pemaknaan generasi milenialterhadap berita
TRANSCRIPT
PEMAKNAAN GENERASI MILENIALTERHADAP
BERITA #2019GANTIPRESIDEN: STUDI RESEPSI
TERHADAP BERITA #2019GANTIPRESIDEN DI
MEDIA ONLINE LIPUTAN6.COM
SKRIPSI
Diajukan guna Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh
Gelar Sarjana Ilmu Komunikasi (S.I.Kom.)
William Widjaja
00000011174
PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KOMUNIKASI
FAKULTAS ILMU KOMUNIKASI
UNIVERSITAS MULTIMEDIA NUSANTARA
TANGERANG
2020
v
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................. i
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ............................................................................. ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. iii
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... x
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................ 8
1.3 Pertanyaan Penelitian ....................................................................................... 8
1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................. 8
1.5 Kegunaan Penelitian ........................................................................................ 8
1.5.1 Kegunaan Akademis ........................................................................ 8
1.5.2 Kegunaan Praktis ............................................................................. 9
1.5.3 Kegunaan Sosial ............................................................................... 9
1.6 Keterbatasan Penelitian .................................................................................... 9
vi
BAB II KERANGKA TEORI ........................................................................... 10
2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ...................................................................................... 10
2.2 Teori dan Konsep ........................................................................................... 15
2.2.1 Studi Resepsi ………………………………………...................... 15
2.2.2 Khalayak Aktif ............................................................................... 21
2.2.3 Tipologi Khalayak Aktif ................................................................ 23
2.2.4 Media Online dan Jurnalisme Online ............................................. 25
2.3 Alur Penelitian ............................................................................................... 28
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................ 29
3.1 Paradigma Penelitian ...................................................................................... 29
3.2 Jenis dan Sifat Penelitian ............................................................................... 30
3.3 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................... 32
3.4 Key Informan ................................................................................................. 33
3.5 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................. 34
3.6 Keabsahan Data .............................................................................................. 37
3.7 Teknik Analisis Data ...................................................................................... 38
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................. 41
4.1 Subjek Penelitian dan Unit Penelitian ............................................................ 41
4.1.1 Gambaran Umum Liputan6.com .................................................... 42
4.1.2 Informan I ……............................................................................... 43
4.1.3 Informan II ..................................................................................... 47
4.1.4 Informan III .................................................................................... 50
vii
4.1.5 Informan IV..................................................................................... 53
4.1.6 Informan V …................................................................................. 56
4.2 Hasil Penelitian............................................................................................... 59
4.2.1 Hasil Analisis Framing Berita Liputan6.com................................. 59
4.2.2 Pemaknaan Pesan Berita #2019GantiPresiden di Liputan6.com… 66
4.2.3 Pemaknaan Berita Liputan6.com mengenai #2019GantiPresiden
oleh FA…………………………………….................................. 69
4.2.4 Pemaknaan Berita Liputan6.com mengenai #2019GantiPresiden
oleh IN…………….……………………..................................... 72
4.2.5 Pemaknaan Berita Liputan6.com mengenai #2019GantiPresiden
oleh NP……………………...…………….................................. 74
4.2.6 Pemaknaan Berita Liputan6.com mengenai #2019GantiPresiden
oleh VD…………………………………..................................... 75
4.3 Pembahasan .................................................................................................... 78
4.3.1 Posisi Resepsi FA terhadap Berita Liputan6.com ………….......... 80
4.3.2 Posisi Resepsi IN terhadap Berita Liputan6.com ........................... 83
4.3.3 Posisi Resepsi NP terhadap Berita Liputan6.com .......................... 87
4.3.4 Posisi Resepsi VD terhadap Berita Liputan6.com …………......... 90
4.3.5 Tabel Posisi Resepsi Informan terhadap Berita Liputan6.com ….. 93
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................... 96
5.1 Simpulan ........................................................................................................ 96
5.2 Saran Akademis ..............................................................................................99
5.3 Saran Praktis ...................................................................................................99
viii
DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................ 100
LAMPIRAN A
LAMPIRAN B
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
ix
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................... 12
Tabel 4.2 Unit Analisis Framing Berita Liputan6.com…………….................... 63
Tabel 4.3 Posisi Resepsi Informan terhadap Berita ……………….................... 93
x
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Screenshot Halaman Utama Liputan6.com………............................. 5
Gambar 2.2 Model Encoding/ Decoding Stuart Hall ……………....................... 15
Bagan 2.3 Alur Penelitian………………...……………...................................... 27
Bagan 3.7 Teknik Analisis Data Model Interaktif……….................................... 39
Gambar 4.1 Logo Liputan6.com……………………………............................... 42
xi
PEMAKNAAN GENERASI MILENIALTERHADAP BERITA
#2019GANTIPRESIDEN: STUDI RESEPSI TERHADAP BERITA
#2019GANTIPRESIDEN DI MEDIA ONLINE LIPUTAN6.COM
ABSTRAK
Oleh: William Widjaja
Di abat ke-21 ini, media dipermudah dengan adanya jurnalisme online yang
memungkinkan masyarakat mengakses media online secara cepat dan mudah.
