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Pearls Are Everywhere But Not The Eyes: Be a talent scout of your swift horse 摩登伯樂: 如何找出孩子的資優面 教育局資優教育組 總課程發展主任 陳沛田

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Page 1: Pearls Are Everywhere But Not The Eyes: Be a talent scout of your … Are Everywhere But Not... · 2010-11-29 · Pearls Are Everywhere But Not The Eyes: Be a talent scout of your

Pearls Are Everywhere But Not The Eyes: Be a talent scout of your swift horse

摩登伯樂: 如何找出孩子的資優面

教育局資優教育組

總課程發展主任

陳沛田

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與眾樂

•每一小組將獲發一些圖片

•請討論並將圖片分成以下類別:

•水果

•蔬菜

•不能分類

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與眾分享

•各組分享各自將圖片分類的情況

= 10 分鐘

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小結

•對某些圖片大家有相當程度/明顯的共識

•某些圖片卻有爭議性,因為:

•各人對水果/蔬菜的定義有不同的理解及詮釋

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番茄 - 蔬菜?水果?

•植物學的觀點 - 水果

:開花植物成熟的子房,內藏種子

•園藝學的觀點 - 蔬菜

:水果是多年生的植物,但番茄是一年生的

•法律觀點 - 蔬菜

:1893美國法庭頒報將番茄定為蔬菜以便徵收稅款,避免平價外地番茄湧入,保障本地農民利益

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那些是資優生?

“Giftedness is something we invent (it is a construct). It is what one society or another wants it to be, and hence its conceptualisation can change over time and place.”

資賦優異是人類自創的一個“構念”。基於不同社群的意向,這個“構念”會隨時間及地區而改變。

R. J. Sternberg & J. E. Davidson

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人類的才能

於不同的

•民族

•文化

•時代

有不同的意義及重視

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傳統定義:IQ 130或以上 (早期較狹窄的看法)

13010070 IQ

2σ(σ = 15)

IQ 130以上少於3%人口

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人類的才能

禮:禮節(德育)

樂:音樂

射:射箭技術

御:駕馭馬車的技術

書:書法

算:算法

孔子授徒 – 六藝 (禮、樂、射、御、書、算)

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任汝理資優三環理論Renzulli’s Three-Ring Model

中上的智能 創造的能力

資賦優異

學習的熱忱

人類的才能

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人類的才能

斯騰伯格 – 智力三元論

• 分析智力(Analytical intelligence) - 於記憶、辨別、分析、判斷、從而找出問題答案的能力

• 創造智力(Creative intelligence) - 於從經驗中得到啟發與領悟,從而形成個人的創造性能力

• 實踐智力(Practical intelligence) - 因應環境需要而隨機應變的能力

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人類的才能

迦納 – 智力多元論

•語文智能

•邏輯數學智能

•空間智能

•音樂智能

• 肢體動作智能

• 人際智能

• 內省智能

• 自然觀察者智能

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Gagne’s Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent (DMGT)

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有系統的學習及培訓

Talents

蓬勃發展

浪費

環境因素

個人內在的因素資優潛質

資優行為或表現

Gifts

每一個學生都有某些資優潛質

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陳龍安教授對「資優 」特質的口訣

1. 愛

2. 多

3. 早

4. 久

5. 快

6. 強

7. 活

8. 廣

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正面行為 特質 負面行為

活潑機靈

情感豐富

富幽默感

興趣廣泛

獨特見解

愛尋根究柢

富有創意

原則性強

思路敏捷

專注力高

觀察敏銳

富好奇心

重視公平

積極投入 過度活躍

關心別人 情緒化/多愁善感

樂觀開朗 愛挖苦人

熱衷學習 無聊心散

有主見 不守規矩喜歡學習 挑戰權威

靈活變通 不合群

有主見 專橫霸道

反應靈巧 不耐煩

學習效果高 沉迷

愛挑毛病心思慎密

學習動機高 缺乏專注富正義感 憤世嫉俗

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不同文化對資優的看法

• 在烏來泰雅族傳統社會,織布是婦

女必備技能,據說,能織出複雜花紋

是真正的女人,否則會被譏笑為

(斧頭很遲鈍)!

