora, 1063 recta, 1092 retrorsa, 1108 rosea, 1096 rostrata, 1109 utriculata, 1112 rugrosperma, 1029 saxatilis, 1109 scabrata,1032 scirpoidea, 1119 scoparia, 1075 siccata, 1076 silicea, 1077 spicata, 1096 stipata, 1125 stricta, 1093 swanii, 1100 tenera,1077 tenuiflora, 1047 tincta, 1078 tonsa, 1029 rugrosperma, 1029 torta, 1094 tribuloides, 1079 trisperma, 1048

billingsii, 1048 tuckermanii, 1110 umbellata, 1030 utriculata, 1112 vesicaria, 1113 viridula, 1037 brachyrrhyncha, 1038 elatior, 1038 saxilittoralis, 1038

oedocarpa, 1038 saxilittoralis, 1038 viridula, 1038

vulpinoidea, 1066 wiegandii, 1123 Carex (Sections): ACROCYSTIS, 1022 ALBAE, 1030 ANOMALAE, 1031 BICOLORES, 1033 CAREYANAE, 1035 CERATOCYSTIS, 1036 CHORDORRHIZAE, 1038 CHLOROSTACHYAE, 1039 CLANDESTINAE, 1040 DEWEYANAE, 1041 DISPERMAE, 1043 GLAREOSAE, 1043 GRANULARES, 1048 GRISEAE, 1049 HELEOGLOCHIN, 1050 HIRTAE, 1051 HIRTIFOLIAE, 1051 HYMENOCHLAENAE, 1052 LAXIFLORAE, 1056 LEPTOCEPHALAE, 1059 LEUCOGLOCHIN, 1060 LIMOSAE, 1061 LUPULINAE, 1064 MULTIFLORAE, 1066 OVALES, 1067 PALUDOSAE, 1080 PANICEAE, 1084 PHACOCYSTIS, 1086 PHAESTOGLOCHIN, 1094 PHYSOGLOCHIN, 1097 POROCYSTIS, 1098 PSEUDO-CYPERAE, 1101 RACEMOSAE, 1114 ROSTRALES, 1116 SCIRPINAE, 1118 STELLULATAE, 1119 THURINGIACA, 1124 VULPINAE, 1124 Carpet-cress, 377 Carpet-weed, 677 Carpet-weed family, 677 Carrot family, 116 Carrot, Wild, 131

Carum, 124 carvi, 124 Caryophyllaceae, 418 Case’s Ladies’-tresses, 1281 Cashew family, 111 Cassandra, 514 Castilleja coccinea, 932 Catchfly, Forking, 437 Night-flowering, 440 Sleepy, 436 Sweet William, 436 Cat Spruce, 92 Cat’s-ear, 241 Cat-tail family, 1457 Cat-tail, 1457 Broad-leaved, 1458 Narrow-leaved, 1457 Catbrier family, 1446 Catbrier, 1446 Catgrass, 1359 Catnip, 640 Caucasian Stonecrop, 493 Caulophyllum, 314 thalictroides, 314 Cedar, 86 Eastern White, 7 Celandine, 715 Celastraceae, 450 Celastrus, 450 orbiculata, 450 Centaurea, 194 cyanus, 195 maculosa, 197 nigra, 196 nigrescens, 197 stoebe, 197 micranthos, 197 x moncktoni, 197 Centaurium, 594 erythraea, 594 pulchellum, 595 Centaury, 594 Centunculus, 770 minimus, 770 Cephalanthus, 880 occidentalis, 880 Cerastium, 421 arvense, 421 arvense, 421 trictum, 421 fontanum, 422 vulgare, 422 pumilum, 422 semidecandrum, 423 tomentosum, 424 vulgatum, 422 Ceratophyllaceae, 453

Index

Page | 1474

Ceratophyllum, 453 demersum, 453 echinatum, 454 Chaenorrhinum, 932 minus, 933 Chaffweed, 770 Chain Fern, 4 Dwarf, 4 Virginia, 5 Chain Fern family, 4 Chamaedaphne, 514 calyculata, 514 Chamaesyce, glytpyosperma, 547 maculata, 547 polygonifolia, 548 vermiculata, 549 Chamerion, 691 angustifolium,692 circumvagum, 692 Chamomile, 177, 251 Corn, 178 Yellow, 178 Cheat, 1316 Checkerberry, 519 Checkered Rattlesnake Plantain, 1260 Cheeses, 669 Chelidonium, 715 majus, 715 Chelone, 933 glabra, 933 Chenopodiaceae, 455 Chenopodium, album, 462 botrys, 462 dessicatum, 464 glaucum, 463 murale, 464 rubrum, 463 Cherry, Bird-, 852 Black, 853 Choke-, 854 Pin-, 852 Sour Red 851, Sweet, 850 Chervil, Wild, 123 Chess, 1316 Downy, 1316 Hairy, 1315 Soft, 1314 Chickweed, 421 Field, 421 Bog, 445 Indian, 677 Long-leaved, 448 Marsh, 445

Mouse-ear, 422 Chicory, 198 Chimaphila, 514 umbellata, 515 Chinese Mustard, Chiogenes, 519 hispidula, 519 Choke-cherry, 854 Chokeberry, Black, 840 Purple, 840 Red, 841 Christmas Fern, 24 Chrysanthemum, 301 parthenium, 301 Chrysosplenium, 921 americanum, 922 Cicely, Swett, 140 Hairy Sweet, 141 Cichorium, 198 intybus, 198 Cicuta, 125 bulbifera, 126 maculata, 126 Cinna, 1321 arundinacea, 1322 latifolia, 1323 Cinquefoil, 842 Five-finger, 848 Norvegian, 846 Rough, 846 Shrubby, 829 Silvery, 844 Sulphur, 847 Circaea, 692 alpina, 693 canadensis, 694 lutetiana, 694 canadensis, 694 x intermedia, 694 Cirsium, 199 arvense, 199 muticum, 200 palustre, 201 vulgare, 202 Cistaceae, 471 Cladium, 1126 mariscoides, 1126 Clammy Locust, 71 Claytonia, 765 caroliniana, 765 Clearweed, 977 Dwarf, 978 Cleavers, 883, 885 Clematis, 789, 791 occidentais, 790 verticillaris, 790

virginiana, 791 Clematis, Purple, 790 Clethra, 475 alnifolia, 475 Clethraceae, 47 Cliff-brake, Slender, 76 Clinopodium, 623 vulgare, 624 Clintonia, 1225 borealis, 1126 Clintonia Lily, 1226 Cloudberry, 867 Clover, 574 Alsike, 576 Creeping White, 578 Low Hop, 575 Rabbitfoot, 574 Red, 577 Sweet, 569 Yellow, 570 Club-moss family, 46 Clubmoss, 56 Bog, 55 Bristly, 57 Fir, 53 Tree, 61 Club-spur, Northern, 1271 Clusiaceae, 477 Clustered Bellflower, 394 Coastal Plain Goldenrod, 220 Cochlearia, 364 tridactylites, 364 Cockle, Red, 438 White, 439 Cocklebur, 308 Coeloglossum viride, 1255 coffee family, 880 Cohosh, Blue, 314 Collinsia, 934 parviflora, 934 Collomia 727 Linearus, 727 Coltsfoot, 258, 306, 307, Sweet, 258 Columbine, 787 Garden, 787 Comandra, 916 umbellata, 916 umbellata, 916 Comarum, 823 palustre, 823 Comfrey, Common, 342 Rough, 341 Wild, 332 Common Arrowhead, 1007

Index

Page | 1475

Buckthorn, 808 Chickweed, 448 Comfrey, 342 Dodder, 499 Dog Mustard, 372 Elder, 410 Eyebright, 936 Flax, 661 Hairgrass,1330 Heathgrass, 1327 Juniper, 85 Milkweed, 162 Mullein, 950 Oak Fern, 21 Periwinkle, 152 Plantain, 721 Purslane,767 Quickweed, 222 Ragweed, 171 Speedwell,955 Sunflower, 226 Wood-rush, 1212 Wormwood, 182 Compositae, 163 Comptonia, 678 peregrina, 679 Coneflower, 266 Conioselinum, 127 chinense, 127 Conium, 128 maculatum, 128 Conopholis, 707 americana, 708 Conringia, 365 orientalis, 365 Convallaria, 1226 majalis, 1227 Convolvulaceae, 485 Convolvulus, 486 arvensis, 486 Conyza, 202 canadensis, 203 Coptis, 791 trifolia, 792 Coral-root, 1246 Early, 1248 Northern, 1248 Spotted, 1247 Corallorhiza, 1246 maculata, 1247 occidentalis, 1247 trifida, 1248 Cordgrass, 1407, 1408 Prairie, 1409 Corema, 515 conradii, 515 Coreopsis, 203 rosea, 204

Coreopsis, Pink, 204 Coriander, 130 Coriandrum, 129 sativum, 130 Corn Chamomile, 177 Corn-cockle, 419 Cornaceae, 487 Cornflower, 195 Cornus, 487 alternifolia, 487 canadensis, 488 rugosa, 489 sericea, 489 suecica, 490 x acadiensis, 488 Coronilla varia, 573 Coronopus didymus, 377 Corydalis, 588 sempervirens, 588 Corylus, 326 cornuta, 327 Cotton Thistle, 256 Cottongrass, 1146 Rusty, 1149 Tawny, 1151 Cotula, 204 Coronopifolia, 205 Couchgrass, 1343 Cowbane, Spotted, 126 Cow-cockle, 449 Cow-lily, 684 Cow-parsnip, 133 Cow-wheat, 942 Crab-apple, Plum-leaf, 838 Siberian, 838 Crabgrass, 1336 Small, 1337 Cranberry, Large, 541 Mountain, 545 Small, 543 Cranberrybush, 416 Crane’s-bill, Dove’s-foot, 601 Small-flowered, 602 Crassula, 491 aquatica, 491 Crassulaceae, 491 Crataegus, 824 brainerdii, 825 chrysocarpa, 826 coccinea, 826 crus-galli, 826 flabellata, 826 mollis, 827 monogyna, 827 punctata, 828

submollis, 827 succulenta, 828 x densiflora 826 Creeper, Virginia, 999 Creeping Jenny, 773 Juniper, 86 Rattlesnake Plantain, 1259 Snowberry, 519 Wood-sorrel, 711 Yellowcress, 382 Crepis, 205 capillaris, 206 tectorum, 207 Cress, Bitter, 362 Garden,378 Hoary, 363 Crested Dogstail Grass, 1324 Shield Fern, 18 Wheatgrass, 1292 Cross, Maltese, 427 Crowberry, 516 Black, 517 Purple, 516 Crowfoot, 794 Cursed, 802 Crown Vetch, 573 Cryptogramma, 76 stelleri, 76 Cuckoo Flower, 362 Cucumber, Wild, 495 Cucumber-root, Indian, 1233 Cucurbitaceae, 495 Cudweed, 223 Low, 223 Cultivated Rye, 1405 Vetch, 580 Cupressaceae, 85 Curled Dock, 759 Curly-grass Family, 78 Currant, Black, 607 American, 605 Bristly, 606 Red, 607 Wild, 607 Skunk, 605 Cuscuta, campestris, 497 cephalanthi, 498 epithymum, 498 gronovii, 499 Cuscutaceae, 497 Cutgrass, Rice, 1366

