Page 1 /

! "" # "$ # "! # " %!# "! &

' "

# # # # ( # ) !" !# ) *## ) )

& & & & ( ! & ) !#& ) ! #&# ) &

+ &+ ++ ++ ( ++ " ++ ) '

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Page 2 /

1. Introduction

),-./012/20,.3045.6718.9),5.1:2.01;31,<=594.9.573>7413*9.?.54.01;36=82-2;1.=4332@2.59=53-.382-2.4A25943012.-3B4.978.302B4.3.--.<.40/.<.59=509=53/.10=25.3/21/7530=5/.3/78<178.001.-=3,/4120,9.3402-23=0.413

2. Généralités

2.1. Origine des accidents

.3=//29.5039)712:25.,-./012B4.<.4?.50=?7219.4A/=43.3!

=43.3C48=25.3!D:571=5/.7425/78<,0.5/.9.343=:.139.-),-./012/20,D=40.9./78<710.8.50/788..66./04.145.250.1?.5027537430.53275.55,:-2:.=50-.3123B4.3D=4?=23.501.02.574879262/=02759)45.2530=--=02753=531.3<./0.1-.31,:-.8.50=02753341-.32530=--=02753,-./012B4.3D=4?=23.402-23=0275341.A<-720=02759)45.2530=--=0275

=43.38=0,12.--.3!D530=--=02753?,0430.3E9,6=409)237-.8.50B4=-20,9.<123.9.0.11.9,:1=9,.F G

),-./0123=0275/759420?.139.4A0H<.39.-,32753!

753,B4.5/.3921./0.3!@1I-41.3250.15.362@12--=02750,0=523=02759.3843/-.3F

753,B4.5/.325921./0.3!/C40.3@1I-41.3.A0.15.394.3J45.,-,?=02759.0.8<,1=041.9.3<=102.3=/02?.3J9.3<17>./027539)=1/3,-./012B4.3744525/.592..A<-73275F

2.2. Risques par rapport aux utilisateurs

.9=5:.1<741-./71<3C48=25.309)=40=50<-43:1=5932!D-)250.5320,<=33=509=53-./71<3.30:1=59.D-=941,.9.<=33=:.94/741=50.30:1=59.

58.0.5,?29.5/.-=1.-=0275.501.-=:1=?20,9.3-,32753-)250.5320,.0-.0.8<39=53-.:1=<C./2D/7501.

51.02.591=B4.-./741=50,-./012B4.=-0.15=026.309=5:.1.4AJ<=10219.'8 .08710.-J<=10219.'8 E<74145.941,.9.<-439.3G

2.3. Normes régissant la protection des personnes

!530=--=02753,-./012B4.3@=33.0.53275!23025/02759.3<17942036=@12B4,3/756718,8.50=4A5718.361=5K=23.3!592/.9.-=33./-./0170./C52B4.!592/.9.3743/-=33.''!48,179)7191.9.-=5718.

Page 3 /

401.35718.3.51=5/.!E 337/2=02751=5K=23.9.8=-23=0275GE5275./C52B4.9)-./012/20,G

5417<.!E7820,417<,.59.718=-23=0275012B4.G

=53-.8759.!E788233275-./0170./C52B4.50.15=0275=-.G

2.4. Courbes de sécurité, tensions de sécurité

=1,3230=5/.94/71<3C48=25,?7-4.342?=50@.=4/74<9.<=1=8;01.3E0.53275/759202753=0873<C,12B4.3=5=0782./759202753<CH32B4.3.0/G=?=-.41<.40L01.,?=-4,..501.B4.-B4.3M2-77C8.0B4.-B4.38,:7C83

=/=1=/0,12302B4./2D/7501.9755.-.3?=12=027539./.00.1,3230=5/..5675/02759.-=0.532759./750=/0.09.-),0=09.-=<.=4

.-75/.3/75329,1=02753-=5718.9,6252045.?=-.41-2820.9.0.532759./750=/0J5.<=39,<=33.1.5/=39.9,6=409)237-.8.509=53-)2530=--=0275.3?=-.413750,0,

9,0.1825,.39.6=K75J/.B4.-=3,/4120,9.3<.13755.33720?,1262,.9=530743-.3/=3

! " #

./.0=@-.=4=2532B4.94:1=<C.0N6EG759,9420-.:1=<C./2D/7501.B429,62520-.0.8<38=A28489.9,/-.5/C.8.509.3=<<=1.2-39.<170./0275.5675/02759.-=0.532759./750=/0.09.-=0.53275-2820.9.3,/4120,!

Page 4 /

3. Définitions

7594/0.413=/0263!/7594/0.415718=-.8.50=66./0,J-=01=5382332759.-),5.1:2.0.-3B4.-.3/7594/0.4139.<C=3.749.5.401.E-.5).30<=345/7594/0.41=/026G

7594/0.419.<170./0275,B42<70.502.--.!/7594/0.419.3025,J8.001.=48L8.<70.502.-0740.3-.3<=102.38,0=--2B4.39)45.2530=--=0275E/=1/=33.33014/041.3F G

.401.!/7594/0.41=/0261.-2,921./0.8.507425921./0.8.50J-=0.11.

=33.3!<=102.8,0=--2B4.9)458=0,12.-,-./012B4.343/.<02@-.9)L01..5/750=/0=?./45.<.13755..0B42<7411=20L01.=//29.50.--.8.5037430.53275

123.9.0.11.!.53.8@-.9.3<2;/.3/7594/012/.3.5675/,.39=53-.37-.0=3341=5045.-2=2375,-./012B4..662/=/.=?./-=0.11.

750=/0921./0!/750=/09)45.<.13755.=?./45.<=102.=/02?.94/21/420E@=11./7594/012/.@715.9.1=//719.8.50575<170,:,.F G

750=/025921./0!/750=/09)45.<.13755.=?./45.8=33.823.=//29.50.--.8.5037430.532753420.J459,6=409)237-.8.50

,6=4061=5/!/7594/0.41=/026823=//29.50.--.8.50.5/750=/0921./03=531,3230=5/.9./750=/0=?./-=8=33.8,0=--2B4.9.-)=<<=1.2-

,6=4057561=5/!/7594/0.41=/026823=//29.50.--.8.50.5/750=/025921./0=?./1,3230=5/.9./750=/0=?./-=8=33.8,0=--2B4.9.-)=<<=1.2-

3.1. Identification, codification des régimes de neutre

)29.50262/=0275941,:28.9.5.401.3.6=20J<=10219.9.4A-.001.3!D-=<1.82;1.2592B4.-=<7320275945.401.E<7411.-2,J-=.11.<74137-,748<,9=50<=11=<<710J-=0.11.GD-=3./759.2592B4.-=<73202759.38=33.3E<7411.-2,.3J-=.11.<7411.-2,.3=4.401.G

5.017232;8.-.001.<.40/78<-,0.19=53/.10=253/=3-=9,32:5=0275941,:28.9.5.401.

