I HC QUC GIA TP.H CH MINHTRNG I HC KINH T - LUT

TI NGHIN CU KHOA HCKHO ST PHN NG CA HC SINH THPT TRC S I MI CA K THI THPT QUC GIA

GV: Chu Vn Ninh Tn cc thnh vin: Nguyn Th HngK134091054 Nguyn Thanh HuyK134091067 Nguyn Th L HuynK134091070 Trnh Quc ThchK134091127 Kinh Vn XunK134091156

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I HC QUC GIA TP.H CH MINHTRNG I HC KINH T - LUT

TI NGHIN CU KHOA HCKHO ST PHN NG CA HC SINH THPT TRC S I MI CA K THI THPT QUC GIA

GV: Chu Vn Ninh Tn cc thnh vin: Nguyn Th HngK134091054 Nguyn Thanh HuyK134091067 Nguyn Th L HuynK134091070 Trnh Quc ThchK134091127 Kinh Vn XunK134091156

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MC LCLi ni u4Gii thch nhng t vit tt5PHN I: PHN M U61.L do chn ti62.Tng quan tnh hnh nghin cu63.Mc ch, nhim v94. ngha khoa hc v thc tin105.Phm vi nghin cu106.Phng php nghin cu10PHN 2: NI DUNG12Chng 1: C s l thuyt121. Tm l ngi121.1 Khi nim121.2 Bn cht hin tng tm l ngi theo duy vt bin chng121.3 iu kin c phn nh tm l131.4 Phn nh tm l l phn nh c bit141.5 Tnh ch th trong phn nh tm l142. Phn ng ca con ngi142.1 Khi nim142.2 Cc yu t tc ng ln nhng phn ng x hi ca con ngi152.3 Cc loi phn ng152.4 Mi quan h gia phn nh tm l ngi vi phn ng163. K thi ba chung163.1 Khi nim163.2 Tch cc163.3 Tiu cc174. K thi THPT Quc Gia174.1 Hon cnh ra i174.2 Nhng im chnh quan trng v phn ng ca hc sinh trong thi c234.3 kin ca gio vin v ph huynh hc sinh245.Thp nhu cu ca Maslow25Hnh 1:Thp nhu cu ca Maslow27Chng 2: Bo co kt qu nghin cu291.a ra cc gi thuyt29Bng 1: Thnh tch hc tp ca hc sinh292. Phn tch, so snh, nhn xt30Bng 3: Khi thi hc sinh s thi tuyn sinh trc khi bit s thay i ca k thi THPT31Bng 4: Mn hc tt ca hc sinh31Bng 5: Mi quan h gia mn hc tt v chn mn t chn32Bng 6: Thi gian t hc ca hoc sinh33Bng 7: Bng th hin vic thay i thi gian t hc ca hc sinh34Bng 8: Thi gian dnh cho mn t hc35Hnh 2: Biu th hin cc hnh thc hc ngoi kha ca hc sinh36Bng 10: Bng th hin thay i hnh thc hc ngoi kha so vi trc y37Chng 3: Kt lun v kin ngh411.Kt lun412.Kin ngh41Ph lc42PHIU KHO ST43TI LIU THAM KHO45

Li ni u

u tin nhm xin cm n thy Chu Vn Ninh ging gii nhit tnh cho chng ti trong bc u tm hiu v nghin cu khoa hc, chng ti xin cm n Ban gim hiu trng THPT Nguyn Hu Hun cng vi cc em hc sinh nhit tnh gip nhm tin hnh kho st thun li v thnh cng. Do hn ch v kinh nghim, thi gian cng nh ti chnh nn vic chn mu v phn tch cn nhiu sai st, nhm mong nhn c s thng cm v gp t thy nhm rt kinh nghim cho nhng ln nghin cu sau

Xin trn trng cm n!Nhm nghin cu K13409, khoa K ton Kim ton trng H Kinh t - Lut. Gii thch nhng t vit tt1. THPT: Trung hc ph thng2. H, C: i hc, cao ng3. B GD&T: B Gio dc v o to4. THKQ: Hin thc khch quan5. THCS: Trung hc c s6. NN: Ngoi ng

PHN I: PHN M UL do chn tiGio dc t lu i c v tr quan trng, c xem l nn tng ca quc gia. Gio dc cng vng mnh quc gia cng pht trin. Tuyn b nm 1994 ca T chc Gio dc, Khoa hc v Vn ha ca Lin Hp Quc ch ra rng: Khng c mt s tin b v thnh t no c th tch khi s tin b v thnh t trong lnh vc gio dc ca quc gia . V nhng quc gia no coi nh gio dc hoc khng tri thc v kh nng cn thit lm gio dc mt cch c hiu qu th s phn ca quc gia xem nh an bi v iu cn ti t hn c s ph sn. Lch s 4000 nm vn hin ca dn tc Vit Nam ta lun c nhng nhn ti xut chng lm rng danh nc nh, truyn thng hiu hc, tn s trng o l t tng ct li ca dn tc ta. Sau khi Cch mng thng Tm nm 1945 thnh cng, tuy t nc ginh c c lp, song chnh quyn non tr gp v s kh khn, c bit l nn m ch, li ku gi chng gic dt ca Bc tr thnh nhim v cp thit cho nhn dn ta. Ngy nay trong hon cnh t nc ta ang tin hnh cng nghip ha hin i ha, cht lng cuc sng ngy mt tng ln, gio dc ng vai tr quan trng hn bao gi ht, i hi nc ta phi c bin php gio dc tin b mi ph hp xu th pht trin hin i, gn y nht l s thay i trong cch thc t chc k thi THPT quc gia nm 2015 ca B GD&T, tuy nhin s thay i c phn t ngt ny liu c gy hoang mang, lo lng cho hc sinh cui cp, c bit l hc sinh ang cn kh b ng vi s thay i ny, hc sinh c cn nhiu thi gian hn thay i cch thc, phng php hc tp ca mnh ?. l l do nhm quyt nh chn ti ny hy vng nm bt c mt phn tm l hc sinh THPT, t nu ln nhng kin mang tnh ch quan ca mnh hi vng ng gp mt phn nho nh cho gio dc nc nh. Tng quan tnh hnh nghin cuHin nay gio dc ngy cng pht huy vai tr quan trng i vi con ngi v x hi c bit l i vi th h tr ang chun b bc vo i. Nhng nm gn y nc ta ang khng ngng i mi hon thin h thng gio dc ph hp vi s pht trin ca x hi. Mt trong nhng thay i l s thay i quy ch thi ca k thi tt nghip nm 2014, hc sinh khng cn phi thi su mn bt buc ( trong c ba mn cng b vo cui thng ba nh nhng nm trc) m ch cn thi bn mn trong hai mn thi bt buc l Ng vn, Ton. Hai mn cn li s do th sinh t chn trong s cc mn: Vt l, Ha hc, Sinh hc, a l v Lch s. Hc sinh c th ng k thi Ngoi ng c cng im khuyn khch vo im xt tt nghip. Cn thi i hc vn thi chung nh nhng nm trc. Vi cc k thi tt nghip trc y hu ht l u tt nghip l 90% v c nhn nh l khng hiu qu v cha nh gi ng nng lc ngi hc, k thi ny khng thc cht, khng cn tin cy nh gi cht lng hc ca hc sinh, bn cnh hc sinh cn hc lch nhiu phc v cho khi thi m mnh s thi tuyn sinh i hc. V vy thi tip tc i mi theo hng nh gi nng lc ngi hc, cc cu hi m, cc cu hi vn dng kin thc tng hp, lin mn t d n kh.n nm 2015, thay v t chc hai k thi nh trc y, B Gio dc ch cn t chc mt k thi xt cng nhn tt nghip v tuyn sinh H, C. Theo , th sinh phi thi bn mn gm ba mn bt buc (Ton, Ng vn, Ngoi ng) v mt mn t chn trong s cc mn Vt l, Ho hc, Sinh hc, Lch s v a l. Kt qu 4 mn ny c s dng kt hp vi im trung bnh c nm lp 12 xt cng nhn tt nghip THPT, ng thi cng c s dng tuyn sinh vo cc ngnh ph hp ca cc trng H, C (nu trng s dng cc mn ny tuyn sinh). Vic i mi thi, tuyn sinh s c thc hin theo hng gn nh, gim p lc cho th sinh v x hi, to thm nhiu c hi th sinh trng tuyn vo H, C. Tt nhin, bt k s thay i no cng t nhiu gy lo lng cho cc em, nht l khi cch thi c tn ti rt nhiu nm v tr nn quen thuc, d bc l r mt s hn ch v tn km. V chiu ngy 9/9/2014, B GD- T chnh thc t chc hp bo qu 3 cng b phng n t chc k thi THPT quc gia nm 2015.Phng n t chc k thi THPT quc gia nm 2015 sau khi c cng b nhn c nhiu s ng h ca hc sinh, sau y chng ti xin trch nguyn vn mt s kin ca hc sinh m chng ti su tm c trn Kenh14.vn (ngy 13/9/2014)[footnoteRef:1]: [1: http://kenh14.vn/hoc-duong/hoc-sinh-cap-3-nghi-gi-ve-phuong-an-to-chuc-ky-thi-quoc-gia-2015-20140911124251220.chn]