Index

Page | 1476

Cyclachaena, 207 xanthifolia, 208 Cymbalaria, 934 muralis, 934 Cynoglossum, 331 boreale, 332 officinale, 332 virginianum, 332 Cynosurus, 1324 cristatus, 1324 Cyperaceae, 1014 Cyperus, 1127 dentatus, 1128 diandrus, 1129 esculentus, 1130 filiculmis, 1130 lupulinus, 1130 Cypress family, 85 Cypress Spurge, 550 Cypripedium, 1249 acaule, 1250 arietinum, 1251 parviflorum, 1252 makasin, 1252 pubescens, 1253 reginae, 1254 Cystopteris, bulbifera, 12 fragilis, 13 laurentiana, 14 montana, 14 tenuis, 14 Cytisus, 557 scoparius, 557 Dactylis, 1324 glomerata, 1325 Dactylorhiza, 1254 viride, 1255 Daisy Fleabane, 213 Daisy, English, 186, 187 Ox-eye, 250 Dalibarda repens, 867 Dame’s Rocket, 374 Dandelion, 303 Fall, 249 Red-seeded, 303 Danthonia, 1325 compressa, 1326 decumbens, 1327 spicata, 1328 Daphne, 967, 968 mezereum, 968 Dasiphora, 829 fruticosa, 829 Datura, 960 stramonium, 960 Daucus, 130

carota, 131 Day-lily, 1228 Tawny, 1229 Deadnettle, Red, 632 Decodon, 663 verticillatus, 663 Deergrass, 1170 punctilobula, 7 Dennstaedtiaceae, 7 Dense-tufted Hair Sedge,1019 Deparia, 15 acrostichoides, 15 Deptford Pink, 425 Deschampsia, 1328 cespitosa, 1329 flexuosa, 1330 montana, 1330 Descurainia, 365 pinnata, 365 brachycarpa, 365 sophia, 366 Desmodium, 558 canadense, 559 glutinosum, 560 Devil, King, 235 Devil’s-bit, 501 Dewberry, 868 Swamp, 868 Dianthus, 424 armeria, 425 deltoides, 425 Diapensia, 500 lapponica, 500 Diapensiaceae, 500 Dicentra, 589 Cucullaria, 589 Dichanthelium, acuminatum, 1331

acuminatum, 1331 fasciculatum, 1331 lindheimeri, 1331

boreale, 1332 clandestinum, 1332 depauperatum, 1333 linearifolium, 1333 meridionale, 1334 spretum, 1334 xanthophysum, 1335 Diervilla, 404 lonicera, 405 Digitaria, 1336 ischaemum, 1337 sanguinalis, 1337 Diphasiastrum, 46 complanatum, 47 digitatum, 48 sitchense, 48 tristachyum, 50

x habereri, 48 x sabinifolium, 49 Diplotaxis, 366 muralis, 367 tenuifolia, 367 Dipsacaceae, 501 Dirca, 969 palustris, 969 Distichlis, 1338 spicata, 1338 Ditchgrass family, 1443 Ditchgrass, 1443 Dittrichia, 208 graveolens, 209 Dock, American, 759 Golden, 763 Blunt-leaved, 761 Curled, 759 Sea-beach, 762 Water, 761 Dodder family, 497 Dodder, Buttonbush, 498 Dodder, Common, 499 Doellingeria, 210 umbellata, 210 Dogbane family, 149 Dog-mustard, 372 Dogbane, 149 Spreading, 150 Dogberry, 876 Dog Mustard, 373 Common, 372 Rose, 858 Violet, 983, 990 Dogtooth Violet, 1228 Dogwood family, 487 Dogwood, Alternate-leaved, 487 Red Osier, 489 Round-leaved, 489 Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill, 601 Downy Chess, 1316 Rattlesnake Plantain, 1259 Draba, 368 arabisans, 368 glabella, 369 norvegica, 369 clivicola,369 norvegica, 369 pycnosperma, 370 verna, 371 Draba, Smooth, 369 Dracocephalum, 624 parviflorum, 625 Dragon-head, 624, 625

Index

Page | 1477

Dragon’s-mouth, 1245 Dropseed, 1411 Sheathed, 1411 Dropwort, 830 Drosera, 502 filiformis, 502 intermedia, 503 rotundifolia, 504 X beleziana, 504 Droseraceae, 502 Dryopteridaceae, 10 Dryopteris, 16 campyloptera, 17 carthusiana, 18 cristata, 18 filix-mas, 19 fragrans, 19 intermedia, 20 marginalis, 21 x bootii, 18 x triploidea, 18 Duckweed Family, 1219 Duckweed, 1221 Star, 1219 Turion, 1220 Dulichium, 1131 arundinaceum, 1130 Dusty Miller, 185 Dutchman’s-breeches, 589 Dwarf Bilberry, 539 Chain Fern, 4 Ginseng, 159 Mallow, 669 Mountain Fleabane, 213 Raspberry, 871 Scouring Rush, 37 Snapdragon, 933 Mistletoe, 991 Dyer’s Greenwood, 560 Dyer’s-rocket, 805 Early Coral-root, 1248 Eastern Dwarf Mistletoe, 991 Hemlock, 100 Larch, 90 Teaberry 519, Echinochloa, crusgalli, 1340 frumentacea, 1340 muricata, 1341 microstachya, 1341 Echinocystis, 495 lobata, 495 Echium, 333 pustulatum, 334 vulgare, 333 Eelgrass family, 1463

Eelgrass, 1463 Eglantine Rose, 860 Elaeagnaceae, 505 Elaeagnus, 505 angustifolia, 506 umbellata, 506 Elatinaceae, 508 Elatine, 508 minima, 508 Elder, Common, 410 Red-berried, 411 Elderberry, 410 Elecampane, 242 Eleocharis, 1132 acicularis, 1135 elliptica, 1135 fallax, 1136 flavescens, 1138 olivacea, 1138 halophila, 1146 nitida, 1136 obtusa, 1137 olivacea, 1138 ovata, 1139 palustris, 1139 parvula, 1140 pauciflora, 1141 quinqueflora, 1141 robbinsii, 1143 rostellata, 1144 tenuis, 1145 borealis, 1135 tuberculosa, 1145 uniglumis, 1146 Elm Family, 973 Elm, 973 American, 973 English, 974 European Field, 974 Scotch, 974 White, 974 Elodea, 1176 canadensis, 1176 nuttallii, 1177 Elyhordeum montanense, 1365 Elymus, 1342 hystrix, 1342 mollis, 1367 pungens, 1412 repens, 1343 trachycaulus, 1344 subsecundus, 1344 virginicus, 1344 halophilus, 1344 wiegandii, 1345 Empetraceae, 516 Empetrum, 516

eamsii, 516 eamsii, 516 atropurpureum, 516 nigrum, 517 rubrum, 516 Enchanter’s Nightshade, 692 Large, 694 Small, 693 English Daisy, 186, 187 Ivy, 159 Oak, 586 Violet, 993 Englishman’s Footprint, 721 Epifagus, 708 virginiana, 709 Epigaea, 518 repens, 518 Epilobium, angustifolium, 692 ciliatum, 695 ciliatum, 695 glandulosum, 695 coloratum, 695 glandulosum, 695 hornemannii, 695 lactiflorum, 698 hirsutum, 697 leptophyllum, 699 palustre, 699 strictum, 700 Epipactis, 1255 helleborine, 1256 Equisetaceae, 30 Equisetum, 30 arvense, 31 fluviatile, 32 hyemale, 33 palustre, 35 pratense, 36 scirpoides, 37 sylvaticum, 39 variegatum, 39 x litorale, 34 Eragrostis, 1346 cilianensis, 1347 minor, 1348 pectinacea, 1349 pilosa, 1349 Erechtites, 211 hieracifolia, 211 Ericaceae, 509 Erigeron, 212 annuus, 213 compositus, 213 hyssopifolius, 214 philadelphicus,215 strigosus, 215

Index

Page | 1478

septentrionalis, 215 Eriocaulaceae, 1171 Eriocaulon, 1171 aquaticum, 1171 Eriophorum, 1146 angustifolium, 1147 triste, 1147 chamissonis, 1149 gracile, 1148 russeolum, 1149 tenellum, 1150 vaginatum, 1150 virginicum, 1151 viridi-carinatum, 1152 Erodium, 599 cicutarium, 599 Erophilla, 371 verna, 371 Erucastrum, 371 gallicum, 372 Erysimum, 372 cheiranthoides, 373 hieraciifolium, 373 inconspicuum, 374 Erythronium, 1227 americanum, 1228 Eschscholtzia califonica, 716 Euonymus, 451 europaeus, 451 Eupatoriadelphus, 216 dubius, 216 maculatus, 217 foliosum, 217 Eupatorium, 218 perfoliatum, 218 rugosum, 170 Euphorbia, 549 cyparissias, 550 esula, 550 exigua,551 helioscopia, 551 peplus, 551 Euphorbiaceae, 546 Euphrasia, 935 disjuncta, 935 nemorosa, 936 randii, 936 stricta, 937 European Gooseberry, 608 Mountain-ash, 876. 877 Spindle-tree, 451 Eurybia, 219 macrophylla, 219 radula, 220 Euthamia, 220 caroliniana, 221 galetorum, 221

graminifolia, 222 tenuifolia, 221 Evening-primrose Family, 691 Evening-primrose, 702, 703 Hairy, 706 Large- flowered, 704 Narrow-leaved, 703 Small-flowered, 704 Everlasting, Pea, 563 Pearly, 173, 174 Eyebright, 935, 944 Common, 936 Medicinal, 937 Polar, 935 Small, 936 Fabaceae, 553 Fagaceae, 584 Fagopyrum, 733 esculentum, 733 tataricum, 734 Fagus, 584 grandifolia, 584 Fairy Flax, 660 Fall Panicgrass, 1378 False Asphodel, 1237 Baby’s-breath, 885 Flax, 357 Holly, 154 Melic, 1404 Mermaidweed, 658 Mitrewort, 923. 927 Nettle, 977 Pimpernel, 941 Solomon’s-seal, 123 Large, 1231 Starry, 1232 Three-leaved, Spiraea, 874 Toadflax, 917 Felwort, 596 Fen Orchid, 1261 Fern family, Chain, 4 Climbing, 78 Maidenhair, 75 Marsh, 81 Royal, 70 Wood, 10 Fern, Bladder, 12 Bulblet, 12 Laurentian, 14 Mountain, 14 Bog, 84 Brittle, 13 MacKay’s, 14 Chain,

Dwarf, 4 Virginia, 5 Christmas, 24 Cinnamon, 70 Crested Shield, 18 Curly-grass, 78 Fiddlehead, 22 Grape, 63 Hay-scented, 7 Holly, 24 Braun’s, 24 Interrupted, 71 Maidenhair, 75 Male, 19 Marsh, 83 Massachusetts, 84 New York, 82 Northern Beech, 81 Northern Lady, 11 Northern, 21 Oak, 21 Common, 21 Ostrich, 22 Rattlesnake, Royal, 72 Sensitive, 23 Wood, 16 Eastern Spreading, 17 Evergreen, 20 Fragrant, 19 Marginal, 21 Spinulose, 18 Fescue, 1350 Hair, 1350 Meadow, 1403 Nodding, 1352 Red, 1351 Sheep, 1353 Festuca, 1350 filiformis, 1350 ovina, 1350 pratensis, 1403 rubra, 1351 arctica, 1351 prolifera, 1351 rubra, 1351 subverticillata, 1352 trachyphylla, 1353 Feverfew, 301 Feverwort, 413 Field Bindweed, 486 Chickweed, 421 Horsetail, 31 Mint, 63 Pansy, 988 Pepperweed, 376 Pussytoes, 176

Index

Page | 1479

Sagewort, 184 Speedwell, 952 Figwort, 948, 949 Knotty, 949 Filipendula, 829 rubra, 830 ulmaria, 830 vulgaris, 830 Fir, 89 Fir-moss, 52 Shining, 52 Fireweed, 211, 692 Five-finger, Marsh, 823 Five-fingers, Shrubby, 874 Flag, Sweet, 995 Flat-stem Pondweed, Flatsedge, 1127 Slender, 1130 Tooth, 1128 Flax family, 660 Flax, 660 Common, 661 Fairy, 660 False, 357 Fleabane, 212 Daisy, 213 Dwarf Mountain, 213 Floating Heart, 675 Yellow, 675 Floerkea, 658 proserpinacoides, 658 Flower, Cuckoo, 362 Flower, Moccasin, 1250 Flowering Raspberry, 870 Flowering-rush family, 1013 Fly Honeysuckle, 407 Mountain, 409 Foamflower, 927 Fool’s Parsley, 120 Footprint, Englishman’s, 721 Forest Sedge, 1026 Wood-rush, 1211 Forget-me-not, 336 Garden, 340 Rough, 337 Small, 338 Forking Catchfly, 437 Fowl Bluegrass, 1395 Mannagrass, 1361 Fox Grape, 1000 Foxberry, 545 Foxglove, False, 930

