Part IPart I I. An Outline of 20th-century English FictionI. An Outline of 20th-century English Fiction

--From the Beginning of 20--From the Beginning of 20thth Century to 1945 Century to 1945

--From 1945 to 1960s--From 1945 to 1960s

--From 1970s to the Present--From 1970s to the Present

II. Influential Novelists from the Beginning of II. Influential Novelists from the Beginning of 20th Century to 194520th Century to 1945

Winners of Nobel Prize for Literature Winners of Nobel Prize for Literature in UKin UK

英国：英国： 1313 人（包括英联邦王国）人（包括英联邦王国） --1907--1907 年 年 约瑟夫·鲁德亚德·吉卜林（（ Rudyard Kipling，， 186186

55 ～～ 19361936 ）英国小说家、诗人。）英国小说家、诗人。 --1923--1923 年 威廉年 威廉 ··勃特勒勃特勒 ··叶芝（（ William Butler Yeats，， 186186

55 ～～ 19391939 ）爱尔兰诗人、剧作家）爱尔兰诗人、剧作家 (1949(1949 年成为共和国年成为共和国 )) --1925--1925 年 年 乔治·萧伯纳（（ George Bernard Shaw，， 18561856 ～～

19501950 ））爱尔兰戏剧家。家。 (1949(1949 年成为共和国年成为共和国 )) --1932--1932 年 年 约翰·高尔斯华绥（（ John Galsworthy，， 18671867 ～～

19331933 ）英国小说家、剧作家。）英国小说家、剧作家。 --1948--1948 年 年 托马斯·斯特恩斯·艾略特（（ T.S. Eliot，， 18881888 ～～

19651965 ）英美诗人、剧作家、批评家。）英美诗人、剧作家、批评家。 --1950--1950 年 亚瑟年 亚瑟 ··威廉威廉 ··罗素（（ Bertrand Russell，， 18721872 ～～

19701970 ）英国数学家、哲学家。）英国数学家、哲学家。 --1953--1953 年 年 温斯顿·丘吉尔（（ Winston Churchill，， 18741874 ～～

19651965 ）英国政治家、历史学家、传记作家。）英国政治家、历史学家、传记作家。

--1973--1973 年 年 帕特里克·怀特（（ Patrick White，， 19121912 ～～ 19901990 ））澳大利亚小说家、剧作家。（英联邦王国）小说家、剧作家。（英联邦王国）

--1981--1981 年 年 埃利亚斯·卡内蒂（（ Elias Canetti，， 19051905 ～～ 19941994 ）英国）英国德语作家。德语作家。

--1983--1983 年 年 威廉·戈尔丁（（ William Golding，， 19111911 ～～ 19941994 ）英国）英国作家，小说家。作家，小说家。

----20012001 年 年 维·苏·奈保尔（（ V. S. NaipaulV. S. Naipaul ，， 19321932 ～）印度裔英国作～）印度裔英国作家，小说家。家，小说家。

--2005--2005 年 哈罗德年 哈罗德 ·· 品特（品特（ Harold PinterHarold Pinter ，， 1930~20081930~2008 ），犹太人），犹太人 ,,英国剧作家英国剧作家

--2007--2007 年 多丽丝年 多丽丝 ·· 莱辛（莱辛（ Doris LessingDoris Lessing ，， 1919— 1919— ），英国女作），英国女作家，小说家家，小说家

英联邦：英联邦： --1991--1991 年 内丁年 内丁 ·· 戈迪默（女）（戈迪默（女）（ Nadine GordimerNadine Gordimer ，， 19231923 ～）南～）南

非作家。非作家。 (1961(1961 年，全民公决成为共和国年，全民公决成为共和国 )) --2003--2003 年 库切（年 库切（ J. M. CoetzeeJ. M. Coetzee ，， 19401940 ～）南非作家。～）南非作家。 (1961(1961 年，年，

全民公决成为共和国全民公决成为共和国 ))

