photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1 adv 1st en rev-c (1)

GOM mbH Mittelweg 7-8 D-38106 Braunschweig E-Mail: [email protected] Germany Fax: +49 (0) 531 390 29 15 Tel.: +49 (0) 531 390 29 0 www.gom.com

photo

gram

metry

-v7-5

-sr1_

adv_

1st_e

n_re

v-c

11-S

ep-2

012

Photogrammetry

V7.5 SR1 Manual

Advanced

Photogrammetry Advanced / Units A-C

Notes

2 (4) Photogrammetry Advanced / Units A-C photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_1st_en_rev-c 11-Sep-2012

Notes Standard Symbols In this user manual the following signal words may be used:

This label points to a situation that might be dangerous and could lead to serious bodily harm or to death.

This label points to a situation that might be dangerous and could lead to light bodily harm.

This label points to a situation in which the product or an object in the vicinity of the prod-uct might be damaged.

This label indicates important application notes and other useful information.

Safety and Health Hazard Notes

To avoid accidents and damages to the devices, please ob-serve the safety and health hazard notes in the camera-specific User Information! Legal Notes No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translations, transformations or adaptations) without the prior written permission of GOM. GOM reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes in content from time to time without obligation on the part of GOM to provide notification of such revision or change. GOM provides this manual without warranty of any kind, either implied or expressed, including, but not limited, to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular pur-pose. GOM may improve or change the manual and/or the product(s) described herein at any time. Copyright 2012 GOM mbH All rights reserved!

Information about the Training Document The training Photogrammetry - Advanced consists of several units that are based on each other chronologically from simple to complex contents. Each unit has a demonstration and an exercise part if possible. In the Demonstration the trainer explains the contents and shows the workflow in concrete examples. The Exercise helps the training participants to repeat and consolidate the newly learned. Overview of the Units Unit A Photogrammetry Advanced Unit B CMM Inspection Unit C Evaluation of Photogrammetry Data Training Goal At the end of the training you will be able: Carry out a photogrammetry stage project. Perform a CMM inspection using adapters. Capture measuring data and create point components. Evaluate trend and static deformations.

Table of Contents

photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_1st_en_rev-c 11-Sep-2012 Photogrammetry Advanced / Units A-C 3 (4)

Table of Contents

Photogrammetry Advanced / Units A-C

Notes 2 Standard Symbols _________________________________ 2 Safety and Health Hazard Notes ______________________ 2 Legal Notes ______________________________________ 2 Information about the Training Document _______________ 2 Overview of the Units _______________________________ 2 Training Goal _____________________________________ 2

Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit A _________________ 1 (photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_a_en_rev-c) __________________________ 1

A Inspection - Advanced _______________________ 3 A 1 Manual and Training Documentation _____________ 3 A 2 Introduction ________________________________ 3 A 2.1 Fields of Application _______________________________ 3 A 2.2 Capturing Measuring Data __________________________ 3 A 2.3 Evaluating the Measuring Data ______________________ 4 A 3 The Photogrammetry System __________________ 4 A 3.1 Principle ________________________________________ 4 A 3.2 Preparation of the Measuring Setup ___________________ 5 A 3.2.1 Covering Different Measuring Volumes ________________ 5 A 3.2.2 Preparation of the Measuring Object __________________ 6 A 3.3 Capturing the Images ______________________________ 8 A 3.3.1 Evaluating the Data _______________________________ 9

Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit B _________________ 1 (photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_b_en_rev-c) __________________________ 1

B CMM Inspection ____________________________ 3 B 1.1 Demonstration ___________________________________ 3 B 1.2 Measuring with Adapters ___________________________ 3 B 1.2.1 Single Point Adapters ______________________________ 3 B 1.2.2 Multipoint Adapters ________________________________ 3 B 1.2.3 Identification of Multipoint Adapters ___________________ 4 B 2 Aligning the Measuring Data ___________________ 8 B 2.1 Initial Alignment __________________________________ 8 B 2.1.1 3-Point Alignment _________________________________ 8 B 2.1.2 3-2-1 ___________________________________________ 9 B 2.1.3 Best-Fit by Reference Points _______________________ 10 B 2.1.4 Alignment by Alignment Cross ______________________ 11 B 2.2 Main Alignment __________________________________ 11 B 2.2.1 RPS __________________________________________ 11 B 2.2.2 Local Best-Fit ___________________________________ 11 B 2.3 Exercise 1: Advanced Inspection Part I _______________ 13 B 2.4 Evaluating the Measuring Data _____________________ 18 B 2.4.1 Creation of Fitting Elements ________________________ 18 B 2.4.2 Measuring Principles _____________________________ 19 B 2.4.3 GD&T - Inspection _______________________________ 19 B 2.4.4 Contrast Lines - Inspection _________________________ 22 B 2.5 Exercise 2: Advanced Inspection Part II _______________ 24

Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit C _________________ 1 (photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_c_en_rev-c) __________________________ 1

C Evaluating the Photogrammetry Data __________ 3 C 1.1 Demonstration ___________________________________ 3 C 1.2 Creating a Stage Project ___________________________ 3 C 1.2.1 Functional Principle _______________________________ 3

C 1.3 Creating Components from Point Clouds _______________ 4 C 2 Aligning the Measuring Data ____________________ 5 C 2.1 Stage Behavior for Transformation ____________________ 6 C 2.2 Rigid Body Motion Compensation_____________________ 7 C 2.2.1 Transform by Component ___________________________ 7 C 3 Evaluation (Inspection) ________________________ 8 C 3.1 Trend ___________________________________________ 9 C 3.2 Deformation Evaluation (Inspection) ___________________ 9 C 3.2.1 Constructing Elements _____________________________ 9 C 3.2.2 Inspecting the Elements with I-Inspect ________________ 10 C 3.2.3 Loading Measuring Data as Further Stages ____________ 13 C 3.2.4 Evaluating the Measuring Data ______________________ 13 C 3.3 Exercise 3: Deformation ___________________________ 14

Table of Contents

4 (4) Photogrammetry Advanced / Units A-C photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_1st_en_rev-c 11-Sep-2012

Inspection - Advanced Table of Contents

A photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_a_en_rev-c 11-Sep-2012

Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit A 1 (10)

Table of Contents Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit A (photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_a_en_rev-c) A Inspection - Advanced _______________________ 3 A 1 Manual and Training Documentation _____________ 3 A 2 Introduction _________________________________ 3 A 2.1 Fields of Application _______________________________ 3 A 2.2 Capturing Measuring Data __________________________ 3 A 2.3 Evaluating the Measuring Data _______________________ 4 A 3 The Photogrammetry System ___________________ 4 A 3.1 Principle ________________________________________ 4 A 3.2 Preparation of the Measuring Setup ___________________ 5 A 3.2.1 Covering Different Measuring Volumes ________________ 5 A 3.2.2 Preparation of the Measuring Object __________________ 6 A 3.3 Capturing the Images ______________________________ 8 A 3.3.1 Evaluating the Data ________________________________ 9

Inspection - Advanced

2 (10) Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit A photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_a_en_rev-c 11-Sep-2012

Inspection - Advanced Manual and Training Documentation



A Inspection - Advanced

A 1 Manual and Training Documentation This manual addresses users who are experienced in photogramme-try and inspection. It is manual and training documentation at the same time. However, we will shortly point to the basics, if required, in order to get an extensive overview of photogrammetry and the evalua-tion of tendencies or static deformations. It is the goal of this manual to enable the user to independently carry out photogrammetry measurements and perform trend and defor-mation analyses using a corresponding evaluation.