Saltmarsh, 931 Foxtail Barley, 1364 Foxtail, 1300 Meadow, 1302 Water, 1301 Yellow, 1406 Foxtails,1300 Fragaria, 831 chiloensis, 832 vesca, 831 americana, 831 virginiana, 831 glauca, 832 virgininana, 832 x ananassa, 832 Frangula, 806 alnus, 806 Fraxinus, 686 americana, 687 excelsior, 688 nigra, 688 pennsylvanica, 689 Fringed Bromegrass, 1311 Fringed Loosestrife, 772 Fumaria, 590 officinalis, 590 Fumariaceae, 588 Fumitory Family, 588 Fumitory, Common, 590 Gale, Sweet, 681 Galeopsis, 625 bifida, 626 tetrahit, 626 Galinsoga, 222 quadriradiata, 222 Galium, 881 aparine, 883 asprellum, 883 boreale, 883 kamtschaticum, 884, labradoricum, 885 mollugo, 885 obtusum, 886 palustre, 886 tinctorium, 887 trifidum, 887 halophilum, 887 trifidum, 887 triflorum, 888 verum, 888 Garden Cress, 378 Forget-me-not, 336 Loosestrife, 776 Sorrel, 768 Speedwell, 951 Stonecrop, 493 Valerian, 982

Garlic Mustard, 346 Gaultheria, 519 hispidula, 519 procumbens, 519 Gaylussacia, 520 baccata, 520 dumosa, 521 Genista, 560 tinctoria, 560 Gentian family, 592 Gentian, Plymouth, 598 Spurred, 597 Gentianaceae, 592 Gentianella, 595 amarella, 596 Geocaulon, 917 lividum, 917 Geraniaceae, 599 Geranium family, 599 Geranium, 600 bicknelli, 601 molle, 601 pratense, 602 pusillum, 602 robertianum, 603 Geranium, 600 Meadow, 602 Wild, 601 Germander, 647 American, 647 German Millet, 1405 Geum, 832 aleppicum, 833 canadense, 834 laciniatum, 834 laciniatum, 834 trichocarpum, 834 macrophyllum, 836 peckii, 835 rivale, 836 urbanum, 837 Giant Knotweed, 746 Ragweed, 172 Rattlesnake Plantain, 1257 Sumpweed, 208 Gill-over-the-ground, 628 Ginseng Family, 156 Ginseng, 159 Dwarf, 159 Gladiolus, 1179 Glasswort, 464, 465 Dwarf, 465 Glaux, 771 maritima, 771 Glechoma, 627 hederacea, 628

Index

Page | 1480

Gleditsia, 561 triacanthos, 561 Glossy Buckthorn, 806 Glyceria, 1353 borealis, 1354 canadensis, 1355 fluitans, 1356 grandis, 1356 laxa, 1357 melicaria, 1358 notata, 1359 obtusa, 1359 striata, 1361 Gnaphalium, 223 macounii, 263 sylvaticum, 255 uliginosum, 223 Goat’s-beard, 304, 305 Gold-thread, 791, 792 Golden Alexanders, 148 Lungwort, 233 Ragwort, 257 Saxifrage, 922 Sedge, 1033 Golden-crest, 1175 Golden-pert, 937 Goldenrod, Blue-stem, 273 Bog, 286 Canada, 274 Coastal Plain, 221 Downy, 282 Early, 277 Giant, 276 Grass-leaved, 222 Large-leaved, 278 Oldfield, 281 Rough, 283 Seaside, 284 White, 273 Wood, 275 Zigzag, 275 Goodyera, 1257 oblongifolia, 1257 pubescens, 1259 repens, 1259 tesselata, 1260 Goose Tongue, 722 Gooseberry family, 604 Gooseberry, 606 European, 608 Goosefoot family, 455 Goosefoot, Oak-leaved, 463 Goutweed, 119 Grape Family, 999 Grape, 1000 Fox, 1000

Riverbank, 1001 Grape Fern, 64, 67 Daisy-leaved, 66 Lance-leaved, 65 Least, 67 Graphephorum, 1415 melicoides, 1415 Grass family, 1287 Grass, American Dune, 1367 Barnyard, 1340 Beach, 1303 Black, 1199 Bottlebrush, 1342 Dogstail, 1324 Crested, 1324 Foxtails, 1405 Green Foxtail, 1406 Moor, 1371 Quaking, 1311 Grass of Parnassus, 923, 924 Grass-leaved Stitchwort, 446 Grass-pink, 1245. 1246 Gratiola, 937 aurea, 937 neglecta, 938 Green Adder’smouth, 1267 Amaranth, 109 Foxtail Grass, 1406 Spleenwort, 2 Green-flowered Wintergreen, 531 Green-fringed Orchid, 1276 Greenbrier, 1446 Greene’s Rush, 1200 Greenland Sandwort, 429 Greenwood, Dyers’, 560 Gromwell, 331 Grossulariaceae, 604 Ground Juniper, 85 Ground-cedar, 50 Ground-cherry, 963 Ground-ivy, 627 Ground-pine, 61 Groundnut, 556 Groundsel, Balsam, 257 Beach, 268 Clammy, 269 Common, 270 Gymnocarpium, 21 dryopteris, 21 Gypsywort, 635 Hackmatack, 90 Haemodoraceae, 1173 Hair Fescue, 1350 Hairgrass, 1296, 1298, 1328

Common, 1330 Tufted, 1329 Hairy Evening-primrose, 706 Sweet Cicely, 140 Vetch, 580, 583 Halenia, 596 deflexa, 597 Haloragaceae, 609 Hamamelidaceae, 617 Hamamelis, 617 virginiana, 617 Hardhack, 878 Hare’s Tail, 1150 Hare-bell, 395 Harebell, Marsh, 393 Hare’s-ear Mustard, 365 Hawk’s-beard, 205, 206 Hawkweed, 229, 231 Common, 240 Mouse-ear, 234 Orange, 230 Rough, 238 Tall, 235 Yellow, 232 Hawthorn, 824 Cockspur, 826 Downy, 827 English, 827 Fan-leaf, 826 Gray’s, 826 Hay, Saltwater, 1408 Hazelnut, 327 Beaked, 327 Heal-all, 642 Heart, Floating, 674, 675 Yellow, 675 Heart-leaved Twayblade, 1265 Heath family, 509 Heather, 513 Scottish, 513 Heathgrass, 1327 Common, 1327

Purple,1371 Hedeoma, 628 pulegioides, 629 Hedera, helix, 159 Hedge Bindweed, 485 Mustard, 384 Vetch, 581 Hedgenettle, 645, 646 Annual, 646 Helenium, 224 flexuosum, 224 Helianthemum, 471

Index

Page | 1481

canadense, 471 Helianthus, 225 annuus, 226 giganteus, 227 tuberosus, 227 pauciflorus, 228 x laetiflorus, 228 Hellebore, Green False, 1241 Helleborine, 1256 Hemerocallis, 1228 fulva, 1229 Hemlock, 100 Eastern, 100 Hemlock-parsley, 127 Hemp family, 401 Hemp, India, 666 Indian, 150 Hemp-nettle, 625 Split-lip, 626 Henbane, 961 Henbit, 631 Hepatica, 792, 793 americana, 793 nobilis, 793 obtusa, 793 Heracleum, 131 lanatum, 133 mantegazzianum, 132 maximum, 133 sphondylium, 133 Herb-Robert, 603 Hesperis, 374 matronalis, 374 Hieracium, 229 aurantiacum, 230 caespitosum, 231 kalmii, 239 fasciculatum, 239 lactucella, 232, 233 murorum, 233 paniculatum, 234 pilosella, 235235 niveum, 235 piloselloides, 235 robinsonii, 236 sabaudum, 237 scabrum, 238 scabrum, 238 tonsum, 238 umbellatum, 240 x dorei, 230 x fernaldii, 232 x flagellare, 231 x floribundum, 232 Hierochloë, 1362 odorata, 1362 High Mallow, 669

High-bush Blueberry, 540 Highland Rush, 1208 Hippuridaceae, 618 Hippuris, 618 vulgaris, 618 Hoary Alyssum, 350 Cress, 363 Hobble-bush, 415 Hogpeanut, 555 Hogweed, 133 Giant, 132 Holcus, 1362 lanatus, 1363 Holly family, 153 Holly, 153 Canada, 155 False, 154 Hollyhock, 666 Honckenya, 426 peploides, 426 Honey-locust, 561 Honeysuckle Family, 404 Honeysuckle, 406 Bush, 404, 405 Fly, 407 Mountain Fly, 409 Tartarian, 408 Hop-hornbeam, 328 Hooded Ladies’-tresses, 1286 Hooker’s Orchid, 127 Hops, 402 Hordeum, 1364 jubatum, 1364 vulgare, 1365 Horehound, Water, 634 Horned Pondweed, 1462 Horned pondweed family, 1462 Hornwort family, 453 Hornwort, 453 Horse-gentian, 413 Horse-radish, 348 Horsetail family, 30 Horsetail, 30 Field, 31 Meadow, 36 Water, 32 Wood, 39 Horseweed, 203 Hound’s Tongue, 332 Houstonia, 889 Caerulea, 889 Howell’s Pussytoes, 175 Huckleberry, 520 Bog, 521 Hudsonia, 472 ericoides, 473 tomentosa, 473 Hudsonia,

Woolly, 473 Humulus, 402 lupulus, 402 lupuloides, 402 Huperzia, 51 appalachiana, 51 lucidula, 52 selago, 53 Hydrangea family, 619 Hydrangea arborescens, 619 Hydrangea, American, 619 Hydrangeaceae, 619 Hydrocharitaceae, 1176 Hydrocotyle, 134 americana, 135 umbellata,135 Hylotelephium, 492 telephium, 492 Hyoscyamus niger, 961 Hypericum, 477 boreale, 482 canadense, 478 dissimulatum, 479 ellipticum, 480 gentianoides, 480 majus, 481 mutilum, 482 perforatum, 483 Hypochoeris, 241 radicata, 241 Hypopitys, 522 monotropa, 522 Hyssop, 630 Hyssopus, 629 officinalis, 630 Hystrix, 1342 patula, 1342 Ilex, 153 glabra, 153 mucronata, 154 verticillata, 155 Impatiens, 309 capensis, 309 glandulifera, 310 pallida, 311 parviflora, 311 India Hemp, 666 Indian Chickweed, 677 Cucumber-root, 1233 Mallow, 666 Paintbrush, 934 Pipe, 527 Tobacco, 397 Inkberry, 153 Inula, 242 helenium, 242

Index

Page | 1482

Iridaceae, 1179 Iris family, 1179 Iris, 1179 prismatica, 1180 pseudoacorus, 1180 setosa, 1181 versicolor, 1181 Iris, 1179 Yellow, 1180 Ironwood, 327, 328 Isoetaceae, 42 Isoetes, 42 acadiensis, 42 echinospora, 44 hieroglyphica, 42 lacustris, 43 prototypus, 43 tenella, 44 tuckermanii, 45 x harveyi, 45 Iva, 243 frutescens, 243 oraria, 243 xanthifolia, 208 Ivy, English, 159 Kenilworth, 934 Poison, 112 Western, 1113 Jack-in-the-pulpit, 1009 Japanese Knotweed, 746 Millet, 1340 Jerusalem Artichoke, 227 Oak, 462 Jewelweed, 309 Jimsonweed, 960 Joe-pye-weed, 216 Spotted, 217 Johnny-jump-up, 990 Jonesberry, 996 Juglandaceae, 620 Juglans, 620 Cinera, 620 Juncaceae, 1186 Juncaginaceae, 1215 Juncus, 1186 acuminatus, 1189 alpinoarticulatus, 1190 alpinoformis, 1190 arcticus, 1190 balticus, 1190 articulatus, 1191 brachycephalus, 1192 brevicaudatus, 1193 bufonius, 1194 bulbosus, 1195

caesariensis, 1196 canadensis, 1197 compressus, 1198 dudleyi, 1197 conglomeratus, 1198 effusus, 1198 filiformis, 1199 gerardii, 1199 greenei, 1200 marginatus, 1201 militaris, 1202 nodosus, 1203 pelocarpus, 1204 pylaei, 1198 secundus, 1205 stygius, 1206 subcaudatus, 1207 tenuis, 1208 dudleyi, 1197 trifidus, 1208 vaseyi, 1209 x lemieuxii, 1191 Juniper, 85 Common, 85 Creeping, 86 Ground, 85 Juniperus, 85 communis, 85 communis, 85 depressa, 85 montana, 85 horizontalis, 86 Kalmia, 523 angustifolia, 523 polifolia, 524 Kashmir Plume, 743 Kenilworth Ivy, 934 Kentucky Bluegrass, 1396 King Devil, 235 Kinnikinnick, 512 Knapweed, 194, 196 Spotted, 197 Knawel, 434 Knotted Pearlwort, 431 Knotty Figwort, 949 Knotweed, 735 Bushy, 752 Giant, 746 Japanese, 746 Labrador Tea, 536 Lachnanthes, 1173 caroliana, 1173 tinctoria, 1173 Lactuca, 244 biennis, 244 canadensis, 245 hirsuta, 246 serriola, 247

