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Today:Park Ch. 1

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What is Anthropology all about?

Anthropology is the holistic, scientific studyof humankind

concerned with studying all aspects of

humankindSince human biology and culture are

intertwined, anthropology embraces aHOLISTIC perspective

Biology affects culture (perception of color, matechoice, resistance to disease)

Culture affects biology (height of children of

immigrants at beginning of 20th

century, obesity)

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Four Subfields of Anthropology

1) Archaeology

2) Biological Anthropology3) Cultural anthropology

4) Linguistic anthropology

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Archaeology cont.

Material remains (artifacts) can include: Tools

Pottery

Features (hearths, enclosures, etc.)

Usually (but not always) deals with Prehistoricgroups

Ultimate goal of archaeologists is to

reconstruct lifeways of those they arestudying Artifacts are the windows into the past lifeways

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2) Biological Anthropology

Also called Physical Anthropology

Study humans as a biological species

Examples include: Human evolution (Paleoanthropology)

Skeletal Biology

Modern human variation Primatology

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Modern Human Biological

Variation Homo sapiens is a single species, yet we differ

from one another

Skin color, body proportions, body shape

Skeletally & Dentally

Genetically

Blood types

Fingerprints (dermatoglyphics)

Physical anthropologists quantify and explain

these differences

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Skeletal Biology

Modern and ancient skeletons Sex

Race

Age

Stature

Pathology

Trauma

Diet

Structure and composition of bones Histology

Bone Chemistry

DNA

Aids from knowledge of human variation, but also adds

to knowledge of human variation

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3) Cultural Anthropology

The study of culture, and how humansinteract within their culture(s)

Culture as characteristic trait of our species

Cultural anthropologists study thesocially-learned standards which guide

behavior How are they made?

How do they vary?

How and why do they change?

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4) Linguistic Anthropology

The study of language

Most linguistic anthropologists are interested inmodern human language

Subfield of anthropology, but could beconsidered a subfield of Cultural

Anthropology Language as a human characteristic

Describes characteristics of language, andstudies relationship between languages andthe cultures that speak them

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Linguistic Anthropology

Language allows humans to preserve andtransmit information and culture fromgeneration to generation

Contributes to study of human past byworking out genealogical relationships amonglanguages and examining their distributions

Complements work of physical

anthropologists studying biological populationrelationships

Language has a huge influence on cultureand behavior, and vice versa

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5) Applied Anthropology

About half of all professionalanthropologists are applied, orpracticing, anthropologists.

Applied anthropologists may betrained in one or more of the subfieldsof anthropology.

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The Hutterites

Archaeology

Could go to abandoned Bruderhof andexcavate

Analyze material culture left behind

Linguistic Anthropology

Analyze syntax, structure, pattern of language

Study relationship to both English andGerman languages

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Read for next class

Park, Chapters 2PBL 2