php/mysql tutorial nguyễn quang hùng e-mail: [email protected]@dit.hcmut.edu.vn web...

PHP/MySQL Tutorial

Nguyễn Quang HùngE-mail: [email protected]

Web site: http://www.dit.hcmut.edu.vn/~hungnq/courses.htm

Nguyễn Quang Hùng – E-mail: [email protected]

Mục tiêu

Nắm bắt công nghệ lập trình trang web động bằng PHP.

Tìm hiểu về cách truy vấn CSDL MySQL từ PHP.

Viết một ứng dụng Tra cứu danh bạ điện thoại bằng JSP.


Lập trình web phía server

Lập trình Web với CGI (tự học)

Lập trình Web với ASP/ASP.NET (tự học)

Lập trình Web với Servlet (tự học)

Lập trình Web với JSP (chương 7)

Lập trình Web với PHP (hôm nay)


Introduction

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

- Open source, server-side, scripting language.

- Supports databases such as MySQL and Oracle.

- http://www.w3schools.com/php/default.asp

MySQL (Structured Query Language)

- Open source, speedy, scalable, reliable database technology.

- http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/Tutorial.html


Tutorial Overview

Database (MySQL) DB creation

Add/delete tables

Add/delete/update records

View/query records

Web (PHP) User front-end

Add & query code

Delete & update code


MySQL & TCD

(1) ‘PuTTY’ into wilde.cs.tcd.ie on port 22 w/ SSH

- Authenticate with your TCD username and password

(2) ssh macneil.cs.tcd.ie (password as above)

(3) Login into your MySQL account

‘mysql –uUSERNAME –p’

Enter your MySQL username and password

(4) Use MySQL syntax to create and view table(s), records, etc.


Basic MySQL Syntax

SHOW DATABASES;

USE database_name;

SHOW TABLES;

DROP TABLE table_name;


Create MySQL Table

CREATE TABLE user (

name varchar(9) NOT NULL,

id int(6) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (id),

UNIQUE (id)

);


Add/Delete/Update Table

INSERT INTO user VALUES (‘bond’, ‘007’);

DELETE FROM user WHERE id=‘007’;

UPDATE user SET name=‘BOND’ WHERE id=‘007’;


Query Database

SELECT * FROM user;

SELECT * FROM user WHERE name=‘BOND’;

SELECT DISTINCT name FROM user;

SELECT name, id FROM user ORDER BY name;


MySQL Administrator GUI tool


PHP User Front-End

<html> <body>

<?php

$variable=“271004";

echo $variable;

?>

</body>

</html>

Script is executed server side and presented to user via a browser.

PHP code is rendered as plain HTML.


PHP Configuration File

<?

// configuration parameters

// database configuration

$host = "macneill.cs.tcd.ie";

$user = “username";

$pass = “password";

$db = “username_db";

// default contact person

$def_contact = “Karl";

?>

• Use a securely positioned ‘config’ file to store variables.

• Other PHP pages can link to it and use the variables as their own.


PHP Add to DB Code 1

<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">

<form action="addUpdate.php" method="POST">

<tr>

<td valign="top"><b><font size="-1">Title</font></b></td>

<td><textarea name="title" cols="40" rows="2"></textarea></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td valign="top"><b><font size="-1">Authors</font></b></td>

<td><textarea name="authors" cols="40" rows="2"></textarea></td>

</tr>

…

<inut type="Submit" name="submit" value="Add"></td></tr>

</form>

</table>


PHP Add to DB Code 2

<?

include("conf.php");// form submitted so start processing it

$title = $_POST["title"];$authors = $_POST["authors"];

// set up error list array & validate text input fields

$errorList = array();

$count = 0;

if (!$title) { $errorList[$count] = "Invalid entry: Title"; $count++; }

// set default value for contact person

if (!$contact) { $contact = $def_contact; }

// check for errors & if none found...

if (sizeof($errorList) == 0)

$connection = mysql_connect($host, $user, $pass) or die ("Unable to connect!");

mysql_select_db( $db ) or die ("Unable to select database!");$query = "INSERT INTO papers (title, authors, description, comment, super, bibtex, url, genre)

VALUES ('$title', '$authors', '$description', '$comment',

'$super','$bibtex','$url','$genre')";

