peripheral and interfacing

Mn hc:Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp niGV: Phm Vn Thun B mn K thut My tnh Khoa CNTT- H BKHN email: [email protected]

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Mc tiu mn hc Sau khi kt thc mn hc ny, sinh vin c th Phn bit cc chun ghp ni ngoi vi thng dng hin nay nh COM, LPT, USB, IEEE1394 Trnh by cu to v nguyn tc hot ng ca mt s thit b ngoi vi c bn: chut, bn phm, mn hnh, modem Lp trnh ghp ni vi cc thit b ngoi vi thng qua cng COM, LPT v cng USB.

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Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

Ti liu tham kho chnh: 1. Bi Quc Anh - Bi ging Thit b ngoi vi v k thut ghp ni 2. Ng Din Tp - K thut ghp ni my tnh 3. Scott Mueller - Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 17 edition 4. a ch download ti liu ftp://dce.hut.edu.vn/thuanpv

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Ni dung mn hcChng 1. M u Chng 2. K thut ghp ni Chng 3. Cc thit b ngoi vi: Cu to & hot ng Chng 4. Lp trnh ghp ni

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Chng 1-M u1.1. Kin trc h vi x l/my tnh 1.2. Hot ng ca h thng my tnh

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1.1. Kin trc h vi x l/my tnhGm 4 phn:H trung tm (CS) Giao tip (Interface) Ngoi vi (Peripheral, Wide world) Bus

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1.1. Kin trc h vi x l/my tnh H vi x l: mang ngha tng qut, l mt h thng bao gm cc thnh phn c bn nh trn, c kh nng tng tc v x l cng vic. H nhng: l mt h vi x l c thit k c chc nng chuyn dng. Vd:Cc h thng trong L vi sng, My git, My tnh c nhn: mt trng hp c th ca h vi x l *

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H trung tm (CS) H trung tm (Central Sub System) gm:1. B nh chnh (Main Memory)! 2. Khi x l trung tm! (CPU-center processing unit) 3. Cc n v iu khin (Controllers)!

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Cc b iu khin (Controllers) Controllers: L cc vi mch c chc nng iukhin nhm nng cao hiu nng hot ng ca h thng, bao gm: (vd?) B iu khin u tin ngt: PIC Priority Interrupt Controller, Intel 8259A B iu khin truy nhp trc tip b nh DMAC Direct memory Access Controller, Intel 8237A.

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Cc b iu khin (Controllers) B nh thi (Timer): mch to khong thi gian PIT- Programmable Interval Timer, Intel 8254. Mch qun l b nh: MMU- Memory Management Unit, sau ny thng c built on chip vi CPU. Bus controller/Arbitor

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Bus Khi nim chung v bus: Bus: l tp hp cc ng kt ni truyn thng tin gia cc thnh phn ca h vi x l. Thng tin trn cc ng kt ni ny nhm phc v cho cng mt mc ch no . rng bus: l s ng dy c th truyn thng tin ng thi ca bus .

C 3 loi bus: Bus a ch (address bus) Bus d liu (data bus) Bus iu khin (control bus)11


Thit b ngoi vi Cc thit b u vo ?: Chut, bn phm, touch screen. Modem, NIC Joy Stick, camera,

Cc thit b u ra ?: Mn hnh: CRT, LCD, Plasma. My in: in laser, in kim, in phun. My chiu,Modem, loa,

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Thit b ngoi vi Cc thit b lu tr ?: a mm a cng a quang: CD, DVD B nh flash *

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Giao tip (interface) Giao tip (interface): Lm nhim v kt ni H trung tm (CS) vi Thit b ngoi vi. L do cn c cc interface ?: S khc nhau gia CS vi cc thit b ngoi vi: mc tn hiu, tc , ch lm vic ng b hay khng,

thc hin giao tip, cn c: Mch in t thch ng v Chng trnh iu khin (device driver). Mch in t: Cng vo-ra, Controller, cc b chuyn i AD-DA.14


V dVd: My IBM-PC *

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1.2. Hot ng ca h thng my tnh Hot ng ca h thng: Khi to h thng Thc hin truy cp b nh trc tip DMA (nu c) Thc hin chng trnh con phc v ngt (nu c) Thc hin chng trnh: nhn lnh, gii m, thc thi lnh.

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Hot ng ca h thngKhi toPC= a ch lnh c thc thi

DMA?n

y

Machine On Halt

DMA?y

n

Ngt?n

y y y

MaskOn

n

Nhn lnh Gii m lnh Thc thi lnh

PC = Intr. Vector

L-u tng qut ca h VXL 17


Khi to h thng Khi to h thng: xy ra khi ?: H thng c bt ln u :Cold boot/cold start H thng b khi ng li do ngun in cung cp tt-bt t ngt: hard reboot/cold reboot/frozen reboot/ hard resetvd: khi bm nt reset

H thng c khi ng li vi s kim sot ca phn mm, ngun in cung cp vn c duy tr:Warm reboot/ soft reboot / soft resetvd: khi bm Ctr + Alt + Dell hoc chn restart18


Khi to h thng Qu trnh khi to h thng POST (Power On Seft Test): kim tra cc thnh phn quan trng nh b x l, b nh, card mn hnh, b iu khin anhn dng v khi ng cc thit b c kt ni vi my tnh. SETUP (Nu ngi dng mun): cu hnh cc thng s lin quan n bo mch ch, chipset, ngy thng, mt khu, thit lp th t u tin BOOT -> Lu vo CMOS RAM Np h iu hnh: chy chng trnh Bootstrap loader (lu trong ROM BIOS) H iu hnh np cc driver t cng vo trong b nh RAM19


POST

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POST

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Khi to h thng ROM BIOS: chip cha tp hp cc chng trnh c triu gi u tin khi khi to h thng POST program Setup Bootstrap loader BIOS

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BIOS BIOS: cha cc chng trnh cho php h iu hnh giao tip, iu khin cc thit b ni ghp vi h thng BIOS Chng trnh thng thng: khng phi tt c cc on m ca BIOS u c np t a, c cc on m c np t cc chip nh ROM trn mainboard hoc trn cc card m rng

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BIOS Chng trnh BIOS trong my tnh PC c th gm 3 ngun nh sau Motherboard ROM Adapter card ROM (v d: card mn hnh) Load t a vo trong b nh RAM (Device driver)

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BIOS

S phn cp my tnh PC25


Chng 2-K thut ghp ni2.1. Cc phng php truyn tin 2.2. Giao thc ghp ni 2.3. Cc phng php trao i thng tin

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Cc phng php truyn tin Truyn song song (Parallel) & truyn ni tip (Serial) Truyn ng b (Synchronous) & khng ng b (Asynchronous)

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2.1. Cc phng php truyn tinTruyn song song Cho php truyn s liu ng thi cc bit ca mt t d liu trong mt nhp truyn. u im: Truyn ng thi c nhiu bit d liu Nhc im: Khong cch truyn ngn VD: cng song song (LPT), bus vo ra (PCI, ISA)28


2.1. Cc phng php truyn tinTruyn ni tip Trao i thng tin theo phng thc truyn ni tip l truyn lin tip tng bit mt trn mt ng truyn. VD: PS2, COM, USB

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Truyn tin ni tip L do s dng truyn thng tin ni tip: Bus d liu ca h VXL c thit k trao i d liu song song vi cc mch vo-ra. Tuy nhin trong nhiu trng hp, ngi ta phi thc hin trao i thng tin ni tip c tc chm hn Khong cch gia hai n v cn trao i d liu l tng i ln -> gim gi thnh

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Truyn tin ni tipH thng trao i thng tin ni tip gm c cc dng: n cng (Simplex Connection): s liu ch c truyn theo 1 hng.

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Truyn tin ni tip Bn song cng (Half-Duplex): s liu c th truyn i theo 2 hng, nhng mi thi im ch c truyn theo 1 hng. Song cng (Full-Duplex): s liu c truyn ng thi theo 2 hng

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Truyn tin ni tip Phng thc hot ng: u pht, d liu di dng song song u tin c chuyn thnh d liu dng ni tip. Tn hiu ni tip sau c truyn i lin tip tng bit trn ng dy.

u thu, tn hiu ni tip s c bin i ngc li chuyn sang dng song song thch hp cho vic x l tip theo33


Truyn tin ni tipTruyn d liu ni tip ng b Cc thit b s dng chung 1 ngun xung clock pht bi 1 thit b hoc t ngun ngoi. Mi bit truyn i ti thi im xung clock chuyn mc (sn ln hoc sn xung ca xung). B nhn s dng s chuyn mc ca xung xc nh thi im c cc bit. N c th c cc bit ti sn ln hay sn xung ca xung hoc theo mc logic cao thp.34


Truyn tin ni tipTruyn d liu ni tip khng ng b Mt gi d liu truyn i bao gm bit start ng b ha ngun clock, 1 hoc nhiu hn 1 bit stop bo kt thc truyn 1 byte. Ngoi ra khung truyn cn c bit parity c th l even,odd,mark hay space.

