pengaruh praktek kewirausahaan dan kreativitas …eprints.ums.ac.id/69282/11/halaman...
TRANSCRIPT
PENGARUH PRAKTEK KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN
KREATIVITAS WIRAUSAHA TERHADAP MINDSET
WIRAUSAHA PADA MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIAYAH
SURAKARTA ANGKATAN 2015
Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan
pada Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi
Diajukan Oleh:
Anisya’u Niswah
A210140054
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN AKUNTANSI
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
November, 2018
ii
28
iii
iv
v
MOTTO
الا ها فسا إله وسعا نا لف للاه يكا
“Allah tidak membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai kesanggupannya…”
(Terjemahan Q.S. al Baqarah :286)
‘Angkat layar dengan tangan Anda yang lebih kuat’, artinya Anda harus mengejar
peluang yang muncul dalam kehidupan dengan kemampuan Anda yang paling Anda
kuasai
(Soichiro Honda)
“Cobalah untuk tidak menjadi orang sukses, melainkan mencoba menjadi orang yang
berharga”
(Albert Einstein)
“Tahap tertinggi dalam budaya moral adalah ketika kita menyadari bahwa kita
seharusnya mengendalikan pikiran kita”
(Charles Darwin)
“Modal terbesar dalam hidup yaitu dirimu sendiri, tekat kuat, nekat.lakukan tapi tetap
bermartabat”
vi
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN
Ungkapan rasa syukur Alhamdulillah saya haturkan kepada Allah SWT atas berkah
rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga tugas akhir ini dapat terselasaikan dengan baik dan
lancar. Karya ini saya persembahkan kepada:
1. Orang tua yang sangat saya sayangi, bapak Salamun dan ibu Hari Suprapti.
Trimakasih atas segala do’a, kasih saying, perlindungan, nasehat, dorongan
semangat, dan motivasinya sehingga saya dapat menjadi hingga sekarang ini.
2. Semua saudara yang sangat saya sayangi terima kasihatas dukungan, nasehat, rasa
sayang, dan motivasi yang telah diberikan selama ini.
3. Seluruh dosen pengajar di jurusan Pendidikan Akuntansi Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta terimakasih atas semua ilmu, bimbingan, pengalaman,
dan kebersamaan yang telah diberikan kepada saya.
4. Teman dan sahabat semuanya terimakasih atas kebersamaan, pengalaman, dan
semangat yang telah diberikan.
5. Almamater saya Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta yang kubanggakan dan
telah memberikan kesempatan untuk saya menimba ilmu.
vii
ABSTRAK
Anisya’u Niswah / A210140054. Pengaruh Praktek Kewirausahaan dan
Kreativitas Wirausaha Terhadap Mindset Wirausaha pada Mahasiswa
Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas
Muhammadiayah Surakarta Angkatan 2015. Skripsi.Fakultas Keguruan dan
Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.Oktober 2018.
Tujuan penelitian: 1) pengaruh praktek kewirausahaan terhadap mindset wirausaha;
2) pengaruh ketrampilan wirausaha terhadap mindset wirausaha; dan 3) pengaruh
praktek kewirausahaan dan ketrampilan wirausaha terhadap mindset wirausaha.