I. From the Beginning of 20I. From the Beginning of 20thth century to century to 19451945

1.1 Realist Fiction1.1 Realist Fiction Henry James (1843-1916)Henry James (1843-1916) Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936): Imperial spiritRudyard Kipling (1865-1936): Imperial spirit H. G. Wells (1866-1946): Science Fiction writerH. G. Wells (1866-1946): Science Fiction writer John Galsworthy (1867-1933): Critical realismJohn Galsworthy (1867-1933): Critical realism Arnold Bennet (1867-1931): Naturalist NovelistArnold Bennet (1867-1931): Naturalist Novelist

1.2 Modernist Fiction1.2 Modernist Fiction Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) E.M. Forster (1879-1870)E.M. Forster (1879-1870) D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930)D.H. Lawrence (1885-1930) James Joyce (1882-1941)James Joyce (1882-1941) Virginia Woolf (1883-1941) Virginia Woolf (1883-1941)

II. From 1945 to 1960sII. From 1945 to 1960s Realist FictionRealist Fiction George Orwell (1903-1950): Political FablesGeorge Orwell (1903-1950): Political Fables Graham Greene (1904-1991): Conflicts between Graham Greene (1904-1991): Conflicts between religion and humanityreligion and humanity William Golding (1911-1993): Exploration of William Golding (1911-1993): Exploration of human evilshuman evils

III. From the 1970s to the Present III. From the 1970s to the Present

3.1 3.1 PPostmodern fictionostmodern fiction

John Fowles (1926-2005): fusion of story and John Fowles (1926-2005): fusion of story and

experimentation)experimentation)

3.2 Campus fiction3.2 Campus fiction Kingsley Amis (1922-1995): Representative of Kingsley Amis (1922-1995): Representative of “ “The Angry Young Men”The Angry Young Men” David LodgeDavid Lodge (1935-): theory and creation (1935-): theory and creation

3. 3 Feminist fiction3. 3 Feminist fiction Doris Lessing Doris Lessing (1919-): social realism and (1919-): social realism and feminism, Nobel Prize for Literature Winner feminism, Nobel Prize for Literature Winner in 2007.in 2007. Iris Murdoch (1919-1999): Cool intelligence and Iris Murdoch (1919-1999): Cool intelligence and warm feelings.warm feelings. A.S. Byatt (1936-), Booker Prize Winner.A.S. Byatt (1936-), Booker Prize Winner. Magaret Drabble (1939-) Magaret Drabble (1939-) Angela Carter Angela Carter (1940-1993)(1940-1993)

3.4 New style novelists (New Star)3.4 New style novelists (New Star) Martin Amis Martin Amis (1949-)(1949-) Graham Swift (1949-)Graham Swift (1949-) 3.5 Post colonial fiction3.5 Post colonial fiction Salman Rushdie Salman Rushdie (1947-) (1947-) V.S. Naipaul (1932-) V.S. Naipaul (1932-)

3.6 Other influential British novelists3.6 Other influential British novelists ----Anita Brookner Anita Brookner (1928-): female, Booker Prize (1928-): female, Booker Prize

Winner in 1984;Winner in 1984; --Ian McEwan--Ian McEwan (1948-): Booker Prize Winner in (1948-): Booker Prize Winner in

1998;1998; --Julian Barnes --Julian Barnes (1946-): Booker Prize Best Novel (1946-): Booker Prize Best Novel

Nominee in 1984,1998, 2005;Nominee in 1984,1998, 2005; ----Jeanette WintersoJeanette Winterson (1959-): female;n (1959-): female; --Howard Jacobson --Howard Jacobson (1942-):(1942-): Booker Prize Booker Prize

Winner in 2010;Winner in 2010; --Hilary Mantel --Hilary Mantel (1952- ): Booker Prize Winner in (1952- ): Booker Prize Winner in

2009;2009; --Tom McCarthy --Tom McCarthy (1969-): The Man Booker Prize (1969-): The Man Booker Prize

Best Novel Nominee in 2010. Best Novel Nominee in 2010.