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2.2. Giao thc ghp ni2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni (Interfacing Protocol) 2.2.2. Chun RS232 2.2.3. Chun LPT 2.2.4. Chun USB 2.2.5. Chun IEEE1394

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2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Giao thc ghp ni l cc quy nh v Tn hiu (signals) Khun dng d liu (Data format) Tc (Rate) C ch pht hin v sa li (Error Detection & Error correction) Lnh truyn & phn hi (Command set & response) Kch bn (scenario)37


Giao thc ghp ni Tn hiu (signals) Khi nim v tn hiu: tng t,ri rc, lng t ha, s M hnh ghp ni Analog

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Khi nim v phn loi Tn hiu l biu hin vt l ca thng tin V mt ton, tn hiu l hm ca mt hoc nhiu bin c lp. Cc bin c lp c th l: thi gian, p sut, cao, nhit Bin c lp thng gp l thi gian. Mt v d v tn hiu c bin c lp l thi gian: tn hiu in tim.

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Khi nim v phn loi Phn loi:Xt trng hp tn hiu l hm ca bin thi gian

Tn hiu tng t: bin (hm), thi gian (bin) u lin tc. V d: x(t) Tn hiu ri rc: bin lin tc, thi gian ri rc. V d: x(n)40


Khi nim v phn loi Tn hiu lng t ha (Quantified signal): thi gian lin tc v bin ri rc. y l tn hiu tng t c bin c ri rc ha. Tn hiu s (Digital signal): thi gian ri rc v bin cng ri rc. y l tn hiu ri rc c bin c lng t ha.

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Khi nim v phn loi

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X l s tn hiu S khi x l s tn hiuTn hiu s

Tn hiu tng t

Ly mu & bin i tng t-s

X l tn hiu s

Bin i s tng t

Tn hiu tng t

ADC

DAC

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Ti sao li s dng tn hiu s ? c th x l t ng (bng my tnh) Gim c nhiu Cho php sao lu nhiu ln m cht lng khng thay i Cc b x l tn hiu s (DSP) Khi c ch to hng lot c cht lng x l ng nht v cht lng x l khng thay i theo thi gian44


M hnh ghp ni

M hnh ghp ni Analog45


M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s

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M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s Process: L cc qu trnh cng ngh nh: dy chuyn giy; dy chuyn luyn-nung-cn thp, sn xut-trn phn bn NPK, cc nh my pht in...

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M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s Sensors: L vt liu/thit b dng chuyn i cc i lng vt l khng in (T, RH, p, L, v, a, F, pH, F,..) thnh tn hiu in (u, i, R, f) Vt liu: do c tnh t nhin ca vt cht v d cp nhit , in tim,

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M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s Conditioners: V tn hiu t sensors thng rt nh, c nhiu v phi tuyn => c mch in t analog x l tn hiu: khuch i, lc nhiu, b phi tuyn... cho ph hp.

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M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s MUX: analog multiplexer b dn knh Inputs: n bit chn knh, c 2n knh s o analog, nh s t 0..2n-1; Output: 1 knh chung thng vi 1 trong s 2n inputs v duy nht; Nh vy ch cn 1 h VXL/MT v ADC vn thu thp c nhiu im o cng ngh

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M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s Trch mu v gi - Sample & Hold: Dng trch mu ca t/h khi c xung sample (100s ns.. vi us) v gi nguyn gi tr ca t/h trong khong thi gian lu hn ADC chuyn i c n nh; Ch dng trong cc trng hp tn hiu bin thin nhanh tng i so vi thi gian c/ ca ADC; Nng cao chnh xc v tn s ca tn hiu.

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M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s ADC: analog to digital convertor: Ri rc ha t/h v thi gian v s ha t/h lng t ha C nhiu phng php/tc /a ch ng dng ca chuyn i

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M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s Central system: h nhng/MT: CPU, mem, bus, IO port, CSDL, net; thu thp v x l s o. DAC: digital to analog convertor Bin i tn hiu s => lin tc v tg nhng vn ri rc v gt;

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M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s Mch in t analog: C nhiu kiu chc nng ty thuc ng dng: Lc ti to, tng hp m thanh; Khuch i n cc c cu chp hnh; Cch ly quang hc ghp ni vi cc thit b cng sut ln (motor, breaker, ...)

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M hnh ghp ni h o lng-iu khin s Actuators: cc c cu chp hnh L 1 lp cc thit b tc ng tr li dy chuyn cng ngh; C hc: motor (3 phase Sync/Async, single phase, dc, step) nh robot, printers motor, FDC/HDC motors... iu khin dng nng lng in: SCR (thyristor), Triac, Power MOSFET, IGBT... iu khin dng cht lng/kh/gas: valves (percentage, ON/OFF valves)

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Mt s h thng s dng ADC - DAC

H thu thp s liu iu khin t xa56


2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Tn hiu (Signals) Khi thit k ghp ni my tnh, cn c bit ch ti tn hiu theo cc yu cuHn mt thit b -> cn bus/mng D liu xa hay gn, cn tc truyn nhanh hay chm -> ni tip hay song song Cc tn hiu iu khin (control signals), trng thi (status signals) v bt tay (handshaking signals)

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2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Tn hiu (signals)

Tn hiu bt tay khi ghp ni vi my tnh qua cng COM58


2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Tn hiu (signals) Phng php bin i tn hiu: iu bin, iu tn, iu pha Mc in p Tn hiu n cc (single end) hay vi sai (differential) Kh nng hot swap, hot plugible C cn cch ly khng (isolated): cch ly quang hc (Opto-Coupler) Khe cm, cng cm, s ng tn hiu59


2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Dng cung cp (Source current) Cng dng in ti a m chn vo ra c th cung cp khi n c a ln mc in p cao. Nu ti s dng qu dng ny th s gy st p.

Dng hp th (Sink current) L dng ti a m chn vo ra c th hp th khi n b ko xung mc in p thp. Nu dng thc t ln hn dng hp th -> hng thit b

Sink & Source connection

S dng b m60


2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Cch ly Cch ly gia mch trung tm v mch ngoi vi Khi c s bin i t ngt v in p ti mch ngoi vi (VD: st nh) -> khng nh hng ti mch trung tm

Cch ly quang hc (Opto-Coupler)61


2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Khe cm: ISA, PCI Cng: COM (DB9, DB25), LPT Cp: ng trc (coaxial) Xon (twisted) Thng (normal) Quang (optical)

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2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Khun dng d liu (Data Format) Nhu cu ng gi d liuKhi cn truyn nhiu byte d liu (USB, TCP-IP) Khi cn truyn khng ng b (RS232, RS485)

Mt s khun dng d liu

Gi tin theo chun USB63


2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Tc trao i thng tin (Rate) Ph thuc:Khong cch Mi trng truyn Cch iu ch tn hiu

Tc ca mt s chun giao thc ghp niLPT: SPP mode: 50->100kbps ECP mode: 2->4Mbps

LAN/Ethernet 10/100/1000 Mbps RS232: 1200/2400/4800/9600bps64


2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Kim tra, sa li, nng cao tin cy Khi trao i thng tin thng c li, c bit khi truyn xa hoc chuyn i tn hiu. Cc phng php h tr kim tra v sa li (c phn cng v phn mm)Kim tra chn l M CRC Redundancy: truyn d tha, trao i d liu nhiu hn mt ln so snh

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2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni B lnh v thng tin tr v (Command set & Response) Cn thit khi ghp ni vi cc thit b c nhiu tham s v ch hot ng (mouse, Printer, Modem) B lnh (Command set): tp hp cc yu cu t h trung tm (CS) gi cho thit b ngoi viVD: Tp lnh AT, Open-AT

Thng tin tr v: phn hi v trng thi gi t thit b ngoi vi66


2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni 1 command/response thng c cu trc M bt u k t ring @, #, $... M lnh Tham s lnh M check sum M kt thc, k t ring C thm cc m i thoi, s dng cc k t iu khin ca ASCII nh ENQ, ACK, NACK, Bell, OK, ERR, BUSY67


2.2.1. Giao thc ghp ni Kch bn i thoi (Scenario) Lit k cc trng hp c th ri p cc php x l tng ng m bo vic ghp ni: khng mt tin, khng tha tin, khng qun, treo Thng xy dng theoStep list Chart

Scenario Chart68


2.2.2. Chun RS232 Mc in p ng truyn Chun u ni trn my tnh PC Khun dng khung truyn Tc truyn Kch bn truyn

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Chun RS232 Mc in p ng truyn (Chun RS-232C)

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Chun RS232 Chun u ni trn PC

UART

UART

UART (Universal Asynchronous receiver/transmitter)71


Chun RS232 Chun u ni trn PC Chn 1 (DCD-Data Carrier Detect): pht hin tn hiu mang d liu Chn 2 (RxD-Receive Data): nhn d liu Chn 3 (TxD-Transmit Data): truyn d liu Chn 4 (DTR-Data Terminal Ready): u cui d liu sn sng Chn 5 (Signal Ground): t ca tn hiu Chn 6 (DSR-Data Set Ready): d liu sn sng Chn 7 (RTS-Request To Send): yu cu gi Chn 8 (CTS-Clear To Send): Xa gi Chn 9 (RI-Ring Indicate): bo chung72


Chun RS-232:

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Chun RS-232

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Chun RS232 Khun dng khung truyn PC truyn nhn d liu qua cng ni tip RS-232 thc hin theo kiu khng ng b (Asynchronous) Khung truyn gm 4 thnh phn1 Start bit (Mc logic 0): bt u mt gi tin, ng b xung nhp clock gia DTE v DCE Data (5,6,7,8 bit): d liu cn truyn 1 parity bit (chn (even), l (odd), mark, space): bit cho php kim tra li Stop bit (1 hoc 2 bit): kt thc mt gi tin

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Chun RS232 Khun dng khung truyn