Penelian ini menggunakan metode asosiatif kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini
adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi FKIP UMS angkatan 2015 dengan jumlah
140 mahasiswa dengan sampel sebanyak 100 mahasiswa. Data diperoleh dengan
angket dan dokumentasi yang diuji coba menggunakan uji validitas dan uji
reliabilitas. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regrasi berganda, uji t, uji F,
uji R2, sumbangan relatif, dan sumbangan efektif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah:
1) berdasarkan hasil hasil analisis regresi memperoleh nilai thitung> ttabel yaitu
3,963>2,000 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000<0,05, artinya secara signifikan ada
pengaruh antara praktek kewirausahaan terhadap mindset wirausaha; 2) berdasarkan
hasil analisis regresi memperoleh nilai thitung> ttabel yaitu 3,022>2,000 dengan nilai
signifikansi 0,003<0,05, artinya secara signifikan ada pengaruh ketrampilan
wirausaha terhadap mindset wirausaha; 3) berdasarkan hasil hasil analisis regresi
memperoleh nilai Fhitung>Ftabel yaitu 39,265>3,15 dengan nilai signifikansi
0,000<0,05, artinya secara signifikan ada pengaruh praktek kewirausahaan dan
ketrampilan wirausaha terhadap mindset wirausaha; 4) koefisien regresi praktek
kewirausahaan sebesar 0,371 dengan sumbangang relatif dan efektif sebesar 59,42%
dan 23,47%, sedangkan koefisien regresi ketrampilan wirausaha sebesar 0,257
dengan sumbangang relatife dan efektif sebesar 40,58% dan 16,03%; 5) hasil
perhitungan R2 diperoleh 0,395, berarti bahwa mindset wirausaha dipengaruhi oleh
praktek kewirausahaan dan kreativitas wirausaha sebesar 39,5%, sisanya 60,5%
dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
Kata kunci: kreativitas wirausaha, mindset wirausaha praktek kewirausahaan.
viii
ABSTRACT
Anisya'u Niswah / A210140054. The Influence of Entrepreneurship Practices
and Entrepreneurial Creativity on Entrepreneurial Mindset in Accounting
Education Students in the Teaching and Education Faculty of Surakarta
Muhammadiayah University, Class of 2015. Thesis. Faculty of Teacher Training
and Education at Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta 2018.
October Objective: 1) the influence of entrepreneurial practice on the entrepreneur
mindset; 2) the influence of entrepreneurial skills on the mindset entrepreneur; and
3) the influence of entrepreneurial practices and entrepreneurial skills on the
mindset entrepreneurial. This research uses quantitative associative methods. The
population of this study was the 2015 UMS FKIP Accounting Education students
with 140 students with a sample of 100 students. Data obtained by questionnaire
and documentation were tested using validity test and reliability test. Data analysis
techniques used multiple regression analysis, t test, F test, R2
test, relative
contribution, and effective contribution. The conclusions of this study are: 1) based
on the results of the regression analysis obtained the value of tcount > ttable which is
3.963 > 2,000 with a significance value of 0,000 < 0.05, meaning that there is
significant influence between entrepreneurial practice on the entrepreneur mindset;
2) based on the results of the regression analysis obtained the value of tcount > ttable
which is 3.022 > 2,000 with a significance value of 0.003 < 0.05, meaning that there
is significant influence of entrepreneurial skills on the mindset entrepreneurial; 3)
based on the results of the regression analysis obtained Fcount > Ftable that is 39.265 >
3.15 with a significance value of 0,000 < 0.05, meaning significantly there is the
influence of entrepreneurial practice and entrepreneurial skills on the mindset
entrepreneurial; 4) the regression coefficient of entrepreneurial practice is 0.371
with relative and effective contribution of 59.42% and 23.47%, while the regression
coefficient of entrepreneurial skills is 0.257 with relative and effective contribution
of 40.58% and 16.03%; 5) the calculation of the R2 obtained 0.395, meaning that
the mindset is entrepreneurial influenced by the practice of entrepreneurship and
entrepreneurial creativity at 39.5%, the remaining 60.5% is influenced by other
variables.
Keywords: entrepreneurial creativity, mindset entrepreneurial, entrepreneurial
practice.
ix
KATA PENGANTAR
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Alhamdulillahirabbil’alamin, puji dan syukur atas kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah
melimpahkan rahmat, hidayah, dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyusun dan
menyelsaikan skripsi dengan baik dan lancar serta berjudul “Pengaruh Praktek
Kewirausahaan dan Kreativitas Wirausaha Terhadap Mindset Wirausaha pada
Mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Muhammadiayah Surakarta Angkatan 2015”. Skripsi ini disusun untuk
memenuhi sebagian syarat dalam memperoleh gelar Sarjana Pendidikan S-1 pada
Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan
Universutas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Penyusunan skripsi ini tidak lepas dari bantuan dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak.