----Pat Barker Pat Barker (1943 - ) female novelist, The Man (1943 - ) female novelist, The Man Booker Prize Best Novel winner (1995) Booker Prize Best Novel winner (1995) --Penelope Lively --Penelope Lively (1933 - ) The Man Booker (1933 - ) The Man Booker Prize Best Novel winner (1987), female novelist Prize Best Novel winner (1987), female novelist --Nicholas Evans (1950 - )--Nicholas Evans (1950 - )3.7 Australian novelists 3.7 Australian novelists Peter Carey Peter Carey ((1943-1943- ）） Booker Prize Winner in Booker Prize Winner in 1988,2001, Nominee many times.1988,2001, Nominee many times. Parrot and Olivier Parrot and Olivier in America in America (2010)(2010)3.8 3.8 Canadian novelistCanadian novelist: : Margaret Atwood Margaret Atwood (1939-) Booker Prize Winner in (1939-) Booker Prize Winner in 2000, Nominee many times;2000, Nominee many times;

Note: Requirement of Presentation:Note: Requirement of Presentation: plot plot summary, character analyses, theme, style, summary, character analyses, theme, style, narration, construction, narration, construction, literary criticism literary criticism (You can choose some of them).(You can choose some of them).

Part II: From the Beginning of 20Part II: From the Beginning of 20thth Century to 1945Century to 1945

Henry James (1843-1916)Henry James (1843-1916) Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936)Rudyard Kipling(1865-1936) E.M.Forster (1879-1970)E.M.Forster (1879-1970) Arnold Bennett (1867-1931)Arnold Bennett (1867-1931) *H.G.Wells *H.G.Wells (1866-1946)(1866-1946) John Galsworthy(1867-1933)John Galsworthy(1867-1933) D.H.Lawrence (1885-1930)D.H.Lawrence (1885-1930) James Joyce James Joyce (1882-1941)(1882-1941) *Virginia Woolf(1882-1941*Virginia Woolf(1882-1941))

1. Henry James (1843-1916): 1. Henry James (1843-1916): a forerunner of modernisma forerunner of modernism

His lifeHis life --He was born in New York City in 1843 He never --He was born in New York City in 1843 He never

married. married. --In 1911, he got honors degree from University of --In 1911, he got honors degree from University of

HarvardHarvard --In 1912, he received honorary doctorate in --In 1912, he received honorary doctorate in

literature from Oxford University.literature from Oxford University. --In 1915 he became an English citizen --In 1915 he became an English citizen --In 1916, he received the Order of Merit and died --In 1916, he received the Order of Merit and died

in this yearin this year

II. Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)II. Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)

2. Joseph Conrad (1857-1924 ，约瑟夫康拉德）

Tradition and experimentation A. Conrad’s lifeA. Conrad’s life --He was born in Poland --He was born in Poland （（ Polish Ukraine) in Polish Ukraine) in

1857, occupied by Russian at that time.1857, occupied by Russian at that time. --Both his parents died when he was seven, and --Both his parents died when he was seven, and

his uncle (mother’s brother) brought him up.his uncle (mother’s brother) brought him up. --He once worked as a sailor.--He once worked as a sailor. --In 1886 he became a British citizen and changed --In 1886 he became a British citizen and changed

his name from Teodor Josef Konrad Korzeniowaki his name from Teodor Josef Konrad Korzeniowaki to Joseph Conrad, the pen-name.to Joseph Conrad, the pen-name.

--In 1894 he retired and settled in England --In 1894 he retired and settled in England and devoted himself to writing. and devoted himself to writing.

--In 1895, he got married.--In 1895, he got married. --By the time of his death in 1924, he was --By the time of his death in 1924, he was

well established in the literary world as one well established in the literary world as one of the leading of the leading ModernistsModernists..

--One of his guiding beliefs--One of his guiding beliefs was that a man was that a man must always be faithful to his friends, his must always be faithful to his friends, his fellows and his employers. If there is no fellows and his employers. If there is no faithfulness between man and man, ruin is faithfulness between man and man, ruin is certain to follow.certain to follow.