Khung truyn cho d liu 61h theo khung: (8, N, 1) 8 bit d liu 1 bit stop Khng c bit parityThit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni76


Xc nh thi im truyn v nhn d liu77



Qu trnh truyn v nhn d liu di tc ng ca cc xung nhp ng h ti bn truyn v bn nhnThit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

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Chun RS232 Tc truyn Tnh bng n v bit/giy: bps (bit per second) Thut ng khc: baudn v o dng cho modem S ln thay i tn hiu trong mt giy i vi modem, mi ln thay i tn hiu, c th truyn c nhiu bit : tc baud tc ti a: 115,200 bps Bn trong UART h tr cc thanh ghi cho php xc nh cc tc lm vic khc, vd: 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400 bps79


Chun RS232 Kch bn truyn Qu trnh truyn v nhn cc k t

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Chun RS232 Kch bn truyn Khng c bt tay (none-handshaking): my thu c kh nng c cc k t thu trc khi my pht truyn k t tip theo

Kt ni khng cn bt tay gia hai thit b (cng mc in p)Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

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Chun RS232 Kch bn truyn

Ghp ni khng bt tay gia hai thit b (Khc nhau v mc in p)Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

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Chun RS232 Kch bn truyn C bt tay (handshaking):My thu nhn cc k t v lu vo mt vng nh gi l b m thu (receive buffer) Nu k t ti b m thu khng c c kp trc khi k t khc c truyn ti -> c th xy ra hin tng cc k t hin ti b ghi bi cc k t miCn tn hiu iu khin, buc my pht ngng pht cho n khi my thu c xong cc k t ang nm trong b m thu83


Chun RS232 Kch bn truyn C bt tay (handshaking)Bt tay bng phn cng S dng cc tn hiu bt tay RTS, CTS, DTR, DSR

Bt tay bng phn mm S dng cc gi tin c bit truyn cc k t Xon, Xoff.

Bt tay kt hp c phn cng v phn mm

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Chun RS232 Kch bn truyn Bt tay bng phn cng

S u ni tn hiu bt tay bng phn cngThit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

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Chun RS232 Kch bn truyn Bt tay phn cng

Cc ng tn hiu bt tay c s dng khi DTE truyn d liu Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

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Chun RS232 Kch bn truyn Bt tay bng phn cng

Cc ng tn hiu bt tay c s dng khi DTE nhn d liu Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

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Chun RS232 Bt tay bng phn mm S dng hai k t ASCII: X-ON (Ctrl-S) v X-OFF (Ctrl-Q)

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Chun RS232 u im n gin Vn cn kh nhiu thit b c ghp ni qua chun ny

Nhc im Khong cch truyn tng i ngn ~ 15m Ch cho php kt ni im-ti-im (Point-toPoint)

RS48589


Chun RS485 Mt s c im ca chun RS485 Tn hiu vi sai (differential signal) -> chng nhiu, cho php truyn xa hn ~ 10km Cho php ghp ni nhiu thit b (32 thit b) -> m hnh mng Lp trnh hon ton tng t chun RS232 -> d dng thc thi

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Chun RS232 Mt s ng dngCPT-711 (My c m vch di ng) AD-4329 (u cn in t)

Routing switch91


Chun RS232

Demo

u c th RFID (RFID card reader)

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Final Project

Mch o nhit , ghp ni cng COM + LPTThit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

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2.2.3. Chun LPT Giao din song song: cho php trao i nhiu bit d liu ti cng mt thi im. Mt s giao din song song trn my tnh:

LPT: cng my in SCSI (Small computer system interface): cho php ti a 7 thit b c th kt ni vi PC thng qua mt cp ni duy nht, mi thit b c mt a ch duy nht. ( cng, CD-ROMs) IEEE-488: cho php ti a 15 thit b c th giao tip tc 1MB/s94


Phn loi cng LPTECP (Extended Capabilities Port)Bus d liu hai chiu, h tr DMA C th cu hnh chy vi chun SPP, PS/2, EPP

EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port)Bus d liu hai chiu, c s dng tn hiu bt tay C th cu hnh chy vi chun SPP, PS/2

PS/2-type (Simple Bidirectional)Bus d liu 2 chiu

SPP (Standard Parallel Port)Thit k da trn giao tip ca my in Centronics Bus d liu 1 chiu (PC-> ngoi vi), bus trng thi 1 chiu, bus iu khin 2 chiu95


SPP (Standard Parallel Port) Mc in p lm vic: mc TTL Chun u ni trn PC: cng DB-25, female

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Cng LPTChc nng ca cc chn tn hiu:Strobe (chn s 1): =0~my tnh bo cho my in l sn sng truyn mt byte D0-D7: Cc ng dn d liu ACK (Acknowledgement): =0~My in thng bo cho my tnh bit l nhn c k t va gi v c th tip tc nhn BUSY: =1~my in thng bo cho my tnh bit cc b m trong my in y Paper Empty:1~ Ht giy ONLINE (SELECT): 1 ~ My in ang trng thi c kch hot97


Cng LPT Auto Linefeed: 1~PC nhc my in t ng np dng mi mi khi kt thc mt dng Error: 0~my in bo li (kt giy, my in trng thi off-line) INIT (RESET): 0~my in c t tr li trng thi c xc nh ban u Select Input: 0~ my in c la chn bi my tnh. Cc chn t 18-25 c ni t.98


Cng LPT S khi:

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Cng LPT Cc ng dn ca cng LPT c ni vi ba thanh ghi 8 bit khc nhau: Thanh ghi d liu (Data Register)SPP: 8 u ra

Thanh ghi trng thi (Status Register)SPP: 5 u vo

Thanh ghi iu khin (Control Register)SPP: 4 chn tn hiu hai chiu

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Thanh ghi d liu

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Thanh ghi trng thi

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Thanh ghi iu khin

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Tm kim cc cng LPT Mt my PC c th h tr nhiu cng LPT Thng thng: 3 cng LPT c bit: 4 cng (him gp)Cng song song (LPT) a ch thanh ghi d liu a ch thanh ghi trng thi a ch thanh ghi iu khin

LPT 1 LPT 2 LPT 3 LPT 4

3BCh 378h 278h 2BCh

3BDh 379h 279h 2BDh

3BEh 37Ah 27Ah 2BEh104

Tn v a ch cc cng LPT trong trng hp my c y c 3 (4) cng Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

Tm kim cc cng LPT Khi khi ng, mt chng trnh BIOS t ng kim tra s tn ti cc cng LPT ti 3 a ch theo th t: 3BCh, 378h, 278h (2BCh) Ghi d liu ra cng c a ch tng ng c ngc d liu t cng, nu cp d liu khp nhau -> c tn ti cng ti a ch -> Tin hnh gn tn cho cng theo th t LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, (LPT4)a ch c s ca LPT1 c th khng phi l 3BCh, a ch c s ca LPT2 c th khng phi l 378h105


Xc nh a ch cng LPT40:08 40:0A 40:0C 40:0E 40:11 a ch c bn ca LPT1 a ch c bn ca LPT2 a ch c bn ca LPT3 a ch c bn ca LPT4 Cu hnh h thng: bit th 7 v th 8 cha s c m ha nh phn ca cng song song hin c

106


Kch bn ghp ni my in (Chun SPP) Ch hot ng c bn (Standard Parallel Port SPP): Truyn tin c bo nhn:ng b qua STB v bo nhn qua ACK

107


Kch bn ghp ni my in (Chun SPP) My tnh t s liu ln bus Kch hot /STB : bo cho my in d liu n nh. My in nhn xong s tr li /ACK mc thp. My tnh i BSY ht bn th li truyn tip

108


Ghp ni qua cng LPT (Mch ph tr) B gii m 74LS138 3 u vo (A, B, C), 8 u ra o (y0 -> y7) 3 tn hiu iu khin (G2A, G2B, G1)

109


Ghp ni qua cng LPT (Mch ph tr) Mch cht 74LS373: dng cht Chn OC (Output Control): tch cc mc thp, iu khin cho php/ cm d liu ra Chn G: chn cht (Khi OC=0)G=0 -> u ra l d liu trc G=1 -> u ra = u vo

Bng tht ca 74LS373Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

110

Ghp ni qua cng LPT (Mch ph tr) Mch khuch i & m mt chiu 74HC244 C th m tng nibble (4bit) hoc m mt byte (8bit) iu khin bi hai chn 1OE v 2OE (Output Enable)

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Ghp ni qua cng LPT (Xut d liu)

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Ghp ni qua cng LPT (Nhp d liu)

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Ghp ni qua cng LPT (Nhp d liu)Ghp ni vi b chuyn i tng ts ADC0809 c d liu theo tng nibble (qua 4 chn trng thi)-> cn hai chu k c nhn 1 byte d liu S dng cc chn d liu iu khin

114


PPI 8255A Mch ni ghp ngoi vi lp trnh c 8255A (Programable Peripheral Interface - PPI 8255A) c im c bn:+ Vi mch 40 chn. + Mch ni ghp vo ra song song c kh nng lp trnh c. + Tng thch vi b vi x l ca Intel. + C cc cng vo ra song song lm vic cc ch khc nhau. + Ngun 5V.115


PPI 8255A S khi :

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PPI 8255A D7 - D0 : 8 chn d liu ni ghp vi bus d liu (c b m ngn cch bn trong vi bn ngoi). /RD :tn hiu iu khin c cng. /WR :tn hiu iu khin ghi cng. /CS :tn hiu chn mch. Chn /CS ca 8255A c ni vi u ra ca mt b gii m a ch xc nh a ch c s cho mch.