4. La protection différentielle

4.1. Définition

5=<<.--.E23<732026266,1.502.-,3294.-G74E=10C.=M=:.21/4201.=M.1G0740=<<=1.2-9.<170./0275O9.3025,J9,0./0.145/741=501,3294.-/753,/4026J-=3788.9.3/741=503?./0712.-39.3/7594/0.413=/0263P

.3=<<=1.2-33750/-=33262,33.-75017236=82--.3!

%&%'()*+),,-&%./)%'02-/78<710.328<-.8.50459,0./0.419.9,6=40.0B42,8.04532:5=--.30=337/2,8,/=52B4.8.5074,-./012B4.8.50J45923>75/0.417445/750=/0.41E2:G

=8.341.94/741=509.6420.J-=0.11.<.40L01.1,=-23,.<=145071.3,<=1,E2:G

1)./%&&23/%2&+),,-&%./)%'!2-,0=@-2034<<710..0/74<.9.3/741=5039=53-.3/7592027539.3.1?2/.5718=-.3.0<17?7B4.-Q74?.1041.9.3/750=/03B4=59-./741=509266,1.502.-=00.2509=539.3/7592027533<,/262B4.3-=?=-.419.3.532@2-20,Q250.114<0.419266,1.502.-5Q.30<=3<170,:,0C.182B4.8.50.09720L01.=337/2,J45.<170./02758=:5,07D0C.182B4.E2:G

Page 5 /

%+)*45.6/%2&+),,-&%./)%'!2-/78<710..5<-439.-=675/02759266,1.502.--.45923<7320269.<170./0275/7501.-.3341/C=1:.3.0-.3/74103D/21/4203E2:G

4.2. Principe de fonctionnement

..30/75K4=407419Q4501=536718=0.419Q250.5320,B42.53.11.-.3/7594/0.413=/0263E<C=3.3.05.401.G

=53-./=39Q45/21/4203=539,6=40-=

3788.?./0712.--. ' =+++ 2-5QH=975/<=39./741=509=53-=@7@25.9.9,0./0275

7139Q459,6=40-=3788.?./0712.--.

=+++ 2-=<<=1=R0975/45/741=509=53-=@7@25.9.9,0./0275<17<7102755.-=4/741=509.9,6=40+=@7@25.=-28.50.45923<732026J3.42-9./741=50B429755.1=-Q7191.9.9,/-.5/C.8.50J-Q=<<=1.2-9./74<41.E250.114<0.41923>75/0.41G

4.3. Conditions de déclenchement

.3.42-9.1,:-=:..30=<<.-,∆∆∆∆.=5718.9./753014/02759.3E D'G07-;1.45.S75.9=53-=B4.--.-.3H30;8.9266,1.502.-<.40745759,/-.5/C.1.00.S75..30675/027594/741=509.9,6=40+.0943.42-94∆∆∆∆.0

D 29T∆5!9,/-.5/C.8.507@-2:=0721.94

D 29U∆5V<=39.9,/-.5/C.8.5094

D <7419/78<123.501./.39.4A?=-.413-.<.40745759,/-.5/C.1

4.4. Caractéristiques

.337509.38=0,12.-39,62523<=1-=5718.250.15=0275=-. '#B42<1.3/120017230H<.39.<170./02753=2532B4.9.33.42-39.9,/-.5/C.8.50743.532@2-20,3!

783%09,0./0.-.39,6=403.5/741=50

783%09,0./0.-.39,6=403.5/741=50 .028<4-32755.-3EJ/75920275B4.-./741=503)=554-.=48725345.6723/C=B4.9.82/H/-.G

Page 6 /

783% 09,0./0.-.39,6=403.5/741=50 28<4-32755.-3.0-233,3

.33.532@2-20,35718=-23,.39=53-= '#37501.:174<,.3.501723=<<.--=02753!

D C=40.3.532@2-20,DD! '.0'8 D 87H.55.3.532@2-20,DD!''''.0''8 D @=33.3.532@2-20,DD!'.0'

.-75-.41.8<-729=5345.2530=--=02752-3<74117509.<-43L01.J9,/-.5/C.8.502530=50=5,741.0=19,

.0.8<39.9,/-.5/C.8.5094.309)=40=50<-43/7410B4.-./741=509.9,6=40.3034<,12.41=4/741=509.1,:-=:.-.A230.B4=01./-=33.39..5675/02759.-.410.8<39.675/02755.8.50E9,/-.5/C.8.50W/74<41.G

)=401.<=10<7419.31=237539.3,-./02?20,2-<.40L01.5,/.33=21.9.1.0=19.1459,/-.5/C.8.50-H=017230H<.39.1.0=19! =39.1.0=19* '839.1.0=19* ''839.1.0=19

4.5. Test & contrôles des installations protégées par appareils différentiels.

.9266,1.502.-250.1178<0-=/21/4-=02759.3/741=5039.9,6=403-713B4./.4AD/2=00.2:5.509.3?=-.413B425.3750<-43/78<=02@-.3=?./-=3,/4120,/78<0.0.549.-=?=-.419.-=0.11.E0.532759./750=/0256,12.41.J'"74"G

,0C79.9.8.341.!.4A0.303<.18.00.509.3)=3341.194@75675/02755.8.509.3923<73202639266,1.502.-3!

