past present taipei: past and present 古都 and 超級大國民

PastPast

PresentPresent

Taipei: Past and PresentTaipei: Past and Present

古都古都 and and 超級大國民超級大國民

PastPast

PresentPresent

OutlineOutline

古都古都: remembering as a way of existence : remembering as a way of existence and resistanceand resistance

超級大國民超級大國民Super Citizen Ko: A Personal Super Citizen Ko: A Personal Redress of the Past in a Changed EnviroRedress of the Past in a Changed Environmentnment

Cities, Memories and Personal IdentitiesCities, Memories and Personal Identities ReferencesReferences

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朱天心朱天心外省第二代外省第二代三三集刊成員受師長三三集刊成員受師長

輩精神傳承，情感認輩精神傳承，情感認同且依戀「故國」。同且依戀「故國」。面對鄉土文學的論戰，面對鄉土文學的論戰，遂變得十分焦慮，因遂變得十分焦慮，因為成長經驗中「為成長經驗中「屬於屬於我的『鄉土』是無論我的『鄉土』是無論如何都無法合於論戰如何都無法合於論戰的標準的標準」。（朱天心」。（朱天心語）語）

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古都古都 : Starting Questions: Starting Questions

Structure: Structure: 1.1. pp. 151 – 170: memories of her life at age 17, pp. 151 – 170: memories of her life at age 17,

and the recent mayor election. (pp. 169-70)and the recent mayor election. (pp. 169-70)2.2. pp. 170 -210: A visit to Kyoto and more mempp. 170 -210: A visit to Kyoto and more mem

ories of her youth and childhood; ories of her youth and childhood; 3.3. pp. 211 – 233: A re-visit of Taipei with a colonpp. 211 – 233: A re-visit of Taipei with a colon

ial map. ial map. 「難道，你的記憶都不算數……」「難道，你的記憶都不算數……」 (151) What (151) What

does this mean? What does the narrator chedoes this mean? What does the narrator cherish and resist?rish and resist?

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古都古都 : Major Themes: Major Themes The narrator remembers the past when The narrator remembers the past when

the city does not confirm or preserve it. the city does not confirm or preserve it. 1.1. The memories she cherishes and her The memories she cherishes and her

contradictionscontradictions1.1. Young adulthood Young adulthood – – with Awith A; ; 2.2. Of Taipei’s pastOf Taipei’s past3.3. At Kyoto At Kyoto 4.4. ChildhoodChildhood; ;

2.2. The Oblivious City vs. the Remembered The Oblivious City vs. the Remembered City; City; Taipei vs. Kyoto Taipei vs. Kyoto

3.3. The narrator’s criticism of Taipei, her conThe narrator’s criticism of Taipei, her contradictions and complexitytradictions and complexity

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Memories:Memories: Young adulthood – in general Young adulthood – in general

那時候的體液和淚水那時候的體液和淚水清新如花露清新如花露，人們比較願意隨它要，人們比較願意隨它要落就落。落就落。

那時候的人們非常單純天真，那時候的人們非常單純天真，不分黨派的往往為了單一不分黨派的往往為了單一的信念或愛人，肯於捨身或赴死的信念或愛人，肯於捨身或赴死。。

那時候的樹，也因土地尚未商品化，沒大肆開路競建炒那時候的樹，也因土地尚未商品化，沒大肆開路競建炒地皮，而得以存活得特別高大特別綠，地皮，而得以存活得特別高大特別綠，像赤道雨林的像赤道雨林的國家。國家。

那時候鮮有公共場所，咖啡館非常少，速食店泡沫紅茶那時候鮮有公共場所，咖啡館非常少，速食店泡沫紅茶 KKTVTV 、、 PUBPUB 更是不用說，更是不用說，少年的只好四處遊蕩猛走，少年的只好四處遊蕩猛走，但路上也不見人潮洶湧白老鼠一般。但路上也不見人潮洶湧白老鼠一般。 (p.151.152; (p.151.152; 自自由由 157)157)

Do you agree? Do you see that in your parents’ liDo you agree? Do you see that in your parents’ lives or in your own childhood?ves or in your own childhood?