A 2 Introduction The basis of trend and deformation is the analysis of object defor-mations or movements by comparing different static states. This func-tion may be used both in TRITOP and ATOS XL. Digital images taken with a photogrammetry camera from different views are evaluated. The image set represents the current state of the object. After the state changed, the user records a new image set. Each image set is defined as a so-called stage. As reference point markers are applied to the object in the very beginning, the software computes the 3D co-ordinates of each reference point. By comparing the reference points in the individual stages, changes can be analyzed and evaluated.

A 2.1 Fields of Application Monitoring of a running production process Repeatability checks, verification of measuring means Deformation analysis after mechanical and/or thermal load was ap-

plied (e.g. climatic chamber) Deformation analysis of complex measuring objects or parts in an

assembly (gap changes, flush changes) Deformation analysis in load and aging tests

A 2.2 Capturing Measuring Data Coded and uncoded reference point markers are applied to the meas-uring object and its environment. In the software, the reference points on the measuring object are grouped to so-called point components or are used for creating fitting elements. Based on the arrangement of the reference point markers, three-dimensional geometries and de-pendencies can be calculated.

Using a photogrammetry camera, the user takes multiple images which are then oriented in the software. This results in an image set or a measurement series.

The goal of an image set is to capture as much reference point mark-ers from different views as possible. The reference point markers should be evenly distributed on the image area.

Each coded reference point marker must be captured in at least three images in order for the software to include this point into the computation.

The Photogrammetry System Inspection - Advanced


In the software, the user creates a so-called stage project. Each stage reflects a state of the measuring object. After the measuring object changed, the user records a new image set within the respective stage using the photogrammetry camera. Afterwards, the differences between the stages may be evaluated in the software. You may repeat this process until you captured all required states of the object. You may also use the CAD data as reference in order to evaluate each stage against the CAD data. The changes between the single stages can be evaluated as well. Therefore, you need to define a stage as reference and all the other stages provide the measuring da-ta for the changes.

A 2.3 Evaluating the Measuring Data After you captured all images for the different stages, you may use the software to compute three-dimensional displacements and defor-mations of objects and components. A reference stage is defined and the coordinate system is aligned ac-cordingly. The movements captured in the individual stages may be computed with respect to this reference stage and displayed graph-ically. If there is CAD data available, you may also evaluate the meas-uring data. You may evaluate the movement of individual points or entire vector fields. You may construct elements. Based on them you may carry out measurements and further analyses. As for the normal inspection, you may create report templates and document your measuring results.

A 3 The Photogrammetry System

A 3.1 Principle The photogrammetry camera together with the application software is an industrial, non-contact optical measuring system for the exact 3D coordinate acquisition of determined points of one or several measur-ing objects. In order to cover different measuring volumes, we offer different pho-togrammetry camera systems with different with different resolutions and measuring volumes. The objects to be captured and their geometrical shape are recorded in a multiple images. These images must show recurrent point pat-terns so that the software can evaluate the data. These points are defined by the user by applying so-called uncoded reference point markers on the measuring object. In the measuring setup, coded reference point markers and scale bars with defined dimensions are placed in order to be able to correctly compute the 3D coordinates of the reference points and the dimen-sions in the images. For orientation, additional orientation crosses are used. A special orientation cross having an X, Y marking is available for an easy alignment.

Inspection - Advanced The Photogrammetry System



A 3.2 Preparation of the Measuring Setup For an inspection in a photogrammetry project three working steps are mandatory: Preparation of the measuring object, capturing the images, evaluating the data.

A 3.2.1 Covering Different Measuring Volumes Due to the size of the measuring object you need to choose a camera that covers the required measuring volume.

Canon EOS 1Ds Mark III with WiFi module Nikon D300s with WiFi module

Image size [pixels] 5616 x 3744 4288 x 2848

Chip size [mm] 36.0 x 24.0 23.6 x 15.8

Pixel size [m] 6.4 5.5

Opening angle of the camera 71.5 52.6

Object resolution at 2 m distance [mm] 0.51 0.46

View through the viewfinder at the same camera distance.

The Nikon camera is suitable for small and medium-sized objects or sites where enough space is available. The Canon camera can be used for larger measuring objects. It might be useful to use both cameras for one measuring project. You will find a detailed description in section A 3.3 Capturing the Images.



A 3.2.2 Preparation of the Measuring Object Prepare the measuring object by using uncoded and coded reference points. Position the scale bars and orientation crosses at and on the measuring object. The positioning of the reference point markers depends on your measurement and inspection tasks. On the surface of the measuring object it is useful to mark special details that can be evaluated during the inspection. When considering the position of the reference points, bear in mind that you need to create components for the deformation later. A component must contain at least four points. Uncoded refer-ence points need to be evenly distributed and that way to be found in each image.

Glove compartment, prepared for a climatic chamber test

Uncoded reference points on the opener of the glove compartment

If you would like to measure a gap change or other deformation ef-fects (e.g. connected with a temperature change), you need to posi-tion uncoded reference points at the respective areas on the measur-ing object. When you add the images to the software, you need to enter the Marker material thickness in the dialog Photogrammetry Settings. The software takes these data into account during the evaluation.




Distance measurement between the reference points after a temperature change

Never use two reference point markers with the same code within one measuring setup because this causes severe computation er-rors. Do not move coded reference point markers within one image set.

In order to easily and fast equip a measuring object with several cod-ed reference point markers, the so-called orientation crosses may be used. One cross shows markers with the IDs 360 to 368 and is identi-fied with a green X and a blue Y. Using this cross, the software auto-matically defines the coordinate system.

Example: Orientation cross determines the coordinate system.

