emc standards and regulationsemc standards and …emc/20140823p3.pdfcispr product emc standards:...

EMC S i S iEMC Seminar SeriesAll about EMC Testing and Measurement

S i 1Seminar – 1

EMC Standards and RegulationsEMC Standards and Regulations

Dr. KC LEE BEng (Hons), PhD, CEng, MIET, MIEEE, CTP

Hong Kong Standards and Testing Centre ( STC )Hong Kong Standards and Testing Centre ( STC )

Organized by :

The Hong Kong Standards and Testing Centre Ltd (STC)

香港標準及檢定中心

Department of Electronic Engineering

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ContentContent•Europe EMC requirementsEurope EMC requirements

•CISPR International EMC Standards

•Hong Kong EMC requirements

C d EMC i t•Canada EMC requirements

•USA EMC requirementsUS C equ e e s

•IT products EMC requirements l i diff t t iexamples in different countries



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European common framework for the

The CE Mark ("Conformité Européenne" "European Conformity") existing in its present form since

marketing of products (CE Mark)

The CE Mark ( Conformité Européenne , European Conformity ), existing in its present form since 1993, is a mandatory conformance mark on many products placed on the market in the European Economic Area (EEA).

The EC directives for CE marking include the following groups:

• ElectroMagnetic Compatibility;

• Low Voltage;• Low Voltage;

• Medical Devices;

• Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment;

• Safety of Toys;

• etc….



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EMC Regulations and Standards – Europe

CE El t M ti C tibilit (EMC) Di ti 2004/108/EC *** f l

EMC Regulations and Standards – Europe

CE ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Directive 2004/108/EC *** for example:

Product Categories Emissions /

Radio Disturbance Standards

Immunity / Susceptibility

Standards

Audio and Video Equipment EN 55013 EN 55020

Household Appliances , Electric Tools, Toys EN 55014-1 EN 55014-2

Lighting Equipment EN 55015 EN 61547g g q p

Information Technology Equipment EN 55022 EN 55024

Generic Equipment EN 61000-6-3 EN 61000-6-1

*** The main objective of the Directive is to guarantee the free movement of apparatus and to create an acceptable electromagnetic environment in the EEA. In order to achieve it, a harmonised and acceptable level of protection is requested in the Directive.



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Scope of EMC Directive

Th EMC Di ti 2004/108/EC li t t f i t i l t i l d

Scope of EMC Directive

The EMC Directive 2004/108/EC applies to a vast range of equipment encompassing electrical andelectronic appliances, systems and installations.

Eq ipment hich does not contain electrical and/or electronic parts ill not generateEquipment which does not contain electrical and/or electronic parts will not generateelectromagnetic disturbances and its normal operation is not affected by such disturbances. Hence,equipment without electrical and/or electronic parts (inherently benign equipment) is not in thescope of the EMC Directive, such as simple domestic heaters with no controls, thermostat, or fan;headphones loudspeakers without amplification; pocket lamps without active electronic circuitsheadphones, loudspeakers without amplification; pocket lamps without active electronic circuitsand etc.

EMC Directive explicitly excludes three types of equipment:EMC Directive explicitly excludes three types of equipment:

- Radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment covered by R&TTE Directive

- Aeronautical products, parts and appliances

- Equipment covered by other specific Community Directives, such as Motor Vehicles (Directive72/245/EEC and 2004/104/EC), Medical Devices (Directive 93/42/EEC), Marine Equipment(Directive 96/98/EC) and etc.