Ladies’-tresses, 1281 Case’s, 1281 Hooded, 1286 Nodding, 1282 Northern Slender, 1283 Shining, 1284 Yellow, 1285 Lady’s-mantle, 813 Lady’s-slipper, 1249 Pink, 1250 Ram’s-head, 1251 Showy, 1254 Yellow, 1252 Lady’s Thumb, 743 Lamb Succory, 181 Lambkill, 523 Lamb’s Quarters, 462 Lamiaceae, 621 Lamium, 631 amplexicaule, 631 purpureum, 632 incisum, 632 Lance-leaved Violet, 991 Lapland Rosebay, 536 Laportea, 976 canadensis, 977 Lappula, 334 squarrosa, 335 Lapsana, 248 communis, 248 Larch, 89 Eastern, 90 Large Cranberry, 541 Enchanter’s Nightshade, 694 False Solomon’s-seal, 1231 Purple-fringed Orchid, 1273 Round-leaved Orchid, 1278 Willow-herb, 692 Large-flowered Evening-primrose, 704 Large-leaved Orchid, 1277 Large-toothed Aspen, 896 Larix, 89 laricina, 90 Lathyrus, 561 japonicas, 561 maritimus, 561 pellitus, 561 latifolius, 563 maritimus, 561 palustris, 563 pratensis, 564 Laurel, 523 Bog, 524 Pale, 524 Sheep, 523 Lavender, Sea, 724

Index

Page | 1483

Leadwort family, 724 Leafy Pondweed, 1426 Spurge, 550 Leather-leaf, 514 Leatherwood, 969 Lechea, 474 intermedia, 474 intermedia, 474 juniperina, 474 Ledum, groenlandicum, 536 Leek, Wild, 1223 Leersia, 1366 oryzoides, 1366 Lemna, 1219 trisulca, 1219 turionifera, 1220 Lemnaceae, 1219 Lentibulariaceae, 649 Leontodon, 249 autumnalis, 249 pratensis, 249 Leonurus, 632 cardiaca, 633 Lepidium, 375 campestre, 376 densiflorum, 376 didymum, 377 ruderale, 377 sativum, 378 virginicum, 378 Lettuce, 244 Canada, 245 Hairy, 246 Prickly, 247 Tall Wild, 245 Leucanthemum, 249 vulgare, 250 Leymus, 1366 mollis, 1367 Levisticum, 136 officinale, 136 Ligusticum, 137 scoticum, 137 Lilac, Common, 690 Lilaeopsis, 137 chinensis, 138 Liliaceae, 1222 Lilium, 1229 canadense, 1229 Lily family, 1222 Lily, Bluebead, 1226 Canada, 1229 Clintonia, 226 Trout-, 1227 Wild, 1229

Lily-of-the-valley, 1226 Wild, 1226, 1230, 1231 Lime, 971 Small-leaved, 971 Lime-tree, 972 Limnanthaceae, 658 Limonium, 724 carolinianum, 724 Limosella, 938 australis, 939 subulata, 939 Linaceae, 660 Linaria, 939 canadensis, 944 dalmatica, 940 repens, 940 vulgaris, 940 Linden, 971, 972 Linden family, 971 Lindernia, 941 dubia, 941 Ling, 513 Lingonberry, 545 Linnaea, 405 borealis, 406 Linum, 660 catharticum, 660 usitatissimum, 661 Lion’s-paw, 262 Liparis, 1261 loeselii, 1261 Listera, 1262 australis, 1262 convallarioides, 1264 cordata, 1265 Lithospermum, 331 arvense, 331 Littorella, 718 americana, 718 uniflora, 718 Live-forever, 492 Lobelia, 396 dortmanna, 397 inflata, 397 kalmii, 398 spicata, 399 Lobelia, 396 Blue, 399 Water, 397 Locust, 571 Black, 572 Bristly, 571 Clammy, 572 Loesel’s Twayblade, 1261 Loiseleuria, 524 Lolium, 1368 arundinaceum, 1402 perenne, 1369

multiflorum, 1369 perenne, 1369 Long’s Bulrush, 1166 Long-bracted Green Orchid, 1255 Longleaf Pondweed, 1429 Lonicera, 406 canadensis, 407 periclymenum, 408 tatarica, 408 villosa, 409 solonis, 409 tonsa, 409 villosa, 409 Loosestrife family, 663 Loosestrife, 774 Fringed, 772 Garden, 776 Large Yellow, 773 Purple, 665 Water, 775 Lophiola, 1174 aurea, 1175 Lotus, 564 corniculatus, 565 pedunculatus, 565 uliginosus, 565 Lousewort, 945 Swamp, 946 Lovage, 136, 137 Garden, 136 Scotch, 137 Lovegrass, 1346 Tufted, 1349 Love-lies-bleeding, 108 Low Hop Clover, 575 Lowbush Blueberry, 538 Lucerne, 568 Ludwigia, 701 palustris, 701 Lungwort, Sea, 335 Lupin, 566 Lupine, 565 Garden, 566 Lupinus, 565 nootkatensis, 566 polyphyllus, 567 Luzula, 1210 acuminata, 1210 luzuloides, 1211 multiflora, 1212 frigida, 1212 multiflora, 1212 parviflora, 1213 spicata, 1214 Lychnis, 427 chalcedonica, 427 coronaria, 427

Index

Page | 1484

flos-cuculi, 428 Lychnis, Scarlet, 427 Lycium, 961 barbarum, 961 Lycopodiaceae, 46 Lycopodiella, 54 appressa, 54 inundata, 55 Lycopodium, 56 annotinum, 57 pungens, 57 clavatum, 58 dendroidium, 59 hickeyi, 59 lagopus, 60 obscurum, 61 Lycopsis, arvensis, 330 Lycopus, 634 americanus, 634 europaeus, 635 uniflorus, 635 Lyonia, 524 ligustrina, 525 Lysimachia, 771 ciliata, 772 nummularia, 773 punctata, 773 terrestris, 774 thyrsiflora, 775 vulgaris, 776 Lythraceae, 663 Lythrum, 664 salicaria, 665 Madder family, 880 Maianthemum, 1230 canadense, 1231 racemosum, 1231 stellatum, 1232 trifolium, 1233 Maiden Pink, 425 Maidenhair Fern, 75 Spleenwort, 1 Malaxis, 1266 brachypoda, 1266 monophylla, 1266 unifolia, 1266 Maleberry, 525 Mallow family, 666 Mallow, 667 Dwarf, 669 High, 669 Indian, 666 Musk-, 668 Whorled, 670 Maltese Cross, 427 Malus, 837

baccata, 838 prunifolia, 838 pumila, 839 Malva, alcea, 668 moschata, 668 neglecta, 669 rotundifolia, 669 sylvestris, 669 verticillata, 670 Malvaceae, 666 Mandrake, 315 Mannagrass, 1353 Floating, 1356 Fowl, 1361 Northern, 1353 Reed, 1356 Maple family, 102 Maple, 102 Manitoba, 103 Mountain, Norway, 104 Red, 104 Silver, 105 Striped, 103 Sugar, 106 Mare’s-tail family, 618 Mare’s-tail, 618 Marijuana, 401 Marjoram, 641 Wild, 641 Marram, 1303 Marsh Chickweed, 445 Fern, 83 Harebell, 393 Pea, 563 Rosemary, 724 Speedwell, 957 Marsh Fern family, 81 Marsh-elder, 243 Marsh-marigold, 788 Marsh-skullcap, 644 Mary Jane, 401 Mary, Blue-eyed, 934 Masterwort, 133 Matgrass, 1375 Moor, 1375 Matricaria, 250 chamomilla,251 discoidea, 251 matricarioides, 251 recutita, 251 Matrimony-vine, 961 Matteucia, 22 struthiopteris, 22 May-apple, 315

Mayflower, 518 Mayweed, 250, Seaside, 306 Scentless, 306 Stinking, 178 Meadow Fescue, 1403 Pea, 560 Meadow-beauty, 671 Meadow-foam Family, 658 Meadow Geranium, 602 Meadow-rue, 803 Meadow-sweet, 878 Medeola, 1233 virginiana, 1233 Medicago, 567 lupulina, 568 sativa, 568 falcata, 568 Medicinal Eyebright, 937 Medick, Black, 568 Megalodonta,beckii, 188 Melampyrum, 942 lineare, 942 Melastomataceae, 671 Melastome Family, 671 Melic, False, 1404 Melilotus, 569 alba, 570 altissimus, 569 officinalis, 570 Mentha, 635 aquatica, 636 arvensis, 636 spicata, 638 suaveolens, 639 x gracilis, 637 x piperita, 638 x smithiana, 638 Menyanthaceae, 673 Menyanthes, 673 trifoliata, 673 Mermaid, False, 658 Mermaidweed, 614 Mermaidweed, False, 658 Merrybells, 1240 Mertensia, 335 maritima, 335 Mezereum family, 967 Mignonette, 805 Mignonette family, 805 Milium, 1370 effusum, 1370 Milk-vetch, 556, 557 Milkweed family, 161 Milkweed, 161 Common, 162 Swamp-, 161

Index

Page | 1485

Milkwort family, 731 Milkwort, 731 Bitter, 731 Blood, 732 Millet, German, 1405 Japanese, 1340 Milletgrass, 1370 Mimulus, 942 moschatus, 943 ringens, 943 Minerslettuce Annual Water, 766 Mint family, 621 Mint, Apple, 639 Field, 636 Scotch, 637 Water, 636 Minuartia, 428 groenlandica, 429 Mistletoe Family, 998 Mistletoe, Dwarf, 998 Mitchella, 890 repens, 890 Mitella, 922 nuda, 923 Mitrewort, 922 False, 923, 927 Moccasin Flower, 1250 Moehringia, 429 lateriflora, 430 Molinia, 1371 caerula, 1371 Molluginaceae, 677 Mollugo, 677 verticillata, 677 Moneses, 525 uniflora, 526 Moneywort, 773 Monkey-flower, 942, 943 Monotropa, 526 hypopithys, 522 uniflora, 527 Montia, 766 fontana, 766 lamprosperma, 766 Moonwort, 65 Moor Grass, 1371 Rush, 1206 Moor Matgrass, 1375 Mooseberry, 414 Moosewood, 103 Morella pensylvanica, 679 Morning-glory family, 485 Morning-glory, Wild, 485

Moss Campion, 435 Moss-pink, 729 Mossy Stonecrop, 494 Motherwort, 638 Mountain Cranberry, 545 Fly Honeysuckle, 409 Sorrel, 734 Timothy, 1385 Mountain-ash, 875 American, 876, 877 European, 876 Mouse-ear Chickweed, 422 Mudwort, 938, 939 Mugwort,185 Muhlenbergia, 1372 glomerata, 1372 mexicana, 1373 uniflora, 1374 Muhly, 1372 Mullein, 950 Common, 950 Pink, 427 Muskflower, 943 Musk-mallow, 668 Mustard Family, 343 Mustard, 343, 353 Ball, 380 Black, 354 Chinese, 353 Common Dog, 372 Garlic, 346 Hare’s-ear, 365 Hedge, 384 Tansy, 366 Tower-,387 Tumble, 384 Wormseed, 373 Myosotis, 336 arvensis, 337 discolor, 337 laxa, 338 scorpioides, 339 stricta, 340 sylvatica, 340 Myrica, 680 gale, 681 pensylvanica, 680 Myricaceae, 678 Myriophyllum, 609 alterniflorum, 610 farwellii, 610 humile, 611 sibiricum, 612 tenellum, 612 verticillatum, 613 Naiad, 1242 Slender, 1242

