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EMILY BIRMINGHAM G NOVEMBER 9, 201

C I V I L W A R



TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1: Readying for War- The Union’s preparations

and resources (Pg.1)

Section 2:Commanders andConflict- The leaders, engagements,

and minority groups (Pg.2)

Section 3: Americans Duringthe Civil War- Life in camp and on the

home front (Pg.3)

Section 4: The Aftermath ofthe Civil War- The effects of the war and

reconstruction (Pg.4)

Section 5: Bibliography(Pg.5)

http://kr.blog.yahoo.com/csk6701/3616







Resources for the Union duringthe Civil War

During the Civil War the Unionarmy had better resources andman power compared to theConfederates. Because of all theirindustries and factories it was agreat to help the economy byhiring workers to produce guns,bullets, and other weapons. As forman power, the North outdid theSouth by almost double. The Northhad a bigger advantage over theSouth in almost every aspectexcept one, which was cotton. Asa result of being ahead in supplies,men, and money they assumed thewar would be easy and so they didvery little training and dependedmore on the actual materials thanthe strength and perseverance ofthe men.

PreparationIn order to prepare for the

upcoming Civil War, the Unionneeded enough men to create alarge army. In order to have thisadvantage they eventually offeredblack slaves the option of joining inon the ghting as an escape routefrom working on their plantations.

Also, they offered many differentimmigrants the chance to join theirarmy force and eventually formedan army that just about doubledthe size of the South. To gain moremoney for the war, the Northpassed the Enrollment Act, whichstated that the soldiers could pay$300 in place of them going toght in the war. However, many ofthem joined anyways because theyconsidered a great honor andprivilege to serve their country.

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HomeOfHeroes.com

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant, also known as Hiram Ulysses Grant,

was born in Ohio on April 27, 1822. He was forced toattend West Point military academy and graduated asthe top half in his class of 39 students. He wasengaged to a woman named Julia Dent, however, beforethey got married he left for war and they were not

married until it had ended. In 1864, during the CivilWar, President Abraham Lincoln appointed Grant asGeneral Lieutenant, a rank that hadn’t been occupiedsince George Washington. Lincoln had chosen the right

man for the job, and thanks to Grant’s cunning mind,he brought the Civl War to an end and became anational hero.

Irvin McDowellIrvin McDowell, born in 1818, similar so Ulysses Grant

was also born in Ohio and attended West Point militaryacademy. Before he graduated from West Point, however,he was educated and went to school in France. Abraham Lincoln decided to give him his first assignment inRichmond, he overestimated the young generals skillsand he was brought to a harsh defeat at the battle ofBull Run. His loss at this battle was a devastatingblow and he was reassigned to Washington to block the

Confederate army from coming in. Many of his battlesfailed to be successful and his over all career in the military was the opposite of a success. However he

retired a war general non the less and maintained ahappy life.

Joshua ChamberlainJoshua Chamberlain, unlike the other two generals,did not go to a military academy, but began hiscareer as a professor in Maine. When the Civil Warbegan, however, he offered himself as an able body tohelp fight for the Union army. When he first appliedfor the army he was offered the position ofcolonelcy, a huge step for anyone in the war. Havingnot enough experience for this position he rejectedand became a lieutenant colonel instead, still a hugehonor. A very brave soldier, he was wounded six timesthroughout the entire war but recovered from all ofthem healthy and happy. His most famous battle islittle round top, where he won the medal of honor.

Pg.2



The Battle of Gettysburg wasone of the most important andnuential battles throughout the

entire four year long war. It began

n July 1, 1863 and lasted threedays long. General Robert E. Leewas ghting for the North againstGeneral George G. Meade whowas leading the South. This washe bloodiest battle in the whole

war. There were over 51,000casualties, 569 tons of ammunition

had been used, and 5,000 deadhorses and other such weaponswere found. Not only was this thebloodiest battle however, but it wasknown as the turning point for theUnion soldiers, because theydefeated the Confederates by sucharge amounts. Before, the Union

was not doing so hot and hadmany failing battle plans, howeverafter the win at this battleeverything only went up becauseso many soldiers and muchammunition was lost for theConfederates and they didn’t havehe means to replace it, while the

South had more than enough

money and soldiers to go around.