T thy hnh thc thi mi c nhiu im ng ng h. Th nht, gim chi ph. Th hai, gim p lc cho hc sinh. Nhiu bn ni cc bn ban D c li nhng thc t khng phi vy. Nu vn thi hai k thi nh c th s mn phi hc phi thi cn nhiu hn na, va p lc, li va tn thi gian. Hn na cc bn vn thi mn khi theo yu cu tuyn sinh ca tng trng a ra, nh vy bn cht gn nh khng c g thay i. T ngh khng cn phi lo lng qu nhiu, vic cn by gi l tp trung hc tht chu o! y l kin ca bn inh Th Ngc nh, hc sinh lp 12a14 THPT M c A, H Ni. Bn Nguyn Linh Chi, hc sinh lp 12 chuyn Ton th cho rng:Vic thi tt nghip 4 mn thc s khin bn t nh nhm hn, v n cng phn no gim hn tnh trng hc lch v ang tn ti khng t hc sinh hin nay. Ton, Vn, Ngoi ng l nhng mn c bn trong chng trnh hc, l nhim v phi hon thnh, nn mnh ngh cch i mi ny c th nng cht lng dy v hc ln ng k.Bn cnh nhng kin ng tnh, c nhng kin t ra hoang mang, lo lng trc s thay i ny, c bit l nhng hc sinh cui cp (theo Kenh14.vn ngy 13/9/2014): Tha nhn l B GD-T cng phi rt cn nhc th mi cht, nhng m iu ng ni l nu p dng ngay t nm 2015 th hc sinh lp 12 c kp thch nghi v iu chnh cch hc hay khng? 9 thng chun b cho k thi quan trng nht trong s nghip hc hnh, ngh l nhiu nhng thc ra khng. Ai tng thi H u bit, mi ngi u c nh hng v u t t lp 10 tr i, nu khng mun ni l cp 2. Vi kiu thi ny, t cm gic khi A v C c cht bt li L Chi, hc sinh lp 12 mt trng trung hc ti H Ni chia s. Phm Linh (hc sinh lp 12) by t ni lo lng ca mnh: Nguyn vng l H KHXH&NV nn t ch tp trung hc khi C, Ton vi Ting anh thc s l mt tr ngi khng ch ca ring t, m hu nh cc bn khi C no cng vng phi. Gi n cn nh hng n kt qu tuyn sinh ca H na, t thc s rt lo! Vy cn thi? N va phi p ng c iu kin c bn ca thi Tt nghip, va tuyn sinh i hc. Liu ri c th tha ng khng?. Vn thi l ni bn khon chung ca rt nhiu ngi, thm ch cc thy c gio cng rt au u iu chnh phng php ging dy v n luyn ca mnh[footnoteRef:2]. [2: http://kenh14.vn/hoc-duong/hoc-sinh-cap-3-nghi-gi-ve-phuong-an-to-chuc-ky-thi-quoc-gia-2015-20140911124251220.chn]

Trn y l mt s kin, suy ngh v ni lo lng ca nhng hc sinh cui cp khi h l ngi u tin thc hin phng n mi ca B. V vy ngay t by gi nhng hc sinh cui cp nn c nhng nhn nhn ng n v vn v c nhng k hoch, phng php hc ng n c c kt qu tt nht. V thi gian hn ch nn ti nghin cu ca nhm ch mi l bc u kho st v tm l ca hc sinh lp 12 trc s thay i ca k thi THPT. Nhm mong rng kt qu nghin cu s gp phn phc v tch cc cho nhng ti nghin cu su rng hn sau ny.Mc ch, nhim v3.1 Mc ch Nm c phn ng hc sinh cui cp v s thay i trong k thi THPT quc gia 2014. Bit c nh hng ca s thay i ny i vi qu trnh hc tp ca hc sinh cui cp. ra cc gii php tm l gip hc sinh n tp v thi tt

3.2 Nhim v Lm r v s thay i ca k thi THPT quc gia bit c phn ng ca hc sinh cui cp v vn ny nh th no. Tm hiu s thay i trong k hoch hc tp ca hc sinh lp 12, t a ra nhng phng php hc tp ng n ph hp vi yu cu hin ti. ngha khoa hc v thc tin0. ngha khoa hcV y l vn cn kh mi m, bi nghin cu ny hy vng s l ngun ti liu tham kho nho nh cho cc nh lm gio dc nhng thay i tip theo ph hp vi hc sinh v xu th php trin chung ca t nc.0. ngha thc tin:Dy hc phi hiu r ngi hc, hiu c tm l ca hc sinh, bit c hc sinh cn g. V vy, ti liu nghin cu ny hy vng s ng gp tch cc gip gio vin c bin php ging dy hp l, nh hng tch cc n thi hc tp hc sinh, gip hc sinh hon thin mnh hn t c kt qu cao trong qu trnh hc tp v thnh cng trong k thi THPT quc gia, c bit l hc sinh lp 12 ang trong qu trnh chun b cho k thi sp ti.1. Phm vi nghin cuDo kinh ph v iu kin khng cho php nn chng em ch nghin cu v kho st cc trng ph thng trn a bn qun Th c: trng THPT Nguyn Hu Hun. i tng nghin cu s l cc em hc sinh ph thng lp 12 sp sa chun b k thi THPT quc gia. Phng php nghin cu6.1 Phng php l lun: Su tm, c v tm hiu cc ti liu v hc sinh. Nghin cu v qui ch thi THPT, phn bit 2 qui ch thi trc v sau i mi. Son bng hi 6.2 Phng php thc tin: Tin hnh kho st cc hc sinh 2 trng THPT trn a bn qun Th c.