--He was also a great master of English --He was also a great master of English prose. Conrad did not begin to learn English prose. Conrad did not begin to learn English until he was twenty-one years old.until he was twenty-one years old.

B. Conrad’s literary achievements B. Conrad’s literary achievements and major worksand major works

--He wrote 13 novels and some novellas --He wrote 13 novels and some novellas and short storiesand short stories

--The Nigger of the Narcissus--The Nigger of the Narcissus (1897): It (1897): It was his first novel of importance.was his first novel of importance.

--Lord Jim--Lord Jim (1900): It is one of his greatest (1900): It is one of his greatest novels.novels.

--Heart of Darkness --Heart of Darkness (1902): one of the best (1902): one of the best novels of the 20novels of the 20thth-century.-century.

Heart of DarknessHeart of Darkness Type of workType of work: Novella: Novella GenreGenre: symbolism, colonial : symbolism, colonial

literature, adventure tale, literature, adventure tale, frame story.frame story.

NarratorNarrator: two narrators: an : two narrators: an anonymous passenger on a anonymous passenger on a pleasure ship, who listens to pleasure ship, who listens to Marlow’s story and Marlow Marlow’s story and Marlow himself.himself.

Point of viewPoint of view: first-person, : first-person, plural, weplural, we

Heart of Heart of DarknessDarkness – TitleTitle– StoryStory

» Marlow Marlow (narrator)(narrator)

» Mr. Kurtz Mr. Kurtz (ivory (ivory trader) trader)

» Natives Natives (black)(black)

» Pilgrims Pilgrims (white)(white)

Main characterMain character: Marlow: Marlow Major conflictMajor conflict: between their images of : between their images of

themselves as “civilized” Europeans and the themselves as “civilized” Europeans and the temptation to abandon morality completely temptation to abandon morality completely once they leave the context of European once they leave the context of European society.society.

ThemesThemes: the hypocrisy of imperialism, : the hypocrisy of imperialism, madness as a result of imperialism, the madness as a result of imperialism, the absurdity of evil.absurdity of evil.

  C.C.  Conrad’s   Conrad’s Style Style 1. 1. He belonged to the category of realism, yet He belonged to the category of realism, yet

his realism was clothed with symbolism and his realism was clothed with symbolism and impressionism.impressionism.

2. 2. He broke the conventional time-codes and He broke the conventional time-codes and generally started his novel in the middle.generally started his novel in the middle.

3. 3. He used multi-narration. In this way, there He used multi-narration. In this way, there appeared to be several layers of visions about appeared to be several layers of visions about his creative world and the story could be seen his creative world and the story could be seen from many different angles.from many different angles.

D: His Contributions D: His Contributions --He bridged the gap between the great Victorian --He bridged the gap between the great Victorian

writers and the modern writers through his pursuit writers and the modern writers through his pursuit of the perfection of style and innovation of the of the perfection of style and innovation of the narrative forms, psychological examination of the narrative forms, psychological examination of the human nature and the symbolic use of the human nature and the symbolic use of the impressionism.impressionism.

----Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is one of the first literary texts to is one of the first literary texts to provide a critical view of European imperial activities. It is provide a critical view of European imperial activities. It is typically read either as a condemnation of a certain type of typically read either as a condemnation of a certain type of adventurer who could easily take advantage of adventurer who could easily take advantage of imperialism’s opportunities, or as a sentimental novel. imperialism’s opportunities, or as a sentimental novel.

ImpressionismImpressionism -- Impressionism-- Impressionism is a term taken from painting is a term taken from painting

to signify the conveying of a subjective to signify the conveying of a subjective impression of the world rather than its objective impression of the world rather than its objective appearance. The term has been used in literature to appearance. The term has been used in literature to describe the novelist’s technique of concentrating describe the novelist’s technique of concentrating on the inner life of the main character rather than on the inner life of the main character rather than on external reality.on external reality.