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PPI 8255AA0, A1: s chn ra 4 thanh ghi bn trong 8255A: 1 thanh ghi ghi t iu khin (CWR - control word register) cho hot ng ca 8255A, 3 thanh ghi ng vi cc cng A (8 bit), B (8 bit), C (gm cng C na cao - 4 bit v cng C na thp - 4 bit) c/ghi d liu. V ta thy, cng A cng chnh l a ch c s ca 8255A.

118


PPI 8255A PA7 - PA0 : 8 ng vo-ra ca cng A PB7 - PB0 : 8 ng vo-ra ca cng B PC7 - PC0 : 8 ng vo-ra ca cng C

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PPI 8255A Cc ch lm vic : Tu thuc vo ni dung ca thanh ghi iu khin m 8255 s lm vic cc ch khc nhau: Nu bit D7 = 1 th ni dung ca cc bit cn li c dng nh ngha cu hnh cc cng. Nu bit D7 = 0 th ni dung ca cc bit cn li c dng t/xa cc bit ca cng C.

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PPI 8255Aa) Ch nh ngha cu hnh:

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PPI8255A V d : Tm t iu khin sao cho cc nhm lm vic ch 0. Cng A : vo ; Cng B : ra ; Cng C cao : vo;Cng C thp : ra Gii: 1 00 1 1 0 0 0 CW=98h122


PPI8255A V d ?: Tm t iu khin sao cho cc nhm lm vic ch 0. Cng A :vo ; Cng B :vo ; Cng C cao: vo ;Cng C thp : vo Gii: 1 00 1 1 0 1 1 CW=9Bh123


PPI8255A V d ?: Tm t iu khin sao cho cc nhm lm vic ch 0. Cng A :vo ; Cng B :vo ; Cng C vo Gii: 1 00 1 1 0 1 1 CW=9Bh

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PPI8255A V d ?: Tm t iu khin sao cho cc nhm lm vic ch 0. Cng A :ra ; Cng B :ra ; Cng C cao: vo ;Cng C thp : vo Gii: 1 00 0 1 0 0 1 CW=89h125


PPI 8255A 8255A c 4 ch lm vic: Ch 0: Vo/ra c s(vo/ra n gin):Cc cng A,B,CH, CL u c th c s dng lm cc cng vo hoc ra. C 16 kh nng cu hnh cc cng lm vo hoc ra.

Ch 1: Vo/ra c xung cho php (Strobed Input/Output) :A,B u c th c s dng lm cc cng vo hoc ra CH, CL c dng lm cc tn hiu bt tay (handshaking)khi A, B trao i d liu126


PPI 8255A Ch 2: Vo ra 2 chiu: Ch c cng A c th c s dng lm cng vo hoc ra. Cc tn hiu bt tay do cc bit ca cng C m nhim. PB ch lm vic nh trong ch 0 hoc 1.

Ch Lp/ xa cc bit PCi.

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Ch 1: Vo/ra vi xung cho php Vo d liu trong ch 1 ( /RD= 0): /STBA,/STBB(Strobe): l tn hiu i vo 2 bit ca cng C: PC4(), PC2().Tch cc mc 0 .Khi d liu sn sng c c vo bi PA,PB, thit b ngoi vi truyn cho 8255 bit.128


Ch 1: Vo/ra vi xung cho php IBFA, IBFB (Input Buffer Full): m vo cng A hoc B y. Sau khi 8255 nhn c d liu t mt thit b ngoi vi no vo cc cng A, B, n bo li thit b ngoi vi bng tn hiu ny cho bit nhn ht d liu.129


Ch 1: Vo/ra vi xung cho php Ra d liu trong ch 1 (/WR = 0): /ACKA,/ACKB: (Acknowlege): tbnv bo nhn c d liu, Hai tn hiu ny c truyn ti cng A, B ti bit 6 v bit 2 ca cng C.

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Ch 1: Vo/ra vi xung cho php /OBFA,/OBFB (Output Buffer Full): m vo cng A hoc B y. Sau khi 8255 nhn c d liu t b vi x l v sn sng cho ra cc cng A, B, n bo vi thit b ngoi vi bng tn hiu ny cho bit sn sng truyn d liu.131


Ch 1: Vo/ra vi xung cho php Trong ch 1: PA, PB c th c cu hnh thnh cc cng vo/ra ring bit*

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Ch 1: Vo/ra vi xung cho php A ra, B-vo

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Ch 2: Ch bus hai chiu Ch 2: Ch bus hai chiu (Bidirectional Bus) : Trong ch ny ch ring cng A c nh ngha lm vic nh mt cng 2 chiu c cc tn hiu mc ni do mt s bit ca cng C m nhim Cng B th c th lm vic ch 1 hoc 0 ty theo cc bit iu khin trong CWR. Cc chn tn hiu cn li ca cng C c th c nh ngha lm vic nh cc chn vo hoc ra, hoc phc v cho cng B.134


Ch 2: Ch bus hai chiu

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Ch 2: Ch bus hai chiu

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Ch t/xa cc bit cng C Tm t iu khin lp bit PC5 = 1: CW=0 000 101 1= 0Bh

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Ch t/xa cc bit cng C Tm t iu khin lp bit PC2 = 1 ? CW=0 000 010 1= 05h

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Ch t/xa cc bit cng C Tm t iu khin lp bit PC7 = 0 ? CW=0 000 111 0= 0Eh

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140



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Ch t/xa cc bit cng C Tm t iu khin lp bit PC1 = 1 ? CW=0 000 001 1= 0Eh

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Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255A Ch xt vi trng hp ni ghp 8255A vi 8088 theo kiu vo-ra cch bit vi s bit a ch l 8 bit V d 1: a) Ni ghp 8255A vi h 8088 nh sau : Cng A c a ch l 50h Cng B c a ch l 51h Cng C c a ch l 52h Thanh ghi iu khin c a ch l 53h b) Lp trnh nh ngha ch 0 cho 8255A vi cu hnh cc cng nh sau: Cng A: Vo Cng B: Ra Cng C: Ra c) Lp trnh nhn 100 d liu t cng A v ln lt a ra cng B v C.143


Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255ALi gii: a)Gii m a ch:Cng A 50h; Cng B 51h; Cng C 52h Thanh ghi iu khin c a ch l 53h

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Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255A

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Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255Ab) Lp trnh nh ngha ch 0 cho 8255A vi cu hnh cc cng nh sau: Cng A: Vo Cng B: Ra Cng C: Ra

Tm t iu khin: 1 00 1 0 0 0 0= 90h Lp trnh:MOV AL, 90h OUT 53h, AL146


Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255AC) Lp trnh nhn 100 d liu t cng A v ln lt a ra cng B v C.

MOV CX, 100 ; nhn 100 d liu LAP : IN AL, 50H ; t cng A OUT 51H, AL ; a ra cng B OUT 52H, AL ; v cng C LOOP LAP147


Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255AV d 2: Cho mch ni ghp gia h VXL 8088 vi PPI 8255 nh hnh v. a) Tm a ch ca cc cng. b) Tm t iu khin sao cho cng: A : cng ra B : cng vo Cthp : cng vo Ccao : cng ra c) Lp trnh cho 8255 nhn d liu t cng B v gi ra cng A sau nhn d liu t cng Cthp v gi ra cng C cao.148



149



150


Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255Ab)A : cng ra B : cng vo Cthp : cng vo Ccao : cng ra =>t iu khin 10000011= 83h

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Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255Ac)Lp trnh cho 8255 nhn d liu t cng B v gi ra cng A sau nhn d liu t cng Cthp v gi ra cng Ccao.

Lp trnh: MOV AL, 83H OUT 7FH, AL IN AL, 7DH OUT 7CH, AL IN AL, 7EH MOV CL, 4 ROL AL, CL OUT 7EH, AL

ly t iu khin np cho thanh ghi iu khin nhn d liu t cng B a ra cng A nhn d liu t cng C thp ; quay ; tri AL 4 bit ; a ra cng C cao ; ; ; ; ;152


Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255ABi tp 3: Cho mch ni ghp gia h VXL 8088 vi PPI 8255A nh sau: a) Thit lp PC2 = 1 b) To xung c dng sau y PC6 ; Gi s c ctc to tr 20ms DELAY20T = 60ms 2T/3

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Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255AGii:a) Thit lp PC2 = 1: a ch ca thanh ghi iu khin:

khin PC2 = 1 T iu khin PC6 = 1 T iu khin PC6 = 0155


Ni ghp v lp trnh cho 8255Ab) Lp trnh: to xungMOV OUT LAP: MOV OUT CALL CALL MOV OUT CALL JMP AL, 05H 93H, AL AL, 0DH 93H, AL DELAY20 DELAY20 AL, 0CH 93H, AL DELAY20 LAP ; np t iu khin ; PC2 = 1 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; np t iu khin PC6 = 1 tr 20ms tr 20ms np t iu khin PC6 = 0 tr 20ms lp li

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2.2.4. Chun USB Chun USB ra i nhm tha mn cc yu cu ca mt chun ghp ni mi: D s dng Tc cao Tin cy, t li, c c ch t ng kim tra li Linh hot -> nhiu loi thit b ngoi vi c th s dng Gi thnh ph hp Tit kim in H tr bi h iu hnh157


S pht trin ca chun USB Nm 1995: USB 1.0 Tc Low-Speed: 1.5 Mbps Tc ti a (Full-Speed): 12 Mbps