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New EMC Directive2014/30/EU

The new EMC Directive* (2014/30/EU) has already become effective as published in the Official Journal of the European Union dated 29 March 2014, and as stated in Article 46 of the Directive

2014/30/EU

The existing Directive 2004/108/EC ceases to be applicable as from 20 April 2016

A significant change is that there should only be a single EU Declaration of Conformity (DOC) in respect of all Union acts, applicable/required to ensure y ( ) p , pp qconformity with the requirements for CE-marking. Information of the manufacturer and the product, and the DOC, must be in language easily understood by the destination’s end-users and required by the Member State’s authorities

There are man other ne and to gh req irements e g There are many other new and tough requirements, e.g. 1. Manufacturer is part of the Economic Operators, and therefore shall ensure that their products "have been designed and manufactured in accordance with the essential requirements". (Article 7)

2. In the existing Directive, responsibility lies with "the person who places the products on the Community market", but now the new Directive states: "the manufacturer shall assume responsibility for the e , bu ow e ew ec ve s es: e u c u e s ssu e espo s b y o ecompliance …" (Article 15)

3. Increased control on the competence of Notified Body (Article 31), and inferior Notified Body's service may be unable to be "pan-European" anymore. (Preamble 45)

4. There is a "Union Safeguard Procedure" that „.. all Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the non compliant apparatus is withdrawn from their market“ (Article 39)ensure that the non-compliant apparatus is withdrawn from their market“ (Article 39)

5. As said in the Preamble (37), "one of the conformity assessment procedures requires the intervention of conformity assessment bodies, which are notified by the Member States to the Commission“, this implies the using of NB for an "EC-type examination certificate" is encouraged in the Directive as "Module B": (Annex III Part A).



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6. After using NB, manufacturer can specify the name and ID number of the NB in the "Declaration of Conformity (DOC) " (Annex IV).

New EMC Directive

Th th d t h i t

2014/30/EU

There are many other new and tough requirements, e.g.

1. Manufacturer is part of the Economic Operators, and therefore shall ensure that their products "have been designed and manufactured in accordance with the essential requirements".q

2. In the existing Directive, responsibility lies with "the person who places the products on the Community market", but now the new Directive states: "the manufacturer shall assume responsibility for the compliance … "

3. Increased control on the competence of Notified Body, and inferior Notified Body's service may be unable to be "pan-European" anymore.

4. There is a "Union Safeguard Procedure" that … all Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the non compliant apparatus is withdrawn fromnecessary measures to ensure that the non-compliant apparatus is withdrawn from their market

5. As said in the Preamble, "one of the conformity assessment procedures requires the intervention of conformity assessment bodies, which are notified by the Member y yStates to the Commission, this implies the using of NB for an "EC-type examination certificate" is encouraged in the Directive as "Module B": (Annex III Part A).

6. After using NB, manufacturer can specify the name and ID number of the NB in the "Declaration of Conformity (DOC)" (Annex IV)



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"Declaration of Conformity (DOC)" (Annex IV).

CEN and CENELEC

CEN (E C itt f St d di ti ) d CENELEC (E C itt f

CEN and CENELEC

CEN (European Committee for Standardization) and CENELEC (European Committee forElectrotechnical Standardization) are recognised by the EU as European StandardizationOrganizations responsible for developing and defining standards at European level.

The members of CEN and CENELEC are the National Standards Bodies and NationalElectrotechnical Committees of 33 European countries including all of the EU member states plus 3EFTA countries (Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) as well as 2 EU candidate countries (Turkey andthe former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia).

CEN and CENELEC work to promote the international alignment of standards in the framework oftechnical cooperation agreements with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and thetechnical cooperation agreements with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and theIEC (International Electrotechnical Commission).



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European Standard (EN) Numbering

Th h t t bi f t E St d d i t it b Th b f

European Standard (EN) Numbering

The shortest unambiguous reference to a European Standard is to use its number. The number of aEuropean Standard consists of the capital letters EN followed by a space and a number in arabicnumerals, without any space.

Example

EN 55014-1:2006 (the part number is indicated by a hyphen, the year of availability of the EN isseparated from the number by a colon)p y )

The first two numerals indicate the origin of the standard:

50000 to 59999 CENELEC ti iti i t d di ti k d t k l t E l l- 50000 to 59999 cover CENELEC activities i.e. standardization work undertaken purely at European level.