In order to determine the dimensions in a photogrammetry measuring project, scale bars are mandatory.

Bear in mind that scale bars and orientation crosses need to have the same temperature as the measuring object e.g. in the climatic chamber tests.

You may place the scale bars anywhere in the measuring project. If possible, position one scale bar in line with the object and the other one diagonally to the object. However, do not place them directly next to each other.

The same scale bar can be moved between two finished image sets (stages). Do not move the scale bar as long as the data capturing for a stage is not finished.

Adapters are a good possibility to capture reference points at difficult measuring areas. There are different adapter types available e.g. for threaded hole (center point), circular hole (center point), sphere (center point if the sphere diameter is known), cone, cylinder (rotation axis if the cylinder diameter is known and intersec-

tion point of the rotation axis with the plane where the adapter is placed on),



edge, gap (edge point) and

plane. All adapters are equipped with reference points for identification in the software. Adapters having only one reference point are used for the 3D deter-mination of circular and threaded holes. Adapters having several reference points, in the following called mul-tipoint adapters, are used for the 3D determination of the other ele-ments mentioned (sphere, cone, cylinder, edge, gap, plane). All multipoint adapters have specific reference point constellations so they can automatically be identified by the TRITOP software. The required reference point file is either already installed in your sys-tem or needs to be imported from the adapter data CD into the sys-tem. This CD is delivered with the respective adapter set, since each adapter set is unique. Each multipoint adapter has its own serial number. The serial number is also included in the reference point file.

A 3.3 Capturing the Images For a simple photogrammetry you need to capture an image set as it is described in the basics. In order to evaluate static deformations, you need stage projects to measure the changes between single stages. That means that you need to capture a separate image set for each image set. You need to set up the camera before you start capturing the image set (focus, aperture, resolution, ...). Never change these settings dur-ing capturing. If you add the images to the measuring PC using WiFi, you may check the capturing results immediately. The wizard displays and examines each image that the software receives. Images suitable for computa-tion are marked green ( ). Images which are not suitable due to overexposure, underexposure, blurs etc. are marked red ( ) and the error is explained. You may delete these images directly in the wizard. As long as you do not change the measurement setup, you may cap-ture additional images at any time. When the WiFi connection is used, the software puts the images directly into the image set. Capture four images of the object from above so that the software has the possibility to correct the lens distortion. You should capture the object in several levels with a sufficient amount of images in order to see as much reference point markers from different viewing angles as possible.




Image shooting method for large objects Capturing the calibration and measuring images from different positions

You should take also the images that you need for evaluation (for the report) into account. Consider the right viewing angle and all neces-sary details. With large objects it might be necessary to capture details in various areas in addition to the whole object. Therefore dependent measure-ment series are particularly useful. You may create them via Acquisi-tion Measurement Series New....

Creating a dependent photogrammetry measurement series

Do not change the settings of the camera within one photogrammetry measurement series.

For a second measuring camera or changed settings of the camera you need to capture an additional measurement series. For this series the reference points from the original measurement series are used as well. As with the main measurement series, you need to perform the calibration measurement series for the second camera.

A 3.3.1 Evaluating the Data After the first photogrammetry measurement series was captured, you may prepare the data for the subsequent evaluation. In Unit B you will

Calib

ratio

n

Level 0

Level -1

Level +1



find application examples for adapters, an overview of various align-ment possibilities and the usage of fitting elements as well as their evaluation in the GD&T inspection. In this tutorial the topic deformation is described in the Unit C. Since deformation is inspected in stage projects, it is demonstrated how to create necessary components out of point clouds. Subsequently, addi-tional alignment characteristics between the single stages including the rigid body movement are demonstrated. It is described how to construct elements that are necessary for evaluation and to assign measuring principles to elements using the function I-Inspect. At the end, the inspections will be evaluated. After all evaluations are prepared, additional photogrammetry meas-urement series can be loaded as stages. With the function Recalcu-late Project, the software recalculates the evaluation completely. That way the development in the area of "Trend" or the static deformation changes can be displayed immediately. The evaluated data from Unit B or from the topic deformation can be directly used for a report template in the workspace Report.

CMM Inspection Table of Contents

photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_b_en_rev-c 11-Sep-2012 Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit B 1 (28)

Table of Contents Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit B (photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_b_en_rev-c) B CMM Inspection _____________________________ 3 B 1.1 Demonstration ____________________________________ 3 B 1.2 Measuring with Adapters ___________________________ 3 B 1.2.1 Single Point Adapters ______________________________ 3 B 1.2.2 Multipoint Adapters ________________________________ 3 B 1.2.3 Identification of Multipoint Adapters ___________________ 4 B 2 Aligning the Measuring Data ____________________ 8 B 2.1 Initial Alignment ___________________________________ 8 B 2.1.1 3-Point Alignment _________________________________ 8 B 2.1.2 3-2-1 ___________________________________________ 9 B 2.1.3 Best-Fit by Reference Points _______________________ 10 B 2.1.4 Alignment by Alignment Cross ______________________ 11 B 2.2 Main Alignment __________________________________ 11 B 2.2.1 RPS ___________________________________________ 11 B 2.2.2 Local Best-Fit ___________________________________ 11 B 2.3 Exercise 1: Advanced Inspection Part I _______________ 13

Task _________________________________________________ 13 Workflow _____________________________________________ 13

B 2.4 Evaluating the Measuring Data ______________________ 18 B 2.4.1 Creation of Fitting Elements ________________________ 18 B 2.4.2 Measuring Principles ______________________________ 19 B 2.4.3 GD&T - Inspection _______________________________ 19 B 2.4.4 Contrast Lines - Inspection _________________________ 22 B 2.5 Exercise 2: Advanced Inspection Part II _______________ 24

Task _________________________________________________ 24 Workflow _____________________________________________ 24

Table of Contents CMM Inspection

2 (28) Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit B photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_b_en_rev-c 11-Sep-2012

CMM Inspection Aligning the Measuring Data


B CMM Inspection

B 1.1 Demonstration In this unit we describe how to work with adapters. Therefore we use multipoint adapters as well as single point adapters in order to exam-ine the different behavior of both adapter types in the software. After the adapters we turn our attention to the different alignments. Ini-tial and main alignments will be taken into account. How to construct fitting elements and their GD&T inspection we also describe in this unit.

B 1.2 Measuring with Adapters The adapters allow capturing areas which are only difficult or impossi-ble to reach with the non-contact measuring technique, like e.g. edg-es, gap, curved surfaces or bore holes. There are single point and multipoint adapters available. Additionally, you may create individual adapters which format is similar to that of the GOM adapters. That means that the geometry needs to be similar but the dimensions can vary. In the software, an adapter element always is displayed with a plane, a line segment and a point in addition to the adapter reference points.

