Phrasal Verbs l nhng ng t i sau c gii t hoc trng t hay l c c hai. Our neighbors have promised to look after our dog while we are away. (Ngi hng xm ca chng ti ha chm sc con ch ca chng ti khi chng ti i xa) We are all looking forward to your visit. (Tt c chng ti u mong bn n thm) Trong ting Anh hin i, phrasal verbs c dn bn x dng rng ri trong mi trng hp, trong mi ng cnh k c nhng vn bn c tnh trang trng (formal contexts). H c khuynh hng x dng phrasal verbs nhiu hn l l dng ng t n v h quan nim rng vi s a dng ca phrasal verbs h trnh c cm gic ca ngi c, ngi nghe l qu xa l, trnh trng, c v ta y. v mt s t nhin ca cu vn. Th d: The government is trying to speed up new anti-terrorist laws. We have been living together for three years now. Dn hc ting Anh hay dng accelerate, co-habit, nhng dn bn x li x dng speed up, live together nhiu hn. c bi vit ca h ta c cm gic t nhin, gn gi ca ting Anh hin i. Nhng y cng l mt trong nhng l do lm cho ngi hc ting Anh nh chng ta cm thy bi ri v lm khi khng hiu dn bn x ni g khi giao tip vi h v, mt phn, a s trong chng ta u khng ch trng nhiu v phrasal verbs. C nhiu l do lm chng ta yu km v mt ny, ch yu l v trong ting Vit chng ta khng c loi ng t ny nh trong ting Anh m trong khi ni v vit ting Anh mt s trong chng ta vn c khuynh hng dch tung chu t ngn ng ca mnh. Nhiu ngi quan nim khng nn x dng phrasal verbs trong khi vit essays, mt loi formal contexts, l mt quan nim sai lm. Cch chn t mi l tnh quyt nh v phrasal verbs, cng c coi nh mt dng vocabulary, cng c phn ra nhng ch gc Latin a s l loi formal; gc Anglo-Saxon, tuy mt s c xp vo loi informal, nhng bit bao ch trong nhm ny v thng v pht, v vi tnh thng dng, bnh dn ca nhng t ny, kho x dng chng s lm cho ngi c, ngi nghe cm thy gn gi hn, khc xa cm gic ca a s nhng ch formal mang li. Th d: Lan put on her coat and went out immediately. (Lan mc vi o khoc v i ra ngoi ngay) The envelope is sticking out from his trouser pocket.

(Ci bao th ang nh ra t ti qun ca n ng t n ng ngha vi put on ch c ch don, vi stick out l protrude. ng nhin l bn c th vit: Lan donned her coat and went out immediately. The envelope is protruding from his trouser pocket. Thay nhng ng t n ny vo, cu tr nn l ln lin, nht l cu u. Nu bn vit cho bn c th khi bn, cn nu bn vit cho ngi khc th bn qun mt yu t quan trng thu ht ngi c l s thn mt, gn gi v quen thuc. Nu bn mun vit kiu tht trang trng (formal), thiu g phrasal verbs thuc loi ny nh accede to, accord with, weary of, yearn forcho bn chn: I soon wearied of his endless chatter. (Chng bao lu, ti chn ci tnh ni dai chuyn khng u ca n I have no reason for acceding to your demands. ( Ti chng c l do g phi ng vi yu cu ca bn) These punishments accord with the current schools code of discipline. (Nhng hnh pht ny ng vi noi qui ca trng) He yearned for her love. (Anh ta ao c c tnh yu ca nng)

Ting Anh cng nh ting Vit, c nhiu ch thch hp vi hon cnh ny nhng li khng hp vi tnh hung khc, cng nh bn khng mc qun jean khi lm l ci nh th v khi ra bi hoc do mt ngoi bi bin, bn u mun mnh trong b d hi. C nhiu bn cm thy bn khon va co khi con lo ngai v nhng loi t ny; tng ch ri ra th bit, khi kt hp li th lm khi chng hiu n ngha g. Tht ra, bn no cng bit kh nhiu v loi t ny, th d nh talk to/with, listen to, go with, go to, play with, dream of, look for, look after... Chng nhng th bn cn bit kh nhiu v phrasal nouns na nh handout, set-up, shake-up, breakdown, slowdown

After that last breakdown, I decided it was time for a new car. (Sau ln xe h , ti quyt nh l n lc mua mt chic mi) Only grown-ups are allowed to drive. (Ch c ngi ln mi c quyn li xe) v chc l bn cng tng x dng phrasal adjective na nh ongoing, incoming, warm-up Those are worn-out shoes. ( l nhng chic giy mn rch) Watch out for oncoming traffic. (Coi chng xe c ang qua li)

Phrasal Verbs (2)

Phrasal verbs bi s kt hp gia mt ng t v mt t nh (particle). T nh, particle(s), ny c th l mt trng t (adverb), hay l mt gii t (preposition), hoc l c hai: The rich man gave away most of his fortune. Ngi giu c y tng hu ht ti sn ca ng ta cho ngi ngho. - to give away (away l adverb) H didnt want to deal with that firm any more. ng y khng mun giao dch vi hng na. - to deal with (with l preposition) I cant put up with his carelessness any longer. Ti khng th no chu ng ni s bt cn ca n thm pht giy no na. - to put up with (up = adv., with = prep) Cng nh bao ng t khc trong ting Anh, phrasal verb c th l:

- ngoi ng t (transitive): theo sau l mt danh t hoc l mt i danh t vi chc nng l tc t (object) ca ng t. - ni ng t (intransitive): khng c tc t theo sau. - hoc c th l c hai. iu quan trng nht v ng php vi mt phrasal verb l v tr tc t ca n. Intransitive phrasal verbs khng c tc t - ng t cng particle (thng l trng tadverb) lun i st nhau: The magazine Time comes out once a week. Bo Time c pht hnh mi tun mt ln.