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Memories:Memories: Young adulthood – with A Young adulthood – with A

Close friends, close to being homosexual lClose friends, close to being homosexual lovers; p. 153; overs; p. 153;

Triangular relations: A and Triangular relations: A and 宋；宋； A and the A and the narrator p. 155; 163narrator p. 155; 163

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Of Taipei’s past –to confirm and critOf Taipei’s past –to confirm and criticize Taiwanicize Taiwan

〈台灣通史序〉〈台灣通史序〉 ---- 清人得台、廷議欲墟其清人得台、廷議欲墟其地地

88 88 年前法軍戰役年前法軍戰役咸豐七年春正月、淡水大雪咸豐七年春正月、淡水大雪 (pp. 153; 204)(pp. 153; 204) 日人拆城日人拆城 ;; 賣台灣賣台灣 but they planted trees but they planted trees

(p. 180); (p. 180); DPP tears down the trees and pollutes TDPP tears down the trees and pollutes T

aiwan with heavy industry. (p. 181)aiwan with heavy industry. (p. 181)

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Of Taipei’s past –to confirm and critOf Taipei’s past –to confirm and criticize Taiwanicize Taiwan

首先西班牙人荷蘭人如此描述台北：草茀瘴濃，居者多病。首先西班牙人荷蘭人如此描述台北：草茀瘴濃，居者多病。康熙台北湖。康熙台北湖。其後來採硫磺的郁永河在其後來採硫磺的郁永河在 ? ? 稗海紀遊稗海紀遊 ? ? 形容台北：非人形容台北：非人

所居。但那早在一六九七年，不能怪它，同時其的嘉南平所居。但那早在一六九七年，不能怪它，同時其的嘉南平原乘牛車行經期間，如在地底（多令人神往！）。原乘牛車行經期間，如在地底（多令人神往！）。

康熙末年，隨軍來台平朱一貴亂的藍鼎源說：台人平居好康熙末年，隨軍來台平朱一貴亂的藍鼎源說：台人平居好亂，既平復起。亂，既平復起。

連沈葆楨也說：台北瘴癘地。連沈葆楨也說：台北瘴癘地。李鴻章：鳥不語，花不香，男無情，女無意。李鴻章：鳥不語，花不香，男無情，女無意。不滿那地方的不自你始。不滿那地方的不自你始。你真不想回去呀你真不想回去呀。。 (p.177)(p.177)

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Memories: of KyotoMemories: of Kyoto

1.1. Remembering her trip with her daughter p.Remembering her trip with her daughter p. 172 – 172 –

2222 Remembering her walk to Remembering her walk to 圓山圓山 and and 兒兒童樂園‧童樂園‧ p. 177 p. 177 her childhood. her childhood.

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Childhood memoriesChildhood memories

1.1. Life in Life in 眷村眷村 2.2. 郵局郵局 (198) – Western Style buildings, incon(198) – Western Style buildings, incon

gruous with the surroundings.gruous with the surroundings.

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The Oblivious City vs. the RemembThe Oblivious City vs. the Remembered Cityered City

P. 187 – P. 187 – 不打算保存人們生活痕跡的地方，不打算保存人們生活痕跡的地方，不就等於一個陌生的城市？不就等於一個陌生的城市？

Kyoto’s permanence vs. Taipei’s chanKyoto’s permanence vs. Taipei’s changes: p. 199 - 200-01; ges: p. 199 - 200-01;

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Taipei vs. KyotoTaipei vs. Kyoto

Kyoto vs. Taipei Kyoto vs. Taipei 白川白川 p. 171p. 171 清涼寺清涼寺 vs. vs. 慈惠宮慈惠宮 (p(p

p. 207-208)p. 207-208)

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Kyoto to TaipeiKyoto to Taipei