PHN 2: NI DUNGChng 1: C s l thuyt1. Tm l ngi1.1 Khi nimL tt c nhng hin tng tinh thn ny sinh do tc ng ca th gii khch quan vo no, c no phn nh, n gn lin, iu hnh, iu chnh mi hnh vi hot ng ca con ngi1.2 Bn cht hin tng tm l ngi theo duy vt bin chngCh ngha duy vt bin chng khng nh: tm l ngi l s phn nh ca hin tng khch quan vo no ngi thng qua ch th v tm l ngi c bn cht x hi lch s. Tm l ca con ngi l phn nh hin thc khch quan vo no. Tm l ca con ngi khng phi do thng , do tri sinh ra, cng khng phi do no tit ra nh gan tit mt, tm l ngi l s phn nh hin thc khch quan vo no.Th gii quan tn ti bng thuc tnh khng gian, thi gian v lun vn ng. Phn nh l s tc ng ca h thng ny ln h thng kia. Kt qu ca s phn nh cho ta hnh nh ca s tc ng . Hnh nh y c th l hnh nh vt cht cng c th l hnh nh tinh thn.Phn nh din ra n gin n phc tp v c s chuyn ha ln nhau: t phn nh c, vt l ha n phn nh sinh vt v phn nh x hi. Phn nh tm l l mt loi phn nh c bit, hin thc khch quan tc ng vo no v li du vt trn no chnh l hnh nh tm l ca con ngi.[footnoteRef:3] [3: http://www.wattpad.com/1566267-tamly1]

1.3 iu kin c phn nh tm l

Sn phm ca s phn nh l hnh nh tm l trn v no mang tnh tch cc v sinh ng. N khc xa v cht so vi cc hnh nh c hc, vt l, sinh l,Hnh nh tm l mang tnh tch cc bi kt qu ca ln phn nh trc s nh hng trc tip n ln phn nh sau, nh con ngi tch ly c kinh nghim mi c s tn ti v pht trin.V d:Trong mt ln i chi ta quen c mt ngi v c n tng tt v ngi , mt thi gian sau gp li ta bt gp mt hnh ng khng hay ca ngi th thot tin chng ta s khng tin ngi c th hnh ng nh vy v suy ngh nhiu l do bin minh cho hnh ng . Do c th ni, kt qu ca ln phn nh trc s nh hng trc tip n ln phn nh sau. Hnh nh tm l cn mang tnh ch th v m mu sc c nhn.[footnoteRef:4] [4: http://www.dinhpsy.com/2012/12/phan-tich-ban-chat-cua-hien-tuong-tam.html#ixzz3KttJ89m8]

V d:Hai iu tra vin cng tham gia khm nghim hin trng nhng do trnh nhn thc, chuyn mn,khc nhau nn kt qu iu tra khc nhau.1.4 Phn nh tm l l phn nh c bitH thng l th gii khch quan. H thng chu tc ng l b no ca con ngi- th vt cht pht trin ti mc cao. Kt qu ca s tc ng l du vt, hnh nh, bn sao chp v th gii mang tnh sinh ng sng to khc nhau tng ch th.1.5 Tnh ch th trong phn nh tm lCng mt th gii quan, s vt hin tng tc ng n ch th khc nhau cho ta nhng hnh nh tm l vi mc sc thi khc nhau ch th y.Cng mt s vt hin tng tc ng vo ch th nhng vo thi im khc nhau hon cnh khc nhaus c nhng biu hin v sc thi tm l khc nhau ch th y. Chnh ch th mang hnh nh tm l l ngi cm nhn, cm nghim v th hin n r nht. Thng qua mc v sc thi tm l khc nhau m mi ch th t ra thi , hnh vi khc nhau i vi hin thc.[footnoteRef:5] [5: http://www.wattpad.com/1563926-1-tm-l-l-g-bn-cht-tm-l-ca-con-ngi]

2. Phn ng ca con ngi2.1 Khi nimPhn ng c th hiu l mt hnh ng, mt trng thi hay mt qu trnh no c ny sinh ra p li mt tc ng no . Xt v mt x hi, n l cch thc khi u cho s tranh lun v nhng quan im, nhng kin hay vn no , dn n kt qu tch cc hay tiu cc c th nh hng n c nhn ng thi cng tao nn nhiu d lun trong x hi .2.2 Cc yu t tc ng ln nhng phn ng x hi ca con ngi Yu t bn ngoiPhn ng ca con ngi c hnh thnh nh cc hot ng khch quan bn ngoi tc ng n nhn thc,tnh cm ca con ngi, mc ca phn ng y c th gy hu qu tt hay xu ty thuc vo qu trnh nh hng nhng yu t khch quan bn ngoi c mc tt hoc xu n nh th no.Cc hot ng bn ngoi u c lin quan mt thit i vi con ngi v mi mt khc nhau. Nhng mi quan h y u mang nhng quyn li v qua hnh thnh nn nhng suy ngh c th quyt nh nhng hnh vi phn ng tc ng li nhng hot ng bn ngoi y c th l tt hay xu Yu t bn trongCon ngi lun c qu trnh suy ngh v nhn thc r rt, su sc c th iu khin c nhng phn ng ca mnh thng qua nhng hnh vi c th p ng ph hp ng thi gia c nhn vi cc yu t bn ngoi . Bn cnh trong qu trnh hc tp to nn nhng chun mc o c cho bn thn ca mnh lm cho nhng mi tc ng qua li gia c nhn vi bn ngoi c th ph hp vi li ch cho bn thn v c x hi hay khng. Cng chnh v l m mi c nhn mi th hin quan im ca mnh nhm gp , hon thnh nhng mong mun cho bn thn ng thi cng cho ton x hi.2.3 Cc loi phn ng Phn ng ch ngL phn ng xut pht theo mun ca con ngi, nhm mong mun thay i t c nhng nhu cu m c nhn mong mun. Ch th thc hin nhng phn ng y c th iu chnh hnh vi theo mun ca mnh ph hp vi hin thc khch quan. Phn ng b ngL phn ng xut pht khng theo mun ca c nhn, ch th thc hin nhng phn ng y khng th iu chnh hnh vi ca mnh. Nhng phn ng y c c u xut pht t nhng yu t khch quan bn ngoi tc ng c ch ch hay hon ton t nhin2.4 Mi quan h gia phn nh tm l ngi vi phn ngS tc ng ca hin thc khch quan vo no v c lu li to nn hnh nh tm l ca con ngi l tin cho nhng phn ng ca con ngi xut hin tc ng li nhng hnh nh tm l bi nhng hnh nh tm l y lm chi phi n cm xc v nhn thc ca.Tuy nhin s tc ng ca nhng phn ng con ngi n hin thc khch quan cng gp phn lm cho th gii quan tr nn sinh ng mun mu mun v hn gip cho c s ha hp gia con ngi vi th gii quan khin cho vic nhn thc gia con ngi vi hin thc ngy cng su sc v r nt hn, suy cho cng gia phn nh tm l vi phn ng c mi quan h mt thit khng th tch ri, c th ni phn ng l biu hin ca tm l ra bn ngoi, s nh hng ca cc phn nh tm l iu khin mi phn ng, phn nh tm l ngy cng su sc th phn ng cng biu hin tch cc r nt hn.3. K thi ba chung3.1 Khi nim y l mt k thi tuyn sinh H, C c B GD&T t chc din ra vo thng 7 hng nm, sau khi kt thc thi tt nghip. c chi lm ba t thi trong c hai t thi i hc, t cn li s thi tuyn sinh cao ng. Ton th nhng th sinh khi tham d k thi ny u ch lm duy nht mt b thi chung ca B.3.2 Tch ccy l k thi c i mi t nm 2002 tr i, tt c th sinh c thi chung ca b nn kin thc v mc kh ca thi s nh hn so vi cc nm trc khng mang nng kin thc chuyn mn p ng yu cu ring ca tng trng, mt khc th sinh c th em kt qu sau khi thi ca mnh xt tuyn cc trng khc nh vy t l u s cao hn so vi trc y.Nhng nm trc (t nm 2001 tr v trc), mi trng t t chc k thi, di s gim st ca B GD&T. Theo th sinh ng k d thi bao nhiu trng, th phi tri qua by nhiu k thi. iu ny gy nn s tn km rt ln v mt cng mt vic ca rt nhiu cc bc ph huynh, cng nh khng thc s cn thit. T nm 2002 tr i, B GD&T t chc mt k thi duy nht, sau kt qu c p dng sang cc trng m th sinh ng k nguyn vng, th sinh v cc bc ph huynh s tit kim c thi gian cng sc, vic thi c tr nn nh nhm s khin cho cc th sinh cm thy bt p lc hn so vi nm trc.