Nm 1998: USB 1.1 (Sa li ca USB 1.0) Tc ti a (Full-Speed): 12 Mbps

Nm 2001: USB 2.0 Tc ti a (High-Speed): 480 Mbps

Nm 2006: nh du s ra i ca chun USB On-TheGo (USB OTG) Nm 2008: USB 3.0 Tc ti a (Super-Speed): 4.8 Gbps158


c tnh ca chun USB Tn hiu Chun u ni Khun dng khung truyn Tc truyn Kch bn truyn

159


Chun USB Tn hiu Truyn kiu ni tip Tn hiu trn hai ng D+ v D- l tn hiu vi sai

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Mc in p Cng USB trn my tnh cung cp in p ra +5V, dng ti a l 500mA C th ln n 5.25V Khi st p c th st cn 4.2V -> Nhng thit b s dng t in nng c th s dng ngun cp ngay t cng USB -> Nhng thit b s dng nhiu in nng bt buc phi s dng ngun ngoi

Tn hiu trn hai ng D+ v D- l tn hiu vi sai161


Chun u ni USB

Non-Standard Connector Mini A/B (Plug and Receptacle) Micro A/B(Plug and Receptacle)

Standard Connector USB A/B (Plug and Receptacle)162


S kt ni bus USB

163


Cc thnh phn ca bus USB Host: my tnh PC/ my tnh nhng cha USB host controller & root hub c chc nng iu khin bus Devices: cc thit b ngoi vi hoc hub kt ni vo ng bus USB. Mi thit b cn c mch in t v phn mm iu khin giao tip vi Host Connectors: u u ni Cable: kt ni gia thit b v hub164


S kt ni bus USB S kt ni bus USB theo kiu hnh sao Trung tm ca mi sao l mt hub Cc thit b c cm vo hub Mi hub thng cho 2, 4 hoc 7 thit b c th cm vo ng thi

S kt ni ch l kt ni vt l Cc giao tip trong bus ch cn quan tm n kt ni logic Ti mt thi im, ch mt thit b c th giao tip vi host controller165


Vai tr ca cc thnh phn Vai tr ca USB host: Trao i d liu vi cc thit b ngoi vi iu khin USB bus:Qun l c cc thit b kt ni vo ng bus v kh nng ca mi thit b : s dng c ch im danh (Enumeration) Phn x, qun l lung d liu trn bus, m bo cc thit b u c c hi trao i d liu

Kim tra li: thm cc m kim tra li vo gi tin cho php pht hin li v yu cu truyn li gi tin Cung cp ngun in cho tt c cc thit bThit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

166

Vai tr ca cc thnh phn Vai tr ca thit b ngoi vi Trao i d liu vi host Pht hin cc gi tin hay yu cu (request) c gi ti thit b x l ph hp Kim tra li: tng t nh Host, cc thit b ngoi vi cng phi chn thm cc bit kim tra li vo gi tin gi i Qun l ngun in: cc thit b c th s dng ngun in ngoi hay ngun t bus. Nu s dng ngun t bus, phi chuyn sang ch tit kim in nng.167


Enpoint & pipes Mi qu trnh truyn nhn d liu bao gm mt hay nhiu giao dch (transactions), mi giao dch gm mt hay nhiu packets -> hiu c cc giao dch, cc packet v ni dung ca chng -> cn tm hiu hai khi nim Enpoint v Pipes

168


Enpoint Endpoint ca thit b: Ch c thit b mi c Enpoint, Host khng c Enpoint Enpoint l b m (gi, nhn) Cc Enpoint c nh a ch v xc nh hngIn Enpoint: b m gi Out Enpoint: b m nhn

Tt c cc thit b u phi c Enpoint 0, y l enpoint mc nh gi cc thng tin iu khin169


Pipes Pipes: kt ni Enpoint ca thit b ti Host Phi thit lp pipe trc khi mun trao i d liu Host thit lp pipe trong qu trnh im danh (Enumeration) Cc Pipe s c hy khi thit b ngt kt ni khi bus Tt c cc thit b u c mt ng ng iu khin (control pipe) mc nh s dng Enpoint 0

170


Kch bn hot ng ca chun USB Qu trnh im danh: Host pht hin cc thit b kt ni vo bus hoc ngt kt ni khi bus v cc thng tin v thit b Qu trnh trao i d liu: trao i d liu gia Host v cc thit b kt ni vo ng bus USB

171


Qu trnh im danh Cc phn mm firmware trn thit b phn hi li cc yu cu (request) ca Host Cc phn mm firmware phi xc nh mi yu cu, tr v thng tin yu cu v lm cc cng vic ph hp Trn PCs, qu trnh im danh c thc hin bi h iu hnh (VD: Windows) -> khng cn s can thip ca ngi dng nu driver cho thit b tn ti trn my172


Trnh t qu trnh im danh Ngi s dng cm mt thit b vo cng USB (hoc my tnh khi ng vi mt thit b USB c cm sn): Hub cung cp ngun cho thit b Hub pht hin thit b Host tm hiu thng tin v thit b mi: Host gi n cc Hub yu cu Get_Port_Status, hub s gi v thng tin trng thi cc cng trn hub Hub kim tra xem thit b s dng low hay full speed: thng tin ny c gi ln Host trong thng tin phn hi li yu cu Get_Port_Status tip theo

173


Trnh t qu trnh im danh Hub khi ng li thit b: khi Host tm hiu c mt s thng tin v thit b mi, Host controller gi mt yu cu Set_Port_Feature xung Hub yu cu Hub khi ng li thit b (ch khi ng li thit b mi cm vo) Hub kim tra xem thit b c h tr high speed khng Hub thit lp ng trao i tn hiu gia Host v thit b: thit b giao tip vi Host qua a ch mc nh l 00 v Enpoint mc nh l 0174


Trnh t qu trnh im danh Host c byte u tin ca bn tm lc thit b xc nh kch thc gi d liu Host gn cho thit b mt a ch bus ring cho thit b Qua a ch mi, Host c tt c cc thng tin cu hnh t thit b: kch thc ti a ca packet cho Enpoint 0, cc cu hnh m thit b c th h tr Host gn v load driver cho thit b Host gn cho thit b mt trong cc cu hnh c th175


Device Classes Cc thit b ngoi vi cng chc nng (chut, my in, nh flash) c c tnh truyn nhn d liu chung -> H iu hnh c th cung cp driver chung cho cc nhm, cc nh sn xut thit b khng cn vit driver ring. Cc nhm thit b c nh ngha Audio Communication devices Human interface (HID) IrDA Bridge Mass Storage Cameras and scanners Video176


Qu trnh trao i d liu Cc thit b USB c th trao i d liu vi Host theo 4 kiu hon ton khc nhau, c th: Truyn iu khin (control transfer) Truyn ngt (interrupt transfer) Truyn theo khi (bulk transfer) Truyn ng thi (isochronous transfer)

177


Cc kiu truyn Truyn iu khin: iu khin phn cng, cc yu cu iu khin c truyn. Chng lm vic vi mc u tin cao v vi kh nng kim sot li t ng. Tc truyn ln v c n 64 byte trong mt yu cu (request) c th c truyn. Truyn ngt: cc thit b, cung cp mt lng d liu nh, tun hon chng hn nh chut, bn phm u s dng kiu truyn ny. H thng s hi theo chu k, chng hn 10ms mt ln xem c cc d liu mi gi n. 178Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

Cc kiu truyn Truyn theo khi: khi c lng d liu ln cn truyn v cn kim sot li truyn nhng li khng c yu cu thc p v thi gian truyn th d liu thng c truyn theo khi. VD: my in, my qut Truyn ng thi: khi c khi lng d liu ln vi tc d liu c quy nh, v d nh card m thanh. Theo cch truyn ny mt gi tr tc xc nh c duy tr. Vic hiu chnh li khng c thc hin v nhng li truyn l t cng khng gy nh hng ng k. 179Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

Gi tin USB

180


Gi tin USB

181


Li ch ca chun USB Li ch cho ngi s dng D s dngMt giao tip dng chung cho nhiu thit b ngoi vi khc nhau T ng cu hnh D dng u ni H tr kh nng cm nng (Hot pluggable) Thng khng cn s dng ngun ngoi

Tc cao v tin cy: h tr nhiu tc khc nhau (High speed: 480 Mbps, Full speed: 12 Mbps, Low speed: 1.5 Mbps) Gi thnh ph hp Tit kim in182


Li ch ca chun USB Li ch cho k s pht trin (thit k phn cng, lp trnh nhng, lp trnh ng dng) Linh hotChun USB h tr 4 kiu truyn v 3 tc khc nhau -> c th ph hp cho nhiu loi thit b ngoi vi. C th h tr truyn cc gi d liu c rng buc/ khng rng buc v thi gian -> tng tnh thi gian thc H tr giao thc giao tip vi cc thit b chun nh my in, bn phm, a, u c th 183


Li ch ca chun USB c h tr bi h iu hnh Cc h iu hnh ph bin u h tr chun USB: Windows, Linux, MacintoshPht hin khi thit b c cm vo hay rt ra khi h thng Giao tip vi thit b c cm vo tm ra cch trao i d liu H tr cc giao din hm chun (API) cho php lp trnh giao tip vi thit b

c h tr bi nhiu nh sn xut Cc chip chuyn dng h tr giao tip theo chun USB kh ph bin v gi thnh ph hp184