B 1.2.1 Single Point Adapters As a default, there are various single point adapters available. Usually, we use them to identify circular holes or bore holes. The photogram-metry software treats single point adapters like normal uncoded refer-ence points. When you use uncoded reference points to define a plane, you need to consider the point thickness. The diameter of the adapter points needs to be considered as well.

For single point adapters, the center point of the adapter is projected onto the plane of the hole or bore. The plane of the hole must be de-scribed by means of reference points close to the hole, since it is iden-tified through it.

B 1.2.2 Multipoint Adapters There are multipoint adapters for various applications, like e.g. deter-mining edge points or sphere diameters. You may also use them to define cylinders and spheres or determine planes. Every multipoint adapter will have assigned so-called basic geome-tries that will be created automatically after the identification of the adapter, e.g. 3 orthogonal planes for a cylinder adapter. These basic geometries allow the 3D determination of the element to be measured.

Aligning the Measuring Data CMM Inspection


All multipoint adapters have specific reference point constellations so they can automatically be identified by the photogrammetry software.

B 1.2.3 Identification of Multipoint Adapters Each adapter set is delivered with an adapter data CD that contains the precise data of each adapter. Thus, each adapter and each CD are unique. The adapters may be identified automatically via the soft-ware. As a prerequisite for this, the reference point file needs be in the system. It should be under Edit Application Settings Prefer-ences... You find the list of the available adapters in the system under the point Templates.

Adapters in the preferences

Using the import function, you may load the data from the CD.

Importing the adapters

The simplest way to recognize adapters in the photogrammetry measurement series is using the function Identify Adapters. Bear in mind that only adapters that are already in the system can be recog-nized.



Function Identify Adapters in the main toolbar of the workspace Photogrammetry

A second identification option works via the location. Here, the adapter should also be already in the system available. This procedure is part of the exercise 1. Usually, the edge points are planned as measuring points on the CAD. The edge adapter that is placed on the measuring object is captured with photogrammetry. We construct at the same location an adapter point as it is displayed in the photogrammetry measurement series on the measuring object using Construct Point Edge Point....

Constructing the edge points

Using I-Inspect and the menu item Adapter..., we assign the measur-ing principle Edge Adapter to the edge point.

Assigning the measuring principle Edge adapter to the selected points

After the alignment of the data to CAD, the software automatically identifies the edge adapter via the location. On four locations on the measuring object exist Hubbs Targets. First, the software recognizes these single point adapters as uncoded refer-ence point markers. After the alignment, the software identifies the adapters via the surrounding reference points due to the constructed one-point adapters on the CAD. Therefore, in the second part of the exercise 1, we create circles using Construct Auto 2D Element (Nominal)... at the four locations of the Hubbs Targets.



Creating circles on CAD

We assign the measuring principle One-Point Adapter to these ele-ments via I-Inspect.

Assigning the measuring principle to the constructed elements

We need to define a search radius in which the software may create a plane via reference points in order to find the adapters.



Creation parameters for a One-Point Adapter



B 2 Aligning the Measuring Data Here, we need to change the workspace. After that, all extra points are hidden. That way we minimize the risk of selecting the wrong points.

Changing the workspace and starting alignment

For future inspection tasks it is necessary to align the actual data to the existing nominal data (CAD). Therefore, we use icon Create Alignment in the main toolbar. The software provides many different alignment methods (transfor-mations). Which alignment is to be used depends on the basic condi-tions of the project. There is a difference between an initial alignment for a rough pre-orientation and the main alignment.

B 2.1 Initial Alignment Open the function Prealignment using the button Create Alignment that is in the main toolbar of Inspection.

Choosing the initial alignment

B 2.1.1 3-Point Alignment If you have a CAD, the 3-point alignment may be used as initial align-ment. Load the CAD data with File Import File... ... . Open the function with Operations Alignmen Initial Alignment 3-Point Alignment or via the suggestions in the main toolbar using icon .

Selection: 3-Point Alignment

In the dialog that opens, the corresponding points are assigned on CAD (nominal points) and on the photogrammetry reference points (actual points). For this purpose, the PIP function is useful.



Choosing the points on CAD and in photogrammetry

In the PIP window, you may position the CAD while searching the same position in a photogrammetry image in the 3D view. Use Ctrl and LMB to click the corresponding points alternately on the CAD and in the photogrammetry image for three different positions. Then, the software aligns the photogrammetry images to the CAD coordinate system. Using menu item Main Alignment, you may align the meas-uring data more exactly.

B 2.1.2 3-2-1 On the actual data, the coordinate system can be aligned the easiest way using the 3-2-1 alignment. 3-2-1 means that three 3D points (lo-cated as far as possible from each other and not in a line) describe a plane, two additional 3D points describe a line and one 3D point de-scribes a point. These six 3D points result in a coordinate system. The connections are shown in the following image.

3-2-1 alignment and choice of axis directions



Define which coordinate axis points to which direction. In the menu, you may adjust the orientation of the 3-2-1 points.

Choosing the reference points for 3-2-1 alignment

After you defined these six 3D points (reference points) the coordinate system is aligned automatically. Afterwards, you may use additional alignments from the main alignments.

B 2.1.3 Best-Fit by Reference Points Another alignment method is Best-Fit by Reference Points. For this method, the complete 3D coordinates of at least 3 arbitrary reference points need to be known and must be available in a file.

Choosing the reference points from a file

You may also enter the coordinates of points directly in the software.

Entering reference points manually

The software automatically identifies the points if the imported coordi-nates describe a reference point constellation that can be found in the measuring project as well. The measurement series then is trans-formed into the coordinate system of these points.



B 2.1.4 Alignment by Alignment Cross A simple method to align your coordinate system is the alignment by using an alignment cross. As already mentioned in the photogramme-try basics, the orientation cross offers a simple option to use coded reference point markers in the measuring setup. The cross with the coded markers 360 to 368 is identified with a green X and a blue Y. The photogrammetry software uses this cross for automatically align-ing the coordinate system.

X, Y orientation cross for alignment

B 2.2 Main Alignment After you carried out an initial alignment, you may increase the align-ment accuracy. However, this requires certain conditions.

B 2.2.1 RPS The RPS (Reference Point System) alignment is based on the fact that given RPS points with their nominal coordinates (X, Y, Z) align the coordinate system of the measuring data to the nominal coordinate system by being linked to their respective measured elements. For this process, you may adjust the effective direction of each link (XYZ). RPS alignment results in a defined and user-independent alignment. It is based on surface points or constructed elements that contain a point. The simplest procedure to enter all necessary data for the RPS alignment in a project is to import the coordinates from a file.