X=8.341.940.8<39.923>75/0275!.--.3.1,=-23..56=23=50/21/4-.145/741=509.9,6=409.?=-.4162A.,:=-74<17<7102755.-=4/=-2@1.57825=-949266,1.502.-

X=8.341.94/741=509.923>75/0275!.--.3.1,=-23..56=23=50/17R01.-./741=50<17:1.332?.8.50E1=8<.G>43B4)J-=923>75/0275949266,1.502.-.--.D/297203.<179421..501.'Y.0''Y94/=-2@1.57825=-

-.A230.45.92?.1320,9)=<<=1.2-3<.18.00=509).66./04.19.38.341.39.9,/-.5/C.8.509.923<73202639266,1.502.-3.3=<<=1.2-3<17<73.509.30.303<-437487253/78<-.033.-75-.3879;-.3

5. Sélectivité

5.1. Définition :

=3,-./02?20,.30-=/771925=02759.3923<73202639.<170./0275<741B4Q459,6=40341?.5=50.545<7250B4.-/75B4.941,3.=43720,-2825,<=1-.923>75/0.41<-=/,288,92=0.8.50.5=8750949,6=40

9-=33.

∆5 ∆5 '∆5' '''83 '83 '83

' ''83 ''83 '83

'''83 '83 '83

''83 ''83 ''83

Page 7 /

70.!-=3,-./02?20,<.403)=<<-2B4.1=4332@2.5J45.<170./0275/7501.-.3341250.5320,3E923>75/0.413GB4)J45.<170./0275/7501.-.39,6=4039)237-.8.50E23<73202639266,1.502.-3G

5.2. Sélectivité verticale

7411,=-23.1-=3,-./02?20,.501. .0E575D9,/-.5/C.8.509. <7419,6=40.5=?=-9.G-=3,-./02?20,9720L01.=8<;1.8,012B4..0/C17578,012B4.!

D .5/741=50-=3.532@2-20,9.-)=<<=1.2-=87509720L01.=487253-.974@-.9./.--.9.-)=<<=1.2-=?=-/=1.5Vy 9,6=40y .5

D .50.8<3-.1.0=190=<<710,=4675/02755.8.509.-)=<<=1.2-=87509720L01.34<,12.41=40.8<3070=-9./74<41.09.-)=<<=1.2-=?=-

713B4)75402-23.451.-=233,<=1,=337/2,J45=<<=1.2-9./74<41.-.0.8<30/78<710.5753.4-.8.50-.0.8<39.1,<753.941.-=238=23,:=-.8.50-.0.8<39./74<41.9.-)=<<=1.2-=337/2,E:,5,1=-.8.50256,12.41J'83G

5.3. Sélectivité Horizontale

1,?4.<=1-=5718.D''Z DD.--.<.18.0-),/75782.9)45923>75/0.419266,1.502.-.50L0.9)2530=--=0275-713B4.-.392?.13923>75/0.41337509=53-.8L8.0=@-.=45/=39.9,6=403.4--.9,<=10.59,6=40.30823C7130.53275-.3=401.3923<73202639266,1.502.-35.?7H=50<=39./741=509.9,6=40

.3/C,8=5Q.30=9823B4.32-.387H.53=<<17<12,33750823.5[4?1.<7413.<1,84521/7501.-.39,6=403J-=8=33.9=53-=<=102.9Q2530=--=0275/78<123.501.-.923>75/0.413:,5,1=-.0-.3923<73202639266,1.502.-3

.387H.53=<<17<12,3<.4?.501,34-0.19.-Q.8<-729.8=0,12.-39.-=/C=33.74-Q=<<-2/=02759.-=8.341.9.<170./0275\<=1237-=027534<<-,8.50=21.\/7501.-.3/750=/0325921./03

5.4. Sélectivité Chronométrique :

.00.0./C52B4./753230.J1.0=19.1<-437487253-Q2530=509Q74?.1041.9.3.5>74=50341-.0.8<39.675/02755.8.509.3=<<=1.2-3--.5,/.3320.!

D-Q2501794/02759.1.0=19=0.4139=53-.3H30;8.9.9,/-.5/C.8.509.3923>75/0.413=8750

D-.3=<<=1.2-3-.3<-43<17/C.39.31,/.<0.413972?.501.3<./0.1-.30.8<3825284839.9,/-.5/C.8.50.5675/02759.30.5327539./750=/0E?721/741@.39.3,/4120,G

5.5. Sélectivité Ampèremétrique :

Page 8 /

B42<7539.-.3923>75/0.413.0

5/=39.9,6=40341-.<1.82.11,/.<0.41-.39..09.375001=?.13,3<=1-.8L8./741=509.9,6=40-.30975/28<,1=0269Q=?72145.3,-./02?20,.501./.39.4A=<<=1.2-332-Q759,321.=?72145./75025420,9.3.1?2/.

-.30975/5,/.33=21.9.1,:-.1-.3.42-9.575D675/02755.8.50949.E∆5VG34<,12.4174=487253,:=-=43.42-9.675/02755.8.50949.E∆5G

-432.413/=3<.4?.503.<179421.342?=50-=?=-.4194/741=509.9,6=40!

D 9U∆5V52-.9.52-.9.5.37503.532@-.3D ∆5VU9U∆5-.3.42-9.675/02755.8.509.9..30<.40L01.=00.250ES75.

9.07-,1=5/.G2-H=3,-./02?20,D Ι∆5U9U∆5V-.3.42-9.9,/-.5/C.8.50949..30=00.250<=3/.-429.

-H=3,-./02?20,D ∆5VU9U∆5-.9.9,/-.5/C..0-.9.<.409,/-.5/C.1/=15743

3788.39=533=S75.9Q25/.102049.=3,-./02?20,5.<.40L01.:=1=502.D ∆5U9-.39..09.9,/-.5/C.502-5QH=<=33,-./02?20,

=3,-./02?20,.30975/-2820,.J9.3?=-.4139.9U∆5V5920B4Q2-H=3,-./02?20,=8<;1.8,012B4.<=102.--.

7417@0.521-=3,-./02?20,9=530743-.3/=32-.305,/.33=21.9.1.0=19.1-.675/02755.8.50949.-3Q=:209=53/./=39Q45.3,-./02?20,/C17578,012B4.

;:-.!<7417@0.52145.3,-./02?20,?.102/=-.070=-.2-6=40B4.!