Gii hn ca chun USB Gii hn v khong cch: gii hn chiu di cable l 5m C th tng khong cch bng cc mch chuyn i (USB RS485, )

Giao tip peer-to-peer: mi giao tip c thc hin gia Host computer v thit b ngoi vi pht trin thm chun USB-On-The-Go

Khng h tr vic truyn d liu Broadcast (IEEE-1394 v Ethernet c h tr)185


2.2.5. Chun IEEE1394 (Firewire) i th cnh tranh ca USB Bus ni tip tc cao thng c dng truyn tn hiu video Chun h tr tc truyn ti a ln n 3.2Gbps Cho php u ni ti a 63 thit b Cho php giao tip peer-to-peer

186


Chng 3:Cc thit b ngoi vi c bn Bn phm Chut Mn hnh a cng a quang B nh trong Th nh

187


Bn phm Chc nng Thit b nhp thng tin vo cho my tnh x l Thng tin t bn phm l cc k t, s v lnh iu khin

188


Bn phm Cu to v hot ng Mi phm bm trn bn phm tng ng vi mt cng tc u chp mt chn hng a vi mt chn ct b Mi phm c mt a ch hng v ct duy nht

189


Bn phm Cc loi cng tc

190


Bn phm Hot ng Khi phm nhn, b vi iu khin s xc nh v tr ta ca phm v gi m ln b x l trung tm Vi bn phm cho my c nhnGi m make code Khi ngi dng nh phm, gi m break code M make code v m break code theo tp m c th (thng l set 2)http://www.computer-engineering.org/ps2keyboard/scancodes2.html191


Bn phm Cu trc bn phm in hnh

192


Bn phm Mt s loi bn phm Bn phm cho Desktop Bn phm cho Laptop + External keypad Bn phm Multimedia

193


Bn phm Giao tip vi my tnh Chun giao tip: ni tip Jc cm

Trn bn phm: Vi iu khin 8048 Trn my tnh: Vi iu khin 8042

194


Bn phm 8048 c nhim v tnh c v tr nhn, truyn tn hiu t bn phm ti My tnh. Khi 8048 pht hin ra mt phm c n, n truyn cho 8042 m yu cu 8042 pht yu cu ngt v b vi x l. Sau 8048 truyn tip m qut (scan code ) ca phm 8042 nhn d liu tun t t bn phm, d liu c a ln cng ca 8255.Thit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

195

Bn phm 8042 gi yu cu ngt B iu khin ngt 8259A s x l yu cu ngt v truyn s hiu ngt cho b vi x l. B vi x l gi chng trnh x l ngt. Chng trnh ny s chuyn m bn phm thnh m ascii v t m Ascii ny vo b m trong RAM.196


Chut Chut: Chut l thit b vo cung cp d liu cho my tnh, d liu l vn tc tng i ca chut khi n c di chuyn trn 1 mt phng. T d liu ny my tnh tnh ra v tr ca con tr (cursor) trn mn hnh.

Phn loi: Chut c Chut quang197


Chut Chut c: Bn trong chut c mt vin bi cao su t vo hai trc bng nha c t vung gc vi nhau, khi ta di chut th vin bi quay lm cho 2 trc xoay theo. Hai trc nha c gn vo bnh rng nha c c l, mi bnh rng c t lng vo trong mt cm bin bao gm mt diode pht quang v mt n thu quangThit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

198

Chut Cu to bn trong chut c

199


Chut Chut quang

200


Chut Diode pht quang pht ra nh sng chiu ln b mt ca tm di chut, nh ca b mt tm di chut c thu knh hi t ln b mt ca b phn cm quang, b phn cm quang s phn tch s di chuyn ca bc nh v to thnh tn hiu in gi v my tnh. Bnh thng n diode pht quang s nhp nhy lin tc, nhng khi khng c s di chuyn, sau khong 3 giy, diode s t chuyn sang ch ti, tng tui th ca diode.201


Mn hnh cm ng (touch screen) Mn hnh cm ng: Dng iu khin v tr con tr v c cng dng nh chut. Dng nhiu cng ngh khc nhau xc nh v tr tc ng trn mn hnh:Tia hng ngoi Mng cm p Mng nhy in dung Sng siu m

202


Mn hnh cm ng Touch screen dng tia hng ngoi: Dng cc ngun tia hng ngoi b tr theo theo trc x v y ca mn hnh. i din cc ngun tia hng ngoi l cc it hay t bo cm quang. Khi ngn tay di chuyn trn mn hnh, n s ngt ngun tia hng ngoi theo cc trc x v y. Do tn hiu ti cc it/ t bo cm quang b thay i. Cn c vo s thay i , my tnh s xc nh c v tr ca vt tc ng ln mn hnh203


Mn hnh cm ng Mn hnh cm ng dng Mng cm p: Mng cm p c dn ln b mt mn hnh Lc tc ng ln mn hnh s lm thay i in tr cm bin p sut cy trong mng ny). Cn c vo s thay i ny m my tnh xc nh c v tr ca lc tc ng.

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Mn hnh cm ng Mn hnh cm ng dng Mng nhy in dung: Mng trong sut c cng tc in dung. Ngn tay (bt) t ln mn hnh lm cho in dung gia hai in cc ti v tr ngn tay thay i.Cn c vo s thay i ny my tnh xc nh c v tr trn mn hnh.

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Mn hnh cm ng Mn hnh cm ng dng Sng siu m: Sng siu m c pht song song b mt mn hnh. Ngn tay hay mt vt bt k chm vo v mt mn hnh khin sng siu m b phn x tr li. Bng cc o thi gian phn x, b vi iu khin tnh c v tr ca vt tc ng ln mn hnh.

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Mn hnh Mn hnh tia m cc CRT (cathode ray tube) Mn hnh tinh th lng LCD (liquid crystal display) Mn hnh plasma PD (plasma display)

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Mn hnh CRT Mn hnh kiu ng phng tia m cc CRT (cathode ray tube): Cc in t pht x t katt trong ng c hi t thnh mt chm tia, sau c tng tc v c lm lch hng chuyn ng bi cc b phn li tia. Tia ny s p vo mn hnh c ph cht hunh quang to thnh mt im sng gi l im nh chi (sng ti) c quyt nh bi cng chm tia p vo mn hunh quang Mt im mu t nhin c hin nh s trn ln ca 3 mu , xanh l cy v xanh dng (RGB) theo mt t l no . Ba mu ny c hin nh 3 tia in t cng bn vo 3 im trn mn hnh k cn nhau.208


Mn hnh CRT

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Mn hnh Tia in t c qut rt nhanh theo chiu ngang t tri sang phi s to nn mt vt sng ngang c gi l dng qut. n cui mt dng, n c qut ngc tr li v bn tri qut tip dng th hai bn di v..v.. Qu trnh qut cc dng c dch dn t trn xung di sut chiu dc ca mn hnh c gi l qut dc to nn mt khung nh gi l frame210


Mn hnh CRT S khung (frame) to ra trong mt giy c gi l tc khung, tc qut dc hay tc lm ti (refresh rate). Sau khi tia in t i qua im pht sng, cng sng gim dn, tc gim i c gi l lu nh. lu nh cao c ngha l phi mt nhiu thi gian cng pht sng gim i ht.

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Mn hnh CRT Nu cng pht sng gim i qu chm, nhng hnh nh chuyn ng trn mn hnh s b nhe. Nu cng pht sng gim i qu nhanh, tc lm ti phi cao trnh hin tng hnh b git. Do hin tng lu nh vng mc, hnh nh khng git th ti thiu phi pht 24 hnh/s. Hin nay cc mn hunh quan s dng trong mn hnh CRT c lu nh thp nn tc lm ti thng trn 70Hz.212


Mn hnh CRT Qut xen k (interlaced): Cc dng l c qut trc cho n ht mn hnh theo chiu dc, gi l frame l; sau cc dng chn to nn frame chn c qut sau. Phng php ny c u im l thu hp c di tn s lm vic ca thit b nhng c nhc im l hnh nh b nhp nhy.

Qut khng xen k (non-interlaced): Cc dng qut c thc hin tun t. u im l hnh nh c th c iu chnh chnh xc v n nh nhng thit k mch in s kh hn v phi gii quyt vn tng di tn lm vic.213


Mn hnh CRT C 2 kiu qut tia in t nh hnh sau:

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Mn hnh LCD Tinh th lng (liquid crystal) l cht lng hu c m phn t ca n c kh nng phn cc nh sng dn n thay i cng sng.Trng tnh in c dng iu khin hng phn t tinh th lng. Thay v cc im nh ring bit l cc phn t pht sng c nh a ch mt cch tun t. Do vy, trn cc monitor ny hnh nh cng c pht ra tng dng mt. Qu trnh qut ngc cng khng cn na v y n gin ch l vic thay i a ch v phn t u dng tip theo215


Mn hnh Plasma Nguyn tc mn hnh Plasma ging nh nguyn tc n neon. Mn hnh plasma gm nhiu kh tr c hn kn tng ng vi mt im nh. Mi kh tr c hai in cc. Khi hiu in th vt qua gii hn nht nh, kh tr s ion ha v pht sng. Nguyn tc iu khin ca mn hnh ny n gin hn LCD nhng tiu th nhiu nng lng hn.216