Importing the coordinates Effective direction of the measuring point

Before using the RPS alignment, a very good prealignment needs to be carried out.

B 2.2.2 Local Best-Fit During the best-fit alignment, the surfaces of the measuring data are dragged as best as possible onto the surfaces of the CAD data. This requires selecting either certain areas on the measuring data or the entire object. The surface alignment is based on a defined search radius which de-termines how far in the CAD data corresponding points are searched. You may manage several alignments in one project. The actual data are aligned to the nominal data.



Each alignment is based on the previous alignment. This hierarchy is shown in the main toolbar.

Alignment hierarchy

For a best-fit computation it is mandatory that the actual mesh is close to the CAD data. Otherwise, no best-fit computation can be carried out. The local best-fit is based on local selections, therefore the name. However, the local selection must be made on the actual data and not on the CAD data.



B 2.3 Exercise 1: Advanced Inspection Part I

Ta s k Load the photogrammetry images into your project. Import the data. Construct edge points on the CAD at the positions of the adapters

and assign to them the measuring principle Adapter with the type Edge adapter.

Construct an Auto 2D Element (Nominal)... on the CAD at the po-sitions where the Hubbs Targets are available in the measuring da-ta. Assign the measuring principle One-Point Adapter.

Construct a cylinder on the CAD where the cylinder adapter is posi-tioned in the measuring data. Assign the measuring principle Adapter with the type Cylinder adapter.

Carry out a 3-point alignment and a local best-fit. Carry out a RPS alignment using the one-point adapters. Carry out a surface comparison. Check the edge points.

W o r k f l o w Start the TRITOP software and create a new project.

Load the images from your hard disk into the project.

Open the following folder:

exercise_2-advanced_inspection part_I measure-ment_series ...

Use drag&drop to drag all images into the 3D view. Make sure you use the correct scale bars and reference points.

Calculate the image set. After that, change to the workspace In-

spection.



Import the CAD data exercise_2-advanced_inspection

part_I ... Choose for Triangulation the High mesh resolution.

Construct edge points on the CAD at the same position as they are displayed in the image of the measuring object using Construct Point Edge Point.... Position the CAD using the PIP function.

Use the button marked in the image below to get the same view in

PIP and 3D view.

Enable the automatic computation of the edge point vectors.

Assign the measuring principle Adapter... with the type Edge

adapter to the four edge points.



Create Auto 2D Elements (Nominal) at the four positions of the Hubbs Targets.

Assign the measuring principle One-Point Adapter to these ele-

ments.

Enter the given values for the adapters so that the software finds

the adapters.

Construct a cylinder as an Auto 3D Element (Nominal) on the CAD

at the marked position in the image below.



Assign the measuring principle Adapter... with the type Cylinder adapter.

In the properties of the adapter in the tab Size, you need to set a Radius of 20.00 mm.

Carry out a 3-point alignment.

Position the CAD using the PIP function.

Use the button marked in the image below to get the same view in

PIP and 3D view. Carry out a local best-fit as the main alignment.

Use all measuring points for the alignment.

Recalculate the project. Now, a RPS alignment is possible, since the software has found all

adapters (the adapters were found via the location).



For the RPS alignment you need to add the circles 1 - 3 to the dia-

log.

The orientation is given in the dialog. Carry out a surface comparison with the following values.

Use I-Inspect to evaluate the position of the edge points in X, Y

and Z directions.

End of the exercise.



B 2.4 Evaluating the Measuring Data The software offers various options for evaluating available data. We may construct so-called fitting elements on actual data or on nominal data if a CAD is available. We assign measuring principles and in-spections to these fitting elements in order to evaluate these data.

B 2.4.1 Creation of Fitting Elements Under the menu item Construct in nearly each category it is possible to create a fitting element, e.g. Fitting Point..., Fitting Line..., Fitting Plane..., etc. Hereby, we need to use the correct creation parameters. In the following exercise 2 we will construct four planes on CAD as they are marked in the image below. Therefore, we use the function Auto Plane (Nominal)....

After opening that function, we click with cursor on the CAD and con-struct with Strg+LMB the respective plane. The positions of the four planes are marked in the following image.

Creating the fitting element Auto Plane (Nominal)...



If we want to create a fitting element on reference points, we use the suitable fitting element under the menu item Construct. Using the functions Select/Deselect Through Surface or Select Reference Points, we select the reference points on which the fitting element should be based. If we created components from point clouds, we may select them also in the explorer.

If the project contains a CAD and nominal and actual points are mixed, an error occurs. Bear in mind to create fitting elements either on the CAD or on the actual data.

B 2.4.2 Measuring Principles In the next step we start with the evaluation of the constructed fitting elements. The easiest way therefore is to use I-Inspect. Depending on the selected element in the explorer, the I-Inspect offers the possi-ble measuring principles or other evaluation options.

Function Measuring Principle in I-Inspect

After we created four planes for the exercise 2, we need to assign the measuring principle Fitting Element... to them using I-Inspect.

Assigning the measuring principle Fitting Element in I-Inspect

B 2.4.3 GD&T - Inspection To find a more detailed explanation of the GD&T inspection, please see Inspection Advanced / Unit E . In the following exercise 2 we will inspect the four created planes. In I-Inspect we see the possible options for GD&T.



Evaluation GD&T

In order to measure the flatness of plane 1, we need to select the el-ement in the explorer. We enter the required tolerance.

Measuring the flatness of plane 1 using I-Inspect

To be able to check the parallelism, we need a datum surface. In the exercise 2 we will choose plane 1 as the datum system. We enter the required tolerance.

GD&T measurements are carried out according to the standards DIN ISO 1101 and ASME Y14.5. If the evaluation is performed based on photogrammetry measure-ments, the point density for the computation is too low for both stand-ards. In such a case, we use the geometry of the element as Stand-ard.

Choosing the evaluation standard



For the evaluation of the perpendicularity we also need a datum sys-tem. In the exercise 2 we measure the perpendicularity between plane 3 and plane 4. We enter the tolerance.

Checking the perpendicularity between plane 3 and plane 4

For inspection tasks we may create various datum systems. There-fore, we use Inspection Create Datum System....

Creating datum systems

In the exercise task 2 the datum system will contain plane 3 and plane 4.

Entering the components for the datum system

We check the position of cylinder 1 using the previously created da-tum system. We enter the tolerance.



B 2.4.4 Contrast Lines - Inspection We may use the software to construct curves on contrast lines. The creation of a curve on the photogrammetry images is based on the contrast difference within the run of the line on the measuring object. For exercise 2 we applied a bright and a dark contrast line on the training object. On each contrast line we create a curve in one of the photogrammetry images. Then, we carry out a surface comparison for both curves.

