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Personality Discover the Real You!

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Page 1: Personality BM

8/3/2019 Personality BM

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/personality-bm 1/29

Personality

Discover the Real You!

Page 2: Personality BM

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“Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.” 

Four major perspectives on Personality

Psychoanalytic - unconscious motivations

Trait - specific dimensions of personality

Humanistic - inner capacity for growth

Social-Cognitive - influence of environment

Page 3: Personality BM

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Psychoanalytic Perspective “firstcomprehensive theory of personality” 

Unconscious

the mind is like an iceberg - mostly hidden” 

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The Unconscious

Conscious Awareness small part above surface

(Preconscious)

Repressionbanishing unacceptablethoughts & passions to

unconsciousDreams & Slips

Unconscious

below the surface(thoughts, feelings,wishes, memories)

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Freud & Personality Structure

“Personality arises from conflict twixt aggressive,pleasure-seeking impulsesand social restraints” 

EgoSuperEgo

Id

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Freud & Personality Structure

Id - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives Pleasure Principle

Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic ways Reality Principle

Super Ego- voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave

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Freud & Personality Development

personality forms during the first few years of life,rooted in unresolvedconflicts of early childhood” 

Psychosexual Stages

Oral (0-18 months) - centered on the mouth

Anal (18-36 months) - focus on bowel/bladder

Phallic (3-6 yrs) - focus on genitals/“Oedipus Complex”(Identification &Gender Identity)

Latency (6-puberty) - sexuality is dormant

Genital (puberty on) - sexual feelings toward others

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Defense Mechanisms

Id

SuperEgo

Ego

When the inner wargets out of hand, the

result is Anxiety

Ego protects itself viaDefense Mechanisms

Defense Mechanisms reduce/redirect anxiety by distorting reality

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Defense Mechanisms

• Repression - banishes certain thoughts/feelings from consciousness(underlies all other defense mechanisms)

• Regression - retreating to earlier stage of fixated development

• Reaction Formation - ego makes unacceptable impulses appear astheir opposites

• Projection - attributes threatening impulses to others

• Rationalization - generate self-justifying explanations to hide the realreasons for our actions

• Displacement - divert impulses toward a more acceptable object

• Sublimation - transform unacceptable impulse into something sociallyvalued

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Trait Perspective

No hidden personality dynamics just basic personality dimensions

Traits - people’s characteristic behaviors & conscious motives

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - classify people based upon responses to126 questions

Extraversion/Introversion

Emotional Stability/Instability

Expanded set of factors

“The Big 5” 

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The Big Five

Introversion Calm/AnxiousSecure/Insecure

Extraversion Sociable/RetiringFun Loving/Sober

Openness Imaginative/PracticalIndependent/Conforming

Agreeableness Soft-Hearted/Ruthless

Trusting/Suspicious

Conscientiousness Organized/DisorganizedCareful/Careless

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Personalities

• Type A Personality – oriented toward extreme achievement, impatience, and

perfectionism.

Type A Personality Indicators

 Always moving, walking, and eating rapidly

Impatient, disliking waiting Doing or trying to do several things at once Feeling guilty when relaxing

Trying to schedule more in less time Using nervous gestures such as clenched fists Hurrying or interrupting the speech of others

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Perceptions

 – the process through which people receive and interpretinformation from the environment.

• Perception sometimes causes attribution errors as we explain

events and problems.

• Impression management is a way of influencing how othersperceive us.

EMOTIONAL HONESTY

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Construct your STORY… 

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The Humanistic Perspective

Maslow and Rogers

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Maslow & Self-Actualization

Self-Actualization

the process of fulfilling ourpotential

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Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective

People are basically good with actualizing tendencies

Given the right environmental conditions, we will developto our full potentials

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Social-Cognitive Perspective

Behavior learned through conditioning & observation

What we think about our situation affects our behavior

Interaction of Environment & Intellect

Personal/ Cognitive

Factors

Environment

FactorsBehavior

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Personal Control

Internal Locus of Control

You pretty much control your own destiny

External Locus of Control

Luck, fate and/or powerful others control your destiny

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Thank YOU!