Pada kesempatan kali ini penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:
1. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, S.E., M.Hum., Dekan Fakultas Keguruan dan
Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta yang berkenan
memberikan ijin dalam penyusunan skripsi ini.
2. Prof. Dr. Harsono, SU., Ketua Prodi Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas
Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiya Surakarta yang telah
bersedia membantu dalam perijinan dan kegiatan belajar mengajar.
3. Drs. Sudarto, M.M., Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi yang telah memberikan
semangat, masukan, saran, dan bimbingan selaman menempuk perkuliahan.
4. Dr. Djalal Fuadi, M.M., Dosen Pembimbing Skripsi yang telah memberikan
banyak masukan, saran, dan bimbingan selama proses penyusunan skripsi ini.
5. Segenap dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi Fakultas Keguruan dan
Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiya Surakarta yang telah mendidik dan
memberikan ilmu yang bermanfaat.
x
6. Seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi angkatan 2015
Universitas Muhammadiya Surakarta yang telah bersedia menjadi responden
dalam skripsi ini.
7. Semua pihak yang tidak mungkin penulis sebutkan satu persatu yang telah
membantu dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
Semoga semua bantuan dan dukungan yang telah diberikan akan mendapat imbalan
dari Allah SWT. Penulis sangat menyadari bahwa skripsi masih sangat jauh dari kata
sempurna untuk itu saran dan kritik sangan penulis harapkan untuk kesempurnaan
skripsi ini. Semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bukan hanya bagi penulis sendiri
melainkan juga demi pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan.
Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, 02 Oktober 2018
Penulis
xi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN SAMPUL
HALAMAN JUDUL ············································································· i
HALAMAN PENRNYATAAN ································································ ii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ·············································· iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ····················································· iv
HALAMAN MOTTO ············································································ v
HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ································································ vi
ABSTRAK ························································································· vii
ABSTRACK ······················································································· viii
KATA PENGANTAR ··········································································· ix
DAFTAR ISI ······················································································ xi
DAFTAR TABEL ················································································ xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ············································································· xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ·········································································· xvi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang Masalah ································································ 1
B. Identifikasi Masalah ····································································· 5
C. Pembatasan Masalah ···································································· 5
D. Rumusan Masalah ······································································· 5
xii
E. Tujuan Penelitian ········································································ 6
F. Manfaat Penelitian ······································································· 6
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A. Kajian Teori ·············································································· 8
1. Praktek Kewirausahaan
a. Pengertian Praktek Kewirausahaan ·········································· 8
b. Karakteristik Kewirausahaan ················································· 9
c. Klasifikasi Kewirausahaan ···················································· 10
d. Faktor-faktor Kewirausahaan ················································· 11
e. Indikator Praktek Kewirausahaan ············································ 13
2. Kreativiras Wirausaha
a. Pengertian Kreativitas ·························································· 14
b. Karakteristik Seseorang yang Kreatif ········································ 15
c. Proses Kreativitas ······························································· 16
d. Faktor Penghambat dan Usaha Meningkatkan Kreativitas ··············· 17
e. Indikator Kreativitas ···························································· 17
3. Mindset Wirausaha
a. Pengertian Mindset Wirausaha ················································ 18
b. Jenis-jenis Mindset ····························································· 20
c. Indikator Mindset Wirausaha ·················································· 21
B. Penelitian Terdahulu ···································································· 21
C. Kerangka Berpikir ······································································· 22
D. Hipotesis ·················································································· 24
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
A. Jenis dan Desain Penelitian ····························································· 25
B. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ·························································· 26
C. Populasi, Sampel, dan Sampling ······················································ 27