ENGAGEMENTS/BATTLESBattl e o f

Getty sbu rgBattle of Shiloh 1st Battle of

Bull Run

The Battle of Shiloh was a twoday battle on April 6 -7, 1862 thattook place in the southwestern partof Tennessee. Led by General

Ulysses S. Grant, the Union armywere defeated on the rst day by asurprise attack from theConfederates led by General AlbertSydney Johnston. With a positiveoutlook, the Confederates werepositive they had won the battle.However, what they weren’t

expecting was that the Unionwould gain strength the followingday and they began to hold theirdefensive line and perhaps themost inuential event that affectedthe turnout of this war was thedeath of General Johnston. Thiswas a huge blow to theConfederates pride anddetermination. Also, in the middleof the night the Union gained over22,000 fresh troops, with new lifeand strength, something theConfederates greatly lacked. In theend, the Union won but both sideswent home with an immensenumber of casualties and deaths.

The rst Battle of Bull Runthe First Manassas, dependingon wether you were Confederaor Union. Abraham Lincoln se

General Irvin McDowell in thehopes that he would overcomeManasses, Virginia and open aclear route to Richmond, thecapital of the Confederates antake over all the soldiers therethe beginning, this was a cleveand well thought out plan andany normal militia wouldcomplete the mission well.However, the Union army wasnot a trained army and they totheir time walking to Virginia,picking berries, and stopping trest one to many times and theConfederates beat them to thepunch. Many people gathered

the battle ground and picnickethere to watch the Union armydefeated. Though theConfederates nearly won, it wa very close battle which theyNorth was not expecting, andthey won on very short terms.

Thure de Thulstrup.

Pg. 3

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thure_de_Thulstrup

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thure_de_Thulstrup



African American, Women, Immigrant, and Spy Inuences on the Union Army African American’s inuence on the Union Army

was a pretty powerful impact. They were given theoption of leaving their slavery homes and quitworking in order to join the Union army andparticipate in the militia. Eventually, so many

Africans had joined the army there were militiasand whole camp grounds made just for blacksoldiers and some even became generals.

Women may not have had quite such a bigimpact in the actual eld of ghting but they did asmuch as they could from their home towns. Sinceall the men had left for war the women took it uponthemselves to run the factories and otherindustries that provided tools and other materialsthat the men needed while on the actual battleeld. Many of them also took over hospitals and

provided medicine for the wounded. A few even

had the courage to take part in the actual ghtingand were a huge help during the war.

Immigrants and spies made an impact becauseimmigrants added to the number of soldiers thatthe Union had because one of the North’sadvantages over the South was their greatness innumber, which would not be an option ifimmigrants didn’t participate in the war. Spies,however, though they did not add to greatness innumber they most certainly aided the North whenit came to information, and havinginformation from the othersides generals gives the Uniona slight advantage, hopefullythe winning advantage.

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE CIVL WAR

Will Jones Blackwny.com

Women in theCivil War

insidemedford.com

Pg. 4



Camp LifeLife in the army is just like anyone would

imagine, harsh, painful, and cruel. Even whenthe soldiers were not ghting an actual battleand they rarely gained full rest. Many timeswhen they were not ghting they would takepart in drills, plan strategies, or regroupthemselves. Daily activities included thingslike cooking what food they could nd,nding wood for res, cleaning what clothesthey had left, and writing letter to their lovedones. When they were not working, manytimes the soldiers would play a game ofcards or make bets, or sleep. Life was very

routine and there was no excitement asidefrom the actual battles. When actuallyghting, soldiers had to go through manyobstacles such as wire fences, longdistances to run or walk, guns, swords,cannons, and rivers to swim across. If thatwasn’t enough a soldier also had to learn tocope with everything he or sometimes she

went through from the trauma of the battle.Many had to recover from illness or disease,which they gained from living in uncleancamp grounds, bullet wounds, post wartrauma, malnutrition, and the lack of theirfamilies and loved ones.