- 60000 to 69999 refer to the CENELEC implementation of IEC documents with or without changes.



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International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR)

A special committee under International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

CISPR's principal task is at the higher end of the frequency range, from 9 kHz upwards, preparingstandards that offer protection of radio reception from interference sources such as electricalappliances of all types, the electricity supply system, industrial, scientific and electromedical RF,broadcasting receivers (sound and TV) and increasingly IT equipment (ITE)broadcasting receivers (sound and TV) and, increasingly, IT equipment (ITE)

CISPR Basic EMC Standards: CISPR 16 Part 1: Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods

Part 2: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunityy

Part 3: CISPR Technical Reports

Part 4: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling

CISPR Generic EMC Standards: IEC 61000-6-1, 61000-6-2, 61000-6-3, 61000-6-4

CISPR Product EMC Standards: CISPR 11 / 12 / 13 / 14 / 15 / 20 / 22 / 24 / 25 / 32 / 35



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EMC Requirements for Electrical

Ch t 106B T l i ti (C t l f I t f ) R l ti l t

and Electronic Apparatus in HK

Chapter 106B Telecommunications (Control of Interference) Regulations regulates radiated and conducted emissions of the following classes of apparatus :

ApparatusEmissions /

Radio DisturbanceApparatus Radio Disturbance Standards

Ignition apparatus of internal combustion engines CISPR 12

Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment CISPR 13

Household electrical appliances and similarelectrical apparatus, and portable tools

CISPR 14-1

Fluorescent lamps and luminaires CISPR 15

Information technology equipment CISPR 22

EMC Regulatory Provisions in Chapter 106B

Regulates manufacturers suppliers assemblers and importers of electrical and electronic apparatus-Regulates manufacturers, suppliers, assemblers and importers of electrical and electronic apparatus

-Adopted essentially CISPR standards to control the conducted and radiated emission levels

-No immunity requirement is adopted in Chapter 106B



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Amendments to Chapter 106B [coming …]

T f i h k h l i l hi l LED li h d To cater for new apparatus in the market such as electrical vehicles, LED lights and etc.

New apparatus comply with other regional or national standards other than CISPR standards will be considered

T li i h h id l i d d d f h l f li i h To align with the widely recognised standards, for each class of apparatus, compliance with any one of the following standards would be acceptable

- up-to-date CISPR standards

- European harmonised standards (EN standards)European harmonised standards (EN standards)

- National standards of the PRC (GB standards)

- Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) of the USA



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Hong Kong Telecommunications Equipment Evaluation and Certification (HKTEC) Scheme

HKTEC i h f th l ti d tifi ti f T l i ti E i t (TE) HKTEC is a scheme for the evaluation and certification of Telecommunications Equipment (TE) and Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) equipment. TE includes radiocommunications equipment and wireline Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) for connection to the public telecommunications networks in Hong Kong

TE or ISM equipment which has been evaluated to be in compliance with the relevant technical specification may be granted a certificate by a Local Certification Body accredited under section 32E of the Telecommunications Ordinance (Cap. 106) or a Foreign Certification Body recognized pursuant to the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Mutual Recognition g p p gArrangement for Conformity Assessment of Telecommunications Equipment

Under the HKTEC Scheme, radio equipment is classified under the Voluntary Certification Scheme (VCS) or the Compulsory Certification Scheme (CCS)

Classification of Radiocommunications Equipmenthttp://www.ofca.gov.hk/filemanager/ofca/common/Industry/telecom/standard/i401e.pdf [last 2 pages]

Classification of Wireline Customer Premises Equipment http://www.ofca.gov.hk/filemanager/ofca/common/Industry/telecom/standard/i412e.pdf [last page]

List of Certification Bodies http://www.ofca.gov.hk/en/industry_focus/telecommunications/standards/telecom/list_of_certification_bodies/index.html



