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The functions of blood are:

(a) to transport oxygen and digested food(nutrients) to cells.

(b) to transport waste products like urea and carbon dioxide from body tissues to excretory

organs.

(c) to maintain body temperature at 37 degree celcius by spreading heat to all parts of the

body. [Type a quote from the document or the summary of an interesting point.

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(d) to carry hormones to body tissues to regulate body processes

Compare and function of blood

Red Blood Cells

(a)The main function of the red blood cell is to transport oxygen from the lungs, to the other

tissues and cells of the body. At the lungs, haemoglobin molecules bind themseles to the

oxygen molecules and moe to the heart. !rom the heart, the same oxygen"containing blood

is pumped to the rest of the body parts (muscles, tissues and other organs).

(b)The other function of red blood cells is to carry carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide is then

excreted through the blood plasma and the red blood cells.The red blood cells play a ma#or

role in eliminating carbon dioxide from the cells.

(c)$ed blood cells hae a biconcae shape and do not hae a nucleus.

(d)$ed blood cells contain haemoglobin which combines with oxygen to form

oxyhaemoglobin.%xyhaemoglobin releases oxygen when it reaches body cells.

(e)$ed blood cells are produced in the bone marrow.

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White Blood Cells(leukocytes)

(a)*hite blood cells are larger in si+e and do not hae irregular shape.

(b) can lie for 3 to days on an aerage.

(c) *hite blood cells circulate between the cardioascular and lymphatic system and

leukocytes mature in the lymph nodes.*hen a part of the body is infected, leukocytes will

escape from the blood essels and moe to the site of infection.

(d)The function of the white blood cell is to protect the body from foreign materials and

infectious agents. They defend the body against arious types of infections by producing

antibodies.

(e) a consistently high leel of white blood cells can be an indicator of leukemia, a type of

cancer.

Plasma

(a) &lasma is the li-uid portion of the blood. This slightly yellow fluid is made up of /

percent of water.

(b) &lasma transport nutrients throughout the body.

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(c) the plasma transports waste products, such as uric acid from the cells of the body to the

kidneys. The kidneys filter these wastes out of the plasma and excrete them from the body as

urine.

(d) &lasma also carries other proteins besides albumin throughout the body.

1mmunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are proteins that fight off foreign substances,

such as bacteria, that inade the body.

Platelets

(a) Platelets are only about 0/2 of the diameter of red blood cells, which is the most

numerous cell of the blood.

(b) &latelets are produced by a ery large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes.

(c) &latelets contain many structures that are critical to stop bleeding. They contain proteins

on their surface that allow them to stick to the blood essel wall and also help to stick to each

other.

(d)The function of the platelets is to clot blood in a wound to preent the loss of an excessieamount of blood.

(e)The lifespan of platelets are ery short,ie from a few hours to nine days.

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Blood groups

(a)lood is classified into four groups, which is A,,A and %.

(b)" blood group A has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti" antibodies in the

plasma

" blood group B has antigens with anti"A antibodies in the plasma

"blood group has no antigens but both anti"A and anti" antibodies in the plasma

"blood group AB has both A and antigens but no antibodies

The following table is the types of blood groups and is its percentage of blood types in the

world4s population.

lood Type &ercentage of people(2)

A5 3

A" 6 5 3

"

A5 3

A"

%5 /

%" 7

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Blood !roup "onor and Recepient

(a)A person who donates his blood to another is called a blood donor while the person who

receies blood from another is called a recipient.

(b) The blood type (or the group) that a person belongs to, is determined by the red blood

cells of the body. Antigens are tiny markers that are present on the surface of these red blood

cells, and these antigens are uni-ue for eery indiidual. These antigens help medical

professionals determine a person4s blood group and during blood transfusions, these antigens

need to be matched correctly. !ailure to do so, can result in a lot of complications during the

blood transfusion process.1n serious condition,the recipient will die.


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(c)&eople with blood group % can donate blood to people haing blood groups %,A, and

A.ecause of this ,people with blood group % are called uniersal donors.

(d) &eople with blood group A can reciee blood from people with blood groups %,A, and

A.Thus,people with blood groups A are called uniersal recipients.

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#mortance of donating blood


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(a) 9onating blood saes people:s lies from car accident and other tragedies

(b) The blood supply needs constant replenishment.

(c) There is no substitute for human blood.

(d) Adances in life"saing techni-ue which re-uire blood.

"lood donation is safe and painless

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$andling and storage of blood


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(a)ach blood donor must be tested beforehand to know his or her blood group.;e or she

must be examined by a doctor to ensure that his or her body is healthy enough for blood

donation.

(b)efore blood is transfused into a patient,it must be tested to ensure that it is free from

diseases like hepatitis and

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