-- It relates primarily to the practice of the -- It relates primarily to the practice of the symbolist poets and the psychological or stream-symbolist poets and the psychological or stream-of-consciousness novel, such as the writings of of-consciousness novel, such as the writings of James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and Marcel Proust.James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and Marcel Proust.

His Contributions His Contributions

----Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness provides a bridge between provides a bridge between Victorian values and the ideals of modernism.Victorian values and the ideals of modernism.

--Imperialism is at the center of --Imperialism is at the center of Heart of Heart of DarknessDarkness..

---- Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is a narrative about the is a narrative about the difficulty of understanding the world beyond the difficulty of understanding the world beyond the self, about the ability of one man to judge another.self, about the ability of one man to judge another.

-- the novella’s central themes of hypocrisy and -- the novella’s central themes of hypocrisy and absurdity.absurdity.

3. 3. Rudyard Kipling(1865-Rudyard Kipling(1865-19361936))

拉迪亚德拉迪亚德 ·· 吉卜林吉卜林 Advocator of the Imperial SpiritAdvocator of the Imperial Spirit A. His lifeA. His life --Kipling was born in Bombay, India .--Kipling was born in Bombay, India . --He returned to England in 1902, settling at --He returned to England in 1902, settling at

Bateman’s, a 17Bateman’s, a 17thth century house in Sussex. century house in Sussex. --In 1907, he became the first Englishman --In 1907, he became the first Englishman

to win the to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.Nobel Prize for Literature.

B. His literary achievementsB. His literary achievements --He is both a poet and novelist. --He is both a poet and novelist. --Many of his attitudes and opinions are --Many of his attitudes and opinions are

deemed “unacceptable” today. deemed “unacceptable” today. --He has produced fiction, poetry, non---He has produced fiction, poetry, non-

fiction, and collections. fiction, and collections. --His most popular works remain --His most popular works remain The The

Jungle BookJungle Book which was written for children which was written for children and the novel and the novel KimKim . .

The Jungle BookThe Jungle Book (1894,1895) (1894,1895)

GenreGenre: Novel: Novel CategoryCategory: Animal fable: Animal fable Time:Time: 19 19thth-century -century Place:Place: India India First edition:First edition: 1894-5 1894-5 Major Characters:Major Characters: Mowgli: Indian boyMowgli: Indian boy Father wolfFather wolf Mother wolfMother wolf

Share Khan: a tigerShare Khan: a tiger Akela: the head of the wolvesAkela: the head of the wolves Baloo: a sleepy brown bearBaloo: a sleepy brown bear Bagheera: a black pantherBagheera: a black panther （黑豹）（黑豹） Kaa: a big rock-python Kaa: a big rock-python (( 大岩蟒）大岩蟒） Bandar-log: the Monkey People.Bandar-log: the Monkey People. Messua: A lady in a villageMessua: A lady in a village The theme: Animal kingdom seems more The theme: Animal kingdom seems more just than human being. The author seems to just than human being. The author seems to introduce the theory of social Darwinism by introduce the theory of social Darwinism by emphasizing the struggle for existence and the emphasizing the struggle for existence and the survival of the fittest.survival of the fittest.

C. His Imperialist Ideology C. His Imperialist Ideology

1. He put the blame on the natives 1. He put the blame on the natives themselves. themselves.

2. “the White Man’s Burden” 2. “the White Man’s Burden” 3. to bring civilization to the natives 3. to bring civilization to the natives 4. Englishmen’s prejudice4. Englishmen’s prejudice

D. His Contributions D. His Contributions

1. objective observation of the true nature 1. objective observation of the true nature of imperialism of imperialism

2. He was awarded the Noble Prize “in 2. He was awarded the Noble Prize “in consideration of the power of observation, consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-characterize the creations of this world-famous author.” famous author.”