Menurut Lancaster & Stillman (2002 dalam Putra, 2016, p. 125) generasi Y
termasuk generasi milenial (lahir dari tahun 1981-1999). Menurut survey APJII,
49,54 % pengguna internet di Indonesia berumur 19-34 tahun dan 29,55% berusia
35-54 tahun (APJII, 2018, p.11). Menurut Lancester & Stillman (2002 dalam Putra,
2016, p. 128) generasi milenial memiliki sikap yang realistis dan sangat menghargai
perbedaan berpendapat. Penelitian kulitatif deskriptif ini meneliti gerakan
#2019GantiPresiden yang diberitakan oleh Liputan6.com menggunakan model
analisis resepsi. Data diperoleh melalui analisis framing, wawancara mendalam satu
orang informan yang membuat berita #2019GantiPresiden oleh Liputan6.com dan
wawancara mendalam empat orang informan generasi milenial yang berasal dari
berbagai latar belakang budaya, pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang berbeda-beda.
kedua data tersebut dianalisis menurut model encoding/decoding Stuart Hall untuk
mengetahui posisi informan dalam memaknai berita yang terbagi menjadi dominant
reading, negotiated reading dan oppositional reading. Hasil penelitian ini
menunjukkan bahwa dalam memaknai berita Liputan6.com, satu orang di posisi
negotiated reading, satu orang di posisi negotiated reading dan dua orang di posisi
oppositional reading. Selain itu, latar belakang budaya, latar belakang pengalaman
dan latar belakang pengetahuan berpengaruh dalam menentukan posisi khalayak.
Kata kunci: Media Online, Liputan6.com, #2019GantiPresiden, Generasi
Milenial, Analisis resepsi
xii
THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE MILLENNIAL GENERATION
TOWARDS NEWS #2019GANTIPRESIDEN: STUDY OF
RECEPTION ON #2019GANTIPRESIDEN NEWS REPRESENTS
IN ONLINE MEDIA LIPUTAN6.COM
ABSTRACT
By: William Widjaja
In this 21st century, the media is made easy by the existence of online
journalism that allows people to access online media quickly and easily. According
to Lancaster & Stillman (2002 in Putra, 2016, p. 125), the Y generation includes
millennial generation (born from 1981-1999). According to the APJII survey,
49.54% of internet users in Indonesia are 19-34 years and 29.55% access 35-54
years (APJII, 2018, p.11). According to Lancester & Stillman (2002 in Putra, 2016,
p. 128) millennials have a realistic attitude and highly value differences of opinion.
This descriptive qualitative research examines the #2019GantiPresiden movement
reported by Liputan6.com using reception analysis. The data obtained through
framing analysis, in-depth interviews with one informant who made news
#2019GantiPresiden by Liputan6.com and in-depth interviews of four millennial
generation informants who came from various cultural backgrounds, knowledge,
and experiences. Both data are analyzed according to Stuart Hall's
encoding/decoding model to determine the position of the informant in interpreting
the news which is divided into dominant reading, negotiated reading, and
oppositional reading. The results of this study indicate that in interpreting the
Liputan6.com news, one person is in the negotiated reading position, one person is
in the negotiated reading position and two people are in the oppositional reading
position. In addition, cultural background, experience background and knowledge
background influential in determining the position of the audience.
Key Words: Online Media, Liputan6.com, #2019GantiPresiden,
Millennial Generation, Reception Analysis.