$result = mysql_query( $query ) or die ("Error in query: $query. " . mysql_error());

echo "<font size=-1>Addition successful.<br><br> <a href=papers.php>Go back to the main page</a> | <a href=http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Karl.Quinn/>home</font>"; // close database connection

mysql_close($connection);}

else {// errors occurred}

?>


PHP Query Codeinclude("conf.php");

$connection = mysql_connect($host, $user, $pass) or die ();

mysql_select_db($db) or die ("Unable to select database!");

$query = "SELECT * FROM papers";

$result = mysql_query($query) or die ("Error in query”);?>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="622">

<tr><td bgcolor="990000"><img src="images/spacer.gif" alt="" height="2"></td></tr>

<?

// if records present

if (mysql_num_rows($result) > 0) {

// iterate through resultset & print title with links to edit and delete scripts

while($row = mysql_fetch_object($result)) ?>

<font size="-2"><a href="edit.php?id=<? echo $row->id; ?>">edit/view</a> | <a href="delete.php?id=<? echo $row->id; ?>">delete</a></font><p>

<font size="-1"><b><? echo $row->title; ?></b><br>

<font size="-1"><b>-<? echo $row->authors; ?></b><br><a href="<? echo $row->url; ?>" target="_blank"> pdf</a>

<br><br><br> </font>

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="622">

<tr><td bgcolor="990000"><img src="images/spacer.gif" alt="“height="2"></td></tr>

<?

}

}

// if no records present

else{}

mysql_close($connection);?>


PHP Delete Code

include("conf.php");

// form not yet submitted, display initial form with values pre-filled

$id=$_GET['id'];

{

// open database connection


// select database


// generate and execute query

$query = "DELETE FROM papers WHERE id = '$id'";

$result = mysql_query($query) or die ("Error in query: $query. " . mysql_error());

// close database connection

mysql_close($connection);

// print result

echo "<font size=-1>Deletion successful. <br><br><a href=papers.php>Go back to the main page</a> | <a href=http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Karl.Quinn/>home</font>";

}


PHP Update Code 1

$id=$_GET['id'];

if (!$submit)

{



$query = "SELECT title, authors, description, comment, super, bibtex, url, genre FROM papers WHERE id = '$id'";

$result = mysql_query($query) or die ("Error in query: $query. " . mysql_error())

if (mysql_num_rows($result) > 0)

{

$row = mysql_fetch_object($result);

// print form with values pre-filled

?>

<table cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5">

<form action="Update.php" method="POST"><input type="hidden" name="id" value="<? echo $id; ?>">

<tr>

<td valign="top"><b><font size="-1">Title</font></b></td>

<td><textarea name="title" cols="40" rows="2"><? echo $row->title; ?></textarea></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td valign="top"><b><font size="-1">Authors</font></b></td>

<td><textarea name="authors" cols="40" rows="2"><? echo $row >authors; ?></textarea></td>

</tr>

…

<tr>

<td colspan=2>

<input type="Submit" name="submit" value="Update"></td></tr></form>

</table>


PHP Update Code 2

include("conf.php");

// form submitted so start processing it

$title = $_POST["title"];

$authors = $_POST["authors"];

$id = $_POST["id"];

// set up error list array

$errorList = array();

$count = 0;

// validate text input fields

if (!$title) { $errorList[$count] = "Invalid entry: Title"; $count++; }

if (!$contact) { $contact = $def_contact; }

// check for errors, if none found...

if (sizeof($errorList) == 0)

{



$query = "UPDATE papers SET title = '$title', authors = '$authors', description = '$description', comment = '$comment', super = '$super', bibtex = '$bibtex', url = '$url', genre = '$genre' WHERE id = '$id'";

$result = mysql_query($query) or die ("Error in query: $query. " . mysql_error());

// print result

echo "<font size=-1>Update successful.<br><br> <a href=papers.php>Go back to the main page</a> | <a href=http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Karl.Quinn/>home</a></font>";

// close database connection

mysql_close($connection);

}

else{}

?>


Tài liệu tham khảo

1. http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_forms.asp

2. http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_intro.asp

3. http://www.php.net/mysql

4. http://www.w3schools.com/php/php_mysql_intro.asp


Brief History of PHP

PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. It was initially developed for HTTP usage logging and server-side form generation in Unix.