Our car broke down and had to be towed to a garage. Xe chng ti b h v phi ko v ch sa. Cng nh cc ni ng t thng, khng c tc t i theo, loi phrasal verb ny khng dng th th ng (passive) nn bn khng nghe dn bn x ni Our car was broken down, The magazine Time is come out Mt s intransitive phrasal verbs thng dng: break down, come back, fall through, get by, get up, go on, grow up, look out, show up, shut up, sit down, stand up, stay on, take off, turn up, watch out Transitive phrasal verbs c chia lm hai nhm, ty theo v tr ca tc t: 1 Separable : a s transitive phrasal verbs thuc loi ny; tc t, l mt danh t, c th gia ng t v particle hoc i sau particle: I took my shoes off. I took off my shoes. Ti ci giy ra. He admitted hed made up the whole thing. He admitted hed made the whole thing up. Anh ta th nhn rng ba ra mi chuyn.

Nhng khi tc t l mt i danh t (nhng ch nh this, that, it, them,me,her&hellip , th i danh t ny s ng gia ng t v particle: I took them off. (NOT I took off them) He admitted hed made it up. (NOT He admitted hed made up it)

iu th v l trong ting Anh hu nh mi th u c ngoi l, c l l v ngn ng ny c trc vn phm, nn bn ng c ngc nhin khi thy mt s transitive phrasal verbs, tc t phi ng gia ng t v particlecho d tc t l mt danh t, cm danh t hoc i danh t: The two sisters look so much alike that only their husbands can tell them apart. (NOT tell apart them.) Hai ch em ging nhau n ni ch c chng ca h mi phn bit h c. I could hardly tell the two sisters apart. (NOT tell apart the two sisters.) Ti khng th phn bit c hai ch em ny. Mt vi phrasal verbs thng gp thuc loi ny: bring (sb) to, drag (sb) down, have (sb) over 2 Nonseparable: tc t phi i sau particle(s). Loi ny bao gm tt c cc loi prepositional verbs (ng t + gii t) v loi phrasal prepositional verbs (ng t + trng t + gii t): I ran into our old friend, Lan Tran, the other day at the supermarket. Hm , tao gp li Trn Lan, bn c ca ti mnh, siu th. She was looking for the passport which she had lost. Ch y ang tm kim cun h chiu m ch y mt. Vi loi ng t kp ny, trng t thng i gia ng t v gii t: She was looking everywhere for the missing passport. (NOT looking for everywhere&hellip C ta ang tm khp mi ni cho ra cun h chiu mt.

It made me feel good to see so many of her friends stand up for her when she was blamed for the loss. Ti cm thy tht l tt p khi thy rt nhiu bn ca ch y bnh vc ch khi ch b li cho s mt mt Vi loi prepositional phrasal verbs ny, ngi ta khng t tc t sau ng t v ng trc particles: I cant put up with this treatment any longer. (NOT put up this treatment/it with...) (NOT put this treatment/it up with) Ti khng th no chu ng ni cch i x ny na. Chng ta cng thng thy trng t thng ng gia hai particles: He stands up strongly for her. (NOT stands up for strongly her.) (NOT stands strongly up for her) ng ta mnh m ng h c y. Cng ging nh nhng ng t n khc, c nhiu phrasal verbs c th l transitive hoc intransitive. Ng cnh s cho chng ta bit chc nng cng vi ngha ca chng: The plane took off at seven oclock. My bay ct cnh lc by gi. He took off his hat and bowed politely as the teacher passed. N ct m ci mnh cho l php khi thy i ngang. I am taking this Friday off to get something done around the house. Ti s ngh th su lm vic nh Hes been taken off the medication. N va c ngng ung thuc. Son takes off his English teacher perfectly. Sn bt chc ng thy ngi Anh rt ti. In computing the income tax, one is allowed to take off three-thousand dollars for each dependent.

Khi tnh thu li tc, ngi ta c khu tr ba ngn ng cho mi ngi phi cp dng.

Phrasal Verbs (3)

Mc ch ca ngn ng cui cng vn l thng cm v hiu nhau Cch pht m (pronunciation) v ng iu (intonation/stress) trong cu l mt phn quan trng nghe, ni v hiu. Nu chng ta khng bit cch v kiu ni ca dn bn x th khi nghe h v hiu h ni s rt kh khn.

Vi intransitive nonseparable phrasal verbs (khng c tc t), ngi ta thng t du nhn vo particle: When the firefighters were able to arrive, both buildings had been burned down. Khi lnh cu ha n ni, c hai ta nh b chy tiu. He went on talking as though nothing had happened. N c tip tc ni chuyn lm nh chng c g xy ra.

Vi transitive nonseparable phrasal verbs, prepositional phrasal verbs (ng t + gii t), loi c tc t theo sau particle, thng du nhn ri vo ng t: If you dont follow what Ive said and get into trouble, dont look to me for help. Nu my khng nghe li tao v gp rc ri, ng c hng mong tao gip . I want to buy a new tie to go with this brown suit. Ti mun mua mt ci c vt mi cho hp vi b nu ny.