3.3 Tiu ccK thi ba chung c din ra sau k thi tt nghip THPT, a phn nhng hc sinh cui cp u c nguyn vng hc vo cc trng i hc m mnh thch nn s xy ra tnh trng hc lch v hc t trong vic n thi tt nghip c th gy mu thun gia cc gio vin b mn xut hin nhiu im tiu cc trong thi c. Bn cnh chng trnh hc ca hc sinh khng thay i nhiu ngay khi c k thi ba chung nn vic hc vn cn nng n, kin thc vn cn mang nng tnh l thuyt nn k thi cha nh gi c r rng kh nng p dng nhng kin thc vi nhng vn thc t. Bn cnh ni dung hc tp nng n cng gy ra mt s tiu cc trong thi c.Do th sinh phi ng k nguyn vng trc khi thi nn s c mt s trng hp th sinh chn mt s trng rt m h cha c ph hp vi hc lc ca mnh v vy s gy ra nhiu trng hp th sinh o s nhiu.4. K thi THPT Quc Gia4.1 Hon cnh ra i Sau nhng bt cp v vic tuyn sinh trong k thi ba chung v nhng kin tri chiu t pha gio vin v cc bc ph huynh, t nc vi xu th cng nghip ha hin i ha cho ch thi c trc khng cn tin tin so vi th gii, chiu 9/9/2014, trong cuc hp bo qu III, B GD-T cng b phng n t chc k thi quc gia chung. Nm 2015, B GD&T s t chc k thi quc gia chung thay v tch thi tt nghip v i hc nh trc, nh vy trong mt k thi th sinh c th cng mt lc xt cng nhn tt nghip v xt tuyn vo cc trng i hc. So vi k thi ba chung trc y th k thi THPT Quc Gia c nhng im mi sau y: (1) C cu trc tng t nh thi tuyn sinh tt nghip THPT v thi tuyn sinh vo i hc, Cao ng nm 2014.- Bm st chng trnh THPT, ch yu lp 12.- thi c 2 phn t d n kh (phn kim tra kin thc c bn dng xt tt nghip THPT v phn nng cao sng lc th sinh trong tuyn sinh vo cc trng H, C) v tng bc tng cng nh gi nng lc x l cc vn thc t ca hc sinh.- thi s m bo c 4 mc nhn bit, thng hiu, vn dng, vn dng cao, va p ng yu cu c bn cho hu ht th sinh v yu cu nng cao nhm phn ha trnh hc sinh phc v cng tc tuyn sinh vo cc trng H, C.- thi i hi hc sinh vn dng kin thc tng hp, lin mn lm bi, gii quyt cc vn lin quan n thc tin cuc sng.- thi cc mn khoa hc x hi v nhn vn nh Ng vn, Lch s, a l c ra theo hng m khc phc tnh trng bt hc sinh hc thuc lng, ng thi huy ng kin thc tng hp, lin mn v vn sng ca hc sinh vo vic lm bi (chng hn, trong thi Ng vn c kin thc v Lch s, a l, Gio dc cng dn...);- Cng tc thi tip tc c i mi theo hng nh gi nng lc ngi hc, tng dn cc cu hi mc vn dng, cc cu hi m. Cng vi qu trnh chuyn mnh vic dy v hc t ch yu truyn th kin thc sang ch trng hnh thnh phm cht, nng lc ca hc sinh, thi s tng dn yu cu vn dng kin thc tng hp, lin mn t d n kh.(2) Ch cn mt k thi quc gia duy nhtTheo quyt nh ca B GD-T th nm 2015, hc sinh hc ht chng trnh THPT s khng c 2 k thi ring r xt tt nghip THPT v tuyn sinh H&C m ch phi tham gia 1 k thi quc gia duy nht. Kt qu thi ca th sinh s c s dng xt tt nghip THPT v l mt cn c quan trng cc trng H&C tuyn sinh.K thi THPT quc gia hng nm c t chc vo trung tun thng 6. Trong nm 2015, k thi c t chc trong t th 3 n th 6 cc ngy 9, 10, 11 v 12 thng 6/2015(3) Th sinh phi thi 4 mn ti thiu khng cn khi thi H B GD&T quyt nh l mi th sinh phi d thi 4 mn (gi l cc mn thi ti thiu) gm 3 mn bt buc l Ton, Ng vn, Ngoi ng v 1 mn do th sinh t chn trong s cc mn: Vt l, Ha hc, Sinh hc, Lch s v a l.Kt qu ca 4 mn thi ti thiu c s dng xt cng nhn tt nghip v cng c s dng ng k xt tuyn vo cc trng H, C c cc mn thi ph hp vi ngnh o to. Ngoi 4 mn thi ni trn, th sinh c quyn ng k thi thm cc mn thi cn li ca K thi s dng cho vic ng k tuyn sinh H, C theo yu cu ca cc ngnh o to do tng trng H, C quy nh trong n tuyn sinh ca trng. Nh vy s khng cn khi thi truyn thng nh trc y tuy nhin cc trng H, C vn phi duy tr t hp cc mn xt vo i hc nh nm 2014. Th sinh cng c nhiu hn c hi tuyn sinh vo cc ngnh, trng khc nhau ty thuc vo s lng mn thi th sinh la chn.Vi nhng hc sinh, hc vin khng c hc mn Ngoi ng hoc hc trong iu kin khng m bo cht lng dy v hc th khng bt buc phi thi mn Ngoi ng, th sinh t chn mn thay th trong s cc mn Vt l, Ha hc, Sinh hc, Lch s v a l.(4) Ngoi ng thi trc nghim ton b khng cn cu hi vit t lun nh 2014c bit, trong k thi chung 2015, mn Ngoi ng c kh nhiu im mi. C th, thi mn Ngoi ng nm 2015 s quay tr li cu trc nh c vi hnh thc trc nghim (thi gian 90 pht) m khng cn cu hi vit lun nh 2014.Ngoi ng l mn thi bt buc, th sinh phi thi mt trong cc th ting: Ting Anh, Ting Nga, Ting Php, Ting Trung, Ting c, Ting Nht. Nhng hc sinh THPT v hc vin gio dc thng xuyn khng c hc mn Ngoi ng hoc hc trong iu kin khng m bo cht lng dy v hc th khng bt buc phi thi mn ny. Th sinh c chn mn thi thay th trong s cc mn Vt l, Ha hc, Sinh hc, Lch s, a l.Trong k thi chung quc gia, nhng th sinh no c chng ch ngoi ng quc t (TOEFL, IELTS,...) c min thi tt nghip mn ny, cn cc chng ch khc s c nu r trong quy ch B GD&T s ban hnh trong thi gian ti.(5) ng k tuyn sinh vo cc ngnh, trng sau khi thiim khc bit k thi nm ti l th sinh s khng phi ng k tuyn sinh vo cc ngnh o to, cc trng trc khi din ra k thi. Sau khi tham gia k thi quc gia v c kt qu thi, th sinh cn c vo yu cu ca cc trng, cc ngnh o to ( cng b trn website ca cc trng) v kt qu thi ca mnh ng k d tuyn vo a ch ph hp. Vic ny s trnh cho th sinh phi chu ri ro cao, khng b st nhng th sinh c kt qu im thi tt nhng ng k vo ngnh qu sc ca mnh.(6) C hai loi cm thi, ging vin i hc coi v chm thi. m bo tnh nghim tc, tnh chnh xc, khch quan v tin cy ca kt qu thi s b tr t chc coi thi, chm thi theo cc cm thi tp trung. Cng tc coi thi, chm thi s c s tham gia ca cn b, ging vin cc trng H, C cng vi gio vin cc trng THPT.Cc th sinh d thi ch xt cng nhn tt nghip THPT, khng tham gia xt tuyn vo cc trng H, C c s dng kt qu ca k thi tuyn sinh, s d thi ti cc cm thi ti a phng do cc S GD&T ch tr, phi hp vi cc trng H, C. Cc th sinh d thi xt tt nghip v s dng kt qu vo tuyn sinh H, C th s d thi ti cc cm thi cc trng H do cc trng H, C ch tr, phi hp vi cc s GD&T.Cc cm thi dnh cho th sinh c nguyn vng tuyn sinh H-C s c t chc nh cc cm thi ca k thi tuyn sinh H,C Ba chung trc y.Nhng th sinh d thi ti cm thi a phng tuy khng c s dng kt qu ca k thi quc gia xt tuyn H-C nhng vn c th c php tham d cc k thi tuyn sinh H-C ca cc trng c phng n tuyn sinh ring. Cng tc coi thi, chm thi s c s tham gia ca cn b, ging vin cc trng H, C cng vi gio vin cc trng THPT.Cc th sinh d thi ch xt cng nhn tt nghip THPT, khng tham gia xt tuyn vo cc trng H, C c s dng kt qu ca K thi tuyn sinh, s d thi ti cc Cm thi ti a phng do cc S GD& T ch tr, phi hp vi cc trng H, C; cn vi cc th sinh d thi xt tt nghip v s dng kt qu vo tuyn sinh H, C th s d thi ti cc Cm thi cc trng H (tng t nh cc Cm thi H nm 2014) do cc trng H ch tr, phi hp vi cc s GD& T.Ring hai thnh ph ln l H Ni, TP.HCM d kin c th hnh thnh nhiu cm thi bo m p ng nhu cu ca lng ln th sinh c nguyn vng thi vo cc trng H.(6) Cc trng vn phi gi t hp cc mn m nm trc xt tuyn vo trng bn cnh phng n tuyn sinh miCc trng i hc s cng b phng thc xt tuyn da vo kt qu k thi quc gia (cng b mn thi s dng xt tuyn vo tng ngnh). Nu mt trng i hc nhng nm trc tuyn sinh khi A th nm nay bn cnh vic c th s dng cc t hp mn khc xt tuyn, trng vn phi s dng t hp ba mn c v d nm trc khi A l ton, l, ha xt tuyn.(7) im sn mn thay cho im sn khi B GD&T vn gi quy nh v ngng ti thiu cc trng lm cn c xt tuyn. Tuy nhin, thay v ngng ti thiu (im sn) vi tng khi thi nh trc y th b li t ra ngng ti thiu vi tng mn thi. iu khin nhiu trng, c bit l cc trng tp di lo ngi l trong phng n t chc k thi THPT quc gia khng tuyn .Bi ton t ra vi B GD&T l nu t ra ngng tng mn qu thp th d lun s nh gi tiu ch xt tuyn bt thng, cn t mc cao hn th s gy kh cho nhiu trng trong xt tuyn. B lng trc nhng kh khn ny, nhng nu bung iu kin ti thiu s khng th m bo cht lng nu mt s trng c vt vt tuyn sinh bng mi gi. ng l vi khi thi th im s cc mn c th b tr cho nhau, min l th sinh t ngng im sn m b quy nh chung cho tng im ba mn. Nhng vi vic t ngng cho tng mn thi nm 2015, b s khng n nh im s c th m cn c trn t l th sinh t c mc im s nht nh - ng Ga ni(8) Mi th sinh c 06 nguyn vng ph thuc vo iu kin do cc trng quy nh Vic ng k xt tuyn vo H, C nm 2015 d kin mi th sinh s c mt phiu ng k xt tuyn, c ng k ti a 6 nguyn vng, xp th t u tin t 1 n 6. Trong thi hn 20 ngy k t khi cng b kt qu thi v kt qu xt tt nghip THPT, th sinh s np h s ng k xt tuyn cho trng th sinh ng k nguyn vng c th t u tin cao nht. Sau khi c kt qu xt tuyn vng u tin, cc trng i hc c B Gio dc v o to giao ch tr t chc thi in Phiu chng nhn kt qu thi cho cc th sinh cha trng tuyn vng xt tuyn u tin. Mi th sinh s c 3 Phiu chng nhn kt qu thi c ng du ca trng t chc thi xt tuyn nguyn vng b sung.[footnoteRef:6] [6: http://tin.tuyensinh247.com/nhung-diem-moi-ky-thi-thpt-quoc-gia-2015-c24a18964.html#ixzz3KzyVEeGx ]

