NounsA noun is a person, place, thing, or ideaCommon Noun-GENERAL noun

Example-boy, state, capitalProper Noun-SPECIFIC noun

Example-Justin, Colorado, DenverPossessive nouns show ownership

Singular nouns-add ‘sPlural nouns that do end in s-add’Plural nouns that do NOT end in s-add ‘s

Plural Noun-more than one

Pronouns Pronoun is a word that replaces a noun or

another pronoun Antecedent is what the pronoun took place

of

Personal PronounsSubject Object Possessive

Singular1. I2. You3. She4. He5. Who

1. Me2. You3. him4. her5. it6. Whom

1. my2. mine3. your4. yours5. his 6. hers7. her8. its

Plural1. we2. you3. they

1. us2. you3. them

1. our2. ours3. your4. yours5. their6. theirs

Indefinite Pronouns Indefinite Pronoun is a pronoun that does NOT refer to a particular

person or thing=VAGUE  Singular Indefinite Pronouns Another each everything one Anybodyeither neither somebody Anyone everybody nobody someone Anything everyone no one something

Plural Indefinite Pronouns Both Few Many Several Others

Indefinite Pronouns that can be BOTH singular and plural All none any most some

Preposition  A preposition is a word that relates its object to another word in

the sentence. OR A preposition is a word that indicates position, direction, or time. –shows relationship

  The object of the preposition is the noun or pronoun that follows

the preposition.   A prepositional phrase is a group of words in a sentence

beginning with the preposition and ending with the object of the preposition. Prepositional phrases may also contain modifiers of the object.

  A preposition can be taken out of a sentence and the sentence will

still make sense.   Neither a subject nor a verb will be in a prepositional phrase.

Prepositions Continuedabout behind from on toward

above below in on top of under

across beneath in front of onto underneath

after beside inside out of until

against between instead of outside up

along by into over upon

among down like past with

around during near since within

at except of through without

before for off to As

Verbs Action Verb-something you do Linking Verb-connects the subject to the predicate Helping Verb-is a linking verb paired with another verb (at least two

verbs usually in a row) Another name for a helping verb is a verb phrase

Would, should, could always helping verbs Words that can be either linking or action (apply to senses) Feel remain smell Look touch sound Appear become stay Taste grow turn

Help in finding verbs: Take out prepositional phrases Ask what or who the sentence is about? What did that who or what do? Look for the words that are always verbs

Words that are always verbs!Am Has Do beIs Have does Wasare had did were

AdjectivesAdjectives modify nouns and pronounsAnother word for modify is describeAdjectives answer:

What kind?Which one?How much/many?

Comparative Adjectives compare two things and use –er or more.

Superlative Adjectives compare more than two and use –est or most.

AdverbsAdverbs modify adjectives, verbs, and

adverbsAdverbs answer:

When?How?Where?What extent?

A helpful hint is that many adverbs end in –ly

Sentence TypesClause-a group of wordsIndependent clause-a group of words that CAN stand

aloneDependent-a group of words that CAN NOT stand aloneSimple sentence-one independent clause (A subject and

a predicate)S=I

Compound sentence-is two simple sentences joined by coordinating conjunctions or a semicolonC=I+I..

Complex Sentence-is a independent and dependent clauseCx=I+D…

Compound/Complex SentenceC+C+I..

Coordinating ConjunctionsF-forA-andN-norB-butO-orY-yetS-so

Subordinating ConjunctionsUsually the dependent clause starts with a

subordinating conjunctionAfter as though sincewhenAlthough because so that wheneverAs before than whereAs if how though whereverAs long as if unless whetherAs soon as in order that untilwhileThat which who