KEMAHIRAN MENULIS ABSTRAK DAN CITATION

INDEKS

Satu panduan tersusun isi kandungan intelektual dan lokasi fizikal rekod-rekod pengetahuan..Definasi:

Indeks-indeks yang bersistematik membawa kita kepada maklumat yang tersedia apabila sahaja diperlukan.Indeks merupakan satu petunjuk / panduan, tetapi tidak membekalkan maklumat. Indeks menggunakan satu tanda / petunjuk.

Pendekatan mengkategorikan indeks boleh dibuat melalui beberapa cara:

1. Indeks kata dan nama 2. Indeks buku 3. Indeks periodikal 4. Indeks sistem simpanan dan dapatan

ABSTRAK

Pengabstrakan, seperti pengkelasan dan pengikdeksan ialah satu tatacara bagi mewakili isi kandungan bahn ilmu pengetahuan agar dapat memandu pengguna kepada maklumat yang bersesuaian.

Definasi:

Absraks ialah suatu karangan yang meringkaskan isi kandungan penting bahan dari suatu penulisan. Abstraks ditulis mengikut gaya seseorang penulis tanpa mengubah maklumat asal isi kandungan sesuatu penulisan.

Abstrak meringkaskan isi kandungan sesuatu bahanIa adalah pengganti sebenar sesuatu dokumen.Abstrak cuba menjelaskan keadaan sesuatu maklumat

ABSTRAK DAN KEGUNAANNYADapat mencari banyak lebih bahan dalam masa yang singkatDapat membantu mencari bahan yang lebih spesifikDapat membantu membuat keputusanMengatasi halangan bahasa (Kebanyakan abstrak diterjemahkan ke dalam bahsa InggerisAlat bantu kepada para pengindeks

Alat membantu mengikuti perkembangan semasa sesuatu bidang Alat bantu kepada para pengindeks

JENIS-JENIS BAHAN YANG DIABSTRAKKANJurnalDisertasiLaporan TeknikSpesifikasi patenMonograf dan BukuKertas Kerja Persidangan dan Simposium

JENIS ABSTRAKDiklasifikasikan kepada 3 jenis: Abstrak IndikatifAbstrak InformatifAbstrak Kritis

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGINDEKSAN, PENGABSTRAKAN DAN PENCARIAN DOKUMENINDEKSPENGGUNAABSTRAK ALAT PENCARIAN

Pengindeksan, pengabstrakan dan pencarian tidak wujud secara bersendirian, tetapi ia berhubung kait antara satu sama lain untuk membentuk asas kepada sebuah sistem dapatan kembali maklumat.

CITATION

GAYA DOKUMENTASITurabianHarvardChicagoAmerican Psychological Associations (APA)Modern Language Associations (MLA)

PANDUAN MENULIS CITATIONMENGIKUT KAEDAH: AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIONS (APA)

BENTUK CITATION

BAHAN BERCETAK(PRINTED MATERIAL)

BUKUTiada Pengarang

A world of strangers : Order and action in urban public space. (1999). 2nd.ed. New York : Basic Books.

BUKUSeorang Pengarang

Lofland, L. (1999). A world of strangers : Order and action in urban public space. New York : Basic Books.

Lofland, L. (1999). A world of strangers : Order and action in urban public space. New York : Basic Books.

Nama PengarangTahunJudul BukuTempat bahan diterbitkan danNama Penerbit

BUKUDua Orang Pengarang

Lofland, L. & Taylor, I. (1999). The new criminology : For a social theory of deviance. New York : Harper & Row.

BUKUTiga Orang Pengarang

Lofland,L., Young, J. & Taylor, I. (1999). The new criminology : For a social theory of deviance. New York : Harper & Row.

BUKULebih dari Tiga Orang Pengarang

Lofland,L., et.al (1999). The new criminology : For a social theory of deviance. New York : Harper & Row.

BUKUBuku Terjemahan

Rank. O. (1932). Psychology and the soul (William Turner, Trans.) Philadelphia: Univ. of Pennsylavania Press.

BUKUBuku dikarang oleh Badan KorporatCommission on intergovernment relations (1955). Report to the President. Washington, DC:Author.

Committee of public finance. (1999). Public finance. New York: Pitman.

BUKUBuku Yang Disunting

Friedman, R.J., & Katz, M.M.(Eds.) (1974). The psychology of depression: Contemporary theory and research. New York: Wiley.

BUKUManuskrip yang tidak diterbitkan

Hardison, R. (1983). On the shoulders of giants. Unpublished manuscript.

Artikel Dari MajalahKlinger, E. (2000, August). The power of daydreams. Psychology Today. 36-44.

Shuttle crew studying ozone layer in atmosphere. (2000, April). Time. 34.

Artikel Dari AkhbarMore jobs waiting for college grads. (1999, June). Detroit Free Press : 6.