D -.3.42-94=87503720=4872539.9.4A6723-.3.42-94=?=-

D -.0.8<39.575D675/02755.8.5094=8750372034<,12.4174=487253,:=-=40.8<3070=-9./74<41.94=?=-74=-713B4.-.=87503720940H<.3,-./026

5.6. Sélectivité Logique :

Page 9 /

--.3Q7@02.50<=1453H30;8.9755=50-Q7191.9.9,/-.5/C.8.50.5675/02759.-=-7/=-23=0275949,6=40

/C=B4.52?.=4-.1.-=23-7:2B4.1.K7209.4A256718=02753!D45.28=:.9.-Q250.5320,<=33=509=53-)=<<=1.2-B4Q2-/788=59.D4532:5=-?.5=509.3=<<=1.2-33204,3288,92=0.8.50.5=?=--422592B4=5032-Q459).4A?720<=33.1-=341250.5320,

.1.-=23,8.09.4A7191.3!D457191.9.9,/-.5/C.8.50?.13-)=<<=1.2-B4Q2-/7501]-.3Q2--Q.3028.5,/.33=21.D45.256718=02752592B4=5074575B4Q2-?720<=33.145.341250.5320,?.13-)=<<=1.2-3204,.5=8750

=53-Q.A.8<-./2/7501.-.9,6=403.1=?4<=1-.1.-=239..0-.1.-=239.

=5345<1.82.10.8<3-.1.-=239.1.K72045.256718=0275941.-=239.-422592B4=50B4Q2-9755.-Q7191.J9.3Q74?121<741,-2825.1-.9,6=40

25Q74?1.<=33420.J45.9,6=2--=5/.-.1.-=239.9755.1==-713-Q7191.J9./74<.1

.3H30;8.9.3,-./02?20,5,/.3320.9.362-3<2-70.3.501.,0=:.3.045.3741/.=4A2-2=21.9Q=-28.50=0275/.B421.59375402-23=027592662/2-..5@=33.0.53275

6. Prise de terre

=-,:23-=0275=1.5947@-2:=0721.-)2530=--=02759)45.<123.9.0.11.--.,?20.9.3,-,?=027539=5:.1.43.39.<70.502.-9.38=33.3.045.823.37430.53275=//29.50.--.9.8=33.38,0=--2B4.374/7594/012/.3<74?=50L01.074/C,.3<=1452592?2944=5945.0.53275=5718=-.E74O0.532759.9,6=40PG.30/1,,.-),/74-.8.50?2=-=<123.9.0.11.94O/741=509.9,6=40P=337/2,<.18.001=-.9,/-.5/C.8.50325,/.33=21.9.3923<73202639.<170./02755.<123.9.0.11.9720074>7413975/L01.=337/2,.J45923<7320269./74<41.32575.--.5)=<1=02B4.8.50=4/45250,1L0

.3923<73202639.<170./0275972?.509,/-.5/C.19;3B4)45/741=509.9,6=40/21/4-=509=53-)2530=--=0275.501=R5.45.0.532759.9,6=409,<=33=50-=0.53275-2820.=//.<0,.<=1-./71<3C48=25

75329,1.1753!-2820.N'" *.6=K75:,5,1=-.9=53-.32530=--=02753978.302B4.3-.923<7320269./74<41.9266,1.502.-EG=337/2,J-=<123.9.0.11.=//.<0.45.,-,?=02759./741=509.''8

=1-=-729)C8N57@02.50!N'"V' N''.

741:=1=5021-=3,/4120,9.32592?2943.09.3@2.532-6=40B4.-=1,3230=5/.9.-=<123.9.0.11.3720256,12.41.J''.

=1,=-23=02759)45.@755.<123.9.0.11.E9750-=1,3230=5/..30U''G9,<.599.01723,-,8.503.33.502.-3!

D -=5=041.9.-=<123.9.0.11.D -=5=041..0-=1,32302?20,940.11=25D -./7594/0.419.0.11.

Page 10 /

6.1. Nature des prises de terre

756718,8.50J-=5718.D''-.3<123.39.0.11.<.4?.50L01.9.-)459.30H<.3342?=503!

D <2B4.037404@.38,0=--2B4.3?.102/=4AD 14@=5374/@-.3.567423C712S750=-.8.50D <-=B4.38,0=--2B4.3D /.25041=:.38,0=--2B4.3J67599.6742--.3D =18=041.3.5@,075357H,.39=53-.37-D /=5=-23=027538,0=--2B4.39.923012@402759).=4E=?./-)=//71994923012@40.419).=4GD .0/F

=1,3230=5/.9.-=<123.9.0.11.=2532/7530204,.9,<.591=9.3=6718.9.37528<-=50=02759=53-.0.11=25975/9.-=1,32302?20,9./.-42D/2

6.1.1.Boucle à fond de fouille

.-725-=0./C52B4.-=<-43.662/=/..--./753230.J/1.43.145.01=5/C,.=407419.-=8=2375<423J.50.11.145/@-.9,549,B426718.1=45.@74/-.=1,3230=5/..309.-Q7191.9.''7C83

"7439.?1.S402-23.14562-9./42?1.549.88_E74+88_<7419.-Q=/2.1:=-?=523,G

6.1.2.Piquet vertical

.<2B4.0?.102/=-.309Q402-23=0275/741=50.7410=50/.00.0./C52B4..309Q451,34-0=087H.532.--..30402-23,.3414537-<2.11.4A/=-/=21.74:1=5202B4.*/Q.30J921.450.11=253./414537-<-40]0C4829./.00.0./C52B4.7661.45.@755.B4=-20,9.1,3230=5/.E01;36=2@-.G.045.1,=-23=0275328<-.

--./753230.J<-=50.145<2B4.09=53-.37-.09QH1.-2.1-./7594/0.419.0.11.-.306710.8.501./788=59.19.1,=-23.1451.:=199.?2320.<741?,1262.1-Q,0=09.-=/755.A275.0-=<170,:.19.-=/71173275=/755.A275<.40L01..50741,.9Q45:749175749Q458=302/

570.1B4Q2-.30<7332@-.9.<-=/.1<-432.413<2B4.03<741=8,-271.1-=B4=-20,9.-=1,3230=5/.