Separable phrasal verbs, loi lc no cng c tc t, chng ta bit rng nu tc t l i danh t (pronoun), tc t ny s phi nm gia ng t v particle, du nhn s ri vo particle: Can you make it out? Bn c lm c khng? Your houses bitterly cold. Go to the furnace and turn it on. Nh my lnh qu, t l si ln my. Nu tc t l mt danh t v danh t ny ng gia ng t v particle. Trng m thng s l danh t: Can you make your writing out? Bn c lm c bi vn khng? Soon it began to get dark and we had to turn the lights on. Chng lu sau tri bt u ti v chng ti phi m n ln. Nu danh t ng sau particle, thng trng m s particle: They had met in Hanoi to iron out all the difficulties before the contract was signed here today. H gp nhau ngoi H Ni san bng mi kh khn trc khi hp ng c k kt y hm nay. Lan has promised to see after the children while we go to the movies. Ch Lan ha trng coi my a nh khi chng ti i xem phim. Chng ta cng nh rng lut ch l chung chung thi, nu ngi ni mun nhn mnh mt iu g th trng m s : We need to turn on the lights right way. Its six oclock now and its too dark to read. Chng ta cn m n ln ngay. Su gi chiu ri, ti qu chng c c g.

I saw him talking with the principal this morning. Ti gp n ang ni chuyn vi thy hiu trng sng nay. C nhiu phrasal verbs c th l transitive hoc instransitive ty theo ng cnh, v ngha cng khc; stress cng v m thay i: Since Mr. Tran fell ill, the family has had to live on what Mrs. Tran earns. T khi ng Trn ng bnh, c nh phi sng nh vo ng tin b Trn kim c. Great players, such as Pele, Maradona, Platini, Beckenbauer, come and go, but soccer will live on forever. Nhng cu th v i, nh Pele, Maradona, Platini, Beckenbauer, n ri i, nhng mn bng s cn sng mi.

Trng m vi prepositional phrasal verbs (ng t + trng t + gii t) kh n gin; m mnh s trng t: He was never any good, and the fact that he ran away with another woman, abandoning his wife and children, only proves it. Hn ta l mt ngi t bc, vic hn i theo mt ngi n b khc, b ri v con l mt bng c r rng. In that divorce action, the question of the custody of the children was left up to the judge. Trong v ly d , quyn nui l tr ty thuc vo quyt nh ca v thm phn. Trng hp cc phrasal verbs m ng t i vi into, ngi ta pht m chng nh l three-word verbs (prepositional phrasal verbs) v thc ra into l t kt hp ca hai ch in v to -trng m ch in: On my way downtown, I bumped into an old friend whom I hadnt seen for years. Trn ng xung ph, ti tnh c gp li mt anh bn c nhiu nm khng thy.

The police are looking into the record of all those who involved in the crime. Cnh st ang xem xt h s l lch ca tt c nhng ngi c lin quan n v n .

Chng ta vn bit vic cc tnh t, danh t c hnh thnh t cc ng t rt l ph bin: ng t: act predict mean tnh t: active predictive meaningful danh t: action prediction meaning

Rt nhiu phrasal nouns c hnh thnh t phrasal verbs: It doesnt look as though this rain is ever going to let up. Dng nh cn ma ny s chng bao gi dt. There was no letup in terrorist bombings after the peace treaty had been signed. Chng c s ngng ngh no trong cc v nh bom ca ti khng b sau khi tha c ha bnh c k kt. Be sure to slow down as you approach that dangerous curve. Hy gim tc khi anh n gn khc quanh . The storm caused a big slowdown on the highway yesterday. Trn bo lm ngng tr vic giao thng trn xa l ngy hm qua. I was a pupil when the war broke out. Ti l mt cu b tiu hc khi chin tranh bc pht.

The SARS outbreak wreaked havoc on tourism in 2003. S bc pht ca bnh SARS gy thit hi nng n cho ngnh du lch nm 2003. Phrasal nouns c hai dng; ng t ng trc: slowdown, letdown, break-in, backup,tryout, follow-up Dng ny ch c gch ni, ch th khng v chng c qui tc r rt v iu ny, tuy a s cc phrasal nouns vi in v up u c du gch ni. Cch an ton nht vn l tra t in nu chng ta khng bit r rng. particle ng trc: downturn, outbreak, upturn, input, downpour Loi ny khng bao gi c du gch ni. Qui tc trng m rt n gin; c hai dng, du nhn u ch trc: downturn, slowdown Chng ta cng nn l nhiu cp phrasals trng ging nhau nhng ngha ca chng li khng nh vy: outlay/layout, output/putout, outlook/lookout, outsell/sellout, backout/outback, overpass/passover, overlay/layover, overtake/takeover, uphold/holdup, upset/setup, upbeat/beatup, upstart/startup, downturn/turndown Th d: downturn c ngha l mt s xung dc; cn turndown li l mt s t chi. Phrasal adjectives thuc dng qu kh phn t, trng m thng particle: Those buildings are broken-down. They reached the village only to find that all the wells had been dried up. Khi h n lng mi bit rng tt c cc ging nc u cn kh. My shoes are worn out.

Giy ti mn ht ri. Nhng khi ng trc danh t, trng m s thuc v danh t: a dried-up well. worn-out shoes. broken-down buildings. Khi thuc dng hin ti phn t, trng m s ng trc: In college, she was an outgoing student. Trong trng, c ta rt thn thin. Watch out for oncoming traffic. Hy coi chng xe c ang ti gn. Drinking and driving is an ongoing problem in our society. Li xe lc say ru vn cn ang l mt vn trong x hi chng ta. Nhng khi loi tnh t ny ng cui cu, trng m c thay i: The problem is ongoing. Rc ri vn ang tip din. She is very outgoing. C ta rt thn thin, ci m.