Thread-like, 1243 Najadaceae, 1242 Najas, flexilis, 1242 gracillima, 1243 Nardus, 1375 stricta, 1375 Narrow-leaved Evening-primrose, 703 Pepperweed, 377 Plantain, 720 Nasturtium, 379 officinale, 379 Nemopanthus, mucronata, 154 Nepeta, 640 cataria, 640 Neslia, 380 paniculata, 380 Nettle Family, 975 Nettle, 979 Burning, 981 False, 976 Stinging, 979 Wood-, 976 New Jersey Rush, Nicandra, 962 physalodes, 962 Night-flowering Catchfly, 440 Nightshade, 965 Black, 965 Enchanter’s, 692 Large, 693 Small, 692 Hairy, 965 Nightshade Family, 959 Ninebark, 841 Nipplewort, 248 Nodding Fescue, 1352 Nodding Ladies’-tresses, 1282 Northern Arrowhead, 1006 Blueberry, 539 Bugleweed, 635 Club-spur Orchid, 1271 Coral-root, 1248 Green Bog orchid, 1275 Slender Ladies’-tresses, Stitchwort, 445 Yellow-eyed-grass, 1461 Nuphar, 682 lutea, 682 pumila, 683 rubrodisca, 683 variegata, 684 Nutgrass, Yellow, 1130 Nuttallanthus, 944 canadensis, 944 Nymphaea, 684

Index

Page | 1486

odorata, 684 Nymphaeaceae, 682 Nymphoides, 674 cordata, 675 peltata, 675 Oak, 585 English, 586 Jerusalem, 462 Northern Red, 586 Swamp-white, 585 Oatgrass, 1305 Tall, 1306 Wild, 1325 Yellow, 1415 Oats, 1306 Cultivated, 1308 Wild, 1307 Oclemena, 252 acuminata, 252 x blakei, 253 nemoralis, 254 Odontites, 944 serotina, 945 vernus, 945 serotinus, 945 Oenothera, 702 biennis,n703 fruticosa, 703 glauca, 703 grandiflora, 704 parviflora, 704 sabulonensis, 704 perennis, 705 villosa, 706 Oleaceae, 686 Oleaster, 506 Oleaster family, 505 Olive Family, 686 Olive, Autumn, 506 Russian, 506 Omalotheca, 255 sylvatica, 255 Onagraceae, 691 One-flowered Shinleaf, 525 One-sided Wintergreen, 528 Onoclea, 23 sensibilis, 23 Onopordum, 256 acanthium, 256 Ophioglossaceae, 63 Ophioglossum, pusillum, 68 Orach, 455 Glabrous, 456 Spreading, 459 Orangegrass, Orchardgrass, 1324, 1325

Orchid family, 1244 Orchid, Blunt-leaved Rein, 1278 Fen, 1261 Fringed, 1268 Green-, 1276 Large Purple-, 1273 Small Purple-,1279 White-, 1270 Hooker’s, 1274 Large-leaved, 12777 Large Round-leaved, 1278 Little, 1271 Long-bracted Green, 1255 Northern Club-spur, 1271 Pale Green, 1272 Ragged, 1276 Rein, 1268 Orchidaceae, 1244 Origanum, 641 vulgare, 641 Ornithogalum, 1234 umbellatum, 1234 Orobanchaceae, 707 Orobanche, 709 uniflora, 710 Orpine, Yellow, 494 Orthilia, 528 secunda, 528 Oryzopsis, 1376 asperifolia, 1376 canadensis, 1388 pungens, 1389 Osier, Common, 914 Purple, 910 Osmorhiza, 138 berteroi 139 chilensis, 139 claytonii, 140 depauperata, 140 longistylis, 141 Osmunda, 70 cinnamomea, 70 claytoniana, 71 regalis, 72 spectabilis, 72 Osmundaceae, 70 Ostrya, 327 virginiana, 328 Oval-leaved Blueberry, 542 Oxalidaceae, 711 Oxalis, 711 acetosella, 713 corniculata, 711 dillenii, 712 montana, 713 stricta, 7113

Oxyria, 734 digyna, 734 Oxytropis, 570 campestris, 570 Oyster Plant, 335 Packera, 256 aureus, 257 paupercula, 257 Paintbrush, Indian, 934 Pale Laurel, 524 Pale Green Orchid, 1272 Panax, trifolius, 159 Panicgrass, 1377 Fall, 1378 Panicum, capillare, 1378 dichotomiflorum, 1378 puritanorum, 1377 lanuginosum, 1331 longifolium, 1381 miliaceum, 1379 philadelphicum, 1380, rigidulum, pubescens, 1381 subvillosum, 1331 virgatum, 1382 Pansy, 981 Field, 981 Wild, 981 Papaver, 716 rhoeas, 716 Papaveraceae, 715 Parnassia, 923 palustris, 924 parviflora, 924 Parsley, Fool’s, 120 Parsnip, 142 Water-, 146 Wild, 142 Parthenocissus, 992 quinquefolia, 992 vitacea, 993 Partridge-berry, 890 Pastinaca, 142 sativa, 142 Pea Family, 553 Pea, 561 Beach, 562 Everlasting, 563 Marsh, 563 Meadow, 564 Perennial, 563 Wild, 563 Pear, 855 Common, 856 Wild, 817, 819 Pearlwort, 430, 432 Knotted, 431

Index

Page | 1487

Pearly Everlasting, 173, 174 Pedicularis, 945 palustris, 946 sylvatica, 946 Pennycress, 386 Pennyroyal, American, 629 Pennywort, 134 Water-, 135 Penstemon, 946 digitalis, 947 Pepperbush, Sweet, Peppergrass, 375 Peppermint, 637 Pepperweed, Field, 376 Narrow-leaved, 377 Virginia, 378 Perennial Pea, 563 Ryegrass, 1369 Periwinkle, 152 Common, 152 Petasites, 258 frigidus, 258 Petty Spurge, Phalaris, 1383 arundinacea, 1383 canariensis, 1384 Phedimus, spurius, 493 Phegopteris, 81 connectilis, 81 Phleum, 1384 alpinum, 1385 pratense, 1386 Phlox, 728 paniculata, 728 subulata, 729 Phlox Family, 727 Phlox, Garden, 728 Photinia, 839 floribunda, 840 melanocarpa, 840 pyrifolia, 841 Phragmites, 1386 australis, 1387 americanus, 1387 Phyllodoce, 529 caerulea, 529 Physalis, 963 heterophylla, 963 Physocarpus, 842 opulifolius, 842 Picea, 90 abies, 91 glauca, 92 mariana, 93

rubens, 93 Pickerelweed, 1420 Pickerelweed family, 1420 Pigeonberry, 488 Pigweed, Redroot, 109 Pilea, 977 pumila, 978 Pimpernel, 769, 941 Common, 770 False, 941 Pimpinella, 143 saxifraga, 143 Pinaceae, 88 Pin-cherry, 853 Pine Family, 88 Pine, 95 Austrian, 99 Jack, 95 Pitch, 99 Red, 96 Scots/Scotch, 99 White, 98 Pinesap, 522 Pineapple-weed, 251 Pineweed, 441 Pinquicula, 649 vulgaris, 649 Pink Family, 418 Pink Coreopsis, 204 Lady’s-slipper, 1250 Tickseed, 204 Pink, 424 Deptford, 425 Maiden, 425 Mullein, 427 Pinkweed, 742 Pinophyta, 85 Pinus, 95 banksiana, 95 divaricate, 95 nigra, 99 resinosa, 96 rigida, 99 strobus,98 sylvestris, 99 Pinweed, 474 Pipe, Indian, 527 Pipewort, 1171 Pipewort family, 1171 Pipsissewa, 515 Piptatherum, 1388 canadense, 1388 pungens, 1389 Pitcher-plant family, 919 Pitcher-plant, 919 Purple, 919 Plant, Oyster, 335

Plantaginaceae, 718 Plantago, 719 aristata, 720 lanceolata, 720 major, 721 maritima, 722 psyllium, 722 rugelli, 723 Plantain family, 718 Plantain, Common, 721 Narrow-leaved, 720 Rattlesnake, 1257 Checkered, 1260 Creeping, 1259 Downy, 125 Giant, 1257 Seashore, 722 Platanthera, 1268 aquilonis, 1269 blephariglottis, 1270 clavellata, 1271 dilatata, 1272 flava, 1272 grandiflora, 1273 hookeri, 1274 huronensis, 1275 hyperborea, 1269 lacera, 1276 macrophylla, 1277 obtusata, 1278 orbiculata, 1278 psycodes, 1279 x andrewsii, 1280 Plum, 851 Plum-leaf Crab-apple, 838 Plumbaginaceae, 724 Plume, Kashmir, 743 Plymouth Gentian, Poa, 1390 alpina, 1391 alsodes, 1391 annua, 1392 bulbosa, 1392 compressa, 1392 glauca, 1393 nemoralis, 1394 palustris, 1395 pratensis, 1396 saltuensis, 1397 trivialis, 1397 Poaceae, 1287 Pod-grass, 1444 Podophyllum, 315 peltatum, 315 Podostemaceae, 726 Podostemum, 726 ceratophyllum, 726

Index

Page | 1488

Pogonia, 1280 ophioglossoides, 1280 Pogonia, Rose, 1280 Poison Ivy, 113 Western, 113 Sumac, 114 Poison-hemlock, 128 Polar Eyebright, 935 Polemoniaceae, 727 Polygala, 731 polygama, 731 sanguinea, 732 Polygalaceae, 731 Polygonaceae, 733 Polygonatum, 1234 pubescens, 1235 Polygonum, 735 achoreum, 748 amphibium, 740 emersum, 740 stipulaceum, 740 arenastrum, 749 arifolium, 738 aviculare, 749 bellardii, 750 bistorta,736 buxiforme, 750 cilinode, 753 coccineum, 740 convolvulus, 753 cuspidatum, 746 exertum, 752 fowleri, 751 franktonii, 750 hydropiper, 740 hydropiperoides,741 lapathifolium, 741 prostratum, 741 salicifolium, 741 natans, 740 neglectum, 750 oxyspermum, 751 raii, 751 pensylvanicum, 742 persicaria, 743 polystachyum, 743 punctatum, 744 confertiflorum, 744 parvum, 744 puritanorum, 743 ramosissimum, 752 prolificum, 752 robustius, 745 sachalinense, 746 sagittaum, 738 scandens, 754 viviparum, 737

x bohemicum, 747 Polygonum SECTIONS: BISTORTA, 736 ECHINOCAULON, 737 PERSICARIA, 739 PLEUROPTERUS, 745 POLYGONUM, 747 TINARIA, 752 Polypodiaceae, 73 Polypodium, 73 appalachianum, 73 virginianum, 74 Polypody Family, 73 Polypody, 73 Rock, 74 Polystichum, 24 acrostichoides, 24 braunii, 24 purshii, 24 lonchitis, 25 x potteri, 24 Pond-lily, 682 Small, 683 Yellow,683 Pondweed family, 1421 Horned, 1462 Pondweed, Bigsheath, 1442 Flat-stem, 1438 Horned, 1462 Leafy, 1426 Longleaf, 1429 Redhead, 1435 Sago, 1441 Whitestem, 1430 Pontederia, 1420 cordata, 1420 Pontederiaceae, 1420 Poplar, 891 Balsam, 893 Carolina,893 Lombardy,896 White,892 Poppy Family, 715 Poppy, California, 716 Corn, 716 Shirley, 716 Populus, 891 alba, 892 balsamifera, 893 deltoides, 895 grandidentata, 894 nigra, 896 tremuloides, 896 x canadensis, 893 x jackii, 895 x smithii, 895