4.2 Nhng im chnh quan trng v phn ng ca hc sinh trong thi cThi c vn l cng c cn thit ca gio dc nhm nh gi, tuyn chn nhng ngi ti cho t nc. Vit Nam, thi c lun c quan tm bi n l yu t c bn ca gio dc, quyt nh n kt qu cho nn gio dc ca nc ta, c th n to c s cho rt nhiu tiu ch nh gi cht lng hc sinh thng qua vic thi c ny. H thng thi c ca Vit Nam, t thi phong kin khi cho n nay khng ngng thay i v hon thin sao cho ph hp vi xu th ca thi i, s pht trin ca x hi qua tng giai on v hi nhp ca t nc. Cng gn y nht vic thay i h thng thi c ca nc ta vi tn gi k thi THPT Quc Gia c coi l bc tin quan trng nht, gp phn ph hp vi xu th cng nghip ha hin i ha t nc.Th nhng s thay i ln ny gy ra rt nhiu kin tri chiu khc nhau, su xa nht ch yu l phn ng ca hc sinh trc s thay i ca k thi ny. Trc y hc sinh lun chun b sn tm l cho hai k thi, phi chu s p lc rt nhiu t vic hc hnh, gnh nng phi thi u bi n quyt inh n kt qu su 12 nm n sch ca hc sinh ng thi cng nh hng n tng lai ca hc sinh sau ny. Chnh v mi lo toan bn b trong hc tp ny cng vi vic thay i quy ch ca k thi y khin hc sinh khng khi thc mc v lo lng liu c cn phi thay i vic n thi vn nng n trong thi gian ngn khng. Mi hc sinh lun c mc phn ng khc nhau v trn ht vn l v kt qu v quyn li ca mnh. Tch ccHc sinh c th chn c nhiu khi thi, mn thi m mnh yu thch, mn thi c t li. Khng phi thi nhiu mn khng phc cho thi i hc nh my nm trc nh vy hc sinh s c nhiu thi gian tp trung cho khi thi nhiu hn nh vy k thi trn p ng ph hp vi nng lc v nguyn vng ca hc sinh. V thi xong hc sinh bit c im trc ng k nguyn vng, s ln ng k nguyn vng nhiu hn so vi trc y nn t l u i hc s tng so vi my nm trc,hc sinh c th chn trng ng nguyn vng ca mnh.K thi tuyn sinh THPT Quc Gia c t chc mt ln, hc sinh c th thi cc cm thi ti a phng mnh sinh sng c B GD&T quy nh nn s tit kim c chi ph i li mt thi gian cng sc cho ph huynh hc sinh trong vic a con em i thi. Tiu ccVic gp hai k thi thnh mt k thi duy nht t hn thi s c s thay i v mc kh d ca thi s gy ra tm l hoang mang lo lng. Vic thay i nhanh thi gian thi khin cho hc sinh phi hc mt cch gp rt, s thay i cn bn bt ng khin hc sinh cha c kinh nghim thch nghi nn cng lo lng hn.Ni dung thi v quy ch thi cha r rng do thay i lin tc gy nhiu bi ri v thi c ca hc sinh. Nhng suy ngh trn nh hng n phng php v k hoch hc tp ca hc sinh.+ Hc kin thc mi khng qun kin thc c+ Tp trung cao nhng mn chn thi nhng ginh thi gian th gin + Hc nhm, hc thm gia s nhng ch yu ci chnh vn l t hc4.3 kin ca gio vin v ph huynh hc sinhTrc nhng thay i ca k thi t nm 2015, c ph huynh li t ra kh lo lng trc nhng vn k thut ca k thi nh vic xt tuyn ca cc trng, t chc cc cm thi Ngoi ra, nhiu ph huynh lo lng trc vic s xy ra tnh trng tiu cc lm im s p.ng Nguyn Vn Trnh (Kim M H Ni) cho bit: Nm 2015, con gi ng s tham gia k thi, ng kh bn khon vic ly kt qu thi tt nghip lm cn c xt tuyn i hc cao ng nu khng lm nghim tc, cht ch s xy ra tnh trng lm im s p, gy thit thi cho nhng hc sinh khc. Tuy nhin, nhiu ph huynh t ra nh nhm khi con ci khng phi vt v thi 2 ln nh trc. Mt s ph huynh cho bit phng n thi chung nh vy s c li cho hc sinh, c bit l vic gim thiu may ri khi hc sinh c thi trc ri mi ng k tuyn sinh.Hai k thi ghp thnh mt k thi quc gia cng ng ngha vi vic cng tc n tp cho hc sinh s c nhiu thay i, c gio V Ngc Tuyt gio vin dy Vn lp 12 (Trng Trung hc ph thng Lng Th Vinh, H Ni) cho bit: Vic pht huy tnh tch cc cho hc sinh c gio vin p dng t kh lu. Do vy cng khng qu lo lng, tuy nhin sau khi c quyt nh v phng n thi th gio vin v hc sinh phi c phng n n tp tch cc hn. c bit, trong phn n tp s dy tch cc hn, khng ch m bo tt nghip m cn p ng vic vo cc trng i hc.C Trng Th Bch Thy (Hiu trng trng Trung hc ph thng Trng Vng Thnh ph H Ch Minh) cho bit: Phng n c la chn khng nm trong 3 phng n c nhng l phng n hp l, ti u. Vn cn li l tuyn sinh i hc, nhiu ngi ang bn khon xem cc trng s la chn xt im theo khi hay theo mn. Hin nay, hc sinh ang c xu hng hc theo khi nhng nu phng n cho php la chn im xt tuyn theo mn thi th s tt hn cho hc sinh. Do thi gian thc hin ngay trong nm nay kh gp nhng nu c l trnh ph hp th hc sinh v ph huynh an tm hn.D cn khng t kin khc nhau v phng n thi ni trn, tuy nhin, vic thng nht mt k thi quc gia c xem l n lc ng k ca B GD&T. Vn cn li l vic cc n v trc thuc chun b v thc hin nh th no t c mc tiu cui cng l i mi nng cao cht lng gio dc[footnoteRef:7]. [7: http://baotintuc.vn/giao-duc/y-kien-phu-huynh-hoc-sinh-ve-ky-thi-quoc-gia-20140911171025168.htm]