4. E.M.Forster 4. E.M.Forster (1879-1970)(1879-1970) 福斯特 福斯特

A. His lifeA. His life --Forster was born in London. His father died --Forster was born in London. His father died

when he was only two years old.when he was only two years old. --He lived in Hertfordshire, in the house which --He lived in Hertfordshire, in the house which

was later to become the central symbol of was later to become the central symbol of Howards EndHowards End. .

-- He attended Tonbridge School, a typical -- He attended Tonbridge School, a typical English “Public School,” and later, King’s English “Public School,” and later, King’s College, Cambridge. College, Cambridge.

-- a member of “Bloomsbury Group”-- a member of “Bloomsbury Group”

B. His achievements (contributionsB. His achievements (contributions) ) He tried to “connect” people of different He tried to “connect” people of different

backgrounds and different cultures. backgrounds and different cultures. Two classics have been given by him: Two classics have been given by him: ----Howards EndHowards End --A Passage to India--A Passage to India theory of novel-writingtheory of novel-writing -- -- Aspects of the NovelAspects of the Novel. .

C. His styleC. His style He belonged to the traditional realism, but He belonged to the traditional realism, but

combined with symbolism. His language combined with symbolism. His language was direct and informal. He liked to use was direct and informal. He liked to use images and symbols. And he also combined images and symbols. And he also combined satire with humor. satire with humor.

5. *H.G.Wells 5. *H.G.Wells (1866-1946)(1866-1946)

赫赫 ·· 乔乔 ·· 威尔斯威尔斯 A. His LifeA. His Life --He was born in Bromley, Kent in UK. --He was born in Bromley, Kent in UK. --His parents were unsuccessful shopkeepers. --His parents were unsuccessful shopkeepers.

Their marriage was unhappy.Their marriage was unhappy. --He was brought up in the lower middle class and --He was brought up in the lower middle class and

was briefly a chemist’s assistant and a draper’s was briefly a chemist’s assistant and a draper’s apprentice. apprentice.

--He got a scholarship in 1884 and studied biology --He got a scholarship in 1884 and studied biology with T.H. Huxley. with T.H. Huxley.

--In 1888 he took an excellent degree in science at --In 1888 he took an excellent degree in science at London University. London University.

--He married his cousin Isabel in 1891, but the --He married his cousin Isabel in 1891, but the marriage collapsed after three years when he marriage collapsed after three years when he eloped with Amy Catherine Robbins. eloped with Amy Catherine Robbins.

--Throughout his life Wells was a dedicated --Throughout his life Wells was a dedicated womanizer and an advocate of sexual freedom, but womanizer and an advocate of sexual freedom, but despite notorious affairs with, among others, despite notorious affairs with, among others, Dorothy Richardson, Elizabeth von Arnim and Dorothy Richardson, Elizabeth von Arnim and Rebecca West (with whom he had a son, Anthony Rebecca West (with whom he had a son, Anthony West). West).

--In 1893 he turned wholly to journalism and --In 1893 he turned wholly to journalism and authorship. He once was a member of Fabian authorship. He once was a member of Fabian Society Society

B. His literary achievements and his B. His literary achievements and his

major worksmajor works He wrote more than 50 novels and volumes He wrote more than 50 novels and volumes

of short stories and many non-fiction books. of short stories and many non-fiction books. 1. Main Science-fiction novels 1. Main Science-fiction novels The Time MachineThe Time Machine (1895) (1895) The Island of Dr. MoreauThe Island of Dr. Moreau (1896) (1896) The Invisible ManThe Invisible Man (1897) (1897) The War of the WorldsThe War of the Worlds (1898) (1898) The First Men on the MoonThe First Men on the Moon (1901) (1901)

2. Social novels or comic novels, or novels 2. Social novels or comic novels, or novels of humor of humor

Kipps: The Story of a Simple SoulKipps: The Story of a Simple Soul (1905) (1905) The History of Mr. PollyThe History of Mr. Polly (1910) (1910) Ann Veronica Ann Veronica (1909) (1909) 3. Novels of ideas 3. Novels of ideas Tono-BungayTono-Bungay (1909) (1909)