Bn v cch hc phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs cng nh bao t vng khc, thng c nhiu ngha. Ngha ca ch ty thuc vo ng cnh (context):

While trying to avoid running over a child, the driver swerved and ran into a tree. Trong khi c gng trnh khi cn a b, ngi ti x lc tay li v hc vo gc cy. Lets run over these questions once more so as to know the answers well. Chng ta hy xem li nhng cu hi ny ln na bit r nhng cu tr li. C khi ch c dng vi ngha en (literal meaning): He read a story of a knight who ventured into a cave, slaughtered a breathing-fire dragon, and rescued a princess.( = phun la) John went after his sister to make sure she was OK. ( = i sau, i theo) C khi vi ngha bng (figurative/metaphorical meaning): As soon as his father learned that Jim had quit school, the old man stormed out of the house, breathing fire.( = gin d) He never loves her. She should know he just goes after her money. ( = mun)

Tht l mt thiu st ln nu chng ta hc t vng cng nh l phrasal verbs m qun phn collocations, cch kt hp ca chng vi nhng t khc. Nh khi hc phrasal verb looking forward to, ngha l mong i, bn phi bit rng theo sau n s phi l mt th g c tnh vui v. Cn put up with th ngc li. Cn take after khi c ngha l ging nhau, gii hn ca n l dng cho s ging nhau gia cc thnh vin trong gia nh, nh con ging cha, m thi v take after khng c x dng trong dng continuous (taking after). V vy bn cng cn phi rng mt s phrasal verbs ch dng vi mt s th ring bit v khng xut hin nhng th khc, nh ch passive: be known as, be regarded as, be used as, be made up of continuous: be crawling with, be gunning for, be crying out for ng nhin c nhng phrasal verbs ch dng vi active ( nh eke out, fish for, lead to, make away with ), khng vi continuous ( nh boil down to, hinge on, hit on/upon ) C nhng phrasal verbs ch th reflexives ( nh doll oneself up, pride oneself on, prop oneself up ) C qu nhiu l do chng ta thy vic hc phrasal verbs (cng nh hc t vng) nn hc thnh tng cm, tng cu.

c nhiu bn thc mc l nn hc phrasal verbs theo ng t hoc hc theo particle (gii t/trng t). Tht kh tr li v chng c cch hc no thch hp cho tt c mi ngi. Theo kin ca mnh, trc ht, t nht chng ta phi bit ngha (en) ca ng t v ngha ca gii t hoc trng t ri ty vo cu, chng ta mi bit n ch c ngha en hoc phi on ngha bng ca phrasal verb. Ly th d nh ch on, bn bit rng n c th kt hp vi nhiu ng t v c ngha en l trn, trn v mt trong nhng ngha bng l ty thuc nh depend on, rely on, hinge on, plan on.. Bn cng thng thy n c x dng vi ngha tip tc nh go on, keep on, drag on, hold on, move on... Ch up, bn thng thy mt trong nhng ngha bong ca n l hon thnh, xong xui nh drink up, eat up, finish up, wrap up, end up

Phrasal Verbs vi Across

Across ngha l ngang, qua. Ty theo chc nng trong cu, n c th l mt gii t (preposition): We took a ferry across the river. Chng ti i ph qua sng. mt trng t (adverb): She walked across to the other side of the road. C ta bng qua ng. Khi dng vi from, across c ngha l i din, pha bn kia: The Town Hall is across from the Great Cathedral. Ta Th Chnh nm i din vi Nh th Ln. Across cng c dng ch phm vi: The rumor spread quickly across the country.

Tin n lan truyn nhanh chng khp c nc. Across cn c dng ch b ngang, v c n v o lng i cng: The hole was two meters across. Ci h rng hai mt.

Khi kt hp vi ng t, across c th c ngha l bt ng tm thy, bt gp nh bn thng thy trong cc phrasal verbs: come across, run across, stumble across. I came across this book in the library. Ti bt ng tm thy cun sch ny trong th vin. I run across an old friend of mine in the supermarket. Ti tnh c gp li mt ngi bn c trong siu th. At the flea market, Lan stumbled across an old English grammar book. Lan bt ng tm c mt cun ng php ting Anh c trong ch tri.

Across cng c th c ngha l truyn t, thng hiu, khi kt hp vi nhng ng t nh come/get/put: His enthusiasm came across very clearly when he talked about his job. Mi ngi thy rt r rng lng nhit thnh ca anh ta khi anh y ni v cng vic ca mnh. He was unable to get across to the group what he meant. N khng th no lm cho c nhm hiu n c. Television can be one of the most effective ways to put across health messages. Truyn hnh c th l mt trong nhng phng thc hu hiu nht truyn t nhng thng ip v y t. Vi ngha ny (truyn t, thng hiu), ngi ta c th dng ch over thay v ch across.

(Tham kho: Longman Dictionary v Cambridge Phrasal Verb Dictionary)

Phrasal Verb (6)

Behind

Ty theo chc nng trong cu, behind c th l mt trng t hoc l mt gii t. N c ngha (en) l ng sau, pha sau. Th d nu bn ni 'I left my book behind , ngha l bn b cun sch li mt ni no v khng mang theo n khi bn i ni khc. Cc ng t ng trc behind vi ngha ny bao gm: leave behind, stay behind, wait behind.

Tony stayed behind and helped John clean up the kitchen. (stay behind v wait behind c coi l ng ngha) Tony li gip John dn dp li nh bp. We were well on our way when we discovered that we had left behind our box of fishing tackle. Chng ti ang trn ng vui v th cht ngh ra rng qun hp ngh cu c.