Kyoto: an ideal projection of Taipei as aKyoto: an ideal projection of Taipei as an ancient cityn ancient city

Continue the colonial history? She uses Continue the colonial history? She uses a colonial map to tour around Taipei: p. a colonial map to tour around Taipei: p. 211 - 211 -

日據時代將台灣神社建於台北，把台北古日據時代將台灣神社建於台北，把台北古城當作皇居御所，視基隆河為鴨川、劍潭城當作皇居御所，視基隆河為鴨川、劍潭山為東山，取的便是台北盆地在地理位置山為東山，取的便是台北盆地在地理位置上與京都相彷彿上與京都相彷彿 (( 楊楊 ) .) .

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Kyoto to TaipeiKyoto to Taipei

Her route: the city center (Her route: the city center ( 新光三越新光三越 ) ) 總統府博愛特區總統府博愛特區西門町西門町重慶南路重慶南路圓山圓山淡水關渡淡水關渡大度路 – 大度路 – lost her map;lost her map; 迪化街迪化街環河路環河路 and and 河堤河堤 the embathe embankment nkment

What do you think this trip means?What do you think this trip means? e.g. p. 230; p. 232 e.g. p. 230; p. 232

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Do you agree with her experience Do you agree with her experience of Postmodern Taipei of Postmodern Taipei

Forgetful and without direction Forgetful and without direction 沒有航沒有航標的大河？標的大河？

P. 183-84 MRTP. 183-84 MRT The New Park p. 213 The New Park p. 213 The Officials’ houses and their reconstrThe Officials’ houses and their reconstr

uctionuction 改建的房子改建的房子 p. 216-17p. 216-17

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Do you agree with her experience Do you agree with her experience of Postmodern Taipei of Postmodern Taipei

天空有直升機盤旋，大概在找江上浮屍；天空有直升機盤旋，大概在找江上浮屍；歐幾桑騎著老歐都拜嘟嘟放著黑煙迎面擦歐幾桑騎著老歐都拜嘟嘟放著黑煙迎面擦身而過，大概也是接到通知去認屍……身而過，大概也是接到通知去認屍……

這是哪裡？……，你放聲大哭。這是哪裡？……，你放聲大哭。 (p. 233)(p. 233)

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Is the Narrator’s Criticism of Is the Narrator’s Criticism of Taipei Justified?Taipei Justified?

1.1. 王德威言「她與她的老靈魂正如班雅明（王德威言「她與她的老靈魂正如班雅明（ BenjaminBenjamin ））的天使一樣，是以背向，而非面向，未來」，因為這樣的天使一樣，是以背向，而非面向，未來」，因為這樣的不甘願進入現代，行筆之處便時時夾雜著對現今社會的不甘願進入現代，行筆之處便時時夾雜著對現今社會的議論與針砭。的議論與針砭。 (( 陳陳 ))

『歷史天使的外觀也是如此。『歷史天使的外觀也是如此。他的臉孔朝向過去，我們他的臉孔朝向過去，我們似乎看到排列出一連串事件的地方，他卻只看到一件事似乎看到排列出一連串事件的地方，他卻只看到一件事物：一個不停不變的大災難，不斷地堆積出瓦礫堆，並物：一個不停不變的大災難，不斷地堆積出瓦礫堆，並把他們射向他的腳下。．．把他們射向他的腳下。．．這場風暴把天使帶向未來，這場風暴把天使帶向未來，然而天使一直背對此一未來．．這場風暴的然而天使一直背對此一未來．．這場風暴的名字叫做名字叫做「進步」。』「進步」。』 ((班雅明班雅明 ))

““History is an angel being blown backward into the History is an angel being blown backward into the future.”future.”