• 澳洲艾麗斯斯普林斯鎮原住民傳統

觀念中更重視讓孩子在與大自然博弈/搏鬥的過程中學會獨立生活的技能,

而不是讀書或受教育

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教統會第四號報告書 (1990)

在以下一方面 或多方面有突出成就或潛能的兒童

(一) 智力經測定屬高水平;

(二) 在某一學科有特強的資質;

(三) 有獨創性思考;

(四) 在繪畫、戲劇、舞蹈、音樂等視覺及藝術方面特有天份

(五) 有領導同輩的天賦才能;

(六) 在競技、機械技能或體能的協調有特出的天份。

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成年人的世界

•傳統的中國人社群/家長較看重語文與邏輯數學方面的成就- 重視 “讀書叻”

•依據傳統價值觀為孩子決定他們要哪些智能

•忽略孩子真正的資優面

•孩子在音樂、美術、體育、人際關係與內省等方面的發展﹖

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停一停 想一想

•每個孩子都是一個獨特的個體﹖

•全人教育﹖

•因材施教﹖

•天生我才必有用﹖

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•關注答案 •關注問題

•專注讀書 •對事物好奇

•建構抽象意念•吸收新知識

•享受與同齡朋輩一起 •享受與年長朋輩一起

•準確模仿 •精於創造

•傾向接受新知識 •傾向批判新知識

•經過3-8次操作才能掌握 •重複1-2次操作便能掌握

成績好 = 資優生?

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成績好 = 資優生 ?

• 記憶力好

• 輕鬆學習

• 聽話

• 自我滿足

• 喜歡同齡兒童

•推理能力強

•覺得無聊: 早就知到答案

•情緒強烈, 意見很多

•對自我要求很高 (完美主義者)

•喜歡大人或年紀較大兒童

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水果/蔬菜與資優

未發展的階段

發展中的階段

顯現的階段

隱藏的階段

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家長–伯樂 - 發掘孩子才能的秘訣

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家長–伯樂 - 發掘孩子才能的秘訣

•留意孩子選擇的遊戲

•容讓孩子在安全情況下犯錯

•作孩子的忠實聆聽者(孩子所關注的跟他的天分很有關連)

•容讓孩子有 “發白日夢” 的時間

•鼓勵孩子思考他的將來(支持他對未來的憧憬)

•給予孩子多元的選擇 (強化其意志及動機,有助察覺隱藏的天分)

•鼓勵孩子挑戰難度(認清自己的能力及限制)

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家長–伯樂 - 發掘孩子才能的秘訣

•不要過早將孩子定型

•不要過早就孩子所作的事下判斷

•不要因孩子的性別定型

•不要把孩子跟別人比較

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什果啫喱與資優班

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鮮菠蘿啫喱!?

Bromelain 鳳梨酵素

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興趣/能力 – 課程

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興趣

天賦

支持

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香港資優教育政策

診斷治療取向 (Diagnosis and Treat Approach)

培育取向 (Education-provision Approach)

「資優教育普及化、普及教育資優化」

全球化的政策取向

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昔 今

高智商 多元智能

找出誰是資優、誰不是資優(他/她是資優嗎?)

發展每位兒童能力中「資優」面(他/她在那些方面資優?)

不需刻意引導 需要後天協助發展以充分發展全貌的優異天賦

需於指定時間作正式評估 持續性評估

只由專家提供的測驗去甄別 可由專家學者、老師、家長及同儕觀察推薦並檢附具體資料

學業主導 學習主導

資優概念的今與昔

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三層架構推行模式

IA資優三元素

滲入各個學習範疇

IIC認知及情意訓練、研究、溝通技巧等

IID學科/範疇內容、特殊專門課題、學術性研究

IB調適學科課程內容

(增潤、伸展、新穎內容)

III特別教育服務/校外支援

第三層次:校外支援

第二層次:抽離式(校本)

第一層次:全班式(校本)

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第一層次 第二 三層次

發掘人才:

浮尖

(Talent Search)

培養人才:展才

(Talent Development)

Ability + opportunities/support + motivation = high achievement (Eyre 1998)

