PowerPoint

Chemical industries program (Petroleum track)PresentBy :Mohammed Shaaban Fouad Founder and CEO of chemical Engineering academy

Session 3 :

1- Normal, vacuum distillation and utilities .2- Refinery processes .

Crude oil way

Oil , water , salts and associated gas

3-phase separatorassociated gas

oilWater Salts

Pump farm

Oil from another wells Equalization tanks

Desalting Dehydration For distillation

For wet crudes more than 0.1% volume water , salts

Fractionation factory

Pumping and pipe linesFloating cover tanksHeat integrationHeat exchangers Steam from utilities Oven Flow gases from distillation Flash distillation Distillation tower Distillation towerTo vacuum distillation unit To heat integration then coolers Coolers Sea water Floating cover tanks Totreatment , Petrochemicals ,or fuel sale

Distillation column

Theory : Mechanism :

Lets learn mechanism

Symbol :

Trays :

Types of trays

Efficiency and actual number of stages

If one tower is used :Height = (n+1) * 60 cm

One tower is not good choice :

High different temperature

So three options can be used : Successive evaporation : (products from condenser )Successive condensation : ( products from reboiler )Brugmas method : ( products from final towers)Control system :

Vacuum distillation

Utilities

Ion exchange for DI water air cooling towerCompresses air for control systemWaste water treatment

Go to BFD for fractions treatment

lets learn about oil and gas uses

Gas processing

To remove contaminations from gas

Amine treating

Claus sulfur process

2 H2S + 3 O2 2 SO2 + 2 H2O2 H2S + SO2 3 S + 2 H2O70% in the furnace 20% in 1st catalytic reactor 5% in 2nd catalytic reactor 3% in 3rd catalytic reactor 2% not reacted

Merox treaters To convert any mercaptans to liquid hydrocarbon disulfides

For LPG :

For kerosene and jet fuel :

Hydro treatingTo convert nitrogen to ammonia , sulfur to hydrogen sulfide and remove them

heater (600-800 F) and then charged under pressure (up to 1,000 psi)

Isomeration plant

To convert normal c4 ,5,6 to iso230-340 F 200-300 psi

Catalytic reforming To convert high naphtha to reformate with high octane number

Lets learn about cracking and reforming

Hydro cracking

Alkylation To convert isobutane and low-molecular-weight alkenes (primarily a mixture of propene and butene) into an alkylate

FCC

Delayed coker

Asphalt blowing

To enhance physical properties of asphalt

Hydrogen synthesis Hydrogen sulfide production

Thanks for listening

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