Portulaca, oleracea, 767 Portulacaceae, 765 Potamogeton, 1421 alpinus, 1423 amplifolius, 1423 confervoides, 1424 epihydrus, 1425 filiformis, 1440 foliosus, 1426 friesii, 1427 gramineus, 1427 natans, 1428 nodosus, 1429 oakesianus, 1430 oblongus, 1431 obtusifolius, 1431 pectinatus, 1441 perfoliatus, 1432 praelongus, 1433 pulcher, 1434 pusillus, 1435 pusillus, 1435 tenuissimus, 1435 richardsonii, 1435 robbinsii, 1436 spirillus, 1437 vaginatus, 1442 zosteriformis, 1438 x cognatus, 433 x nericus, 1428 x savonicus, 1432 Potamogetonaceae, Potentilla, 842 anglica, 843 anserina, 822 lanata, 823 rolandii, 823 argentea, 844 canadensis, 844 erecta, 845 intermedia, 845 norvegica, 846 palustris, 823 pensylvanica, 846 littoralis, 846 recta, 847 reptans, 847 simplex, 848 Poterium, 849

sanguisorba,849 polygamum, 849 Povertygrass, 1328, 1411 Povertyweed, 264 Prenanthes, 259 altissima, 260 nana, 261 racemosa, 261

Index

Page | 1489

trifoliolata, 262 x mainensis, 262 Primrose, 776, 777 Primrose family, 769 Primula, 776 laurentiana, 777 mistassinica, 778 Primulaceae, 769 Prince’s-pine, 515 Proserpinaca, 614 x intermedia, 614 palustris, 615 creba, 615 palustris, 615 pectinata, 615 Prunella, 642 vulgaris, 642 lanceolata, 642 Prunus, 849 americana, 851 nigra, 851 avium, 851 cerasus, 851 domestica, 851 domestica, 851 institia, 851 nigra, 851 pensylvanica, 852 serotina, 853 spinosa, 854 virginiana, 854 Pseudognaphalium, 263 macounii, 263 obtusifolium, 264 Pseudolysimachion longifolium, 954 Pteridaceae, 75 Pteridium, 8 aquilinum, 8 latiusculum, 8 Puccinellia, 1399 distans, 1400 fasciculata, 1401 maritima, 1401 pumila, 1401 tenella, 1401 Pumpkin family, 495 Purple Alpine Saxifrage, 926 Angelica, 121 Heathgrass, 1371 Salsify, 305 Purse, Shepherd’s, 358 Purslane family, 765 Purslane, Common, 767 Pussytoes, 174 Howell’s, 175

Field, 176 Pussy-willow, Small, 905 Pygmyweed, 491 Pyrola, 529 americana, 530 asarifolia, 531 chlorantha, 531 elliptica, 533 minor, 533 rotundifolia, 530 Pyrola, Round-leaved, 530 Pyrus, 855 baccata, 838 communis, 856 malus, 839 Quackgrass, 1343 Tick, 1412 Quaking Grass, 1310 Queen, 829 Queen Anne’s Lace, 131 Queen-of-the-Meadow, 830 Queen-of-the-Prairie, 830 Quercus, 585 bicolor, 585 robur, 586 rubra, 586 Quickweed, Common, 222 Quillwort family, 41 Quillwort, 41 Rabbit-berry, 507 Rabbitfoot Clover, 574 Radiola, 662 Linoides, 662 Radish, Wild, 381 Ragged Orchid, 1276 Robin, 428 Ragweed, 170 Common, 171 Giant, 172 Perennial, 172 Ragwort, 256 Golden, 257 Tansy, 267 Raisin, Wild, 416 Ram’s-head Lady’s-slipper, 1251 Ranunculaceae, 781 Ranunculus,794 abortivus, 795 acris, 796 aquatilis, 803 bulbosus, 797 cymbalaria, 798 ficaria, 798 flammula, 798 filiformis, 798

flammula, 798 gmelini, 799 longirostris, 800 recurvatus, 800 repens, 801 scleratus, 802 subrigidus, 800 trichophyllus, 803 Rapeseed, 355 Raphanus, 380 raphanistrum, 381 Raspberry, Dwarf, 871 Flowering, 870 Red, 869 Strawberry-, 869 Rattle, Yellow, 947 Rattlesnake-grass, 1355 Rattlesnake-root, 259 Purple, 261 Red Baneberry, 783 Bartsia, 944 Bulrush, 1016 Campion, 438 Clover, 577 Cockle, 438 Currant, 607 Wild, 607 Deadnettle, 632 Fescue, 1351 Oak, Northern, 586 Osier Dogwood, 489 Scale, 461 Red-berried Elder, 411 Red-top, 1295 Redhead Pondweed, 1435 Redroot, 1173 Reed, 1386 Common, 1307 Canarygrass, 1321 Reedgrass, 1321 Rein Orchid, 1268, 1278 Reseda, 805 luteola, 805 Resedaceae, 805 Rhamnaceae, 806 Rhamnus, 807 alnifolia, 808 cathartica, 808 frangula, 806 Rhexia, 671 virginica, 671 Rhinanthus, 947 crista-galli, 948 minor, 948 groenlandicus, 948 minor, 948

Index

Page | 1490

Rhodiola rosea, 493 Rhododendron, 534 canadense,535 groenlandicum 536, maximum, 537 lapponicum, 536 Rhodora, 535 Rhus, 111 typhina, 111 Rhynchospora, 1153 alba, 1154 capillacea, 1155 capitellata, 1155 fusca, 1156 macrostachya, 1157 Ribes, 605 americanum, 605 glandulosum, 605 hirtellum, 606 lacustre, 606 nigrum, 607 rubrum, 607 sativum, 607 triste, 607 uva-crispa, 608 Ribgrass, 720 Rice, Northern Wild, 1418 Wild, 1418 Rice Cutgrass, 1366 Ricegrass, 1376 Canadian, 1388 Richardson’s Rush, 1190 Riverweed family, 726 Riverweed, 726 Robin, Ragged, 428 Robinia, 571 hispida, 571 pseudoacacia, 572 viscosa, 572 Rock-brake, 76 Rock-cress, 347 Rocket, Dame’s, 373 Sand, 367 Sea-, 356 Yellow, 349 Rock-rose family, 471 Rock-rose, Canadian, 471 Root, Worm, 150 Rorippa, 381 palustris, 382 fernaldiana, 382 hispida, 382 palustris, 382 sylvestris, 382 Rosa, 856 acicularis, 858

blanda, 858 canina, 858 carolina, 859 grandiflora, 859 cinnamomea, 859 eglanteria, 860 gallica, 860 micranthra, 861 multiflora, 861 nitida, 862 palustris, 862 rugosa, 863 virginiana, 863 Rosaceae, 810 Rose Family, 810 Rose, 856 Acacia, 571, 572 Cinnamon, 859 Dog-, 858 Eglantine 860, French, 860 Multiflora, 861 Rugose, 863 Swamp, 862 Wild, 859 Common, 863 Rosebay, Lapland, 536 Rosemary, Bog, 511 Marsh, 724 Roseroot, 493 Rough Bluegrass, 1397 Comfrey, 341 Forget-me-not, 337 Round-leaved Dogwood, 489 Round-leaved Pyrola, 530 Rowan, 876 Rubiaceae, 880 Rubus, 864 allegheniensis, 865 neoscotica, 866 canadensis, 866 chamaemorus, 867 dalibarda, 867 flagellaris, 868 hispidus, 868 idaeus, 869 idaeus, 869 strigosus, 869 illecebrosus, 869 odoratus, 870 pensilvanicus, 870 pubescens, 871 scius, 871 recurvicaulis, 868 pugnax, 865 setosus, 872 Rudbeckia, 265

hirta, 265 pulcherrima, 265 laciniata, 266 gaspereauensis, 266 Rumex, 755 acetosa, 756 acetosella, 757 alpinus, 758 aquaticus, 758 fenestratus, 758 britannica, 762 crispus, 759 longifolius, 760 maritimus, 764 fueginus, 764 obtusifolius, 761 sylvestris, 761 occidentalis, 758 orbiculatus, 761 borealis, 762 pallidus, 762 persicarioides, 763 fueginus, 763 persicarioides, 764 salicifolius, 764 mexicanus, 764 triangulivalvis, 764 Ruppia, 1443 maritima, 1443 Ruppiaceae, 1443 Rush family, 1186 Rush, Greene’s, 1200 Highland, 1208 Moor, 1206 New Jersey, 1196 Richardson’s, 1190 Scouring, 33 Dwarf, 37 Soft, 1198 Toad, 1194 Twig, 1126 Vasey’s, 1209 Rusty Cottongrass, 1149 Rye, 1404 Cultivated, 1405 Wild, 1341 Ryegrass, 1368 Perennial, 1369 Wild, 1344 Sabatia, 597 kennedyana, 598 Sagewort, 184 Sagina, 430 nodosa, 431 borealis, 431

Index

Page | 1491

nodosa, 431 procumbens, 432 Sagittaria, 1005 cuneata, 1006 graminea, 1006 latifolia, 1007 Sago Pondweed, 1441 St. John’s-wort family, 477 St. John’s-wort, Common, 483 Marsh, 484 Salad-burnet, 848 Salicaceae, 891 Salicornia, 464 bigelovii, 465 depressa, 465 maritima, 466 Salix, 897 alba, 900 bebbiana, 900 candida, 901 caprea, 902 cinera, 92 discolor, 903 eriocephala, 904 fragilis, 912 glauca, 905 callicarpaea, 905 humilis, 905 lucida, 906 pedicellaris, 907 pellita, 908 pentandra, 909 petiolaris, 909 purpurea, 910 pyrifolia, 911 sericea, 913 uva-urs gi, 913 vestita, 914 viminalis, 914 x rubens, 912 x sericans, 915 x smithiana, 915 Salsify, Purple, 305 Western, 304 Salsola, 466 kali, 467 tragus, 467 Saltgrass, Seashore, 1338 Saltmarsh Bulrush 1018 False Foxglove, 931 Saltwort, 466 Common, 467 Sambucus, 409 canadensis, 410 nigra, 410

canadensis, 410 racemosa, 411 Samolus, 779 parviflorus, 779 valerandi, 779 parviflorus, 779 Samphire, 46 Sand Rocket, 367 Sand-spurrey, Seaside, 443 Sandalwood Family, 916 Sandmat, Seaside, 548 Spotted, 547 Wormseed, 549 Sandwort, 420, 426, 428, 429 Greenland, 429 Mountain, 429 Seabeach, 426 Thyme-leaved, 420 Sanguinaria, 716 canadensis, 717 Sanguisorba, 872 canadensis, 873 minor, 848 officinalis, 873 Sanicle, 143 Sanicula, 143, 145 gregaria, 145 marilandica, 144 odorata, 145 Santalaceae, 916 Saponaria, 432 officinalis, 433 Sarracenia, 919 purpurea, 919 heterophylla, 919 purpurea, 919 Sarraceniaceae, 919 Sarsaparilla, Bristly, 157 Wild, 157 Satureja, 624 hortensis 643 vulgaris, 624 Saxifraga, 925 aizoides, 925 aizoon, 926 oppositifolia, 926 paniculata, 926 neogaea, 926 Saxifragaceae, 921 Saxifrage family, 921 Saxifrage, Alpine Purple, 926 White, 926 Golden, 922 Yellow Mountain, 925

Scale, Red, 461 Scarlet Lychnis, Schedonorus, 1401 phoenix, 1402 pratensis, 1403 Scheuchzeria, 1444 palustris, 1444 Scheuchzeriaceae, 1444 Schizachne, purpurascens, 1404 Schizachyrium scoparium, 1404 Schizaea, 78 pusilla, 78 Schizaeaceae, 78 Schoenoplectus, 1157 acutus, 1158 americanus, 1158 maritimus, 1072 pungens, 1160 robustus, 1011 subterminalis, 1160 tabernaemontani, 1161 torreyi, 1161 Scirpus, acutus, 1158 americanus, 1158 atrocinctus, 1163 atrovirens, 1165 caespitosus, 1170 cyperinus, 1164 expansus, 1165 georgianus, 1165 hattorianus, 1166 hudsonianus, 1169 longii, 1166 maritimus, 1017 microcarpus, 1167 pedicellatus, 1168 pungens,1160 robustus, 1018 rufus, 1016 subterminalis, 1160 validus, 1161 Scleranthus, 434 annuus, 434 Scorpion-grass, Blue, 340 Screw-stem, 593 Scrophularia, 948 lanceolata, 949 nodosa, 949 Scrophulariaceae, 929 Scotch Broom, 557 Mint, 637 Thistle, 256 Scottish Heather, 513 Thistle, 256