1. Thp nhu cu ca MaslowNhu cu l mt phn quan trng trong bn cht ca con ngi. Mi gi tr, nim tin v tp tc ca con ngi l khc bit tu theo tng quc gia hay tng nhm ngi, tuy nhin tt c mi ngi c nhng nhu cu chung ging nhau.Vo nm 1954, Abraham Maslow a ra a ra quan im v nhu cu ca con ngi v nhu cu ny c sp xp theo cc th bc khc nhau. Hc thuyt ca ng c da trn nhng con ngi kho mnh, sng to, nhng ngi s dng tt c ti nng, tim nng v nng lc trong cng vic. Vo thi im , phng php ny khc bit vi cc cng trnh nghin cu tm l con ngi khc c da trn vic quan st con ngi b chi phi bi cc phin mun l ch yu.C hai nhm nhu cu chnh ca con ngi:Nhu cu c bn(basic needs) vNhu cu bc cao(meta needs).Nhu cu c bnlin quan n cc yu t th l nh thc n, nc ung, ng ngh v cc yu t tm l nh cm xc, cm gic an ton, lng t tn. Nhng nhu cu c bn ny cng c gi l ccnhu cu thiu ht(deficiency needs) v nu con ngi khng c nhng nhu cu ny, h s u tranh c c n, b p bng c s thiu ht.Cc nhu cu cao hn c gi l nhu cu bc cao haynhu cu hin hnh(nhu cu pht trin). Nhng nhu cu ny bao gm s cng bng, lng tt, v p, th bc, s ng lng nht tr, v.v Cc nhu cu c bn thng thng bao gi cng c u tin hn nhng nhu cu pht trin ny. V d, mt ngi nu thiu thc n hay nc ung s khng quan tm n cc nhu cu v s cng bng hay v p.Nhng nhu cu con ngi c lit k theo mt trt t th bc hnh thp. Nhng nhu cu c bn pha y thp nhu cu (t 1-2) phi c tho mn trc khi ngh n cc nhu cu cao hn. Bn nhu cu bc cao (t 3-5) c th c tho mn khng theo trnh t, tu tng trng hp nht nh trong tng hon cnh hay mong mun khc nhau ca con ngi, min l tt c cc nhu cu c bn di c p ng y .Theo ng hnh vi con ngi ph thuc vo cc ng c bn trong, ng c bn trong c hnh thnh t nhng nhu cu ca con ngi. Maslow cho rng hnh vi ca con ngi bt ngun t nhu cu v nhng nhu cu ca con ngi c sp xp theo mt th t u tin t thp ti cao. Theo tm quan trng, cp bc nhu cu c sp xp thnh nm bc sau:

Hnh 1:Thp nhu cu ca Maslow

(1) Nhu cu c bn hay nhu cu sinh hc: l nhng nhu cu m bo cho con ngi tn ti nh: n, ung, mc, tn ti v pht trin ni ging v cc nhu cu ca c th khc.(2) Nhu cu v an ninh v an ton: l cc nhu cu nh n , sinh sng an ton, khng b e a, an ninh, chun mc, lut l...(3) Nhu cu x hi hay nhu cu lin kt v chp nhn: l cc nhu cu v tnh yu c chp nhn, bn b, x hi...(4) Nhu cu c tn trng: l cc nhu cu v t trng, tn trng ngi khc, c ngi khc tn trng, a v ...(5) Nhu cu t th hin hay t thn vn ng: l cc nhu cu nh chn, thin, m, t ch, sng to, hi hc...Maslow cho rng con ngi mun v lun u tranh tho mn nhng nhu cu khc nhau. Xut pht t vic nhng mc nhu cu bc thp bao gi cng cp thit v quan trng hn, nn chng s ng vai tr nh ngun v nh hng ca mt mc tiu c nhn nu nhng nhu cu ny khng c tho mn.Sau khi nhng nhu cu bc thp c tho mn, nhng nhu cu cao hn s l ng c hnh ng. Nhng nhu cu cha c tha mn bc di s ln t nhng nhu cu cha c tha mn bc cao hn, v chng cn c tha mn trc khi mt c nhn tin ln cc bc cao hn ca thp nhu cu[footnoteRef:8]. [8: Theo: http://reds.vn/index.php/tri-thuc/tam-ly-hoc/223-thap-nhu-cau-maslow]