Ty theo ng cnh, behind cng thng kt hp vi mt s ng t ch tin ca cng vic, ni rng b b li ng sau, khng tin b bng. Th d nu ng ch bn ni You get behind with your work, ngha l bn lm chm qu, khng t yu cu nu so vi tc ngi khc. Nhng ng t bn thng gp trong cu c ngha ny l fall/get/lag/leave/trail behind.

Our revenue is falling behind that of last year.

Doanh thu chng ti st gim khng bng nm ngoi. During my illness I got behind in my school work, and now it is difficult to catch up. Trong sut cn au m, ti khng theo kp vic hc hnh v by gi tht kh m bt kp c. Their software tends to lag behind that of other producers. (lag behind = trail behind) Nhu liu ca h thng x l chm hn so vi sn phm cng loi ca cc nh xn xut khc. While Japan flourished, the rest of Asia had left behind. Trong khi Nht Bn pht trin vt bc th cc nc cn li ca chu b tt li ng sau.

Behind cng c th c ngha l che du khi kt hp vi nhng ng t hide/lie/put behind. Th d nu bn ni I think the company is trying to hide behind this report, ca bn l cng ty ang c gng dng bn bo co ny che du mt th g khng c tt p cho lm. Nu bn ni I try to put my unhappy past behind me, ngi ta s hiu l bn c gng qun qu kh au bun ca bn v ng n nh hng n tng lai ca bn. Vi th d khc:

Id like to know what lay behind her decision to change her will. Ti mun bit l do thc s lm b ta i di chc. This was a disastrous loss, but we need to put it behind us and focus on winning the next game. y l mt trn thua thm hi nhng chng ta cn qun hn n i v tp trung thng trn u k tip.

Behind cn c th c ngha l ng h khi i vi get, stand, nh trong cu di y:

If we all get behind Campbell we can easily elect him to that office. Nu tt c chng ta u ng h Campbell, chng ta s d dng bu n vo chc v . Ill stand behind you no matter what you decide to do.

T s ng h cu bt k cu quyt nh lm g.

Phrasal Verbs with Away

Away l mt trng t (adverb), ngha l xa, cch xa. Ngoi ngha chnh ny cng mt s ngha bng/bin th t ngha ny (A), ngi ta cn dng away vi mt s ng t ch tnh lin tc, dai dng, khng ngng ngh (B).

A - Khi away i sau cc ng t ch s di chuyn nh back, break, come, get, go, move, run, slip, walk, n thng c ngha ri xa, cch xa ra. Gii t from/to/by/through.. theo sau thng ch phng hng hoc ni chn. Th d: My family used to live around here, but we moved away years ago. Gia nh ti tng y nhng dn i cch y nhiu nm

He backed away from the window as if it were the edge of precipice.

Anh ta li ra khi ci ca s lm nh n l b vc thm.

The couple slipped away through a side door without anyone seeing them leave.

Cp v chng chun i bng ca hng m khng ai thy c.

Ty theo ng t i km away c th c ngha l lm cho ri xa, cch xa ra: (call/chase/send/ tow/waveaway)

The dog quickly chased away all the squirrels.

Con ch nhanh chng ui my ch sc chy mt tiu. He was sent away by the security guard. N b bo v a ra ngoi.

Mt s phrasal verbs vi away c ngha bng hnh thnh t ngha ri xa, cch ra ny:

(1) Trnh xa ra, khng cho li gn hoc khng cho tham d, lin h vo: (back/break/drive/fall/frighten/get/keep/push/pull/scare/shy/stay/steer/turn/walk/warn/wa veaway)

The doctor told her to keep away from all sweets and fatty food. Bc s bo c ta ng/trnh dng ko v thc n nhiu cht bo. The police warned us to stay away from this area. Cng an cnh bo chng ti hy trnh xa khu vc ny. Hundreds of people were turned away from the soccer match. Hang trm ngi khng c vo xem trn bng After I have finished the project, I hope to be allowed to get away from work for at least one week. Sau khi hon thnh d n, ti hy vng c php ngh t nht mt tun.

(2) B mt, tiu hy t t: (chip/crumble/die/eat/fade/melt/pass/rot/rust/seep/slip/waste/wearaway

The parade passed and the sound of the calliope gradually died away. on din hnh qua v ting nhc dn dn nh i. Ocean waves are eating away the coastal rocks.

Sng bin ang n mn dn cc tng bn b bin. One of the chief characteristics of the disease is that the patient loses weight and wastes away. Mt trong nhng c tnh ca bnh l ngi bnh st cn v yu dn.

(3) Tho ra, ci ra hoc tr nn ri, trc ra: (break/burn/come/fall/peel/strip/take/tearaway)

Two carriages broke away from the train when it derailed and crashed into the bridge. Hai toa st ra khi xe la trt ng ry v m vo cy cu. The paint on the walls in our house has begun to peel away. Sn trn tng nh chng ti bt u trc ra.

(4) Cho i, b i, dng ht hoc thiu hy: (blow/brush/cut/do/give/kiss/sweep/throw/toss/wash/while/wipe/wishaway.)

Over the past three years, the couple have given away millions of dollars to the poor in our city. Ba nm qua, cp v chng tng khng hng triu ng cho ngi ngho trong thnh ph chng ta. Recently our government has done away with many obsolete laws which had been on the statute books for decades. Gn y chnh ph hy b nhiu lut li thi trong b lut my chc nm nay. The gangsters did away with the body of the victim by throwing it into the river. Bn cp th tiu xc nn nhn bng cch ling n xung sng. My son, you are old enough to know that you cant just wish your debts away. Stop gambling and start saving and working harder, my dear!