Index

Page | 1492

Scutellaria, 643 galericulata, 644 lateriflora, 645 x churchilliana, 643 Sea Lavender, 724 Lungwort, 335 Sea-beach Dock, 762 Sea-blite, 467, 469 Roland’s, 470 Sea-milkwort, 771 Sea-rocket, 356 Seabeach Sandwort, 426 Seal, Solomon’s, 1234 Seashore Saltgrass, 1338 Seaside Angelica, 121 Sandmat, 548 Sand Spurrey, 443 Seashore Plantain, 722 Secale, 1404 cereale, 1405 Securigera varia, 573 Sedge family, 1014 Sedge, Black, 1090 Dense-tufted hair, 1019 Forest, 1026 Golden, 1033 Three-way, 1131 Yellow,1037 White-tinged, 1-24 Sedum, acre, 494 rosea, 493 spurium, 493 telephium, 492 Seepweed, 467 Selaginella, 79 rupestris, 79 selaginoides, 80 Selaginellaceae, 79 Self-heal, 641 Senecio, 267 jacobaea, 267 pseudoarnica, 268 squalidus, 267 sylvaticus, 269 viscosus, 269 vulgaris, 270 Serviceberry, 816 Dwarf, 821 Mountain, 818 Smooth, 820 St. Lawrence, 821 Setaria, 1405 glauca, 1406 italica, 1405 pumila, 1406

viridis, 1406 Shadbush, 817 Nantucket, 820 Sheathed Dropseed, 1411 Sheep Fescue, 1350 Laurel, 523 Sheep-sorrel, 757 Shepherd’s Purse, 358 Shepherdia, 507 canadensis, 507 Shining Ladies’-tresses, Shinleaf, 533 One-flowered, 525,526 Shirley Poppy, 716 Showy Lady’s-slipper, 1254 Shrubby Fivefingers, 828 Sibbaldiopsis, 874 tridentata, 874 Siberian Crab-apple, 838 Sidebells Wintergreen, 528 Silene, 434 acaulis, 435 antirrhina, 436 armeria, 437 dichotoma, 437 dioica, 438 gallica, 438 latifolia, 439 noctiflora, 440 vulgaris, 440 Silverberry, 506 Silver Maple, Silver-rod, 273 Silverweed, 822 Silybum, 270 marianum, 271 Sinapsis, 383 alba, 383 arvensis, 383 Sisymbrium, 383 altissimum, 384 officinale, 384 Sisyrinchium, 1182 angustifolium, 1183 altlanticum, 1183 fuscatum, 1184 montanum, 1184 crebrum, Sium, 146 suave, 146 Skullcap, 642 Mad-dog, 644 Marsh, 644 Skunk Cabbage, 1011 Currant, 605 Sleepy Catchfly, 436

Slender Arrowhead, 1006 Blue Flag, 1180 Cliff-brake, 76 Flatsedge, 1130 Naiad, 1242 Spikerush, 1136 Vetch, 582 Wedgegrass, 1410 Wheatgrass, 1344 Sloughgrass, American, 1308 Small Purple-fringed Orchid, 1279 Small Bugloss, 330 Cranberry, 543 Enchanter’s Nightshade, 693 Eyebright, 936 Forget-me-not, 338 Pond-lily, 683 Wintergreen, 533 Small-flowered Crane’s-bill, 602 Evening-primrose, 704 Wood-rush, 1213 Smartweed, 740 Water, 740, 744 Smilacaceae, 1446 Smilacina, racemosa, 1231 stellata, 1232 trifolia, 1233 Smilax, 1446 rotundifolia, 1446 Smooth Draba, 369 Snakeroot, 144 Black, 144 White, 170 Snapdragon family, 929 Snapdragon, 929 Dwarf, 933 Sneezeweed, 169, 224 Creeping, 224 Snowberry, 412 Creeping, 519 Snow-in- summer, 424 Soapwort, 432, 433, 449 Soft Rush, 1198 Solanaceae, 959 Solanum, 964 dulcamara, 965 dulcamara, 965 villosissimum, 965 nigrum, 965 physalifolium, 966 ptycanthum, 966 sarrachoides, 965 Solidago, 271

Index

Page | 1493

asperula, 284 bicolor, 273 caesia, 273 canadensis, 274 elliotii, 278 erskinei, 284 flexicaulis, 275 gigantea, 276 hispida, 277 juncea, 277 latissimifolia, 278 macrophylla, 278 multiradiata, 279 nemoralis, 281 puberula, 282 rugosa, 283 sphagnophila, 283 villosa, 283 sempervirens, 284 simplex, 284 randii, 285 uliginosa, 286 linoides, 286 terrae-novae, 286 Solomon’s Plume, 1231 Solomon’s Seal, 1234 Large False, 1231 Starry False, 1232 Three-leaved False, 1233 Sonchus, 286 arvensis,287 arvensis, 287 uliginosus, 287 asper, 288 oleraceus, 288 Sorbaria, 874 sorbifolia, 874 Sorbus, 875 americana, 876 aucuparia, 876 decora, 877 Sorrel, Garden, 756 Mountain, 734 Sheep, 757 Sourdock, 759 Southern Twayblade, 1262 Sow-thistle, 286 Annual, 288 Perennial, 287 Spiny, 288 Sparganiaceae, 1448 Sparganium, 1448 americanum. 1449 angustifolium, 1450 emersum, 1451 eurycarpum, 1452 fluctuans, 1453

hyperboreum, 1455 natans, 1456 Spartina, 1407 alterniflora, 1408 patens, 1408 pectinata, 1409 x caespitosa, 1409 Speargrass, Annual, 1392 Spearmint, 638 Speedwell, 951 Bird’s-eye, 956 Common, 955 Field, 952 Garden, 954 Marsh, 957 Thyme-leaved, 957 Spergula, 441 arvensis, 441 Spergularia, 441 canadensis, 442 marina, 443 rubra, 443 salina, 443 Sphenopholis, 1410 intermedia, 1410 major, 1410 pilosa, 1410 Spiked Wood-rush, 1214 Spikegrass, 1338 Spikemoss, 79 Spikemoss family, 79 Spikenard, American, 158 Spike-rush, Capitate, 1138 Tubercled, 1145 Slender, 1136 Spindle-tree, European, 451 Spiraea, 877 alba, 878 latifolia, 878 japonica, 878 latifolia, 878 prunifolia, 878 tomentosa, 879 vanhouttei, 878 Spiranthes, casei, 1281 casei, 1281 novaescotiae, 1281 cernua, 1282 ochroleuca, 1285 lacera, 1283 lucida, 1284 ochroleuca, 1285 romanzoffiana, 1286 Spirodela, 1221 polyrhiza, 1221 Spleenwort family, 1

Spleenwort, 1 Green, 2 Maidenhair, 1 Silvery, 15 Sporobolus, 1410 vaginiflorus, 1411 Spotted Cowbane, 126 Sandmat, 547 Spreading Dogbane, 150 Orach, 459 Spring Beauty, 765 Spring-beauty, 765 Spruce, 90 Black, 93 Cat, 92 Norway, 91 Red, 93 White, 92 Spurge family, 546 Spurge, Cypress, 550 Leafy, 550 Petty, 551 Sun, 551 Spurred Gentian, 597 Spurrey, 441 Corn, 441 Sand, 443 Seaside Sand, 442 Squashberry, 414 Stachys, 645 arvensis, 645 palustris, 646 Staff-tree Family, 450 Staghorn Sumac, 111 Staggerweed, 645 Star Duckweed, 1219 Starflower, 780 Star-of-Bethlehem, 1234 Starry False Solomon’s Seal, 1232 Statice, 724 Steeplebush, 879 Stellaria, 444 alsine, 445 borealis, 445 crassifolia, 446 graminea, 446 humifusa, 447 longifolia, 448 media, 448 Stickseed, 334, 335 Stinkgrass, 1347 Stinking Willie, 267 Stinkweed, 386 Stinkwort, 209 Stickywilly, 883

Index

Page | 1494

Stitchwort, 428 Grass-leaved, 446 Northern, 445 Stonecrop Family, Stonecrop, Caucasian, 493 Garden, 493 Mossy, 494 Stork’s-bill, 599 Strawberry, 831 Woodland, 831 Strawberry-raspberry, 869 Streptopus, amplexifolius, 1236 lanceolatus, 1236 roseus, 1236 Striped Toadflax, 940 Stuckenia, filiformis, 1440 alpina, 1440 occidentalis, 1440 pectinata, 1441 vaginata, 1442 Sturdy Bulrush, 1018 Suaeda, 467 calceoliformis, 468 maritima, 469 maritima, 469 richii, 469 rolandii, 470 Subularia, 385 aquatica, 385 Succisa, 501 pratensis, 501 Succory, Lamb, 181 Sumac, 111 Poison, 114 Staghorn, 111 Summer-savory, Sumpweed, Giant, 208 Sun Spurge, 551 Sundew family, 502 Sundew, 502 Narrow-leaved, 503 Round-leaved, 504 Thread-leaved, 502 Sundrops, 705 Sunflower, 225 Common, 226 Swamp, 226 Swallow-wort, Swamp-milkweed, 161 Swamp Rose, 862 Swamp Sunflower, 226 Sweet Clover, 569 Yellow, 570 Coltsfoot, 258

Vernalgrass, 1304 William, 728 William Catchfly, 437 Sweetbrier, 860 Small-flowered, 861 Sweetfern, 679 Sweetflag Family, 995 Sweetflag, 995 Sweet-grass, 1362 Sweet-hurts, 539 Sweet Cicely, 138, 140 Sweet Coltsfoot, 258 Pepperbush, 475 Woodreed, 1323 Sweet Clover, Yellow, 570 Swine-cress, 377 Switchgrass, 1382 Symphoricarpos, 411 albus, 412 Symphyotrichum, 289 boreale, 290 ciliatum, 291 ciliolatum, 292 cordifolium, 292 lanceolatum, 294 lateriflorum, 294 novae-angliae, 295 novi-belgii, 296 parviceps, 297 pilosum, 297 puniceum, 298 tradescanti, 299 undulatum, 300 x tardiflorus, 298 Symphytum, 341 asperum, 341 officinale, 342 Symplocarpus, 1011 foetidus, 1011 Syringa vulgaris, 690 Tail, Hare’s, 1150 Tall White Northern Bog-orchid, 1272 Tamarack, 90 Tanacetum, 301 parthenium, 301 vulgare, 302 Tansy, 302 Tansy Mustard, 366 Tansy Ragwort, 267 Tapegrass, 1176, 1178 Tapegrass Family, Taraxacum, 302 erythrospermum, 303 laevigatum, 303 officinale, 303

Tartarian Honeysuckle, 408 Tawny Cottongrass, 1151 Taxaceae, 101 Taxus, 101 canadensis, 101 Tea, Labrador, 536 Teaberry, Eastern, 519 Tear-thumb, 738 Teasel, Teasel family, 501 Teucrium, 646 canadense, 647 Thalictrum, 803 polygamum, 804 pubescens, 804 Theypteridceae, 81 Thelypteris, 82 noveboracensis, 82 palustris, 83 simulata, 84 Thimbleweed, 786 Thinopyrum, 1412 intermedium, 1413 junceiforme, 1413 ponticum, 1413 pycnanthum, 1412 Thistle, Bull, 202 Canada, 199 Marsh Plume, 201 Milk-, 270, 271 Nodding, 194 Russian, 467 Scotch, 256 Scottish, 256 Sow-, 286 Swamp, 200 Welted, 193 Thlaspi, 386 arvense, 386 Thornapple, 960 Thoroughwort, 218 Thousand-joint, 441 Threadfoot, 726 Three-leaved False Solomon’s Seal, 1233 Thread-like Naiad, 1243 Three-way Sedge, 1130 Thuja, 86 occidentalis, 87 Thumb, Lady’s, 743 Tumble Mustard, 383 Thyme, 647 Creeping, 648 Thymelaeaceae, 967 Thyme-leaved Speedwell, 957