! "#$"

6.1.3.tranchée

.00.0./C52B4./753230.J/1.43.145.01=5/C,.9.8;01.9.<176759.41.09.'8;01.39.-75:.09QH<-=/.145/7594/0.419./42?1.549.88_2?743342?.S-.3/=5=-23=027539Q.=49.:=S749Q,-./012/20,?7439.?.S-=233.145.3<=/.9.'/.5028;01.3.501.-.39.4A01=5/C,.3

6.1.4.canalisations d'eau

.3/=5=-23=027539Q.=4<.4?.503.1?219.823.J-=0.11.J/759202753B4Q.--.3372.50.58,0=-Q=//71994923012@40.419Q.=4.305,/.33=21.51.?=5/C.2-.30250.19209Q402-23.1-.3/=5=-23=027539.:=S9./C=466=:./.501=-

6.1.5.barrette de mesure

=@715.<125/2<=-.9.0.11.74@=11.00.9.8.341..307@-2:=0721.<741-Q2530=--=02759Q45.<123.9.0.11.--..30250.1/=-,..501.-./21/420<125/2<=-9.-QC=@20=0275.0-./7594/0.419.37102.B423.1=@1=5/C,.9=53-.37-.00.@715.9720L01.6=/2-.8.50=//.332@-..09,8750=@-.

Page 11 /

6.2. Notion de résistivité de terrain

=1,32302?20,EG9)450.11=253).A<128..5C88;01.E&8G./2/711.3<759J-=1,3230=5/.0C,712B4..5C89)45/H-2591.9.0.11.9.8

9.3./0275.09.89.-75:4.41=1,32302?20,.3001;3?=12=@-.3.-75-.31,:2753.0-=5=041.9.337-3/=1.--.9,<.59940=4A9)C482920,.09.-=0.8<,1=041.E-.:.-74-=3,/C.1.33.-)=4:8.50.50G

Pour exemples :ure du terrain Résistivité (en ..m)

6.3. Mesure de la prise de terre

125/2<.!

.30-=<123.9.0.11.J8.341.156=20/21/4-.1J-)=29.9)45:,5,1=0.41=<<17<12,45/741=50=-0.15=026E2G/7530=50J01=?.13-=<123.=4A2-2=21.920.O<123.9)25>./0275/741=50P-.1.07413.1,=-23=50<=1-=<123.9.0.11.58.341.-=0.53275".501.-.3<123.3.0-.<72509437-7 -.<70.502.-.3054-=487H.59)45.=401.<123.=4A2-2=21.920.O<123.9.<70.502.-'"P

.B4702.509.-=0.53275"=25328.341,.<=1-./741=50/7530=5025>./0,E2G9755.-=1,3230=5/.1./C.1/C,.

NV

7. Régime TT

7.1. Définition

=53/.0H<.9.3/C,8=9209.a5.401.J-=0.11.b!-.5.401.9.-=3741/..301.-2,J45.<123.9.0.11..5:,5,1=-923025/0.9./.--.9.38=33.30740.3-.38=33.3<170,:,.3<=1458L8.923<7320269.

Page 12 /

/74<41.972?.50L01.1.-2,.3=48L8.3H30;8.9.823.J-=0.11.).30-./=30H<2B4.9.-=923012@40275<4@-2B4..51=5/.

7.2. Principe de la protection

5<1,3.5/.9)459,6=409)237-.8.50-./741=509.9,6=409.30,?=/4,<=1-.37-<=1-)250.18,92=21.9.3<123.39.0.11.945.401..09.38=33.3./741=509.6420.3.1=9,0./0,.0-)2530=--=0275823.C7133.1?2/.288,92=0.8.50

9.30.33.502.--.8.50-2820,<=1-.31,3230=5/.39.3<123.39.0.11.

=53-)CH<70C;3.9)459,6=4061=5/-./741=509.9,6=40.30!

9N7VΣ0.11.=?./Σ0.11.,0=50-=3788.9.31,3230=5/.39.<123.9.0.11.945.401.5.09.<123.9.0.11.9.38=33.38

./741=509.9,6=4025942045.0.532759.9,6=40=4A@715.39.-=1,3230=5/.9.0.11.9.38=33.3!

9N8×9749N7×8VE8W5G

.31,3230=5/.39.0.11.,0=50:,5,1=-.8.506=2@-.3.09.8L8.7191.9.:1=59.41E.5?2175'ΩG/.00.0.532759.-)7191.9.7V.309=5:.1.43.*2-.30975/7@-2:=0721.9.<1,?72145.9,/755.A275=4078=02B4.9.-=<=102.9.-)2530=--=0275/75/.15,.<=1-.9,6=40

7.3. Schéma de principe

$ $

7.4. Appareils à associer

./741=509.9,6=40=4D9.-J94B4.-2-H=123B4.97NV=,0=5001;3-=1:.8.50256,12.41=4A1,:-=:.39.3923<73202639.<170./0275J8=A28489./741=502-.305,/.33=21.9.8.001..57.4?1..50L0.9Q2530=--=0275=48725345741=8,-271.1-=923<752@2-20,9.-Q,5.1:2.,-./012B4.-Q.8<-729.<-432.413<.18.09.1,=-23.145.3,-./02?20,=8<;1.8,012B4..0/C17578,012B4.=49,/-.5/C.8.50743/.3=41750453.42-9./741=50=332:5,∆5256,12.41J97

=823.C7130.53275<=1250.1?.502759.397203.6=21.9)=<1;3-=5718..5872539.3 570.1B4.-=<170./0275<=1! D.30259,<.59=50.9.-=-75:4.419.3/@-.3* D=407123.<-432.413<123.39.0.11.83,<=1,.3E923<7320275575374C=20=@-./=1-.5).30<-4345.1,6,1.5/.9.<70.502.-452B4.<741-).53.8@-.9.-)2530=--=0275G

Page 13 /

7.5. Calcul d’une installation : vérification de la protection pour :

7.5.1.défaut simple, franc

a) Calcul de la tension de contact:

741/.0.A.8<-.75<1.591=-.3?=-.413! "N'"8N&'c5N'c

5/75329,1.1=B4.-.9,6=40.30341?.549=5345-7/=-3./Ed'"G

741-./=-/4-9./5743402-23.1753-.<75092?23.419.0.53275!/NE8VE8W5GGe"6NE&'VE&'W'GGe'N

.00.0.532759./750=/0.309=5:.1.43./=1/TE #"T'"G2-.305,/.33=21.9.8.001.C7130.53275-)2530=--=0275

51.8=1B4.B4.<-43-=?=-.419.-=<123.9.0.11.9.38=33.3.3028<710=50.<-43-=0.532759./750=/03.1=:1=59.!2-6=40975/1.591.-=?=-.419.-=<123.9.0.11.9.38=33.3-=<-436=2@-.<7332@-.

b) Détermination du temps de coupure :

743=--753J<1,3.509,0.1825.1-.0.8<38=A2848B4.-)=<<=1.2-9.<170./02755.9720<=39,<=33.1<7411,=:213=538.001..59=5:.1-=<.13755.