Giao tip mn hnh & my tnh

B chuyn i VGA - DVI

Jc cm VGA v DVI

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Mn hnh Lp trnh cho mn hnh : INT 21h : Gi CTC phc v ngt 21h (DOS) AH : Hm chc nng (AH=2 : in 1 k t, AH=9 : vit ra 1 xu, ...) Hm AH=2 ca INT 21h l hm hin th 1 k t c m ASCII trong thanh ghi DL ra mn hnh. VD: Sau khi thc hin 3 lnh sau, trn mn hnh s xut hin ch ci A (m ASCII l 65):MOV MOV INT AH, 2 DL, 65 21h ; Dch v s hiu 2 ca ngt 21h - Hin k t ; M ASCII ca k t cn hin - 65 (41h) l A ; Gi CTC phc v ngt s hiu 21h

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Mn hnh VD1. Hy cho bit kt qu hin th ra mn hnh sau khi thc hin on lnh sau: MOV CL, 2 MOV AH, 2 MOV AL, 45h LAP: INC AL MOV CH, 3 MOV DL, AL QUAY: INT 21h DEC CH JNZ QUAY DEC CL JNE LAP RA: ....-> Kt qu in ra mn hnh: FFFGGG219


Card m thanh (Card Sound) Card m thanh: L thnh phn nhn, x l v pht m thanh. Mt s mainboard cng tch hp sn card ny. Nhng nhim v chnh ca card m thanh l: Nhn tn hiu m thanh Lu tr v x l tn hiu m thanh Pht m thanh Trao i tn hiu m thanh vi cc thit b khc220


Card m thanh (Card Sound)

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Card m thanh (Card Sound) Card m thanh gm nhng thnh phn chnh : Mch chuyn i tn hiu tng t sang tn hiu s (ADC) v t tn hiu s sang tn hiu tng t (DAC) B phn x l tn hiu s : x l v tng hp m thanh Card m thanh c kt ni vi my tnh qua bus ISA, PCI hoc c th hay tch hp ngay trong MainBoard.

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Card m thanh (Card Sound) Ly mu m thanh l qu trnh chuyn i tn hiu in t micro thnh tn hiu s nh b ADC. Tn hiu m thanh c micro chuyn thnh tn hiu in . Mt mu m thanh (sample sound) l mt gi tr nh phn i din cho bin m thanh ti mt thi im nht nh. c th khi phc li chnh xc tn hiu m thanh th tn s ly mu phi ln hn 2 ln tn s cc i ca tn hiu m thanh223


Card m thanh (Card Sound) Di tn s ca m thanh m tai con ngi c th cm nhn c l: 20 Hz 20000Hz Tn s ly mu ph bin trong cc card sound l: 41 000Hz. Tn s cao:tn b nh, cht lng m thanh tt.

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a cng Nguyn tc lu tr thng tin trn vt liu t: Thng tin l mt chui cc phn t nhim t. Trng thi ca mt bit (0,1) c xc nh da vo hng t trng ca tng phn t. Ghi d liu:

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a cng Ghi d liu ln vt liu t: Khi dng in chy qua dy dn ca u ghi, t trng xut hin trong khung cm t khin t trng ca cc phn t nhim t c hng nht nh. Chiu ca t trng ph thuc v chiu dng in. Bng cch thay i chiu dng in ta c th thay i hng t trng ca tng phn t

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a cng c d liu trn vt liu t: Khi u c chy qua mt vng nhim t, t trng xut hin trong khung gy ra dng in cm ng trong cun dy ca u c. Chiu ca dng in ph thuc vo chiu ca t trng ca cc phn t nhim t. Hiu in th cm ng ph thuc vo chiu dng in cun dy => phn bit c cc phn t nhim t. (~phn bit c cc bit 0,1).

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a cngb) c d liu

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a cng a cng L thit b in t dng lu tr thng tin. a cng c s dng lu tr h iu hnh, cc chng trnh ng dng v d liu. Trn a cng c gn cc ng c v cc mch iu khin a to thnh mt khi Bao gm nhiu tm a kim loi c xp ng trc chng ln nhau nm trong mt v bc kim loi.229


a cng a cng bao gm nhiu mt (Side) Trn mt mt c nhiu vng trn ng tm gi l rnh t (Track) Trn mt rnh t (Track) ta chia nh ra nhiu on gi l cung t (Sector) Cc rnh c cng bn knh nm trn cc mt khc nhau to nn mt mt tr (cylinder). VD: Tp hp tt c cc Track 0 to thnh Cylinder 0, Tp hp tt c cc Track 1 to thnh Cylinder 1230


a cng

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a cng Dung lng ca a cng kh ln. Mi mt mt a c mt u t c/ghi. Mi a c nhiu u t. u t c th di chuyn n mi sector trn mt a tng ng ca n nh hai ng c iu khin.

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a cng Mt ng c iu khin quay a u t c th ghi/c cc cung khc nhau trn mi vng trn rnh t. ng c th hai iu khin di chuyn u t dc theo bn knh ca a cho php a n cc rnh khc nhau ca b mt a.

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a cng Khi a quay, u t khng chm vo mt a m cch mt lp m khng kh. Khong cch gia mt a v u t ty theo tc quay v mt ghi d liu ca a v rt nh so vi kch thc a (khong 0.3 m).

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a cng Cc chun ni ghp a thng dng+ IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics): Mi im ni ghp cho php ni ti a 2 a. + SCSI (Small Computer System Interface): Cho php ni ghp ti a 7 hoc 15 thit b vo-ra. + SATA

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Cc cng ngh a quang 1. Nguyn tc lu tr quang Thng tin c lu tr trn a quang di dng thay i tnh cht quang ca b mt a. Tnh cht ny c pht hin qua cht lng phn x mt tia sng ca b mt a. Tia sng ny thng l mt tia LASER vi bc sng c nh (790nm n 850nm). B mt a c thay i khi ghi c th phn x tia laser tt hoc km.236


Cc cng ngh a quang a CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory)

D liu tn ti di dng cc mt phng (land) v cc l (pit).

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Cc cng ngh a quang Bit 1 tng ng vi s thay i t mt phng thnh l hay ngc li; cn nhng l hay mt phng ko di (khng c s thay i) tng ng vi bit 0.

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Cc cng ngh a quang a CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable) - Khi sn xut ra, cc a ny u l a trng (cha c thng tin). Sau c th khi d liu ln a ny nhng ch ghi c mt ln nh ghi CD-R ring. - CD-R c cu trc v hot ng tng t nh CD-ROM. Cu to gm nhiu lp, trong lp cha d liu l mt lp mu polymer hu c. Khi b tia laser t chy, lp mu ny chuyn sang mu en v ng vai tr nh cc l (pit) ca CD-ROM. - Cc a CD-R sau khi ghi c th c c t CD-ROM hoc t CD-R. Cc a CD-R cn c gi l WORM (write one read multiple).239


Cc cng ngh a quang a CD-RW (Compact Disk Rewriteable) - CD-RW c cu trc v hot ng tng t nh CD-R. Trong lp cha d liu l mt lp kim loi. - Nguyn tc ghi d liu da trn s thay i trng thi ca lp kim loi: trng thi tinh th (phn x nh sng - mt phng) v trng thi v nh hnh (khng phn x nh sng - vng l trong CD-ROM hay mu b t en trong CD-R). - Qu trnh thay i trng thi ny c th thay i bt k ty theo cng sut laser nn a CD-RW c th c ghi ri xa i ghi li nhiu ln. - thc hin nguyn tc ny, a CD-RW s dng 3 mc cng sut laser khc nhau: + Cng sut cao hay cn gi l cng sut ghi, dng to lp v nh hnh (lp khng phn x). + Cng sut va hay cn gi l cng sut xa, dng to lp tinh th (lp phn x). + Cng sut thp hay cn gi l cng sut c, dng c d liu nh CD thng.240


Cc cng ngh a quang a DVD (Digital Video Disk - a video s hay Digital Versatile Disk) - y l loi a quang c dung lng ln v c tc nhanh hn so vi cc a quang trn. - a DVD c th lu tr thng tin trn hai mt, mi mt c th c n 2 lp d liu. - Cc a DVD hin nay thng c dung lng l 4,7GB/mt hoc 9,4GB/mt. - Tc truy nhp c bn ca a DVD l 1,321Mbyte/s. - DVD cng c cc loi DVD-ROM, DVD-R v DVD-RW241


B nh trongB nh bn dn

B nh c nh ROM

B nh bn c dnh

BN c/vit RAM

ROM nh trnh bng mt n

B nh PROM

B nh EPROM

B nh EEPROM

B nh SRAM

B nh DRAM

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RAM (Random Access Memory) B nh truy cp ngu nhin:c th c/ghi nhiu ln,c hai loi: B nh RAM tnh SRAM (Static RAM) thng c xy dng trn cc mch in t flip-flop RAM ng DRAM (Dynamic RAM) c xy dng trn c s nh cc in thch t in

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ROM(Read Only Memory) ROM lp trnh theo kiu mt n c gi n gin l ROM. N c ch to trn mt phin silic theo mt s bc x l nh quang khc v khuch tn to ra nhng tip gip bn dn c tnh dn in theo mt chiu (nh diode, transistor trng). Ngi thit k nh r chng trnh mun ghi vo ROM v thng tin ny c s dng iu khin qu trnh lm mt n.