C. His contributions C. His contributions 1. His 1. His Time MachineTime Machine pioneered the English pioneered the English

science fiction. science fiction. 2. He inherited the English realistic tradition, 2. He inherited the English realistic tradition,

but combined it with the scientific fantasies but combined it with the scientific fantasies and so he was in step with the reforming and and so he was in step with the reforming and changing trend of the age and shaped the changing trend of the age and shaped the minds of the growing generation. In a sense minds of the growing generation. In a sense he bridged the gap in the transformation he bridged the gap in the transformation from realism to modernism. from realism to modernism.

D. His Science Fiction D. His Science Fiction 1. the danger to man 1. the danger to man 2. limits of the human body and the qualities 2. limits of the human body and the qualities

of machines of machines 3. explore the world of space 3. explore the world of space On the whole, he was interested in the On the whole, he was interested in the

possibilities for good rather than in the possibilities for good rather than in the disadvantages. disadvantages.

The details of science fiction stories change The details of science fiction stories change and develop as scientific advances are made, and develop as scientific advances are made, but many of the themes remain the same. but many of the themes remain the same.

Other novelists who have written science fictionOther novelists who have written science fiction E.M. Forster’s short story: E.M. Forster’s short story: The Machine StopsThe Machine Stops

(1909) (1909) Aldous Huxley: Aldous Huxley: Brave New WorldBrave New World (1932) (1932) George Orwell:George Orwell:Nineteen Eighty-FourNineteen Eighty-Four Anthony Burgess: Anthony Burgess: A clockwork OrangeA clockwork Orange Kingsley Amis: Kingsley Amis: New Maps of HellNew Maps of Hell (1961) (1961) Doris Lessing: Doris Lessing: The Four-Gated City The Four-Gated City (1969) (1969) James Joyce: James Joyce: Finnegan’s WakeFinnegan’s Wake Arthur Clarke :Arthur Clarke :The City and the Stars The City and the Stars (1957) (1957) 2001: A Space Odyssey2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) (1968)

6.Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)6.Virginia Woolf (1882-1941)弗吉尼亚弗吉尼亚 ·· 伍尔夫伍尔夫

A. Introduction to WoolfA. Introduction to Woolf 1. 1. master of the Modernist novel and a great master of the Modernist novel and a great

master of the stream-of-consciousness novelmaster of the stream-of-consciousness novel 2. Their intelligence was equaled by their 2. Their intelligence was equaled by their

frankness, notably on sexual topics, and the frankness, notably on sexual topics, and the sexual life of Bloomsbury provided ample sexual life of Bloomsbury provided ample material for discussion.material for discussion.

Her suicide in March 1941, resulting from Her suicide in March 1941, resulting from her dread of World War II and her fear that her dread of World War II and her fear that she was about to lose her mind and become she was about to lose her mind and become a burden on her husband a burden on her husband

B. B. Her literary achievement Her literary achievement and her major worksand her major works

1. She wrote some of England’s important fiction 1. She wrote some of England’s important fiction because of her experiments with stream of because of her experiments with stream of consciousness.consciousness.

2. She was also one of the most distinguished 2. She was also one of the most distinguished literary critics of her time. literary critics of her time.

3. She was famous as a leader of the “Bloomsbury 3. She was famous as a leader of the “Bloomsbury Group” Group”

4. 4. She was also a feminist, and socialist who She was also a feminist, and socialist who expressed her beliefs in essays such as "A Room expressed her beliefs in essays such as "A Room of One's Own".of One's Own".

C. Her contributions C. Her contributions 1) She experimented in an innovative way 1) She experimented in an innovative way

with the forms of modern novel through the with the forms of modern novel through the technique of stream of consciousness. technique of stream of consciousness.

2) Virginia Woolf's concern with feminist 2) Virginia Woolf's concern with feminist themes is dominant in themes is dominant in A Room of One's A Room of One's Own Own