Mohammed Azam Noor. (1999, 3 July). Why Ziana Zain as literary person for 1998? New Straits Times : 25.

Subramaniam, S. (1999, 11 September). Toll as alternative revenue. (Editorial). Sunday Star :7.

Poh, Kah Lim. (20 June 2000), Advantages of developing Putrajaya (Special Edition). The Star : 12.

Artikel Dari JurnalHerrington, A.J. (1998). The prototype as a construct in abnormal psychology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 575-585.

Hoven, Jon Van. (2000, Winter). Key trends in database management system. Information System Managemant Journal. 17(1), 89-91

Herrington, A.J. (1998). The prototype as a construct in abnormal psychology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 575-585.

Hoven, Jon Van. (2000, Winter). Key trends in database management system. Information System Managemant Journal. 17(1), 89-91VolumeMuka suratIssues

Buku /Bahan RujukanWebsters Third International Dictionary. (1998). 16th.ed. New York : Penquin.

Russia. (1994). In The New Encylopaedia Britannica. (Vol. 10, pp. 252-255). Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica.

ThesisFadilah Kamsah (2000). Kesedaran IT di kalangan kakitangan awam : satu tinjauan. Unpublished thesis. UiTM : Fakulti Pengajian Maklumat.

Doctoral DissertationSmith A.B. (1999). Analysis of interaction process and sociometric relations developed during theraphy with offenders on probation. Unpublished doctoral dissertations. New York : New York University.

Seminar/ProceedingAli Hanafiah, Datuk & Tun Shah Ashari. (12-17 August 1999). The effects of DNA testing on convicted felons in Malaysia. In Proceeding of the International Seminar on DNA Testing and Their Effects on Human Beings. Kuala Lumpur.

Seminar/ProceedingHarris, D., & Nelson-Heern. L. (Eds.). (1981). Proceedings of NECC 1981: National Education Computing Conference. Iowa City: Weeg Computing Centre, University of Iowa.

Kertas Kerja PersidanganSheehan, W.J. (1999, April). Wicked as hell itself : women in prisons of Georgian London. In The meeting of the Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences. U.K. : Georgia.

LaporanOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development. (1983). Assessing the impacts of technology on society. (Report). Washington DC: U.S.G.P.O.

BAHAN BUKAN CETAK

KASET AUDIOKenny, G. (producer & singer). (1996). Kenny G the moment [cassette]. New York : Arista Records, Inc.

FILEM/ PITA AUDIOHabsah Hassan (producer) & Othman Hafsham (director). (2000). Soal Hati [Film]. Kuala Lumpur : Serangkai Film Sdn. Bhd.

Capra, F. (Director & Producer). (1934). It happened one night [Film].

Capra, F. (Director & Producer). (1999). It happened one night [Videocassette].

BAHAN PERMAINANChess Set (1999). [Game] Selangor, Malaysia : Syarikat Perusahaan Plastik Ban Tong Sdn. Bhd.

PETADerbysgire, E. et al. (2000). Glacier map of Tasmania. [Map]. London : Royal Geographical Society.

GAMBAR/POTRETRembrabdt. (1999). Two dancers on a stage. [Portraits]. London : National Gallery of Art.

BAHAN RELIAHuman development models. (2000). [Realia]. Philadelphia : DCA Educational Products.

MIKROFOMJames, William. (2000). The principles of psychology. [Microform]. 2nd. Ed. Los Angeles : University of Southern California.

TEMURAMAHMahathir Mohamed (1999, April 20). Prime Minister Malaysia. Personal Interview. Kuala Lumpur.

Iacocca, Lee. (2000 6 May). Interviewed by John Smith. Toronto : University of Toronto Press.

PROGRAM TELEVISYENThe haze in Malaysia: impact on tourism. (2000 Disember). Majallah 3. With Norazlina Ridzwan. TV3. Damansara, Selangor: Sistem Televisyen Malaysia Berhad.

BAHAN SUMBER ELEKTRONIK

Alat Mudahalih CD-ROM. Eg : BPO,GPO, IEEEMarwick, Charles D. (1996, February). New telecommunication relay services, other communication advances, will aid disabled persons. Journal of the American Medical association (JAMA). 115-123 CD-ROM. GPO. # 96-12877-4.

Online INTERNET, CLS., NSTP-Online,etcClinton, J.E. (1999 September). Malaysian justice on trial. E. Journal. 4(4) :12-15. Retrieved October 21 2000, from the World Wide Web: http://www@babyrib.clnt.gov.com.

Online INTERNET, CLS., NSTP-Online,etcIsmail Zain. Pengorbanan ke arah kejayaan. Retrieved Sept. 10, 2001, from the World Wide Web: http://motivasiutusan.4mg.com/korban.html.

(E-mail)

Day, Martha. Mday@usage.uvm.edu. (30 July 1999). Review of film---Chicken Run. E-mail to Xia Li (XLI@moose.com).

TERIMA KASIH 7THANK YOU8