D. Definisi Operasional Variabel ························································· 29
xiii
E. Teknik dan Instrumen Pengumpulan Data
1. Tehnik Pengumpulan Data ························································· 31
2. Instrument Pengumpulan Data ···················································· 38
F. Teknik Analisis Data
1. Uji prasyarat analisis ································································ 43
2. Uji hipotesis ·········································································· 44
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
A. Gambaran Umum Tempat Penelitian
1. Sejarah Singkat Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta ······················ 49
2. Deskripsi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan ··························· 51
3. Deskripsi Program Studi Pendidikan Akuntansi ······························· 53
B. Deskripsi Data ············································································ 54
C. Hasil Analisis Data
1. Uji Prasyarat Analisis ······························································· 57
2. Uji Hipotesis ········································································· 58
D. Pembahasan ··············································································· 64
E. Keterbatasan penelitian ································································· 67
BAB V PENUTUP
A. Simpulan ················································································· 68
B. Implikasi ·················································································· 69
C. Saran ······················································································ 69
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ··········································································· 71
LAMPIRAN ······················································································· 74
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Tabel Isaac dan Michael ............................................................................ 28
Tabel 3.2 Distribusi Sampling ................................................................................... 29
Tabel 3.3 Kisi-kisi Angket ......................................................................................... 32
Tabel 3.4 Skala Linkert .............................................................................................. 38
Tabel 3.5 Hasil Uji Validasi Angket Try OutPraktek Kewirausaha .......................... 39
Tabel 3.6 Hasil Uji Validasi Angket Try Out Kreativitas Wirausaha ........................ 40
Tabel 3.7 Hasil Uji Validasi Angket Try Out Mindset Wirausaha ............................ 41
Tabel 3.8 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Angket ..................................................................... 42
Tabel 4.1 Distribusi Frekuensi Variabel Mindset wirausaha ..................................... 55
Tabel 4.2 Distribisi Vrekuensi Variabel Paktek Kewirausahaan ............................... 55
Tabel 4.3 Distribisi Vrekuensi Variabel Paktek Kewirausahaan ............................... 56
Tabel 4.4 Ringkasan Hasil Uji Linieritas ................................................................... 57
Tabel 4.5 Hasil Uji Multikolinearitas ........................................................................ 58
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Analisis Regresi Berganda ............................................................... 59
Tabel 4.7 Hasil Uji Sumbangan Relatif dan Sumbangan Efektif............................... 63
xv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Kerangka Berfikir ................................................................................... 22
Gambar 3.1 Kurva Kriteria Pengujian ....................................................................... 45
Gambar 3.2 Kurva Pengujian Serempak .................................................................... 46
Gambar 4.1 Kurve Praktek Kewirausahaan ............................................................... 60
Gambar 4.2 Kurve Kreativitas Wirausaha ................................................................. 61
Gambar 4.3 Kurve Praktek Kewirausahaan dan Kreativitas Wirausaha .................... 62
xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Angket Try Out ································································· 75
Lampiran 2 Angket Penelitian ····························································· 80
Lampiran 3 Daftar Nama Responden Try Out ············································ 85
Lampiran 4 Skor Hasil Try Out Variabel Praktek Kewirausahaan ···················· 86
Lampiran 5 Hasil Uji Validitas ····························································· 90
Lampiran 6 Hasil Uji Reabilitas ···························································· 94
Lampiran 7 Daftar Nama Responden Penelitian ········································· 95
Lampiran 8 Skor Hasil Penelitian ·························································· 98
Lampiran 9 Diskripsi Data Penelitian ······················································ 107
Lampiran 10 Uji Normalitas ································································ 116
Lampiran 11 Uji Linearitas ·································································· 117
Lampiran 12 Uji Multikolinearitas ························································· 119
Lampiran 13 Regresi Linier Ganda ························································ 120
Lampiran 14 Data Induk Penelitian ························································ 124
Lampiran 15 Tabel Nilai t ··································································· 128
Lampiran 16 Tabel Nilai F ·································································· 129
Lampiran 17 Tabel r ·········································································· 130