"72/2450=@-.=49755=50-.0.8<39./74<41.8=A28=-94923<7320269.<170./0275.5675/02759.-=?=-.419.-=0.532759./750=/0<741459,6=403.3204=509=5345-7/=-7 -=?=-.419.-=0.53275-2820..30'"

)=<1;3/.0=@-.=4-)=-28.50=02759.?1=L01.250.1178<4..5450.8<3256,12.4174,:=-J9*

c) Calcul du courant de défaut

-)=29.943/C,8=,B42?=-.50<1,/,9.50+N"VE8W5GN'VE&'W'GN9

./741=509.9,6=40.30017<6=2@-.<7416=21.1,=:21-.3<170./02753/7501.-.3341250.5320,3E923>75/0.418=:5,07D0C.182B4.6432@-.3G

)=<<=1.2-9./74<41.=4078=02B4.=<<17<12,3.1=45)*35*)/),),,-&%./)%':652&(./-*)+2%';<

=-/4-753J<1,3.50-=?=-.4194/741=50E<G01=?.13=50-=<.13755.B42074/C.1=20-=8=/C25..59,6=40E75<1.591='''c9.1,3230=5/./71<71.--.G!3N/VCN #V'''N=

=

.

+

6

Page 14 /

./741=50.30-=1:.8.5034<,12.41=43.42-9.5759=5:.1<741-./71<3C48=25E'8 G

d) Choix de la sensibilité du D.D.R.

7415.<=38.001..59=5:.1-.3<.13755.32-6=40B4.-=3.532@2-20,>.943720!

>.?@=

=535701..A.8<-.f5?'V&'3720>.?=

53)=<.1K720B4)2-.3001;3328<-.9)=3341.145.@755.3,/4120,8L8.32-=<123.9.0.11.9.38=33.3=45.?=-.41=33.S,-.?,.2-346620<741/.-=9./7112:.1-=3.532@2-20,94

e) Récapitulatif :

-57436=491=975/45=<<=1.2-9266,1.502.-9750-=3.532@2-20,9.?1=L01.256,12.41.J 8 .0B42=3341.1=45.74?.1041.94/21/420.59,6=40.5872539.'#3

7.5.2.défaut simple, non franc

=8,0C79..30-=8L8.B4.-.9,6=40372061=5/74575*-.3/C,8=,B42?=-.509.?2.50=-713!

42?=50-=?=-.419.92-/75?2.509.1.<1.591.-.3/=-/4-39.9/.09.9,0.1825.13.-75-./=3-.0.8<38=A9.9,/-.5/C.8.509.-)=<<=1.2-J=337/2.1

=

.

+

6+

7.5.3.défaut double (à compléter)

7.5.4.cas de prises de terre multiple (à compléter)

7.6. Conditions d’utilisation ;

740.3-.38=33.39.38=0,12.-3<170,:,3<=1458L8.923<7320269.<170./0275972?.50L01.1.-2,3<=1458L8./7594/0.419.<170./0275.0J45.<123.9.0.11./78845.

=<170./02759266,1.502.--.97203=0236=21.J-=1.-=0275!

∆∆∆∆.≤≤≤≤'@=

=?./∆5!3.532@2-20,94-0.53275-2820.9.3,/4120,28<73,.<=1-=5718..08?=-.419.-=1,3230=5/.9.<123.9.0.11.9.38=33.3

7.7. Domaine d’application, Exemples d’installation

2-Q43=:.15Q.30<=3<17<12,0=21.9401=536718=0.41!1,:28.28<73,<=1

8. Régime IT

Page 15 /

8.1. Définition

=53/.0H<.9.3/C,8=920OJ5.401.237-,P-.5.401.9401=536718=0.41.30!D3720237-,9.-=0.11.E5.401.237-,GD37201.-2,J-=0.11.<=145.28<,9=5/.,-.?,.E5.401.28<,9=50G*

740.3-.38=33.39.-)2530=--=027537501.-2,.3J-=0.11.

8.2. Principe de la protection

=G=39)45<1.82.19,6=40E9,6=40328<-.G!

.<1.82.19,6=409)237-.8.50.5:.591.45/741=509.9,6=409<=1-)250.18,92=21.9.-=<123.9.0.11.9.38=33.389.-=<123.9.0.11.945.401.5.09.-)28<,9=5/.,-.?,.9.-2=2375945.401.J-=0.11.!-./741=509.3001;36=2@-.E9.-)7191.9.''8 G

=0.532759./750=/0/N8×95.?=40=-713B4.B4.-B4.392A2;8.39."7-03.00.0.53275.305759=5:.1.43.975/-)2530=--=0275<.40L01.8=250.54..53.1?2/.

.<1.82.19,6=4097205,=587253L01.32:5=-,<=1-.E/7501]-.41<.18=5.509)237-.8.50G-6=40923<73.19Q453H30;8.9.-7/=-23=0275949,6=40<741<74?721250.1?.521341D-.D/C=8<

=53-./=3/7501=21.9=53-QCH<70C;3.9.-=341?.54.9Q459.4A2;8.9,6=40-=3,/4120,.30=3341,./788..51,:28.<=1-.923>75/0.418=:5,07D0C.182B4./.B42.501=R5.45.250.114<02759.3.1?2/.

.-2820.419.3410.53275=<741@409Q,-2825.1-.33410.532753<=11=<<710J-=0.11..5/=39./-=B4=:..501..5174-.8.5039401=536718=0.41!2-01=536718.-.1,:28..51,:28..5/=39.3410.5327528<710=50.

@G78<710.8.50=49.4A2;8.9,6=40!

