Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET::some hypothesis to improve their effectivenesssome hypothesis to improve their effectiveness

Ginevra BeniniGinevra Benini Isfol - Istituto per lo Sviluppo della Formazione Professionale dei LavoratoriIsfol - Istituto per lo Sviluppo della Formazione Professionale dei Lavoratori

INTERNSHIP AND TRAINEESHIP FOR STUDENTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE:INTERNSHIP AND TRAINEESHIP FOR STUDENTS AND YOUNG PEOPLE: Training, School-To-Work Transition or Exploitation? Training, School-To-Work Transition or Exploitation?

IV edition IV edition Bergamo (Italy), 25-26 October 2013 Bergamo (Italy), 25-26 October 2013

Piazzale Sant’Agostino n. 2 - Via PignoloPiazzale Sant’Agostino n. 2 - Via Pignolo 123 123

ISTITUTO PER LO SVILUPPO DELLA FORMAZIONE PROFESSIONALE DEI LAVORATORI

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The frame:The frame:

76%

24%

Neet su Popolazione Italia 15-29 - Anno 2012

76%

24%

Graf.1 – Italian NEET rate over It. population 15-29 - Year 2012

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The frame:The frame:

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The frame:The frame:

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The frame:The frame:

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The frame:The frame:

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The frameThe frame:: Graf. 6 – High school graduates in Italy and field of study - 2012/13 – 2011/12 Graf. 6 – High school graduates in Italy and field of study - 2012/13 – 2011/12

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The frame:The frame:Numbers Numbers

More than More than 2 million and 250 2 million and 250 Italian Italian NEETNEET in 2012; in 2012;

The highest value in Europe after Greece; The highest value in Europe after Greece;

More than 1 More than 1 NEETNEET out of 2 is out of 2 is female;female;

Unemployment rate, Age 15-29, Year 2012Unemployment rate, Age 15-29, Year 2012::

Italy Italy → 25,2% 25,2% → II Trim. 2013 II Trim. 2013 →28%28%

South of Italy South of Italy ►► 37,3 37,3 ►► II Trim. 2013 II Trim. 2013 ►► 42%42%

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

Numbers:Numbers: The highest unemployment rate, Age 15.29 in 2012:The highest unemployment rate, Age 15.29 in 2012:

Sicily: 41,7% Sicily: 41,7% → Caltanisetta Province: 52,2% → Catania Province: 37,7;

Calabria: 40,3%Calabria: 40,3% → Crotone Province: 51,4% → Reggio Calabria: 36,3%;

Campania: 40% Campania: 40% → Napoli: 44,6% → Caserta: 31,3%

The highest The highest NEETNEET rate: rate:

Sicily: 38%Sicily: 38%

Calabria: 34%Calabria: 34%

Campania: 31%Campania: 31%

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

Educational qualification of It. Southern Educational qualification of It. Southern NEET NEET ::

47% 47% → high school diploma; high school diploma;

44% 44% → junior high school diploma;

9 % 9 % → university degree

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

High demographic densityHigh demographic density of young of young people 15-29 in 2012:people 15-29 in 2012:

Nearly 20% in the South (especially in Nearly 20% in the South (especially in Campania region);Campania region);

Italy: 15% Italy: 15%

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The frame:The frame:Money: Money:

€ € 168mm168mm (Law n. 99, 9(Law n. 99, 9th th of August 2013, Art. 3, s. 1, l. c) of August 2013, Art. 3, s. 1, l. c) → € € 56mm56mm for 3013 for 3013 → € € 16mm16mm for 2014 (launch of Youth Guarantee) for 2014 (launch of Youth Guarantee) → €€ 96mm for 2015for 2015 → → to to finance internships for Southern finance internships for Southern NEET NEET through through ESFESF (European Social Fund), (European Social Fund), following the latest directives for the South of Italy in the National following the latest directives for the South of Italy in the National Cohesion Cohesion Action Plan Action Plan ((www.coesioneterritoriale.gov.it/fondi/piano-di-azione-coesione/ - www.opencoesione.gov.it/pac/);

The resources must be distributed amongst the 8 Italian Southern regions The resources must be distributed amongst the 8 Italian Southern regions (Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Calabria, Sicilia, Sardegna) (Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Calabria, Sicilia, Sardegna)

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The Map:The Map:

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETPaid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEET

The frame:The frame: 4 4 Southern regionsSouthern regions out of 8 are inside the so called out of 8 are inside the so called

““Convergence ObjectiveConvergence Objective”, where the ERDF (European ”, where the ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) and the ESF (European Regional Development Fund) and the ESF (European Social Fund) finance big projects in territories with the Social Fund) finance big projects in territories with the GDP lower than 75% of the EU average;GDP lower than 75% of the EU average;

The regions are Campania, Apulia, Calabria and Sicily;The regions are Campania, Apulia, Calabria and Sicily;

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The frame:The frame: Beneficiaries of ongoing regional and national projects financing Beneficiaries of ongoing regional and national projects financing

interniships in the South of Italy:interniships in the South of Italy:

48% 48% → young people 18-29 with only a junior high school diploma; young people 18-29 with only a junior high school diploma;

5% 5% → graduates with a non-competitive degree;graduates with a non-competitive degree;

7% 7% →high school graduates (only regional projects)

Monthly average scolarship gros amount: €€ 528 (including tutorship);

Average internship duration: 6 months

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The pointThe point ::

There are very few ALMP projects to There are very few ALMP projects to finance internships for finance internships for NEETNEET high school high school graduates in the South of Italy: the graduates in the South of Italy: the target, even if so numerous (47% out of target, even if so numerous (47% out of 2mm 254 yp), is very poorly covered 2mm 254 yp), is very poorly covered

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

How to built a protocol of intervention:How to built a protocol of intervention:

Target : high school graduates from general education (scientific and Target : high school graduates from general education (scientific and classical Liceum);classical Liceum);

Where: in the new enterprises located in most populated southern Where: in the new enterprises located in most populated southern provinces with the highest unemployment rate;provinces with the highest unemployment rate;

Task force : local Employment services, Municipalities, Chamber of Task force : local Employment services, Municipalities, Chamber of Commerce, Local Education Authorities, local stake holders (social Commerce, Local Education Authorities, local stake holders (social associations, etc), in service qualified national experts, etc;associations, etc), in service qualified national experts, etc;

Efficient multitasking user friendly data bank.Efficient multitasking user friendly data bank.

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

How to built a protocol of intervention:How to built a protocol of intervention:

A rich and exaustive module describing the internship training A rich and exaustive module describing the internship training project doesn’t make the quality of the internship and his main project doesn’t make the quality of the internship and his main fucntion as a tool to improve the individual capacity building of fucntion as a tool to improve the individual capacity building of Italian Southern Italian Southern NEETNEET;;

The contribution of the “in service” qualified national/local experts The contribution of the “in service” qualified national/local experts as tutor/facilitator will be essential to improve the positive effect of as tutor/facilitator will be essential to improve the positive effect of the measures;the measures;

without a proactive service attitude to cover this aspect, the without a proactive service attitude to cover this aspect, the effectivness of this effectivness of this NEETNEET measure will be probably miserable measure will be probably miserable

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

Where interns can go:Where interns can go: The regional southern enterprises picture frame:The regional southern enterprises picture frame:

Little but contstant positive balance of new enterprises in the II Little but contstant positive balance of new enterprises in the II trimester of 2013 in the majority of Southern provinces;trimester of 2013 in the majority of Southern provinces;

Worsening of the insolvency phenomenon in the whole countryWorsening of the insolvency phenomenon in the whole country

The best performing Region: Basilicata;The best performing Region: Basilicata;

The best performing Provinces: Palermo, Siracusa (Sicily), The best performing Provinces: Palermo, Siracusa (Sicily), Potenza (Basilicata)Potenza (Basilicata)

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

Where interns can go:Where interns can go:

Social associacions/services at local level;Social associacions/services at local level;

Cultural private /public services services Cultural private /public services services (also in connection with newly launched (also in connection with newly launched Fund “1000 young people for culture”)Fund “1000 young people for culture”)

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The proposal “dilemma”The proposal “dilemma”

To destiny the new national funds for paid internship in favour of To destiny the new national funds for paid internship in favour of Italian Southern Italian Southern NEET NEET with a “Liceum” high school diplomawith a “Liceum” high school diploma could could create a moltiplicative effect, pushing the “left behind” (with only create a moltiplicative effect, pushing the “left behind” (with only the compulsory schooling) to improve their educational standards,the compulsory schooling) to improve their educational standards,

or or could be only a vanishing drop of water, a social lottery, giving an could be only a vanishing drop of water, a social lottery, giving an

opportunity to trainers and tutors more than to final recipients? opportunity to trainers and tutors more than to final recipients? Maybe not, if the “facilitators” work with a proactive service Maybe not, if the “facilitators” work with a proactive service attitude attitude

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETNEET

The “alternative” proposal.The “alternative” proposal.

The new actual amount available in the State budget of The new actual amount available in the State budget of € € 168mm168mm could could be invested to cover be invested to cover 60%60% of of 84,00084,000 southern southern NEET NEET universityuniversity graduatesgraduates in order to valorise in the area young qualified h.r., avoiding the ongoing in order to valorise in the area young qualified h.r., avoiding the ongoing massive phenomenon of brain escape?massive phenomenon of brain escape?

The dilemma is not easy to solve: today I choose the The dilemma is not easy to solve: today I choose the high school high school graduate graduate NEET NEET with low technical qualification, which are in a more with low technical qualification, which are in a more risky social situation, non prepared enough to find an alternative risky social situation, non prepared enough to find an alternative outside the country.outside the country.

Paid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEETPaid internships as ALMP for Italian Southern NEET

Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention g.benini@isfol.it

ISTITUTO PER LO SVILUPPO DELLA FORMAZIONE PROFESSIONALE

DEI LAVORATORI