PHP 2 (1995) transformed the language into a Server-side embedded scripting language. Added database support, file uploads, variables, arrays, recursive functions, conditionals, iteration, regular expressions, etc.

PHP 3 (1998) added support for ODBC data sources, multiple platform support, email protocols (SNMP,IMAP), and new parser written by Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans .

PHP 4 (2000) became an independent component of the web server for added efficiency. The parser was renamed the Zend Engine. Many security features were added.

PHP 5 (2004) adds Zend Engine II with object oriented programming, robust XML support using the libxml2 library, SOAP extension for interoperability with Web Services, SQLite has been bundled with PHP


Brief History of PHP

As of August 2004, PHP is used on 16,946,328 Domains, 1,348,793 IP Addresses http://www.php.net/usage.php This is roughly 32% of all domains on the web.


Why is PHP used?

1. Easy to UseCode is embedded into HTML. The PHP code is enclosed in special start and end tags that allow you to jump into and out of "PHP mode".

<html> <head> <title>Example</title> </head> <body>

<?php echo "Hi, I'm a PHP script!"; ?>

</body></html>


Why is PHP used?

2. Cross PlatformRuns on almost any Web server on several operating systems.One of the strongest features is the wide range of supported databases

Web Servers: Apache, Microsoft IIS, Caudium, Netscape Enterprise Server

Operating Systems: UNIX (HP-UX,OpenBSD,Solaris,Linux), Mac OSX, Windows NT/98/2000/XP/2003

Supported Databases: Adabas D, dBase,Empress, FilePro (read-only), Hyperwave,IBM DB2, Informix, Ingres, InterBase, FrontBase, mSQL, Direct MS-SQL, MySQL, ODBC, Oracle (OCI7 and OCI8), Ovrimos, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Solid, Sybase, Velocis,Unix dbm


Why is PHP used?

3. Cost BenefitsPHP is free. Open source code means that the entire PHP community will contribute towards bug fixes. There are several add-on technologies (libraries) for PHP that are also free.

PHP

Software Free

Platform Free (Linux)

Development Tools Free

PHP Coder, jEdit


Getting Started

1. How to escape from HTML and enter PHP mode PHP parses a file by looking for one of the special tags that

tells it to start interpreting the text as PHP code. The parser then executes all of the code it finds until it runs into a PHP closing tag.

Starting tag Ending tag Notes

<?php ?> Preferred method as it allows the use of PHP with XHTML

<? ?> Not recommended. Easier to type, but has to be enabled and may conflict with XML

<script language="php"> ?> Always available, best if used when FrontPage is the HTML editor

<% %> Not recommended. ASP tags support was added in 3.0.4

<?php echo “Hello World”; ?>

PHP CODE HTMLHTML


Getting Started

2. Simple HTML Page with PHP

The following is a basic example to output text usingPHP.

<html><head><title>My First PHP Page</title></head><body><?phpecho "Hello World!";?></body></html>

Copy the code onto your web server and save it as “test.php”.

You should see “Hello World!” displayed.

Notice that the semicolon is used at the end of each line of PHP code to signify a line break. Like HTML, PHP ignores whitespacebetween lines of code. (An HTML equivalent is <BR>)


Getting Started

3. Using conditional statements

Conditional statements are very useful for displaying specific content to the user. The following example shows how to display content according to the day of the week.

<?php$today_dayofweek = date(“w”);

if ($today_dayofweek == 4){ echo “Today is Thursday!”; }else{ echo “Today is not Thursday.”;}

?>


Getting Started

3. Using conditional statementsThe if statement checks the value of $today_dayofweek (which is the numerical day of the week, 0=Sunday… 6=Saturday)

If it is equal to 4 (the numeric representation of Thurs.) it will display everything within the first { } bracket after the “if()”.

If it is not equal to 4, it will display everything in the second { } bracket after the “else”.



?>


Getting Started

3. Using conditional statements

If we run the script on a Thursday, we should see: “Today is Thursday”.

On days other than Thursday, we will see: “Today is not Thursday.”



?>


Examples

PHP is a great way to implement templates on your website.

How to implement a simple page counter


Examples

Step 1: Universal header and footer in a single file

Create a file called header.php. This file will have all of theheader HTML code. You can use FrontPage/Dreamweaver to create the header, but remember to remove the closing </BODY> and </HTML> tags.