Constructing the contrast curve

Bear in mind that the whole contrast line needs to be used for the cre-ation.

Completely traced curve

After creating both curves, we use the function Surface Comparison On Actual....

Surface comparison function in the main toolbar

Since we need to guarantee that the software uses for the comparison all points that belong to the curves, we deselect all points that were selected automatically by the software. After that, we select all points in the explorer that belong to the curves.



Deselecting the points Selecting the points

Subsequently, we carry out the surface comparison.

Surface comparison of the curves

In addition to the options shown above, you may also create e.g. dis-tances and many other geometric elements and evaluate them via I-Inspect. All measuring results or the 3D visualizations may be used in a report page in order to create documentation to a measurement series.



B 2.5 Exercise 2: Advanced Inspection Part II

Ta s k Load the project for inspection advanced part II. Create the planes for checking the flatness, parallelism, perpendicularity, position.

Construct a datum system. Construct curves on the contrast lines in one of the images of the

photogrammetry measurement series. Carry out a surface comparison on actual data for the curves.

W o r k f l o w Start the TRITOP software and open the project.


exercise_2-advanced_inspection part_II ... Construct four planes on the marked positions on the CAD.

These are the four positions for the planes.

Assign the measuring principle Fitting Element... to the four planes

using I-Inspect.



Measure the flatness of plane 1. Adjust the tolerance to 2.5 mm.

Check the parallelism of plane 2. Use plane 1 as datum system. Ad-

just the tolerance to 0.2 mm.

Check the perpendicularity between the plane 3 and plane 4, using

a tolerance of 0.2 mm.

Create a datum system in order to check a position. Use plane 3 for

datum 1 and plane 4 for datum 2.



Check the position of cylinder 1 using the previously created datum

system. Adjust the tolerance to 0.5 mm.

Create a curve each for the bright and the dark contrast lines on

one of the photogrammetry images.

Bear in mind that the whole contrast line needs to be used for the

creation.



Carry out a Surface Comparison On Actual... for both constructed curves.

Deselect the points that were automatically selected by the soft-

ware. Select the points that belong to the curves.

Create a surface comparison.

End of the exercise.

Evaluating the Photogrammetry Data Table of Contents

photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_c_en_rev-c 11-Sep-2012

Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit C 1 (18)

Table of Contents Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit C (photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_c_en_rev-c) C Evaluating the Photogrammetry Data ___________ 3 C 1.1 Demonstration ____________________________________ 3 C 1.2 Creating a Stage Project ____________________________ 3 C 1.2.1 Functional Principle ________________________________ 3 C 1.3 Creating Components from Point Clouds _______________ 4 C 2 Aligning the Measuring Data ____________________ 5 C 2.1 Stage Behavior for Transformation ____________________ 6 C 2.2 Rigid Body Motion Compensation_____________________ 7 C 2.2.1 Transform by Component ___________________________ 7 C 3 Evaluation (Inspection) ________________________ 8 C 3.1 Trend ___________________________________________ 9 C 3.2 Deformation Evaluation (Inspection) ___________________ 9 C 3.2.1 Constructing Elements _____________________________ 9 C 3.2.2 Inspecting the Elements with I-Inspect ________________ 10 C 3.2.3 Loading Measuring Data as Further Stages ____________ 13 C 3.2.4 Evaluating the Measuring Data ______________________ 13 C 3.3 Exercise 3: Deformation ___________________________ 14

Task _________________________________________________ 14 Workflow _____________________________________________ 14

Aligning the Measuring Data Evaluating the Photogrammetry Data

2 (18) Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit C photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_c_en_rev-c 11-Sep-2012

Evaluating the Photogrammetry Data Aligning the Measuring Data



C Evaluating the Photogrammetry Data

C 1.1 Demonstration For static deformations or trend analysis, we need to work in a stage project. Therefore, we demonstrate in this unit, how to create the first stage of a stage project. how to prepare captured measuring data for a future evaluation. how to create components from measuring data. how to import an existing CAD. how to align measuring data to CAD. how to create elements for evaluation and perform inspections. how to create additional staged and import measuring data. how to evaluate measuring results and use them in reports.

C 1.2 Creating a Stage Project In a stage project, the finished measuring data of several similar measuring objects or of one and the same measuring object in various states are observed and evaluated. The results are related to each other in one single project and can be evaluated. For similar measur-ing objects, the user may deduce a tendency about how the part changes within the series. For a single part, the user may determine the statistic deformations that happen to the measuring object in the individual stages.

C 1.2.1 Functional Principle A changes analysis is based on the evaluation of several so-called stages. In order to analyze several stages together, you need a stage project. Each stage always consists of the measured 3D photogrammetry data which represent a measuring object in a certain condition. Due to the parametric inspection of the software, all elements are just created once in the explorer. By simply recalculating the entire project or individual stages these elements are updated accordingly. You can compare stages to nominal data (CAD) or to a reference stage. You may choose the reference stage. Usually, it is useful to de-fine the first stage as reference stage.

Stage view in the tab STAGES Defining the reference stage



Please refer to Inspection Advanced / Unit B Trend Analyses , to see the complete stage handling in detail. You find the description for importing CAD data in Inspection Basic / Unit C Simple Inspection .

C 1.3 Creating Components from Point Clouds After the photogrammetry images exist in the system, the required components are created from the point cloud. You best use the first stage to do so. During the bundling, the software assigns to each reference point an ID. While the points are grouped to components, the software regis-ters the point pattern. It recognizes the pattern in the photogrammetry image of other stages and assigns the same IDs to them. Thus, a component consists from the same points with the same IDs in all stages.

Due to its point pattern, the component can be clearly identified in all stages of the project. A component must contain at least four, better more points. One point may belong to several components.

At this point we need to change the workspace. After that, all extra points, like adapter points, scale bar points and coded reference points are hidden. That way we minimize the risk of selecting the wrong points. We will carry out all other evaluations in the workspace Inspection.

Changing the workspace

Using the menu item Construct Component Point Compo-nent..., we can choose the points for the individual components.

Creating point components

First, we enter a name for the point component. After that, we use the selection tools to select the points which should belong to the component. Therefore, we use the selection command Select/Deselect Through Surface and draw a polygon line around the reference points of the component.




Used selection commands (result from their respective use)

Creating a component by selecting uncoded reference points

To finish the selection, we click with the right mouse button and hold it. Three icons appear . Using the symbol

, we finish the selection.

, we deselect areas.