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校本資優教育

家長參與發展每個學生的潛能

照顧個別差異

學校發展

校長教師專業發展

專業支援

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資優教育普及化:提升學生的資優面

採用多元智能概念:資優不局限於智優或績優

因材施教:學校自訂機制甄選學生參加校本資優培育課程

運用校本增益或延伸活動:課程和學生無需標籤為「資優」

香港資優教育原則

呼應學校教育目標

發掘及培育學生的潛能,貢獻社會- Man for others

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Advocating diverse opportunities for gifted students

Acceleration fast learning pace 加速

Extension advanced thinking skill 加深

Enrichment broad knowledge bases and interest 加廣

Differentiation learner diversity 適異性課程

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OFF-SITE

ENRICHMEN

T

HKAGE Program

mesCLASS or GROUP

LEVELGeneric and subject-specific

pull-out

Challenging and balanced learning opportunities

Flexible grouping

Differentiation in KLAs

EDB Support

SCHOOL ORGANISATION LEVELUsing school ethos to develop GE policy

Resources allocationWhole-school approach with a core task group as

driversSchool-wide enrichment approach (eg Talent Pool)

Engaging parents as co-educatorsCounseling and guidance support

Challenging and balanced learning programmesForms of acceleration

SYSTEMIC LEVELConducive environment support S-B development

Funding and support provided (eg DLG)Provision of guidelines and exemplary curriculum resources

PDP for teachers with different rolesPartnerships with the community to offer wide range of learning

opportunities

Level 3 Provision

Levels 1 & 2Provision

2%

0f students……

……

……

…..

100%

of students

Learner Diversity: Opportunities for Gifted Students in Schools

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識別及培育

語言

•閱讀、小說/散文/詩歌創作、撰寫評論 (社評/影評 …) 、參加演講會、研討會、辯論會

數理

•實驗、棋藝活動、研究各類型的商業宣傳廣告分析所包含的數據資料、應用/編電腦軟件解決問題

領導

•組織活動小組、社區探訪、義工服務、司儀訓練班

音樂 /運動

•合唱團、作曲/歌/詞、隊制運動、舞蹈班、舞術班

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合理適切的期望

我想是時候讓BB 開始學習用電腦了,因為他已經曉得說“ Google”

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我認字所以這樣差全是爸媽的遺傳,他們從少到大就只看 “老夫子” ﹗

父母與子女 – 遺傳與身教

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一些建議 (extracted from our PDPs for teachers)• The conceptions of giftedness have evolved over the years and from a single

conception of high IQ to a more diverse one which includes different types of abilities/gifts. Many are still struggling with the idea of absolute giftedness. The question that is so often asked is “is the child really gifted?” And “what is the evidence?” If there is no quantitative measurement such as a number 130 or above, people find it hard to accept.

In fact many would argue over the conceptions or even the need to have one. Gallagher (1996) writes,

“we should admit that “gifted” is a constructed concept……..Every concept that we use to describe human beings is a constructed concept. Is giftedness an educationally useful construct? That is the important question.”

The advice to schools is not to be overly zealous in defining who is in and who is out, who is gifted and who isn’t. Every school will have students of different abilities and its fair share of high-ability students, and the question to ask is “what is the school providing for the high-ability students in each domain/ subject?” For a start, typically the top 10% of the cohort for a particular area of study should be given some form of differentiated curriculum or enrichment to stretch them in their area of strength.

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建立支援系統

•訂定校內支援機制 (融入現行機制、周年/三年計畫)

•聯絡有關統籌、支援小組/部門

•善用現有的可用資源(如「學校發展津貼」 、「多元學習津貼」)

•善用社區及可網絡的資源 (尤其家長、舊生)

•區內組織資優教育聯網

•設立資優教育資源

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策略總結:

校長領導 – 方向資源

老師支持 – 共同期望

先鋒小組 – 開發實踐

廣泛推廣 – 校董會、老師、家長、同學、社會

行政調配、支援、協調

環境 (氣氛) + 領導 + 嘗試 + 支援 = ?

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校本資優課程之策動及推展流程圖

支援系統 課程計劃 宣 傳 培 訓

專責小組

對象、目標及策略

評估及反思

理 念

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聯絡

3698 3472 2490 6858

[email protected]

EDB http://www.edb.gov.hk/cd/ge

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Thank you 謝謝.

Contact me at:3698 3470 (direct)

[email protected]

Through lunches, informal gathering, visits etc.