<html><head>

<title>UCR Webmaster Support Group</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href=“mycssfile.css">

</head><body>

<table width=80% height=30>

<tr><td><div align=center> Page Title </div>

</td></tr></table>


Examples


Next, create a file called footer.php. This file will have all of the footer HTML code.

<table width=80% height=30>

<tr><td><div align=center> UC Riverside Department<BR>

<a href=mailto:[email protected]>[email protected]</a>

</div></td></tr></table>

</body>

</html>


Examples


This is the basic template that you will use on all of the pages. Make sure you name the files with a .php extension so that the server will process the PHP code. In this example, we assume the header and footer files are located in the same directory.

<?php

// header

include(“header.php”);

?>

Insert content here!

<?php

// footer

include(“footer.php”);

?>


Examples

Benefits:

- Any changes to header or footer only require editing of a

single file. This reduces the amount of work necessary for

site maintenance and redesign.

- Helps separate the content and design for easier maintenance

Page 1Content

Page 5Content

Page 3Content

Page 2Content

Page 4Content

Header

Footer


Examples

Step 1: Simple Page Counter Download the counter file webcounter.txt onto your machine

Upload the webcounter.txt file onto your web server (via FTP, WinSCP, etc)

Change the file permissions of the webcounter.txt file to 777 to allow thecounter file to be updated.


Examples

Step 2: Simple Page Counter Copy this code into a page where you want a counter.

<?php

$COUNTER_FILE = “webcounter.txt";

if (file_exists($COUNTER_FILE)) {

$fp = fopen("$COUNTER_FILE", "r+");

flock($fp, 1);

$hits = fgets($fp, 4096);

$hits += 1;

fseek($fp,0);

fputs($fp, $hits);

flock($fp, 3);

fclose($fp);

}

?>


Examples

Step 3: Simple Page Counter

Next, output the counter value using PHP. Copy this line after the main block of code.

This page has been viewed <?php echo“$hits”; ?> times.

• That’s it! The result should look something similar to:


Examples

Step 3: Simple Page Counter

You can change the text around the <?php echo“$hits”; ?> tags to your liking.

<?php echo“$hits”; ?> visitors.

This example shows1. How to escape from HTML and enter PHP mode2. How to output variables onto the screen using PHP


Examples

2. How to output variables using PHP Echo is the common method in outputting data. Since it

is a language construct, echo doesn’t require parenthesislike print().

Output Text Usage: <?php echo “Hello World”; ?> // prints out Hello World

Output the value of a PHP variable:<?php echo “$hits”; ?> // prints out the number of hits

Echo has a shortcut syntax, but it only works with the “short open tag” configuration enabled on the server. <?= $hits ?>


Examples

3. Other uses with echo()

Automatically generate the year on your pages. This willprint out ©2004 UC Riverside. ©<?php echo date(“Y”); ?> UC Riverside

You will need to escape any quotation marks with a backslash.<?php echo “I said \”She sells sea shells\” ”; ?>


Additional Resources

PHP Manual http://docs.php.net/

PHP Tutorial http://academ.hvcc.edu/~kantopet/php/index.php

PHP Coder http://www.phpide.de/

JEdit http://www.jedit.org/

PHP's creator offers his thoughts on the PHP phenomenon, what has shaped and motivated the language, and where the PHP movement is heading http://www.oracle.com/technology/pub/articles/php_experts/rasmus_php.html

Hotscripts – A large number of PHP scripts can be found at: http://hotscripts.com/PHP/Scripts_and_Programs/index.html


Additional Information

Some of the new functions added in version 5:

Arrays:array_combine() - Creates an array by using one array for keys and another for its values

array_walk_recursive() - Apply a user function recursively to every member of an array

Date and Time Related: idate() - Format a local time/date as integer date_sunset() - Time of sunset for a given day and location date_sunrise() - Time of sunrise for a given day and location time_nanosleep() - Delay for a number of seconds and nano seconds

Strings: str_split() - Convert a string to an array strpbrk() - Search a string for any of a set of characters substr_compare() - Binary safe optionally case insensitive comparison of two strings from an offset, up to

length characters

Other: php_check_syntax() - Check the syntax of the specified file php_strip_whitespace() - Return source with stripped comments and whitespace

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