這一切，一定和進步有誓不兩立的關係嗎這一切，一定和進步有誓不兩立的關係嗎 (182)(182)

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Her contradictions (1)Her contradictions (1)

「你再也不願走過這些陌生的街巷道，如「你再也不願走過這些陌生的街巷道，如此，你能走的路愈來愈少了。」此，你能走的路愈來愈少了。」 p. 184 p. 184

Walking on Taipei streets and rememberWalking on Taipei streets and remembering a lot of the houses and their details. ing a lot of the houses and their details.

political control of those old houses? political control of those old houses? P. 187P. 187

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Her contradictions (2)Her contradictions (2)

Taiwan has always been under multiple coloniTaiwan has always been under multiple colonial influence, so is she. e.g. al influence, so is she. e.g.

淡水河像長江淡水河像長江 p. 153; p. 153; 淡水河口的景致像舊金山、淡水河口的景致像舊金山、 p. 154; p. 154; 紅樓像西班牙或某些地中海小鎮的建築紅樓像西班牙或某些地中海小鎮的建築 p. 155; p. 155; 有整排楓香與美軍顧問團宿舍座落的中山北路像有整排楓香與美軍顧問團宿舍座落的中山北路像

新英格蘭十三州，新英格蘭十三州， p. 165; p. 165; 日本的河水像江南日本的河水像江南 p. 171 p. 171 American soap operas and movies. American soap operas and movies. 無關乎民族主義無關乎民族主義 p. 166 p. 166

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her contradictions – multiple texther contradictions – multiple text

陶淵明的《桃花源記》、陶淵明的《桃花源記》、連橫的〈台灣通史序〉，連橫的〈台灣通史序〉，西方作家如勞倫斯、梭羅、西方作家如勞倫斯、梭羅、 Robert FrostRobert Frost等人的文學作品等人的文學作品

Fragmentary identity Fragmentary identity

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her contradictions and complexity her contradictions and complexity (3)(3)

你第一次來圓山公園時很驚訝他們怎麼公你第一次來圓山公園時很驚訝他們怎麼公然用了你們圓山的名字。女兒卻在一次幼然用了你們圓山的名字。女兒卻在一次幼稚園戶外教學去圓山河濱公園回家後問你，稚園戶外教學去圓山河濱公園回家後問你，奇怪怎麼學人家日本人的地名呢。你突然奇怪怎麼學人家日本人的地名呢。你突然迷惑起來不能回答，丈夫笑女兒數典忘祖。迷惑起來不能回答，丈夫笑女兒數典忘祖。(175) (175)

What will the daughter remember? pp. 1What will the daughter remember? pp. 198-99. 98-99.

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her contradictions and complexity her contradictions and complexity (4)(4)

Her fear of aging: pp. 173; 192. Her fear of aging: pp. 173; 192. Her loss of the past = not meeting AHer loss of the past = not meeting A Her position as a tourist at Kyoto Her position as a tourist at Kyoto

(shopping, joining rituals, observing (shopping, joining rituals, observing from a distance and being tolerant – from a distance and being tolerant – p. 194; 206)p. 194; 206)

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超級大國民超級大國民超級大國民超級大國民 , [ , [ 萬仁萬仁 ], ], 榮獲榮獲 22項項 , , 最佳男最佳男主角（林揚）最佳原主角（林揚）最佳原創音樂（李壽全、范創音樂（李壽全、范宗沛）宗沛） . .

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萬仁萬仁「從全民開講到全民亂講，社會變得越來「從全民開講到全民亂講，社會變得越來越混沌，大概是因為歷史沒有被真正的釐越混沌，大概是因為歷史沒有被真正的釐清吧，因為歷史已經快要被遺忘。」萬仁清吧，因為歷史已經快要被遺忘。」萬仁這麼感慨。這麼感慨。

http://www.hi-on.org.tw/article0.asp?Serial=0120030109470http://www.hi-on.org.tw/article0.asp?Serial=0120030109470

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Starting QuestionsStarting Questions

What does the protagonist want to What does the protagonist want to do after leaving the senior citizen’s do after leaving the senior citizen’s home? home?

What kind of ‘past’ does he What kind of ‘past’ does he remember as opposed to the remember as opposed to the ‘present’ he sees and learns? ‘present’ he sees and learns?