Con , con ln khn bit rng con khng th ch mun l n nn ca con s bin mt. Hy bt u dnh dm v lm vic sing nng ln con .

B Lin tc, khng ngng ngh: Away c dng vi mt s ni ng t (intransitive verbs) ch tnh lin tc, khng ngng ngh.

Nobody listens, but she just keeps talking away. Chng ai nghe, vy m b ta c ni mi.

(chat away, talk away v jabber away, ni chung, c coi l ng ngha)

Do you think its OK while Ive been slaving away youve done nothing to help but go out to enjoy yourself? Trong khi em lm vic vt v (nh con ) c ngy m anh chng gip g ch bit i rong chi mt mnh, anh ngh xem c c khng? Writing a book or a novel one must peg away at it consistently, day after day, week after week. Vit mt cun sch hay truyn, ngi ta phi chu kh mit mi lm vic ngy ny qua ngy khc, tun n n tun kia.

(Beaver away, peg away,plod away,plug away,slave away, slog away v toil away c cng mt ngha vi work away).

Phrasal Verbs with By

Ty theo chc nng trong cu, by c th l mt gii t hoc mt trng t. Bn c th dng phrasal verbs vi by din t:

(1)S di chuyn khi c chc nng l mt gii t, by c ngha l tht gn, tht st (mt ngi hay mt th g ): (brush/get/go/pass/push/run/sit/slip/stand/tickby) She pushed by him and out of the door. C ta x n ra v vt ra ngoi ca. How did he get by that security guard at the door? Lm sao hn qua c nhn vin gc cng ngoi ca? He passed by me as though he had never in his life seen me before. Hn lt qua mt ti l i nh c i hn cha gp ti bao gi. Nu mt th g pass by bn, by y c chc nng l mt gii t, ngha l th va lt ngang qua bn. Nu mt th g , th d nh thi gian, c hi, li ph bnh passed you by, ngha l th xy ra m bn khng h hay bit hoc bn khng h dnh dng vo. (by y l trng t, adverb) Seize opportunities while you can dont let them pass you by. Hy nm ly c hi, ng n vut mt. (go by = pass by) Time goes by so slowly when you have nothing to do. Thi gian tri qua tht chm khi bn ngi khng. (2) Cuc ving thm hoc dng chn : (call/come/drop/go/run/sit/slip/stand/stop/tickby) Well stop by at eight oclock and pick you up. Lc tm gi chng ti s gh ngang v n anh i. Mr. Evans dropped by my office yesterday to talk with me about the new book he is writing. Hm qua ng Evans tt qua vn phng ti ni chuyn v cun sch m ng ang vit. call by, stop by, drop by, come by, go by c coi l ng ngha, ch cuc ving thm ngn. Ring go by ch mt cuc dng chn, ving thm ngn ngi trn ng i u . I went by the post office on my way home from work.

Ti dng chn bu in trn ng v nh sau khi tan s. (3) S trung thnh, thy chung, tin tng: (abide/go/live/stand/stick/swearby) All of Georges friends stuck by him faithfully despite the serious charges brought against him. Tt c bn b ca George u ng h George mt cch trung thnh mc d anh ta b co buc nhiu ti nng. Georges wife stood by him through all his difficulties. V ca George nng anh to trong nhng lc gp kh khn. (stand by= stick by) They promised to abide by the rules of the contest. H ha l s tun theo qui nh ca cuc thi. He argued that even criminals have a code of ethics that they live by. Anh ta l lun rng ngay c x hi en cng c lut chi. My father swears by whisky as a cure for a cold. B ti c nim tin l ru whisky cha c cm lnh. (4) S chun b, sn sng: (lay/put/standby) I would like to lay by a portion of my weekly pay toward buying a new computer. Ti mun ring ra mt phn tin lng mi tun ca ti mua mt ci my vi tnh mi. (lay by = put by/aside/away) A boat will be standing by in case of emergency. Chic tu chc sn, phng khi c chuyn khn cp.

Phrasal Verb with Around

Around v round thng ng ngha trong phrasal verbs. Dn M quen dng around trong khi dn Anh li chung round hn. Ngi ta cng dng about thay th cho around v round trong (1) v (2) di y:1 S di chuyn: - Di chuyn lng vng, nhiu ch, nhiu ni: bustle/get/go/move/run/rush/show around. Cycling is the best way of getting around this city. Dng xe p l cch i li tt nht trong thnh ph ny. - Tm kim mi ch, mi ni: look/nose/poke/scout/shop/snoop around. The detectives kept poking around among old records and finally found the evidence they needed. Cc thm t tip tc tm kim trong chng h s c v cui cng h tm c chng c h cn. -Hi hoc ni chuyn vi nhiu ngi: ask/call/phone around. I asked around, but nobody knew her name. Ti hi nhiu ch nhng chng ai bit tn c ta l g. - Phn phi, chia x: hand/pass/scatter/spread around. Only a few guests came, so there was more than enough food to go around. Ch c mt t khch mi ti ni, v th thc n tht d d cho mi ngi. The photos were passed around for each of them to have a look at. Nhng bc hnh c h chuyn tay tng ngi mt coi. 2 Tiu thi gian khng lm g hoc khng c mc ch r rng: fiddle/fool/hang/kick/lie/loaf/loll/lounge/mess/mope/play/sit/stand/stick/wait around.