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PROM(Programmable ROM) PROM gm c cc diode vt cho. Mi diode li ddc ni tip vi mt cu ch. Bnh thng khi cha lp trnh, cc cu ch cn nguyn vn, ni dung ca PROM s ton l 0. Khi nh v n mt bit bng cch t mt xung in li ra tng ng, cu ch s b t v bit ny s l 1. C th lp trnh ton b cc bit trong ROM (1 ln duy nht)

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EPROM(Easable Programmable ROM) L loi ROM c th lp trnh v xo c, s liu c vit vo bng in nhng c th lu gi theo kiu khng bay hi. Mt nh EPROM c lm t 1 transistor c gi l FAMOST (Floating gate avanlanche injection MOS transistor).

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EEPROM(Electrically Erasable PROM) B nh ROM c th lp trnh c nhiu ln. EEPROM c th xo s liu bng phng php in khc phc nhc im ca ca s thch anh t v khng tin li.

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Chng 4-Lp trnh ghp ni1. Lp trnh ghp ni vi cng COM 2. Lp trnh ghp ni vi cng LPT 3. Lp trnh ghp ni vi cng USB

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1. Lp trnh ghp ni cng COM S dng ngn ng Visual Basic 6.0 v iu khin MsComm S dng ngn ng C#.NET v iu khin SerialPort

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Cc bc lp trnh Kim tra s tn ti v trng thi cc cng COM trn my Lp trnh thit lp cc thng s kt ni Lp trnh ng, m cng COM Lp trnh thc hin gi, nhn d liu qua cng COM Gi d liu qua cng COM Bt d liu nhn c t cng COM khi c s kin comEvReceive250


Lp trnh ghp ni cng COM S dng ngn ng Visual Basic 6.0 v iu khin MsComm

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Kim tra s tn ti ca cng COM Lin tc m cc cng (thng trong di t 1 n 4) Nu m cng c li th b qua Nu m cng thnh cng th thm vo danh sch cc cng c th s dng

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Thit lp cc thng s kt ni Cc thuc tnh chnh cn thit lp ComPort: S hiu cng COM Settings: thit lp tc , nh dng gi tin RThreshold: thit lp s k t nhn c trc khi iu khin MsComm sinh s kin comEvReceiveRThreshold=0 -> Khng bt c s kin nhn k t

SThreshold: thit lp s k t gi i trc khi iu khin MsComm sinh s kin comEvSendSThreshold=0 -> Khng bt c s kin gi k t

C th thit lp theo hai cch -S dng giao din ha -Lp trnhThit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni253

Thit lp cc thng s kt ni S dng giao din ha

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Thit lp cc thng s kt ni

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Lp trnh ng m cng COM ng m cng COM cn tc ng ln thuc tnh PortOpen ca iu khin MsComm PortOpen=True -> m cng COM PortOpen=False -> ng cng COM

Hai thuc tnh ny cng c s dng kim tra trng thi hin ti ca cng COM

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Lp trnh ng m cng COM With MSComm1 If .PortOpen = True Then .PortOpen = False Else .PortOpen = True If Err.Number 0 Then MsgBox Error Err.Clear End If End If End WithThit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni

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Lp trnh gi nhn d liu qua cng COM Gi d liu qua cng COM S dng thuc tnh Output ca iu khin MsCommVD: MsComm.Output=Test Send Data -> chui Test Send Data s c gi qua cng COM

Khi gi d liu, c th bt v x l s kin gi d liu comEvSend nu thit lp SThreshold >0

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Lp trnh gi nhn d liu qua cng COM Nhn d liu nhn v t cng COM Bt s kin comEvReceiveCh c th bt v x l s kin ny khi thuc tnh RThreshold c thit lp >0

c d liu thng qua thuc tnh InputD liu c c t b m nhn S lng k t c v ph thuc thuc tnh InputLen InputLen=0 -> c ton b b m nhn InputLen#0 -> c s lng k t bng gi tr thuc tnh InputLen259


Lp trnh gi nhn d liu qua cng COM

'Xu ly cac su kien voi dieu khien MSComm Private Sub MSComm1_OnComm() With MSComm1 Select Case MSComm1.CommEvent Case comEvReceive 'Khi nhan duoc du lieu Case comEvSend 'Khi gui du lieu End Select End With End Sub260


Lp trnh cng COM s dng VB 6.0 V d minh ha Chng trnh thu thp s liu nhit Chng trnh chat qua cng COM

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Chng trnh thu thp s liu nhit Cm mch o nhit vo my tnh qua cng COM Chn cng COM ph hp M cng COM Sau mi khong thi gian c thit lp (S dng Timer), chng trnh gi lnh xung giao tip vi mch o nhit , yu cu mch gi tr nhit ti thi im hin ti. Hin th s liu nhit 262


Chng trnh thu thp s liu nhit

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Chng trnh chat qua cng COM Hai chng trnh chy hai my, s dng dy cp ni hai cng COM ca hai my (hoc s dng cng COM o, ni theo kiu NULL modem) Ti mi my, chn cng COM ph hp v m cng Tin hnh chat, gi nhn tin nhn qua li gia hai my

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Chng trnh chat qua cng COM

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Lp trnh ghp ni cng COM S dng ngn ng C#.NET v iu khin SerialPort

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Kim tra s tn ti ca cng COM S dng hm GetPortNames ly v danh sch tt c cc cng COM trn my tnhString[] ComList=System.IO.Ports.SerialPort.GetPortNames();

kim tra trng thi cc cng, tin hnh m ln lt cc cng Nu m cng c li th chng t cng c m Nu m cng thnh cng th cng vn cha c m nn c th s dng c267


Thit lp cc thng s kt ni Cc thuc tnh chnh cn thit lp Baudrate: tc Databits: s bit data Parity: bit kim tra chn l PortName: s hiu cng COM ReceiveBytesThreshold: ngng nhn C th thit lp theo hai cch -S dng giao din ha -Lp trnhThit b ngoi vi v K thut ghp ni268

Thit lp cc thng s kt ni S dng giao din ha: ca s hin th thuc tnh ca i tng SerialPort

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Lp trnh ng m cng COM ng m cng COM cn s dng hai phng thc Phng thc Open: m cng COM Phng thc Close: ng cng COM

S dng thuc tnh IsOpen kim tra trng thi ca cng COM IsOpen=True -> cng ang c s dng IsOpen=False -> c ang ri

270


Lp trnh ng m cng COM if (!serialPort1.IsOpen) { serialPort1.Open(); } else { MessageBox.Show("Cng COM bn); }271


Lp trnh gi nhn d liu qua cng COM Gi d liu qua cng COM S dng phng thc Write ca i tng SerialPort VD: SerialPort1.Write(Test send method)

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Lp trnh gi nhn d liu qua cng COM Nhn d liu qua cng COM To hm bt s kin khi c d liu c nhn v qua cng COM

serialPort1.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(OnReceive); OnReceive: hm thc thi vic nhn d liu v x l c d liu s dng cc phng thcRead ReadExisting ReadLine 273


Lp trnh cng COM s dng C#.NET V d minh ha Chng trnh thu thp s liu nhit Chng trnh chat qua cng COM

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Chng trnh thu thp s liu nhit

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Chng trnh chat qua cng COM

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2. Lp trnh ghp ni vi cng LPT T Windows 2000 tr i khng cho php lp trnh truy xut trc tip cc cng vo ra

S dng th vinVD: Inpout32.dll

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Lp trnh ghp ni vi cng LPT Lp trnh s dng Visual Basic 6.0 Lp trnh s dng C#.NET

278


Lp trnh s dng Visual Basic 6.0 Cch s dng th vin lin kt ng (DLL) trong VB 6 Khai bo s dng th vin v cc hm trong th vin

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Lp trnh s dng Visual Basic 6.0a ch cng D liu c vo t cng hoc mun ghi ra cng

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Chng trnh minh ha Thu thp s liu nhit

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Lp trnh s dng C#.NET Cch s dng th vin lin kt ng (DLL) trong C#.NET Khai bo s dng Namespace: InteropServices using System.Runtime.InteropServices; Khai bo cc th vin v cc hm cn s dng[DllImport("inpout32.dll")] public static extern int Inp32(int PortAddress); [DllImport("inpout32.dll")] public static extern int Out32(int PortAddress, int value);

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Lp trnh s dng C#.NETa ch cng D liu c vo t cng hoc mun ghi ra cng

283


3. Lp trnh ghp ni cng USB S dng Visual Basic 6.0 S dng C#.NET

Windows API functions

284


Lp trnh ghp ni cng USB Cch tra cu v s dng hm API Tra cu hm API: s dng b phn mm APIGuide S dng hm API: khai bo th vin, cc hm, cc cu trc cho cc tham s ca hm (nu cn thit)

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Phn mm API-Guide

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Ghp ni vi USB Joystick

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Cu trc JOYINFO Windows nh ngha cu trc JOYINFO lu cc thng tin v tnh trng cc nt bm trn JoystickNt tri, phi Nt ln, xung Cc nt chc nng: 1, 2, 3, 4, L1, L2, R1, R2, Select, Start

288


Cu trc JOYINFO wXpos wXpos=0 -> nt sang tri c bm wXpos=65535 -> nt sang phi c bm

wYpos wYpos=0 -> nt ln c bm wYpos=65535 -> nt xung c bm

wButtons: mi bit biu din trng thi ca mt nt chc nng VD: Button 1 -> bit 0, Button 2 -> bit 1289


Chng trnh kim tra Joystick

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V d s dng USB Joystick Tr chi xp hnh (Tetris) Xp hnh 2DS dng Visual Basic 6.0 S dng C#.NET

Xp hnh 3DS dng C#.NET

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peripheral and interfacing

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