Diseases Faced During theWar

Typhus, typhoid fever,smallpox, measles, piles,rheumatism, and manyother illness were all faced

during the Civil War.

SOLDIERS

Pg. 5



Home LifeLife from the homeward point of view is very different than the

soldiers, it mostly affected woman, children, and brothers. Forwomen, this was one of the worst times for young women to tryand nd husbands because all the men had gone to war. For

mother’s they missed their sons and prayed that they would bekept safe, while young wives hoped their husbands would returnso that they could continue growing their families. For children,young ones especially they often missed their fathers and neededthat fatherly gure in their lives. The young boys often tried theirbest to work around the house and take place of the dad but thatmanly inuence was still missed wit hin most houses. For brothers,many times this war divided families in half. One brother mightagree with the thoughts of the North, while the other agreed withthe thoughts of the South and they would often end up ghtingagainst each other in the same war and split their houses. Also,some people’s homes were destroyed in the midst of the ghtingand some people’s work, or towns, or livestock may be torn downand they have no money because of the war.

WOMEN

http:// www.officemuseum.com/

office ender.htm

Pg. 6

http://www.officemuseum.com/office_gender.htm








The most rewarding part of the

end of the war for the Union wasthat slavery had been abolished,and they had won. Despite the factthat the Northerners were overjoyedwith this triumph, there many otherimportant things at hand they nowneeded to deal with. For instance,since so many soldier had joinedthe army on the union side andwoman had taken over their jobs infactories, it was quite hard to ndwork for any man who had beenghting. Because there was nowork space in factories, the spreadof farming and mining increasedrapidly. So many families and

factories were in debt that ination,

or when prices increase andpurchasing rate lowers, became ahuge issue. Economics were thebiggest results of war. In a morepositive tone, however, manyfamilies were reunited and the pain,suffering, and death was nallyover. The end also eventuallybrought the rst public schools tothe US, spreading education. Also,it opened up the rst opportunitiesfor slaves and whites to live insociety together as “equals”.



RECONSTRUCTION

This time period in the United States isone of the most influential and greatlyaffected and shaped what the nation istoday. Seeing as how the North won the warthis era in American History was from 1865

until 1877 and the North was trying to getthe south reunited with them once again.The first step Abraham Lincoln took wasthe Emancipation Proclamation, which endedall slavery. However, when PresidentLincoln was shot and killed by John WilkesBooth in 1865, soon after the war hadended. This affected the reconstruction ofthe United States greatly and the vicepresident, Andrew Johnson, had to takeover this enormous duty. Johnson’s

inexperience was a great problem becauseCongress disagreed with almost everythinghe suggested and caused more conflictbetween them and the president. One of the

most important focuses of this era was thedebate of wether voting was wrong or rightand how many rights African Americansshould be given.



Works Cited"The Battle of Shiloh, 1862." EyeWitness to History - History through the

Eyes of Those Who Lived It . Web. 08 Nov. 2011. < http://

www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/shiloh.htm >.

"Economy in The Civil War." Shmoop: Homework Help, Teacher

Resources, Test Prep . Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://www.shmoop.com/civil-

war/economy.html>.

"Enrollment Act." Spartacus Educational . Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USACWenrollment.htm>.

"Ethnic Composition Of Civil War Forces." The American Civil War Home

Page . Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://www.civilwarhome.c om/ethnic.htm>.

"The First Battle of Bull Run, 1861." EyeWitness to History - History

through the Eyes of Those Who Lived It . Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://

www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/bullrun.h tm>.

"Gettysburg Battle American Civil War July 1863." American Civil War

History Tim elines Battle Map Pictures . Web. 08 Nov. 2011. <http://

americancivilwar.com/getty.html>.

http://americancivilwar.com/getty.html



http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/bullrun.htm

http://www.civilwarhome.com/ethnic.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USACWenrollment.htm
















http://www.shmoop.com/civil-war/economy.html




http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/shiloh.htm




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