He just sits around the house all weekend and watches TV. N ch ngi khng nh xem truyn hnh c hai ngy cui tun He is crazy about horses and spends all his free time hanging around the racing stables. N m thch nga v dng ht th gi rnh ri la c quanh nhng ch chung nga ua. He spends so much time fooling around that he never accomplishes anything. Hn lng ph qu nhiu th gi nn chng lm c chuyn g nn hn c. 3 S thay i, chuyn ti mt hng mi: - Quay mt li: spin/swing/swivel/turn/wheel around. The guide led the way, turning around periodically to check that all the tourists were with him. Ngi hng o dn ng, thnh thong quay li xem chc rng tt c du khch vn cn trong nhm. - i hoc thuyt phc ngi khc i : bring/come/talk/win around. If we show them those figures I am sure that we can bring him around to our point of view. Nu chng ta a cho hn coi nhng con s ny th ti dm chc rng chng ta s li ko hn phi ng vi chng ta. If we talk to him, I am sure he will come around to our way of thinking. Nu chng mnh ni vi n, ti dm chc n dn d cng phi ngh theo chng mnh. - Tr nn tnh li: bring/come around The cool night air quickly brought her around She slapped her husbands face a couple of times to try to bring him around. C ta tt vo mt anh chng vi ci c cho anh ta tnh li.

4 Vy quanh, bao bc: - Vy quanh: cluster/crowd/gather/throw Students crowded around the teacher to hear what he said. Hc sinh vy quanh nghe ng thy ni g. - Tp trung, chuyn quanh: center/revolve around. His world revolves around his studies. Vic hc tp l quan trng nht i vi hn ta. 5 Trnh n: go/get/skate/skirt/talk/work around How can we get around this problem? Lm sao chng ta c th trnh c vn ny? 6 Sai vt, lm kh nhng ngi di quyn mnh: boss/kick/order/push/shove around My older sister always bossed us around. Ch t lc no cng sai vt bn t.

Phrasal Verb with On (1)On, ty theo chc nng trong cu, c th l mt ph t (adverb) hoc tc t (preposition). i khi ngi ta dng onto v on to thay cho on khi chng c chc nng l mt tc t trong cu. Bn cng thng thy trong li vn trang trng, h c th dng upon thay v on trong mt s trng hp. Off i khi l ch i ngha ca on (th d :turn on i ngha vi turn off) Phrasal verbs vi on, ty theo ng cnh, thng c ngha (khong 13 ngha) di y: 1 S tip tc On c dng vi rt nhiu ng t dng din t s tip tc ca mt s vic hoc ch dn rng s vic ny s din ra trong mt thi gian di. Th d nu bn ni Ill carry on with my

work, c ngha l bn s tip tc lm vic ; I struggle on with my work, ngha l bn c gng tip tc cng vic ca mc d phi ng u vi nhiu s kh khn; The talk dragged on for another hour ngha l cu chuyn c ko di (mt cch khng cn thit) thm mt ting ng h na.; My time wears on, c ngha l thi gian ca ti mi mn tri qua, mt cch tht chm. Vi th d khc: How is he getting on with that novel he is writing? ng ta (tin hnh) tip tc cun truyn ng ta ang vit n u ri? He went on talking as though nothing had happen. Hn ta c tip tc ni chuyn nh chng c g xy ra. Hes always harping on the need to reform the economy. N c tip tc li nhi v s cn thit phi ci t nn kinh t. People come and go, but our English Forum will live on. Ngi n ri li i nhng din n ting Anh ca chng ta s cn mi. Ill bash on for another hour or so. Ti s tip tc lm thm khang mt ting ng h na. Cc ng t kt hp vi on vi ngha va trnh by bn c th gp: bang/bash/carry/drag/dream/drone/get/go/grind/hand/hang/harp/hold/hurry/keep/linger/live/mo ve/pass/play/plod/plough/press/push/rabbit/ramble/rattle/roll/rumble/run/sell/send/soldier/stay/s truggle/tick/wave/wear on. 2 S ty thuc v mong i: On l mt tc t trong phrasal verbs mang ngha ny. Danh t theo sau on ni v vic bn ty thuc, bn cn hoc bn ang mong i. Th d nu bn ni I count on his help, ngha l bn ang mong i s gip ca ng ta v ng l bn a vic ny vo k hoch ca bn. Nu bn bet on something, ngha l bn c cm gic chc l vic s xy ra (Many homeowners are betting on further price rises); if something hinges on/upon another, ngha l s hnh thnh hoc hin hu ca vic th nht s hon ton ty thuc vo vic th nh (His political future hinges on the outcome of this election); If you wait on/upon an event, ngha l bn ch cho n khi event ny xy ra trc khi bn lm hoc quyt nh g (The company is prepared to delay the deal and wait on events) Bn cng thng thy upon c dng thay cho on trong li vn trang trng (more formal) vi mt s phrasal verbs.

Mt s th d khc: You can always bank on Kim if you need money. Nu bn cn tin th lc no bn cng c th trng cy vo Kim. This industry relies heavily on government subsidies. Ngnh cng nghip ny ty thuc nng n vo s bao cp ca chnh ph. Bens failure to pay his share was something we had not figure on. Chuyn Ben khng tr c phn ca anh ta l mt iu chng ta khng tnh ti. Dont plan on my going with you, for I expect to be busy this weekend. ng c tnh l ti s i vi anh v ti chc cui tun ny s rt bn. Cc ng t kt hp vi on vi ngha va trnh by bn c th gp: Bank/bargain/bet/call/count/depend/figure/gamble/hang/hinge/lean/pin/pivot/plan/put/reckon/rel y/take/turn/wait/work on

Phrasal Verbs with On (2)

3 Tn cng: Vi chc nng l mt gii t, on c th kt hp vi mt s ni ng t (intransitive verbs) v nhng phrasal verbs ny c th mang nghacng kch, tn cng. Th d: The dog suddenly turned on its owner, causing serious injuries. Con ch thnh lnh tn cng ch n, gy thng tch trm trng. He rounded on critics who had been calling for his resignation. Hn ta phn ng d di vi nhng ngi ch trch, nhng ngi i hn phi t chc. According to the witness, the police ran up and started beating on him. Theo li nhn chng, cng an chy n v nh hn ti bi. He was jumped on by a gang of teenagers.