How is the film’s presentation of How is the film’s presentation of history different from that of history different from that of AraratArarat? ? Is the film just being sentimental? Is the film just being sentimental? What are its major techniques? What are its major techniques?

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超級大國民超級大國民 Super Citizen KoSuper Citizen Ko

The protagonist’s The protagonist’s memoriesmemories, , the ironies the ironies implied and how he faces them; implied and how he faces them;

His Search His Search The ‘present’ Taipei he sees; The ‘present’ Taipei he sees; The ‘histories’ he sees; The ‘histories’ he sees; The endingThe ending Filmic Techniques: identification, Filmic Techniques: identification,

sympathy & irony, silence and interior sympathy & irony, silence and interior monologuemonologue

PastPast

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MemoriesMemories The execution of Taiwanese The execution of Taiwanese

intellectuals in the fifties.intellectuals in the fifties. Only a study group.Only a study group.

PastPast

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Ironies Ironies Broken Families: he

divorces his wife, Mr. Chen’s wife denies their

relationship.

PastPast

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Ironies: Lost Ideals Ironies: Lost Ideals 青春和理想就像一張消失的照片或 forgotten in the damp forest.

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Memories – his Attitudes Memories – his Attitudes Self-isolation and loneliness to active Self-isolation and loneliness to active

remembering and compensation. remembering and compensation. His action: learning, writing and His action: learning, writing and

searching for his lost friends. searching for his lost friends.

PastPast

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His Search – more ironies His Search – more ironies

His friends (1): His friends (1): 游仔 – 游仔 – remembers the Japaremembers the Japanese military songs nese military songs

PastPast

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His friends (2): the paHis friends (2): the paranoiac –listens to soranoiac –listens to songs of ngs of 反攻大陸反攻大陸

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His friends (3): the poHis friends (3): the police – time changes lice – time changes

His friends (4): cannoHis friends (4): cannot go to his parents’ ft go to his parents’ funerals, keeps his idunerals, keeps his idealism.ealism.

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Present Taipei Present Taipei 1. Power Centers: 1. Power Centers: 遠企大樓、新光大樓遠企大樓、新光大樓 2. Changed Political environment: demons2. Changed Political environment: demons

tration and bribery. tration and bribery.

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Present Taipei Present Taipei 1.Modernization:1.Modernization:

TV, TV,

gods on motorbikes. gods on motorbikes.

PastPast

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Remembered Taipei Remembered Taipei

From Power center to From Power center to 馬場町 –馬場町 – led by led by a voice a voice

PastPast

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在青少年盤據的西門在青少年盤據的西門町、歡樂的獅子林大町、歡樂的獅子林大樓樓 = = 五十年代警備總五十年代警備總部司令部的保安處，部司令部的保安處，日據時代的東本願寺日據時代的東本願寺

PastPast

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來來大飯店，老人從來來大飯店，老人從鏗鏗鏘鏘的刀叉聲裡，鏗鏗鏘鏘的刀叉聲裡，聽到比著「二條一」手勢的腳鐐聲聽到比著「二條一」手勢的腳鐐聲。。

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Final Reconciliation Final Reconciliation

六張犁的亂葬崗，引六張犁的亂葬崗，引燃點點渺小的燭光，燃點點渺小的燭光，結束他的贖罪之旅。結束他的贖罪之旅。「活著的人，命運和「活著的人，命運和你們一樣，除了比你你們一樣，除了比你們多了一口氣之外」們多了一口氣之外」

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The ending? The ending?

PastPast

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Filmic Techniques Filmic Techniques

Emotionalism but Emotionalism but not sentimentalism not sentimentalism achieved through achieved through both identification both identification and the use of and the use of irony. irony.

Identification -- Identification -- silence vs. speech silence vs. speech

PastPast

PresentPresent

Filmic Techniques Filmic Techniques

Sympathy Sympathy

Identification through

camera eye

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PresentPresent

Cities, Memories and Cities, Memories and Personal Identities (1)Personal Identities (1)

Are Cities definitely oblivious?Are Cities definitely oblivious? A city has multiple space and multiple time/history. A city has multiple space and multiple time/history.