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EMC Regulations and Standards - Canada

I d t C d I t f C i E i t St d d (ICES)

EMC Regulations and Standards - Canada

Industry Canada, Interference - Causing Equipment Standards (ICES), for example:

ICES-003 - Digital Apparatus

Industry Canada, Radio Standards Specifications (RSS), for example:

RSS210, Low-power Licence-exempt Radiocommunication Devices (All Frequency Bands): Category I Equipment

RSS310 L Li R di i i D i (All RSS310, Low-power Licence-exempt Radiocommunication Devices (All Frequency Bands): Category II Equipment



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EMC Regulations and Standards –

F d l C i ti C i i (FCC) Titl 47 f th C d f

United States

Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR),

for example:

Part 15 Subpart B Unintentional Radiatorsp

Part 15 Subpart C Intentional Radiators

Part 18 Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Equipment



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Equipment Authorization Procedures - FCC

Defined in FCC Part 2, Subpart Jp• Verification, Section 2.902• Declaration of Conformity (DoC), Section 2.906

Certification Section 2 907• Certification, Section 2.907



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FCC - Verification

CFR 47, Part 2, Section 2.902

Verification is a procedure where the manufacturer makes measurements or takes the necessary steps to ensure that the equipment complies with the appropriate technical standards.

Submittal of a sample unit or representative data to the Commission demonstrating compliance is not required unless specifically requested by the C i iCommission.

Verification attaches to all items subsequently marketed by the manufacturer or i hi h id i l d fi d i § 2 908 h l d d f dimporter which are identical as defined in § 2.908 to the sample tested and found acceptable by the manufacturer.



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FCC - Declaration of Conformity


A D l i f C f i i d h h ibl A Declaration of Conformity is a procedure where the responsible party, as defined in § 2.909, makes measurements or takes other necessary steps to ensure that the equipment complies with the appropriate technical standards.

Submittal of a sample unit or representative data to the Commission demonstrating compliance is not required unless specifically requested.

The Declaration of Conformity attaches to all items subsequently marketed by the responsible party which are identical, as defined in § 2.908, to the sample tested and found acceptable by the responsible party



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FCC - Certification


Certification is an equipment authorization issued by the Commission, based on representations and test data submitted by the applicant.

Certification attaches to all units subsequently marketed by the grantee which are identical (see § 2.908) to the sample tested except for permissive changes or other variations authorized by the Commissionother variations authorized by the Commission



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FCC Exempted DevicesFCC – Exempted DevicesCFR 47, Part 15, Section 15.23 Home-built devices

Equipment authorization is not required for devices that are not marketed are not Equipment authorization is not required for devices that are not marketed, are not constructed from a kit, and are built in quantities of five or less for personal use.

CFR 47, Part 15, Section 15.103 Exempted devices, for examples :

(c) A digital device used exclusively as industrial, commercial, or medical test equipment. (refers to 47 CFR, Part 18)

(f) Digital devices that have a power consumption not exceeding 6 nW. (h) Di it l d i i hi h b th th hi h t f t d d th hi h t (h) Digital devices in which both the highest frequency generated and the highest

frequency used are less than 1.705 MHz and which do not operate from the AC power lines or contain provisions for operation while connected to the AC power lines.

Etc…

The operator of the exempted device shall be required to stop operating the device if found causing harmful interferencecausing harmful interference.

Although not mandatory, it is strongly recommended that the manufacturer of an exempted device endeavor to have the device meet the specific technical standards in this part.



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FCC, CFR 47, Part 15 Subpart B

Unintentional RadiatorUnintentional Radiator

Section 15.3 Definitions :-

A device that intentionally generates radio frequency energy for use within theA device that intentionally generates radio frequency energy for use within the device, or that sends radio frequency signals by conduction to associated equipment via connecting wiring, but which is not intended to emit RF energy by radiation or inductioninduction.