Index

Page | 1495

Thymus, 647 praecox, 648 arcticus, 648 Tiarella, 927 cordifolia, 927 Tick Quackgrass, 1412 Ticklegrass, 1296 Tickseed, Pink, 204 Tick Trefoil, 558, 560 Canada, 559 Tilia, 971 americana, 971 cordata, 971 platyphyllos, 971 xeuropaea, 972 xvulgaris, 972 Tiliaceae, 971 Timothy, 1385 Mountain, 1385 Tiniaria, cilinodis, 753 Tiny All-seed, 662 Tiny Trumpets, 727 Toad Rush, 1194 Toadflax, 939 Bastard, 916 Blue, 944 False, 917 Striped, 940 Tobacco, Indian, 397 Tofieldia, 1237 glutinosa, 1237 Tongue, Goose, 722 Hound’s, 331 Tooth Flatsedge, 1128 Toothwort, 359 Top, Brown- 1294 Red-, 1295 White-, 363 Torreyochloa, 1413 pallida, 1413 fernaldii, 1413 Touch-me-not family, 309 Touch-me-not, 309 Pale, 311 Small-flowered Garden, 311 Spotted, 309 Tower-mustard, 386, 387 Toxicodendron, 112 radicans, 113 rydbergii, 113 vernix, 114 Tragopogon, 304 dubius, 304 lamottei, 305 porrifolius, 305

pratensis, 305 Trailing Arbutus, 518 Trefoil, 565 Tick, 565 Triadenum, 483 fraseri, 484 virginicum, 484 Triantha, 1237 glutinosa, 1237 Trichophorum, 1168 alpinum, 1169 cespitosum, 1170 Trientalis, 780 borealis, 780 Trifolium, 574 arvense, 574 aureum, 575 campestre, 575 dubium, 576 hybridum, 576 pratense, 577 repens, 578 Triglochin, gaspense, 1215 maritima, 1217 palustris, 1218 Trillium, 1237 cernuum, 1238 erectum, 1238 grandiflorum, 1239 undulatum, 1239 Trillium, Nodding, 1238 Painted, 1239 Purple, 1238 White, 1239 Triosteum, 412 aurantiacum, 413 Tripleurospermum, 306 maritima,306 Trisetum, 1414 flavescens, 1415 melicoides, 1415 spicatum, 1416 Triticum, 1417 aestivum, 1417 Trout-lily, 1228 Trumpets, Tiny, 727 Tsuga, 100 canadensis, 100 Tubercled Spikerush, 1145 Tufted Lovegrass, 1349 Vetch, 579 Tumbleweed, 108 Turion Duckweed, 1220 Turritis, 386 glabra, 387

Turtlehead, 933 Tussilago, 306 farfara, 307 Twayblade, 1261 Broad-lipped, 1264 Heart-leaved, 1265 Loesel’s, 1261 Southern, 1262 Twig-rush, 1126 Twinflower, 406 Twisted Stalk, Rosy, 1236 White, 1236 Typha, 1457 angustifolia, 1457 latifolia, 1458 x glauca, 1458 Typhaceae, 1457 Ulmaceae, 973 Ulmus, 973 americana, 973 glabra, 974 minor, 974 suberosa, 974 Urtica, 979 dioica, 979 dioica, 979 gracilis, 979 urens, 981 Urticaceae, 975 Utricularia, 650 cornuta, 651 geminiscapa, 652 gibba, 652 intermedia, 653 minor, 654 macrorhiza, 654 purpurea, 655 radiata,655 resupinata,656 subulata,657 vulgaris,654 Uvularia, 1239 sessilifolia, 1240 Vaccaria, 449 hispanica, 449 Vaccinium, 537 angustifolium, 538 boreale, 539 cespitosum, 539 corymbosum, 540 macrocarpon, 541 myrtilloides, 542 ovalifolium, 542 oxycoccus, 543 uliginosum, 544 vitis-idaea, 545 Valerian family, 982

Index

Page | 1496

Valerian, 982 Garden, 982 Valeriana, 982 officinalis, 982 Valerianaceae, 982 Vallisneria, 1177 americana, 1178 Vasey’s Rush, 1209 Velvetgrass, 1362, 1363 Velvet-leaf, 666 Velvet-leaf Blueberry, 542 Veratrum, 1240 viride, 1241 Verbascum, 950 thapsus, 950 Verbena, 983 bracteata, 983 hastata, 984 Verbenaceae, 983 Vernalgrass, Sweet, 1304 Veronica, 951 agrestis, 952 americana, 952 arvensis, 953 chamaedrys, 954 longifolia, 954 officinalis, 955 tournefortii, 955 peregrina, 955 persica, 956 scutellata, 957 serpyllifolia, 957 verna, 958 Vervain family, 983 Vervain, 983 Bigbract, 983 Blue, 984 Vetch, 578 Crown, 573 Cultivated, 580 Hairy, 580, 583 Hedge, 581 Slender, 582 Tufted, 579 Vetchling, Yellow, 564 Viburnum, 414 alnifolium, 415 dentatum, 414 edule, 414 lantanoides, 415 nudum, 416 cassinoides, 416 opulus, 417 americanum, 417 Vicia, 578 angustifolia, 580 cracca, 579 dasycarpa, 583

hirsuta, 580 sativa, 580 nigra, 580 sativa, 581 sepium, 581 tetrasperma, 582 villosa, 583 Vinca, 151 minor, 152 Vine, Matrimony, 961 Viola, adunca, 988 arvensis, 988 blanda, 989 blanda, 989 palustriformis, 989 canadensis, 989 conspersa, 990 cucullata, 990 microtitis, 990 incognita, 989 labradorica, 990 lanceolata, 991 macloskeyi, 992 pallens, 992 nephrophylla, 992 odorata, 993 pubescens, 993 scabriuscula, 993 renifolia, 993 sagittata, 994 selkirkii, 995 septentrionalis, 995 sororia, 995 sublanceolata, 996 tricolor, 996 Violaceae,986 Violet family, 986 Violet, Blue, 990 Canada, 989 Dog, 990 Dogtooth, 1228 English, 993 Lance-leaved, 991 Smooth White, 992 Sweet White, 989 Tall White, 989 Yellow, 993 Viper’s Bugloss, 333 Virginia Pepperweed, 378 Virgins-bower, 791 Viscaceae, 998 Vitaceae, 999 Vitis, 1000 labrusca, 1000 riparia, 1001 Walnut family, 620

Water Dock, 761 Horehound, 634 Lobelia, 397 Loosestrife, 775 Mint, 636 Shield, 388 Smartweed, 740 Watercress, 379 Water Shield Family, 388 Water-arum, 1010 Water-crowfoot, White, 803 Yellow, 799 Water-hemlock, 125, 126 Bulbous, 125 Water Horsetail, 32 Water-lily family, 682 Water-lily, 684 Water-marigold, 189 Water-milfoil, 609, 610 Water-milfoil family, 609 Water Mint, 636 Water-nymph family, 1242 Water-parsnip, 146 Water-pennywort, 135 Water-pepper, 740 Mild, 741 Water-pimpernel, 779 Water-plantain family, 997 Water-plantain, 998 Water-primrose, 701 Water-purslane, 701 Water-starwort, 389 Water-starwort family, 389 Water-willow, 663 Waterweed, 1176 Western, 1177 Waterwort, 508 Waterwort family, 508 Waxberry, 412 Wedgegrass, Slender, 1410 Weeping Alkaligrass, 1400 Western Poison Ivy, 113 Salsify, 304 Waterweed, 1177 Wheat, 1417 Wheatgrass, Crested, 1292 Slender, 1344 White Adder’s-mouth, 1266 Alder, 475 Baneberry, 782 Campion, 439 Cockle, 439 Oak, 585

Index

Page | 1497

Swamp, 586 Snakeroot,1170 Twisted Stalk, 1236 White alder family, 475 White-fringed Orchid, 1268 White-tinged Sedge, 1124 White-top, 363 Whitestem Pondweed, 1430 Whitlow-grass, 371 Whorled Mallow, 670 Whortleberry, Alpine, 544 Wild Basil, 624 Calla, 1010 Carrot, 131 Comfrey, 332 Cucumber, 495 Geranium, 661 Leek, 1223 Lily, 1229 Marjoram, 641 Morning-glory, 485 Oatgrass, 1325 Pansy, 981 Pea, 563 Pear, 817, 819 Radish, 381 Raisin, 416 Rye, 1341 Ryegrass, 1344 Sarsaparilla, 157 William, Sweet, 728 Willie, Stinking, 267 Willow family, 891 Willow, 897 Bay-leaved, 909 Beaked, 900 Bog, 911 Goat, 902 Hoary, 901 Hybrid Crack, 912 Large Gray, 902 Pussy, 903 Small, 905 Shining, 906 Silky, 913 White, 900 Willow-herb, 695 Bog, 699 Large, 692 Windflower, 783 Winterberry, 155 Winter-cress, 348 Wintergreen, 519, 529 Green-flowered, 531 One-sided, 528 Sidebells, 528

Small, 533 Wiregrass, 1328 Witchgrass, 1343, 1378 Witch-hazel family, 617 Witch-hazel, 617 Witherod, 416 Wood fern family, 10 Wood Goldenrod, 275 WoodHorsetail, 39 Wood-nettle, 976 Woodreed, 1322, 1323 Sweet, 1323 Wood-rush, 1210 Common, 1212 Forest, 1211 Small-flowered, 1213 Spiked, 1214 Wood-sorrel family, 711 Wood-sorrel, 712 Creeping, 711 Yellow, 713 Woodbine, 408, 1000 Woodland Bluegrass, 1394 Woodreed, 1321 Woodsia, 26 alpina, 26 glabella, 27 ilvensis, 28 Woodsia, Alpine, 26 Rusty, 28 Smooth, 27 Woodwardia, 4 areolata, 4 virginica, 5 Woolly Hudsonia, 473 Worm Root, 150 Wormseed Sandmat, 549 Mustard, 373 Wormwood, 182 Beach, 185 Biennial, 183 Common, 185 Roman, 184 Woundwort, 646 Xanthium, 308 strumarium, 308 canadense, 308 Xyridaceae, 1460 Xyris, 1460 difformis, 1460 montana, 1461 Yarrow, 168 Yellow Foxtail, 1406 Iris, 1180 Ladies’-tresses, 1285

Lady’s-slipper, 1252 Loosestrife, 773 Nutgrass, 1130 Oatgrass, 1415 Orpine, 494 Pond-lily, 683 Rattle, 948 Rocket¸ 349 Sedge, 1037 Sweet Clover, 570 Vetchling, 564 Violet, 993 Wood-sorrel, 713 Yellowcress, 381 Creeping, 382 Yellow-eyed-grass family, 1460 Yellow-eyed-grass, 1460 Bog, 1460 Northern, 1461 Yew family, 101 Yew, 101 Canada, 101 Zannichellia, 1462 palustris, 1462 Zannichelliaceae, 1462 Zigzag Bladderwort, 657 Goldenrod, 275 Zizania, 1418 palustris, 1419 interior, 1419 Zizia, 147 aurea, 147 Zostera, 1463 marina, 1463 Zosteraceae, 1463

Nova Scotia is home to around 1600 species of ferns, conifers and flowering plants. This book

provides keys to aid in identification, distribution maps and species descriptions. Full-colour

photographs have been crowd-sourced and used with permission. The geographical context

of our flora, history of NS botanical exploration and this e-publication process are all

discussed by the authors. The book also includes an index to scientific, English, French and

Mi’kmaq names in addition to notes on those plants harmful to our health. The three

authors share a history with Acadia University and were all students of the late SP

VanderKloet. We are grateful for the support of the EC Smith Herbarium and the K.C. Irving

Environmental Science Centre in addition to the Fernhill Institute.

We dedicate this work to those who came before us and those who follow us in the study of

Nova Scotia Plants.

Marian C. Munro, Ruth E. Newell, Nicholas M. Hill

Cover photographs by Sara Spike

NOVA SCOTIA PLANTSWe are grateful for the support of

ISBN: 978-1-55457-634-0