pearson3 ppt ch01 aida

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Chapter 1Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION TO HUMANINTRODUCTION TO HUMANCOMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION



Chapter 1 ObjectivesChapter 1 Objectives

State reasons why the study of communication is essentialDefine communication

Explain some principles of communication

aso/Chapter 1/July - November 2009



Chapter 1Chapter 1 ObjectivesObjectives— —cont.cont.

Explain the differences between the fourcommunication contextsDefine communication competence

Name the tenets of the NCA Credo onEthics




Studying Communication Can…Studying Communication Can…Improve the way you see yourself Improve the way others see youIncrease what you know about humanrelationships

Teach you important life skillsHelp you exercise your rights to freedom of speech

Help you succeed professionallyHelp you navigate our diverse world




What is Communication?What is Communication?

messages to generate

meaning




What is Communication?What is Communication?Process◦ Activity, exchange or set of behaviors that

occurs over timeMessages

◦ er a an nonver a sym o s, s gns, anbehaviorsMeaning◦ Understanding of the message




Components of CommunicationComponents of CommunicationPeoplePeople are the parties involved in thecommunication. Individuals serve as both thesource (message initiator) and the receiver of the

Example: the speaker initiates the communication(source) and the audience listen to the speech(receiver).




Components of CommunicationComponents of CommunicationThe message

◦ The verbal or nonverbal form of the idea,thought, or feeling that one person (the source)wishes to communicate to another person

◦ Example: A message includes the symbols (words andphrases) used to communicate the ideas as well as thefacial expressions, bodily movements, gestures, physicalcontact and other nonverbal codes.




Components of CommunicationComponents of CommunicationThe channel

◦ The means by which a message moves from thesource to the receiver of the message. Alsocalled medium.

◦ xamp e: oun waves, ra o , soun wave anlight waves (conversation) that enable the receiverto hear and see us.




Components of CommunicationComponents of Communication

Feedback◦ The receiver’s verbal and nonverbal response to

the source’s message.“ ,

what you mean” (verbal response) and at thesame time nods his head (non-verbal response)




Components of CommunicationComponents of CommunicationCodeA systematic arrangement of symbols used

to create meanings in the mind of anotherperson/s.◦ Example: words, phrases, time, clothing, etc.; Verbal and

nonverbal codes

• Verbal codes – symbols and theirgrammatical arrangement, such aslanguages. Example: Malay or English language

• Nonverbal codes- all symbols that are notwords, including bodily movements, use of space and time, clothing and adornments,and sounds other than words.




Components of CommunicationComponents of CommunicationEncoding & decoding• Encoding – the process of translating an idea or

thought into a code.◦ Example: You wanted to ask a friend to help you buy a

piece of cloth. Putting your idea into words (verbal code)“ ”,

• Decoding – the process of assigning meaning tothe idea or thought in a code.

• Example: Your friend from the above example assign her

own meaning to your message and bought you a piece of cotton cloth with small flowery print in pink because sheknows that is your favorite color.




Components of CommunicationComponents of CommunicationNoise◦ Any interference in the encoding and

decoding process that reduces the clarity of a message.

◦ xamp e: ys ca no se suc as ou soun s, stract ngsights such as a piece of food between someone’s frontteeth; or an unusual behavior such as someone standingtoo close for comfort.




Communication PrinciplesCommunication Principles

Communication

egins wit t eself




Communication PrinciplesCommunication PrinciplesCommunicationinvolves others◦ Communication itself is a dialogic

rocess. We need to communicate

with other people when conveying ourmessages.

◦ For example: A competentcommunicator needs to consider theother person’s needs and expectationswhen selecting messages to share.




Communication PrinciplesCommunication PrinciplesCommunication has both a content and arelational dimensionThe content dimension of communication refers

to the substance/main focus/the expectedbehavior among the communicators.The relational dimension refers to therelationships among communicators and this will

interpreted.


◦ For example : A teacher tells a student to please arrange the chairs in theclassroom. The content dimension – arrange the chair in the classroom whilethe relational dimension is teacher and student, thus the statement is seen as

an instruction by the student and needs to be carried out. On the otherhand, if the same statement is received from a friend, there is a probabilitythat it will be seen as a remark instead of an instruction .



Communication PrinciplesCommunication PrinciplesCommunication iscomplicated◦ Not just a simple matter of passing

information from one source toanother

◦

aspects of the message – the verbal,nonverbal, behavioral, characteristicsof speakers

◦ For example: Raju comes from a different

background and not used to the situationof telling everyone how he feels. He mayfeel that it is not important for Mei Ling toknow what the problem is.




Communication PrinciplesCommunication PrinciplesCommunication is…◦ Inevitable

Means communication cannot be avoided andoccurs almost every minute of our lives


For example: Even though Nurul remains silent, she maystill be communicating nonverbally.



Communication PrinciplesCommunication PrinciplesCommunication is…◦ Irreversible◦ Communication cannot be reversed in a situation when you have

accidentally or intentionally hurt the feelings of the other person.You may say sorry but that will only serve to minimize the impacto your nsu , u e nsu w s ay n e m n o you an eother person.


◦ For example : You tell your best friend that she is stupidwhile you were arguing with her. You may regret it later

and apologize but the message will still be with yourfriend forever.



Communication PrinciplesCommunication PrinciplesCommunication is…◦ Unrepeatable

Communication cannot be repeated means we cannotrecreate the same situation as the first time wecommunication. The messa e ma still be the same

but the time, ambience; the facial expression willnever be the same.◦ For example: The first time you hear a joke will not have the

same impact if you were to hear the joke again the next time.




Communication ContextsCommunication Contexts

A set of circumstances or a situation

Affects your choice of the mostappropriate channels and codes




Factors in the ContextFactors in the Context

Number of people

Degree of formality or intimacy

Need for pre-structuring messages

Roles of the people




Intrapersonal CommunicationIntrapersonal CommunicationThe process of using messages to

generate meaning within the self For example: Thinking to


during lunch time today.

Benefits of intrapersonal communication.

a. May help individual makes decisions

about oneself b. May help individual to analyze oneself



Interpersonal CommunicationInterpersonal CommunicationThe process of using messages togenerate meaning between at least twopeople in a situation that allows mutualopportunities for both speaking and

sten ng.


Example: Two good friendsdiscussing about a personal

problem.



Interpersonal CommunicationInterpersonal Communication

Dyadic communication is theprocess of using messages togenerate meaning between twopeople in a situation that allowsmutual opportunities for bothspeaking and listening.


Small groupcommunication is the process of using messages to generatemeaning between three or more

people in a situation that allowsmutual opportunities for bothspeaking and listening.



Public CommunicationPublic CommunicationThe process of using messages to generatemeanings in a situation where a single sourcetransmits a message to a number of receivers


For example: When you speakto a group of audience (lectureclass) in an attempt to achieve

maximum understanding



Mass CommunicationMass CommunicationThe process of using messages to generate

meanings in a mediated system, between asource and a large number of receivers


For example: When watchinga TV show, the signals are goingfrom the broadcast studio to a

satellite and then from thatsystem to your TV set



ComputerComputer- -MediatedMediatedCommunicationCommunicationHuman communication and the sharing of

information through communication networks


For example: E-mail andinstant messages serve as themessage while humans

continue to serve as the sourceor receiver of those messages

pearson3 ppt ch01 aida

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