Trong thp nhu cu ca Maslow hc tp ca con ngi thuc v nhu cu x hi. Hc tp phn u hon thin bn thn v em li kin thc p dng vo thc tin. Nhu cu nhn thc hiu bit l c s ng lc cho con ngi phn u hc tp ngy mt tt hn cng nh lin kt vi mi ngi xung quanh v c mi ngi chp nhn n mt lc no s c tn trng. K thi THPT l mt trong nhng bc nh du trong qu trnh u tranh tha mn nhu cu v x hi. Kt thc 12 nm ngi trn gh nh trng cc bn hc sinh ang ng trc nhiu s la chn c th l tt nghip, thi i hc nhn c bng cp tch ly kin thc c s cho ngnh ngh mnh la chn sau ny hoc la chn hc ngh, i lm kim tin ... nhng c l mc ch cui cng l t c mt cng vic n nh kim tin nui sng bn thn v gia nh mnh. Nhng thay i v k thi THPT cng tc ng trc tip n cc bn hc sinh. Cc bn s c nhng phn ng khc nhau v s thay i ny c th l tch cc hoc tiu cc trong suy ngh hnh ng trong qu trnh hc tp. Kho st v phn ng ca cc bn hc sinh trc s thay i ca k thi THPT gp phn no tm ra gii php gip cc bn hc tp tt hn chun b cho k thi sp ti.Chng 2: Bo co kt qu nghin cu

Do hn ch v mt thi gian, phm vi v iu kin ti chnh khng cho php, nhm ch xin kho st ti trng THPT Nguyn Hu Hun, phng Bnh Th, qun Th c vi hnh thc l kho st bng bng hi (xem trong phn ph lc ) vi s lng 300 phiu, i tng ca nhm l hc sinh lp 12 cc cp v thu c cc kt qu nht nh, trong 300 phiu kho st nhm tin hc sn lc, gi li c 228 c kt qu ng tin cy. Nhm tin hnh nhp d liu vo phn mm thng k SPSS v c c cc kt qu nh sau :1. a ra cc gi thuyt

Thnh tch hc tpTng cng

YuTrung bnhKhGii

Gii tnhNam125512299

N0218028129

Tng cng14613150228

Bng 1: Thnh tch hc tp ca hc sinh

Theo thng k 228 phiu hp l t l hc sinh kh, gii chim t trng kh nhiu (51,52 % t l hc sinh kh; 22,22 % t l hc sinh gii i vi nam. 62,02 % t l hc sinh kh v 21,71 % t l hc sinh gii i vi gii tnh n. Qua ta thy mt bng chung hc sinh hc kh tt, trong qu trnh hc hc sinh ch nghe ging bi, tip thu tt, cc em hc sinh chm hc bi lm bi tp vn dng cng c kin thc, tch ly kin thc vn dng vo bi kim tra, t trang b cho mnh nhng kin thc c bn v nng cao t c nn tng kin thc tt nn s t tin hn trong k thi THPT sp ti v t kt qu tt nht.Trong k thi THPT sp ti hnh thc thi c s thay i nhiu nh hc sinh ch chn thi tt nghip hay chn c thi tt nghip v i hc, cao ng. Bn cnh cu trc thi cng khc so vi cc nm trc phn thnh nhiu cp bc nhn bit, hiu, vn dng v vn dng cao nhng cc em hc sinh vn tham gia thi xt tuyn vo cc trng i hc, cao ng m khng dng li thi tt nghip. Cc em hc sinh vn kin tr thc hin v i n mc tiu mnh t ra d cho c nhng yu t bn ngoi tc ng. Trong tng s 228 phiu c ti 227 phiu c hi tr li rng mnh c tham d k thi tuyn sinh i hc. (xem bng 2 phn ph lc)Nhn chung y l trng c mt bng hc tp rt tt, t l hc sinh kh, gii chim t l rt cao. iu ny lm nhm t ra cc gi thuyt nh sau : Th nht, thnh tch hc tp chung ca hc sinh rt tt, s tch ly kin thc chun b cho k thi l rt chu o, hc sinh chc chn c nh trng ph bin rt r nhng quy nh ca k thi THPT Quc gia 2015 ngay t khi B c quyt nh thay i. Nhng iu d on hc sinh s t phn ng, khng c nhiu s thay i trong k hoch hc tp i vi s thay i k thi 2015 so vi k thi 3 chung. K thi THPT quc gia c nhiu nt tng ng vi k thi 3 chung, hc sinh ngay t khi cha c quyt nh thay i tch ly kin thc chun b cho k thi tt nghip v tuyn sinh, v vy s thay i ny khng gy nhiu hoang mang, hay to tm l s hi cho hc sinh. Vi s i mi hnh thc thi ca k thi THPT quc gia, ngoi nhng mn bt buc cc em cn phi chn nhng mn t chn thi nn cc em hc sinh hc tt mn no s chn mn trong mn t chn s thi lm r cc gi thuyt ny, nhm s phn tch qu trnh hc tp ca hc sinh trc v sau c s thay i t nu ln nhng mi lin h, nhng so snh, nhn xt mang tnh ch quan gia hai giai on kim nh mc ng sai cc gi thuyt t ra.

2. Phn tch, so snh, nhn xt2.1 Mn hc tt, khi thi v vic chn mn t chnMi hc sinh cp ba, c bit l nhng hc sinh cui cp u xc nh mnh s thi xt tuyn vo cc trng i hc, cao ng vi khi thi no. Qua kho st, thy c hc sinh ch yu s thi khi A, A1, B, DKt qu

S lngT l

Khi thiA19627,4%

A8724,9%

B5415,4%

C92,6%

D8825,1%

Khc 164,6%

Tng cng350100,0%

Bng 3: Khi thi hc sinh s thi tuyn sinh trc khi bit s thay i ca k thi THPT

Kt qu

S lngT l

Mn hc tt Ton14724,50%

L10617,60%

Ha9415,60%

Sinh325,30%

Vn7212,00%

NN9616,00%

a244,00%

S223,70%

Khc81,30%

Tng cng601100,00%

Bng 4: Mn hc tt ca hc sinh

Bng trn cho thy cc em hc sinh hc tt ch yu cc mn nh Ton (24,5%), L (17,6%), Ha (15,6%), Vn (12%), Anh vn (16%), nhng mn cn li chim t l thp hn. T nhng kt qu trn mi lin h gia mn hc tt v khi thi hc sinh la chn c lin quan vi nhau, a s hc sinh hc tt mn no s la chn khi thi c mn mnh hc tt thi, gi y vi s thay i ca k thi THPT Quc gia khng cn hnh thc thi theo khi na m thay vo l thi nhng mn bt buc v hc sinh c la chn mn thi t chn m mnh yu thch, liu mn thi t chn c phi l nhng mn hc sinh hc tt hay khng? N c ging vi vic chn khi thi ca k thi 3 chung khng? y l vn ny nhm s tin hnh lm r sau y:Mn hc tta