, we cancel the selection. For each created component an entry appears in the explorer

Explorer with created components

After all components were created, we need to set the photogramme-try measurement series invisible in the explorer.

C 2 Aligning the Measuring Data For further evaluation of the data, an alignment is required. As already described in unit B, we need to choose an alignment based on the conditions. We may carry out several alignments one after another.

Alignment hierarchy and rigid body movement compensation

As you see on the structure, the result is a hierarchy of alignments that are based on each other. If it is necessary, the order or the crea-tion parameters of the individual alignments may be changed.



C 2.1 Stage Behavior for Transformation Another aspect for the alignment is the behavior of the coordinate sys-tem in the individual stages with respect to the measuring object. It might be useful to have a fixed system through all stages in order to observe how the object moves from stage to stage. However, it might also be useful to connect the coordinate system with the measuring object in order to identify the deformations of the object between the individual stages. In each alignment menu, you find the option Stage behavior for transformation.

Options for the stage behavior for transformations

Separate stage transformation The coordinate system of the stage project gets a fixed relationship to the measuring object. In each stage, the global movement of the measuring object in space is compensated so that the deformations of the object can be analyzed independently of the movement.

Initial situation Separate stage transformation Global transformation

One stage is set as master. Each stage is oriented to this stage. You may observe the movements of the object in space through the individual stages.

Initial situation Global transformation




C 2.2 Rigid Body Motion Compensation Points or components may be defined as a fixed reference in the co-ordinate system. For these objects, you may apply rigid body motion compensations through the individual stages of the project. We open the function from the main toolbar Main Alignment Rigid Body Motion Compensation Transform By Component....

Choosing the rigid body motion compensation

C 2.2.1 Transform by Component After alignment, the rigid body movements can be compensated in or-der to: Create a reference system to easily interpret the data. Analyze the movement between different point components. Carry out an analysis of the local deformation of a component. For this purpose, we choose the corresponding component under Rigid Body Motion Compensation Transform By Component.... In the same dialog, we determine the reference stage.

Choosing the component for rigid body motion compensation

We may choose several components for a rigid body movement com-pensation. However, only one compensation can be active at a time.

Alignment hierarchy and rigid body movement compensation

Evaluation (Inspection) Evaluating the Photogrammetry Data


C 3 Evaluation (Inspection) At this point in the evaluation workflow of a photogrammetry meas-urement series we have created the basis for the next step, the in-spection of the individual stages. Therefore, we construct in the refer-ence stage those geometric elements that are necessary for the eval-uation. Depending on whether we want to perform a trend analysis or to evaluate static deformations, there are two different ways available. For trend analysis, we construct fitting elements that are used to eval-uate the data. Since we want to evaluate different parts that are al-ways positioned at the same place and which have different pattern of coded and uncoded points, we need to choose fitting elements without the supplement (Point Pattern) in their name under the menu item Construct.

Constructing a fitting element, e.g. Fitting Cylinder...

For the deformation, we use components that consist of point clouds. In this case, we evaluate the same part after a static deformation in the individual stages of the stage project, while the pattern of coded and uncoded reference points does not change. Only the position of the object and with this the position of the point pattern can change. Due to the point pattern, the software recognizes the element in the individual stages. Therefore, we use the fitting elements with the sup-plement (Point Pattern) in their name for the evaluation.

Constructing a fitting element, e.g. Fitting Cylinder (Point Pattern)...

Evaluating the Photogrammetry Data Evaluation (Inspection)



C 3.1 Trend For a trend analysis, we observe and evaluate the photogrammetry measurement series of several similar parts. Thus, the measuring da-ta of each object hat its own stage in the stage project. Usually, we re-late the changes in the individual stages to the reference stage or to the CAD and evaluate them statistically. The user may then deduce a tendency about how the part changes within the series. For example, typical fields of applications are: First article inspection: Several manufactured prototypes are tested before they are released for series production. Start of series production: It is checked to what extent the values scat-ter in the individual evaluations in order to decide whether the used manufacturing parameters are okay. Monitoring of a running production process: By inspecting several random samples of a part, the inspector can determine whether, for example, a tool wears out and needs to be replaced. Repeatability checks, verification of measuring means: Using a trend analysis, you may for example determine whether a process is inde-pendent of the operator.

C 3.2 Deformation Evaluation (Inspection) After all measuring images for the individual stages were taken and the coordinate system is aligned, the measuring data can be prepared for evaluation. Therefore, we construct geometric elements on, for the evaluation, important places. To these elements we assign measuring principles and / or inspections, e.g. in order to measure distances or displacements. After that, the measuring values can be computed and the respective data displayed graphically. The individual stages are re-lated to each other. The movements or changes of the part between the stages are evaluated. Finally, each evaluation can be taken over in a report template. Using these results, we may create documentation.

C 3.2.1 Constructing Elements The first step to evaluation is the construction of the necessary geo-metrical elements. The inspection software provides a large number of different elements under menu item Construct e.g. for points, lines, planes or curves.

Constructing inspection elements

You may construct elements on existing reference points. The con-structed elements appear in the explorer.



Constructed elements in the explorer

The components created from the point clouds are also available for evaluation.

C 3.2.2 Inspecting the Elements with I-Inspect For easy evaluation, I-Inspect is available. Here, you may easily choose the required check criterion for your constructed element. We open the function via a button in the main toolbar.

Access to I-Inspect

When we click on the button, the I-Inspect menu opens. Which func-tions are available in I-Inspect depends on the element that is select-ed in the explorer.

Examples for inspection parameters to be evaluated

For a detailed description of I-Inspect please refer to Inspection Basic / Unit E . If you select single points, you may evaluate the movement through the individual stages.




Movement of selected points in X direction through the individual stage

The label of the respective point shows the measuring values through all available stages. The current stage is marked in the label. If more stages are inserted into the project, all measuring values are dis-played after a recalculation was carried out. In I-Inspect you may choose several inspections for one element.

Displacement of selected points in X and Y direction

You may analyze the overall movements of a component in all direc-tions in form of vector fields.



Vector field of a component in Z direction

Vector field of a component in Y and Z direction

Here as well you may evaluate and display the movements in several coordinate directions at the same time. According to the requirements, you may inspect all sorts of move-ments of the components but also of single reference points between the individual stages.




Distances between two points at different positions of the component

In case of a static deformation of a component (e.g. deformation due to temperature change), 2-point distances may be determined through all stages. Finally, all evaluations can be taken over in a report template. How to create report templates is described in Inspection Basic / Unit F . That way, at this point of the workflow we may plan and prepare the com-plete documentation of the deformation evaluation. Subsequently, we need to load the data of the individual stages and carry out a recalcu-lation in order to get the report.