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FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Subpart B

Section 15 101 Unintentional Radiator Equipment authorization

FCC, CFR 47, Part 15 Subpart B

Section 15.101 Unintentional Radiator - Equipment authorization

Type of device Equipment authorization required

TV broadcast receiver Verification

FM broadcast receiver Verification

CB receiver Declaration of Conformity or Certification

Superregenerative receiver Declaration of Conformity or Certification

Scanning receiver Certification

All other receivers subject to Part 15 Declaration of Conformity or Certification

TV interface device Declaration of Conformity or Certification

Class B personal computers and peripherals Declaration of Conformity or Certification

CPU boards and internal power supplies used with Class B personal computers Declaration of Conformity or Certification

Class B external switching power supplies Verification

Other Class B digital devices & peripherals Verification

Class A digital devices, peripherals & external switching power supplies Verification



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FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Subpart B o CE Gene ic

Test setup diagram

or CE Generic -Conducted Emissions Test Setup I

Screened Room

Test setup diagram

Mains Input

EUT

50Ω Output

Wooden Table

EUT

EMI Receiver

Ground Plane

0.8mLISN



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FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Subpart B

Test setup photo

or CE Generic -Conducted Emissions Test Setup II

Test setup photo



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FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Subpart B or CE Generic -Radiated Emissions Test Setup I

Test setup diagramTest setup diagram

Computer

Open Area Test Site / Semi-Anechoic Chamber

3m

Pre Amplifier

Computer

EUTPre-Amplifier

Turntable

MeasuringReceiver

Ground Plane



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FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Subpart B or CE Generic -Radiated Emissions Test Setup II

Test setup photoTest setup photo



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Emissions and ImmunityEmissions and Immunity

Any EM noise emission ‘natural’ or ‘man made’ is potentially a disturbance to any other susceptible Any EM noise emission, natural or man-made , is potentially a disturbance to any other susceptible device in the environment. It may either put it out of action or, in many cases a worse problem, cause it to malfunction. So there are two sides to the EMC equation:

source equipment whose controllable emissions must be limited; and equipment needs to have adequate immunity to those disturbances in its environment to which

it is exposed.

EM disturbances may work in more than one direction, disrupting more than one device, or multiple sources may have a cumulative effect on a single piece of equipment. Thus an air traffic control radar may affect the display of a laptop computer being used in an aircraft as well as other vital devices in use on the ground At the same time emissions from the same laptop computer may combine withuse on the ground. At the same time, emissions from the same laptop computer may combine with those from a mobile phone to disturb systems in the aircraft.

On the emissions side of the equation, therefore, the aim of EMC is to ensure that equipment does not disturb other equipment, radio services, power or other networks. On the immunity side, the aim is to ensure that equipment is not affected by, e.g., radio transmissions, mains-borne disturbances, electrostatic fields and other phenomena.



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EMCImmunity Tests - Introduction

EN/IEC 61000-4-2, Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) EN/IEC 61000 4 3 R di F EM Fi ld I it

Immunity Tests Introduction

EN/IEC 61000-4-3, Radio Frequency EM Field Immunity EN/IEC 61000-4-4, Fast Transients Immunity EN/IEC 61000-4-5, Surge Immunity EN/IEC 61000 4 6 Injected Currents Immunity EN/IEC 61000-4-6, Injected Currents Immunity EN/IEC 61000-4-11, Voltage Dips and Short Interruptions Immunity



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EN/IEC 61000-4-2Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)




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EN/IEC 61000-4-3Radio Frequency EM Field Immunity




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EN/IEC 61000-4-4, Fast Transients ImmunityEN/IEC 61000-4-5 Surge ImmunityEN/IEC 61000-4-5, Surge Immunity

EN/IEC 61000-4-11, Voltage Dips and Short Interruptions Immunity




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EN/IEC 61000-4-6,Injected Currents Immunity




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Thank You !

www.stc-group.org



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