713B4)459.4A2;8.9,6=40=<<=1=R0.0B4.-.<1.82.19,6=405)=<=3,0,,-2825,01723/=33750J.A=825.1!D-.9,6=40/75/.15.-.8L8./7594/0.41=/026!12.55.3.<=33..0-).A<-720=0275<.40/750254.1D-.9,6=40/75/.15.9.4A/7594/0.413=/02639266,1.503!320740.3-.38=33.33750250.1/755./0,.3-.9,6=40974@-..3045/7410D/21/420E?2=-.GD-.9,6=40/75/.15.9.4A/7594/0.413=/02639266,1.5038=230740.3-.38=33.35.3750<=3250.1/755./0,.3!7419.38=33.3823.3J-=0.11.2592?294.--.8.5074<=1:174<./C=B4./21/42074/C=B4.:174<.9./21/42039720L01.<170,:,<=145

Page 16 /

8.3. Schémas de principe

$ $

8.4. Appareils à associer :

=G 2:5=-23=027594<1.82.19,6=40!

,/.3320,9)2530=--.1457501]-.41.18=5.509)37-.8.50./7501]-.418.341..5<.18=5.5/.-)237-.8.50941,3.=4<=11=<<710J-=0.11..032:5=-.0740.@=233.9452?.=49)237-.8.50

@G ./C.1/C.949,6=40!

5:,5,1=0.419./741=5001;3@=33.61,B4.5/.E'SG.301.-2,9Q45.<=10J-=0.11.9Q=401.<=10J-Q459.3/7594/0.413=/0263941,3.=4J/7501]-.1

-6=20/21/4-.19=53-.9,6=4045/741=50B42<.40L01.9,0./0,.5402-23=504501=536718=0.41071.=337/2,J4562-01.3,-./026=//719,341/.00.61,B4.5/.

=1./C.1/C.<.40L01..66./04,.<=1453H30;8.87@2-.<710=@-./78<73,9Q45.<25/.=8<;1.8,012B4..09Q451,/.<0.413,-./026E'SG74<=13H30;8.62A.=4078=02B4./78<1.5=50341/C=B4.9,<=1045071.=337/2,J451,/.<0.413,-./026E'SG.923<732026.30-=37-40275<741C=187523.1-.328<,1=02639Q.A<-720=0275.0/.4A9.-=3,/4120,

Page 17 /

/G170./0275/7501.-.39,6=40384-02<-.3!

=<170./02759.3<.13755.3.30=-713=3341,.<=1-.3923<73202639.<170./0275/7501.-.3341250.5320,374<=19.332-.3-75:4.4139./@-.3750<-43:1=59.3B4./.--.3=407123,.3749=53-./=39.<123.3.0.11.84-02<-.3

9G170./0275/7501.-.33410.532753!

7501.-.3,-,?=027539.0.53275E=871K=:.9=53-.01=536718=0.41V/750=/0=//29.50.-=?./451,3.=49.0.53275<-43,-.?,.67491.341-.1,3.=4G.51=5/.-=5718.D''28<73.B4Q45-2820.419.3410.5327537202530=--,.501.-.<72505.401.9401=536718=0.41V.0-=0.11.E5G

8.5. Etude d’un défaut simple :

741@2.562A.1-.<70.502.-9Q451,3.=4.5<=11=<<710J-=0.11.2-.30/753.2--,9.<-=/.145.28<,9=5/.E$/0=''ΩG.501.-.5.401.9401=536718=0.41.0-=0.11.!/).30-.3/C,8=920J5.401.28<,9=50

741=509.<1.82.19,6=40!9N"V$/0=?./$/028<,9=5/.9.-2=23755.401.D<123.9.0.11.

9N'V''N'

/N8×9N"E328N'ΩG

=0.532759.9,6=40/711.3<759=50.1.30.6=2@-..05759=5:.1.43.-)2530=--=0275<.40L01.8=250.54..53.1?2/.750254.1-Q.A<-720=02753=539=5:.1.306710250,1.33=508=232-6=40!D3=?721B4Q2-H=459,6=40D-.1./C.1/C.11=<29.8.50.0-Q,-2825.1/./2=?=50B4Q459.4A2;8.9,6=405.341?2.55.

8.6. Etude d’un défaut double :

245<1.82.19,6=405Q=<4L01.,-2825,=?=50B4Q.5=<<=1=233.459.4A2;8.=66./0=5045=401./7594/0.41=/02634145=401./21/420753.0174?..5<1,3.5/.9Q459,6=40974@-..4A/=3<.4?.503.<1,3.50.13.-75B4.-.38=33.39.-Q2530=--=0275372.50745751.-2,.3J-=8L8.<123.9.0.11.

=G=33.39Q402-23=0275575250.1/755./0,.3

./=39.62:41.3.1.5/7501.-713B4.9=5345.2530=--=0275-Q750174?.<-432.413<123.39.0.11.5751.-2,.3.501..--.3<=145.-2=2375,B42<70.502.--.

Page 18 /

.-75B4.-.39,6=403=66./0.509.4A<C=3.3E0.53275/78<73,.G74<C=3..05.401.E0.53275328<-."G-./741=509.9,6=409B423.1.6.18.<=1-.3<123.39.0.11.402-23=02758.08=41=<741?=-.419=53-./=37 -.39.4A9,6=403375061=5/3E9N'Ω.09N'ΩG!

=G=33.39Q402-23=0275250.1/755./0,.3

713B4.0740.3-.38=33.39.-Q2530=--=02753750250.1/755./0,.3J-=8L8.<123.9.0.11.459,6=40974@-.=66./0=509.3/7594/0.413=/02639266,1.5033.01=536718..5/7410D/21/420@2<C=3,74<C=3.D5.401.

=<170./02759.3<.13755.3.30=-713=3341,.<=1-.3923<73202639.<170./0275/7501.-.3341250.5320,374<=19.332-.3-75:4.4139./@-.3750<-43:1=59.3B4./.--.3=407123,.3

8.7. Domaine d’application

.5.401.237-,.30-=37-40275=3341=50-=8.2--.41./75025420,9.3.1?2/..5.A<-720=0275741/.00.1=2375750174?.1=/.9=53-.3C]<20=4AE.5<=102/4-2.19=53-.33=--.39g7<,1=02753G-.31,3.=4A,-./012B4.39.3<230.39)=,17<7109=53-.3825.3.0-.3-7/=4A7 2-.A230.9.3123B4.39)25/.592.749).A<-73275341-.3@=0.=4A.09=530740.3-.325943012.37 45=11L09.675/02755.8.503.1=20/7I0.4A749=5:.1.4A

A.8<-.39.3204=027537 -.1,:28..307@-2:=0721.!@-7/7<,1=0721.?.11.12.54/-,=21.288.4@-.9.:1=59.C=40.41

9. Régime TN

9.1. Définition

.5.401.9401=536718=0.41.301.-2,J-=0.11..38=33.38,0=--2B4.337501.-2,.3=4.401.<=1-Q250.18,92=21.94

Page 19 /

9.2. Principe de la protection

741-.1,:28.9.5.401.-=/1,=02759Q459,6=409Q237-.8.50=452?.=49Q451,/.<0.41<.40L01.=33282-,J45.-2=2375.501.45.<C=3..0-.5.401.E/7410D/21/420G

9.3. Schémas de principe

-.A230..56=209.4A3/C,8=39Q2530=--=0275<7332@-.3!-.33/C,8=3.0

! !