C 3.2.3 Loading Measuring Data as Further Stages As we already mentioned in Photogrammetry - Advanced / Unit A , each photogrammetry measurement series is inserted in to the project a new stage. The software processes the data independently of the transmission way (i.e. via WiFi or from a storage medium) of the im-ages. When the data is inserted, we need to enter the appropriate measurement temperature into the dialog Photogrammetry Settings.

C 3.2.4 Evaluating the Measuring Data At the beginning of this unit, the components were created from point clouds in the reference stage. All alignments, including rigid body movement compensation, were carried out. The elements for evalua-tion were created and the inspections assigned. Now, we may easily recalculate the deformations for all new stages. The same is valid for evaluation of trend. In the reference stage fitting elements were constructed on components, on the CAD or with the photogrammetry reference points. To them appropriate measuring principles and evaluations were assigned using I-Inspect.

Using the function Recalculate project , we update all data in all stages. After that, we may update all report pages and create a report that in-cludes the measuring results.



C 3.3 Exercise 3: Deformation

Ta s k Create a new stage project, load the photogrammetry images into

the stage. Create various components from photogrammetry points. Import the CAD data and carry out an initial alignment and a main

alignment of the measuring data. Carry out a rigid body movement compensation. Create vector fields for all components. Measure distance changes at various places. Measure positions for several measuring points. Create more stages for the remaining measurement series and im-

port the images. Recalculate the project.

W o r k f l o w Start the TRITOP software and create a new project.

Create a new stage in your stage project with Operations Stage

New Stage...

Give the new stage a name with a reference to the measurement

temperature. Load the images for the new stage from your hard disk into the pro-

ject.


demo_data_photgrammetry_advanced Exercise_3-Deformation Stage1_20degC_49% ...

Use drag&drop to drag all images into the 3D view. Import the scale bars:

demo_data_photogrammetry_advanced Exercise_3-Deformation scale_bars ...




Make sure that you enter the correct measurement temperature in the parameters.

Click on the respective button to recalculate the elements in the stage.

Change to the workspace Inspection.

Open menu item Construct Component Point Compo-

nent...

Enter a name for the respective component. Use the selection tools to select the points which should belong to

the component. Repeat this procedure until you created all components. Import the CAD data demo_data_photogrammetry_advanced

Exercise_3-Deformation nominal ... Click on the function Create Alignment in the main toolbar and

choose the function 3-Point Alignment....

Use the PIP function to click points on the CAD and click the re-

spective reference points in the 3D view with Ctrl + LMB.



Pay attention to the Mode: Global transformation. Finish the alignment with OK. From the main toolbar, choose under Create Alignment the function for the main alignment: Local Best-Fit.

Choose all points of the frame for the best-fit alignment. From the main toolbar, choose under Create Alignment the func-

tion Rigid Body Motion Compensation Transform By Component....

Choose the base plate as component for the rigid body motion

compensation. Select the respective reference stage. Create vector fields for all components using I-Inspect.




Create 2-point distances at various places in order to prepare measurements for distance changes.

Assign a check direction to the 2-point distances using I-Inspect.

Create several points using functions under the menu item Con-

struct and evaluate the coordinate with the help of I-Inspect.

Create four additional stages in your project.



Give each stage an appropriate name.

You find the images for the additional stages in the respective fold-

ers: demo_data_photogrammetry_advanced Exercise_3-

Deformation Stage2_70degC_10% ... demo_data_photogrammetry_advanced Exercise_3-

Deformation Stage3_-30degC_0% ... demo_data_photogrammetry_advanced Exercise_3-

Deformation Stage4_80degC_25% ... demo_data_photogrammetry_advanced Exercise_3-

Deformation Stage5_22degC_49% ... Use drag&drop to drag all images into the respective stage in the

3D view.

Make sure that you enter the correct measurement temperature in the parameters.

Click on the respective button to recalculate all elements.

Document your measuring results by creating a report. For the different evaluations, choose Create Report Page.

Change to the workspace Report in order to edit the report pages.

End of the exercises.

photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_1st_en_rev-cNotesStandard SymbolsSafety and Health Hazard NotesLegal NotesInformation about the Training DocumentOverview of the UnitsTraining Goal

photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_a_en_rev-cA Inspection - AdvancedA 1 Manual and Training DocumentationA 2 IntroductionA 2.1 Fields of ApplicationA 2.2 Capturing Measuring DataA 2.3 Evaluating the Measuring Data

A 3 The Photogrammetry SystemA 3.1 PrincipleA 3.2 Preparation of the Measuring SetupA 3.2.1 Covering Different Measuring VolumesA 3.2.2 Preparation of the Measuring Object

A 3.3 Capturing the ImagesA 3.3.1 Evaluating the Data

photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_b_en_rev-cB CMM InspectionB 1.1 DemonstrationB 1.2 Measuring with AdaptersB 1.2.1 Single Point AdaptersB 1.2.2 Multipoint AdaptersB 1.2.3 Identification of Multipoint Adapters

B 2 Aligning the Measuring DataB 2.1 Initial AlignmentB 2.1.1 3-Point AlignmentB 2.1.2 3-2-1B 2.1.3 Best-Fit by Reference PointsB 2.1.4 Alignment by Alignment Cross

B 2.2 Main AlignmentB 2.2.1 RPSB 2.2.2 Local Best-Fit

B 2.3 Exercise 1: Advanced Inspection Part ITaskWorkflow

B 2.4 Evaluating the Measuring DataB 2.4.1 Creation of Fitting ElementsB 2.4.2 Measuring PrinciplesB 2.4.3 GD&T - InspectionB 2.4.4 Contrast Lines - Inspection

B 2.5 Exercise 2: Advanced Inspection Part IITaskWorkflow

photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1_adv_c_en_rev-cC Evaluating the Photogrammetry DataC 1.1 DemonstrationC 1.2 Creating a Stage ProjectC 1.2.1 Functional Principle

C 1.3 Creating Components from Point CloudsC 2 Aligning the Measuring DataC 2.1 Stage Behavior for TransformationC 2.2 Rigid Body Motion CompensationC 2.2.1 Transform by Component

C 3 Evaluation (Inspection)C 3.1 TrendC 3.2 Deformation Evaluation (Inspection)C 3.2.1 Constructing ElementsC 3.2.2 Inspecting the Elements with I-InspectC 3.2.3 Loading Measuring Data as Further StagesC 3.2.4 Evaluating the Measuring Data

C 3.3 Exercise 3: DeformationTaskWorkflow

photogrammetry-v7-5-sr1 adv 1st en rev-c (1)

Documents