It’s up to the viewers/residents to discover, activatIt’s up to the viewers/residents to discover, activate and/or renew them. e.g. e and/or renew them. e.g.

1.1. AraratArarat – the racial and personal memories are to be – the racial and personal memories are to be told and understood.told and understood.

2.2. In the Skin of a Lion – In the Skin of a Lion – Personal histories of the laborPersonal histories of the laborers to supplement the City archive. ers to supplement the City archive.

3.3. 古都：「大足球場原址是一九二三年建的運動場，為古都：「大足球場原址是一九二三年建的運動場，為了做歡迎還是太子的昭和南巡之用，國府初期給第七艦了做歡迎還是太子的昭和南巡之用，國府初期給第七艦隊美軍顧問團使用，剛當選的市長在足球之夜繪過市政隊美軍顧問團使用，剛當選的市長在足球之夜繪過市政藍圖……」藍圖……」 (190)(190) 。。

4.4. 超級大國民－－獅子林、青年公園、來來飯店，超級大國民－－獅子林、青年公園、來來飯店， etc. etc.

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How are our memories and sense of How are our memories and sense of identities related to the places and identities related to the places and our memories? our memories?

Do the fast changes in postmodern Do the fast changes in postmodern cities necessarily deny our sense of cities necessarily deny our sense of identity or stability? identity or stability?

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古都古都 Chu’s narrator – Her memories attacheChu’s narrator – Her memories attached to the places, she does not want the old placd to the places, she does not want the old places to be changed so much, nor does she want tes to be changed so much, nor does she want to appreciate the positive in the changes.o appreciate the positive in the changes.

「這你無法做到，你甚至半點不肯感慨『舊情綿「這你無法做到，你甚至半點不肯感慨『舊情綿綿』變成那樣，誠品變成芝麻婚紗，它們相較於綿』變成那樣，誠品變成芝麻婚紗，它們相較於過往對你來說都曾是太新的東西，你不願與它有過往對你來說都曾是太新的東西，你不願與它有任何關係，那怕只是買本雜誌喝杯咖啡，因為那任何關係，那怕只是買本雜誌喝杯咖啡，因為那又將種下一場流逝的開端，……，你彷彿晉太元又將種下一場流逝的開端，……，你彷彿晉太元中武陵人捕魚為業。中武陵人捕魚為業。」」 (p.191) (p.191)

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ReferencesReferences

楊如英‧ 〈多種互文、多重空間－論楊如英‧ 〈多種互文、多重空間－論 <<古都古都 >>中中的文化認同與文本定位〉的文化認同與文本定位〉 http://www.srcs.nctu.edu.tw/taiwanlit/issue4/4-6.htmhttp://www.srcs.nctu.edu.tw/taiwanlit/issue4/4-6.htm

余佳凌‧ 〈余佳凌‧ 〈當代台灣文學中鑲嵌的殖民經驗：朱當代台灣文學中鑲嵌的殖民經驗：朱天心的《古都》天心的《古都》《走過「三三」》〉《走過「三三」》〉http://www.srcs.nctu.edu.tw/taiwanlit/issue4/4-13.htmhttp://www.srcs.nctu.edu.tw/taiwanlit/issue4/4-13.htm

陳怡華 ‧〈永恆的異鄉人陳怡華 ‧〈永恆的異鄉人 -- 論朱天心的「古都」論朱天心的「古都」〉〉 http://www.srcs.nctu.edu.tw/taiwanlit/issue4/4-7.htmhttp://www.srcs.nctu.edu.tw/taiwanlit/issue4/4-7.htm

<<<<說故事的人說故事的人 >>>>，頁，頁 135135 。班雅明著，林志明。班雅明著，林志明譯，台北，台灣攝影圖書。譯，台北，台灣攝影圖書。

past present taipei: past and present 古都 and 超級大國民

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