./7594/0.41B423.109.5.401..09.<170./02753Q=<<.--.-.PEN./7594/0.415.401.941,/.<0.41.30/755./0,=4/7594/0.419.<170./0275.B42<.18.09.5Q402-23.1B4Q45923<7320269.<170./0275012<7-=21.E=4-2.49Q450,01=<7-=21.<741-=<123..5/78<0.945.401.G

59,6=4061=5/=452?.=4941,/.<0.41,B42?=40J-=/1,=02759Q45/7410D/21/420.501.-=<C=3..0-.5.401.

.3/C,8=.30-.3/C,8=9Q2530=--=0275B423.1=074>74131./C.1/C, 9,6=409.<74?721402-23.1-.3/C,8=75402-23.1=-.3/C,8=9Q2530=--=0275E9750-./7I0.30<-43,-.?,G

Q402-23=02759./.3/C,8=5Q.30=407123,.B4.341-.3/7594/0.4139.3./027534<,12.41.J!D'88_<741-.3/7594/0.413.5/42?1.D 88_<741-.3/7594/0.413.5=-4825248

.923<7320269.<170./02759720/78<710.145<]-.<741-=/74<41.94/7594/0.415.401.E=<<=1.2-0,01=<7-=21.G

59,6=4061=5/=452?.=4941,/.<0.41,B42?=40J-=/1,=02759Q45/7410D/21/420.501.-=<C=3..0-.5.401.

.3/C,8=.30J402-23.19=53-.3/=37 -.3/C,8=5.<.40/75?.521/Q.30DJD921.!

-713B4.-=3./02759.3/7594/0.413.30TJ'88_<741-./42?1.

-713B4.-=3./02759.3/7594/0.413.30TJ 88_<741-Q=-4825248

-713B4Q45.-75:4.419./@-.3017<28<710=50.6=20@=233.1-=?=-.4194/741=509./7410D/21/420.0<=1/753,B4.50-.0.8<39.9,/-.5/C.8.5094923<7320269.<170./0275

9.4. Appareils à associer

.3<170./02753J=337/2.137509.3=<<=1.2-39.<170./0275/7501.-.3/74103/21/42030H<.923>75/0.413<741-.32530=--=027539750-.3-2=237533750/7410.3

741-.32530=--=02753J-2=23753-75:4.345.<170./02759266,1.502.--.3.1,?;-.25923<.53=@-.3

9.5. Vérification de la protection

5<1,3.5/.9)459,6=409)237-.8.50-./741=509.9,6=4095).30-2820,B4.<=1-)28<,9=5/.9.3/@-.39.-=@74/-.9.9,6=40!

Page 20 /

9N7VE<CW9WG

741459,<=10.09;3B4.9N '!

9N'&7VE<CWG

5.66.0-7139Q45/7410D/21/4202-.30=9823B4.-.328<,9=5/.3.5=8750949,<=10/75329,1,<17?7B4.5045./C40.9.0.532759.-Q7191.9.'Y341-=0.53275328<-.7B42.30-=0.5327557825=-..501.<C=3..00.11.9)7 -./7.662/2.509.'&

9259420975/45.0.532759.9,6=40<=11=<<710J-=0.11.!

9N×93720!9N'&7×VE<CWG

741-.31,3.=4A'V''"/.00.0.532759.-)7191.9.7VE32N<CG.309=5:.1.43./=134<,12.41.J-=0.53275-2820.9.3,/4120,8L8..582-2.43./EN'"G-.30=-7135,/.33=21.9)=3341.145.823.C7130.53275=4078=02B4..0288,92=0.9.-)2530=--=0275749.-=<=102.9.-)2530=--=0275

9.6. Conditions d’utilisation

.9,6=409)237-.8.50,0=503282-=21.J45/7410D/21/420<C=3.D5.401.-=/74<41..301,=-23,.<=1-.23<7320269.170./0275/7501.-.374103D21/4203DD=?./450.8<38=A28=-9./74<41.3<,/262,675/02759.!

741B4.-=<170./0275=3341.@2.53=675/02752-6=40=U99)7 -).A<1.332759.8=A-75:4.418=A28=-.=407123,.<=1-=<170./0275=H=50<7413.42-=!

8=A!-75:4.418=A28=-..58*7!0.53275328<-.'"<741451,3.=4012<C=3,''"*ρ!1,32302?20,J-=0.8<,1=041.9.675/02755.8.505718=-*=!/741=509./74<41.=4078=02B4.!D<74145923>75/0.41=N8E8/741=509.675/02755.8.50949,/-.5/C.418=:5,02B4.74/7410D1.0=19GD<741456432@-./741=500.-B4.-.0.8<3070=-9./74<41.946432@-.E0.8<39.<1,=1/W0.8<39)=1/G3720/756718.J-=5718.

2-=-2:5..309Q45.-75:4.4134<,12.41.J8=A2-6=403720928254.1=3720=4:8.50.137208.001..57.4?1.4523<732026266,1.502.-,3294.-EG

Page 21 /

5.2530=--=0275.30,/75782B4.E570=88.50G8=2397209Q=@719L01./=-/4-,.=?=509QL01.2530=--,.<423?,1262,.

10.Utilisation de la Très Basse Tension TBT

11.Choix d’un schéma de liaison à la terre

Page 22 /

12.Liens utiles ! " " " " # $ $ " " % % & & ' ( ) * # + &' ( ! ) * + + , , , % + * - . - % / * * 0 . 1 . 2 - 3 4 + + 3 . 1 - 3 5 6 &7