Hn ta b mt m thiu nin tn cng. She makes his life miserable, picking on him for the slightest things. C y lm kh thn n, chi bi than phin v nhng chuyn nh nht nht. The cat pounced on the bird and carried it to the bush. Con mo v ly con chim v tha n vo trong bi. Leave now or Ill set the dogs on you. Hy ri khi y ngay, nu khng tao th ch ra tn cng my. She started on at him about spending too much time at the bar. B ta chi bi n v chuyn dnh qu nhiu thi gi ngoi qun ru. You have no right to trample on peoples feelings. My khng c quyn ch p ln tnh cm ca ngi khc.

Cc ng t kt hp vi on vi ngha va trnh by bn c th gp: beat/dump/fall/jump/pick/pounce/prey/round/set/spring/start/trample/turn on.

4 Khm ph, tm thy, gp g: Trong phrasal verbs vi ngha ny, on l mt gii t v sau on l ngi hay l vt, th m bn tm thy, gp (u c mang ngha t mt s tnh c). Th d, nu bn have hit on/upon the solution to the problem, ngha l bn va tnh c tm thy cch gii quyt vn ; nu bn chance on/upon someone or something, ngha l bn tm thy vt hoc ngi mt cch bt ng, mt iu m bn khng tnh n. Happen on/upon, light on/upon, strike on/upon u c ngha tng t - upon thy trong nhng cu c tnh trang trng (more formal). i khi, trong across v on c ngha ging nhau, nh trong trng hp stumble on v chance on. Mt vi th d: I was browsing in a bookshop when I chanced upon/across an old friend. Khi ang tm sch mua trong tim, ti tnh c gp li ngi bn c. An explorer happened upon this ancient city many years ago.

Cch y nhiu nm, mt nh thm him ngu nhin khm ph ra thnh ph ny. After many experiments Edison finally hit upon a suitable filament for the electric light bulb. Sau nhiu cuc th nghim, cui cng Edison tm c mt loi dy t thch hp lm bng n in. Suddenly she lit on a new way of approaching the problem. Thnh lnh c ta tm ra mt phng php tip cn vn mi. He has struck on a new idea to get on with the novel he is writing. ng ta va tm thy mt tng mi cho cun tiu thuyt ng ta ang vit d. We stumbled on/across him in the library. Chng ti tnh c gp hn trong th vin.

Phrasal Verbs with On (3)

5 Dng, s dng: On l mt gii t khi kt hp vi mt s ng t din t vic dng, s dng v danh t theo sau on ni v th m bn dng lm c s, lm cn c cho mt vic khc vic ny c th l mt nim tin, mt hnh ng, mt s quyt nh Cc ng t kt hp vi on vi ngha va trnh by bn c th gp: Act/base/build/draw/model/pattern/tradeon. Bn cng thng thy upon thay v on c dng trong mt s trng hp v lm cho cu mang tnh trang trng hn. Mt vi th d: The committee acted upon the suggestions the experts made. y ban hnh ng theo ngh ca nhng chuyn vin. This school policy is based on the idea that students should compete with each other. Chnh sch ca trng ny t cn bn trn tng l hc sinh nn tranh ua cng nhau.

Our relationship is built on mutual trust. Quan h chng ta xy dng trn s tin tng ln nhau. My uncle often draws on his own life experience when he decides to do something. Bc ti thng da vo kinh nghim khi ng y quyt nh lm g . Australian parliamentary system is patterned on/after the one used in Britain. (pattern on/after = model on) H thng quc hi ca nc c c phng theo m hnh ca h thng c dng bn Anh. He wants to succeed by working hard instead of just trading on his good looks. N mun thnh cng bng s lm vic chm ch thay v ch da vo b m p trai. 6 Tiu th, s dng: On l mt gii t khi kt hp vi mt s ng t din t vic tiu th, s dng v danh t theo sau on ni v loi thc phm m bn n (tiu th) sng hoc cht liu cho my mc, dng c hot ng. Th d, nu bn ni I dine on bread and cheese, ngha l bn n bnh m v ph mai (cho ba n chnh trong ngy); he battens on that rich lady, ngha l hn ta sng bo tt nh ngi n b giu c ; this truck runs on diesel, ngha l chic xe ti ny chy bng du cn. Cc ng t kt hp vi on vi ngha va trnh by bn c th gp: Batten/dine/feed/live/run/sponge on. Bn c th dng off thay v on trong mt s ng t trn y m ngha vn khng thay i. Mt vi th d khc: Pigeons battened on crops. Chim b cu bo v hoa mu. They dined on/off chicken every day for one week. H n tht g mi ngy lin mt tun. Owls feed on mice and other small animals. Con c n chut v cc loi ng vt nh.

They seem to live on/off nothing but hamburgers and fries. Dng nh h chng n g ngoi hamburgers v khoai ty chin. Most cars run on unleaded fuel. Hu ht xe c s dng nhin liu khng c cht ch. He is now twenty-five but still lives at home and sponges on/off his parents. Hn ta hai mi lm tui ri nhng vn sng nh v n bm b m.