TonLHaSinhVnNNaS

mn tu chnaHaCount72457724132594

% of Total32,00%20,00%34,20%10,70%5,80%11,10%4,00%1,80%

SinhCount241027153432

% of Total10,70%4,40%12,00%6,70%1,30%1,80%1,30%0,90%

LCount10793611644741012

% of Total47,60%41,30%27,10%7,10%19,60%32,90%4,40%5,30%

SCount411110266

% of Total1,80%0,40%0,40%0,40%4,40%0,90%2,70%2,70%

iaCount72221711117

% of Total3,10%0,90%0,90%0,90%7,60%4,90%4,90%3,10%

Cha xc nhCount65327421

% of Total2,70%2,20%1,30%0,90%3,10%1,80%0,90%0,40%

TotalCount147106943272962422

% of Total65,30%47,10%41,80%14,20%32,00%42,70%10,70%9,80%

Bng 5: Mi quan h gia mn hc tt v chn mn t chn

Vi nhng hc sinh hc tt mn l th t l chn mn l lm mn thi t chn ca mnh l cao nht (41,3 %), hc sinh hc tt mn ha th t l la chn mn ha thi l rt cao (34,2 %), tng t i vi vic la chn cc mn cn li.R rng mn hc tt nh hng rt nhiu n s la chn mn thi t chn ca hc sinh, hc sinh hc tt mn no th t l la chn mn thi t chn mn rt cao (ngoi tr nhng mn hc tt l nhng mn hc sinh bt buc phi thi). iu khng khc so vi vic la chn khi thi. thi trong k thi THPT quc gia nm 2015 s c nh dng tng t thi tt nghip THPT v tuyn sinh H, C nm 2014. Ni dung thi nm trong chng trnh THPT, ch yu lp 12. V vy thay i gy t bt ng cho hc sinh THPT, thay v trc kia phi au u la chn khi thi th gi y ch cn n gin thy mn no mnh c nng khiu hc tt th ng k thi mn t chn. Vic ny thm ch cn to li th cho hc sinh ang phn vn gia cc khi thi, c th thy y l mt mt tch cc ca s thay i k thi. T c th ni kha cnh ny khng gy nhiu bt ng cho hc sinh, phn ng ca hc sinh v vy cng khng c g thay i, khng c tm l s hi, hoang mang trong hc sinh2.2 Thi gian t hc, thi gian dnh cho mn t hc

FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent

Valid< 3 tieng13257,958,758,7

3-5 tieng7633,333,892,4

> 5 tieng177,57,6100,0

Total22598,7100,0

MissingSystem31,3

Total228100,0

Bng 6: Thi gian t hc ca hoc sinh

Thi gian t hc ca cc em hc sinh tp trung tng nhiu < 3 ting/ngy chim 57,9%, 3-5 ting/ngy l 33,3%. Cc em hc sinh thc c rng mc quan trng ca vic t mnh s quyt nh con ng tng lai ca mnh s nh th no nn cng rt c gng. Thi gian cui cp bi v trn trng cng kh nhiu, thi gian cc em hc ngoi kha cng chim kh ln v vy vi thi gian t hc nh trn cc em cng rt c gn u t cho vic hc ca mnh mt cch tt nht.Ging nh nhng nm trc nm 2014 vn chia lm hai k thi tt nghip v THPT, cc em nh thit lp suy ngh hc tht tt thi tt nghip sau cn mt thng s dnh khong thi gian ny cng c li nhng kin thc cn thit, nhng g hc bc vo k thi xt tuyn cc trng i hc, cao ng. Nhng nm 2015, B GD&T li a ra quyt nh thi mi gp c hai k thi tt nghip v xt tuyn vo cc trng i hc, cao ng thnh k thi THPT quc gia, ch thi mt ln cho c hai. Mc d vic i mi ny s gim chi ph tn km v thi gian, tin bc song, gim thiu vic nhng em thi im cao m vn trc i hc nhng n cn rt mi m v b ng cho cc em hc sinh l ngi thc hin u tin. Vic quen vi quy c c t lu vi vic tip nhn nhng ci mi s lm cho cc em hoang mang, lo lng bn cnh c th hiu khng c th vic i mi ny l s nh th no, bc u s khng thng sut cm thy kh chu, khng hong tinh thn khng bit ri kt qu s nh th no. Thi gian t hc nh vy tr thnh thi quen ca hc sinh, liu vi s thay i ny th thi gian t hc ca cc em c mc bin ng nh th no p ng cho k thi THPT Quc gia.

FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent

ValidC4017,517,817,8

Khng18581,182,2100,0

Total22598,7100,0

MissingSystem31,3

Total228100,0

Bng 7: Bng th hin vic thay i thi gian t hc ca hc sinh

Ch c 17,78 % t l hc sinh thay i thi gian hc tp ca mnh ( ch yu l tng thi gian hc tp ) iu ny t nhiu nh hng n thi hc tp ca hc sinh, tuy nhin theo a s 82,23 % khng thay i thi quen gi gic ca mnh, tuy c nh hng nhng nh hng ny khng mnh phn ng hc sinh thay i gi gic hc tp ca mnh, kha cnh ny mt ln na khng nh hc sinh sn sng cho k thi.Khuyt im ln nht ca k thi 3 chung nh ni trn l hc sinh ngy cng c khuynh hng hc lnh, ch hc nhng mn phc v nhu cu bc chn vo cnh cng i hc ca mnh. Responses

NPercent

Thi gian dnh cho mn t hcaTon18028,2%

L13621,3%

Ha10115,8%

Sinh345,3%

Vn589,1%

NN10015,6%

a101,6%

S81,3%

Khc121,9%

Total639100,0%

Bng 8: Thi gian dnh cho mn t hc

So vi mn hc tt v khi thi kho st, so snh, i chiu nhm rt ra nhn xt rng hc sinh hc tt nhng mn no s la chn khi thi c mn v dnh nhiu thi gian vo mn hc m sao lng nhng mn hc khc gy ra tnh trng hc lch v lan truyn rt nhanh to thnh mt c im ring bit ca hc sinh cui cp. Vi s i mi ca k thi v kt qu kho st c th ni tnh trng ny cha ci thin c bao nhiu, bi cc em dnh thi gian t hc ca minh hc hc nhng mn no th s chn mn t chn tnh trng hc lch vn din ra nh c khng thy c s thay i (xem bng 9 phn ph lc), c th l phi cn nhiu thi gian kim chng s thay i ca vic ny. Ngoi nhng mn bt buc hc sinh phi dnh nhiu thi gian t hc th thi gian t hc ca mnh hc sinh ch ch n mn t chn cng chng khc g nhiu so vi nhng k thi trc. y l mt kha cnh na chng t hc sinh cui cp khng c nhiu thay i vi s i mi ny.

2.3 Hnh thc hc ngoi kha

Hnh 2: Biu th hin cc hnh thc hc ngoi kha ca hc sinh

Qua kho st, hu nh ngoi gi hc trn lp hc sinh no cng s tham gia cc hnh thc hc khc nhau nng cao kin thc, s hiu bit ca mnh nh hc thm nh thy c, trung tm, hc gia s ti nh, tham gia hc nhm vi bn b. Biu phn nh ng cch hc truyn thng ca hc sinh chng ta ni chung v hc sinh THPT ni ring, cng v cui k thi th hc sinh cng tng cng cc hnh thc hc ngoi kha, cc em hc sinh cam thy rng i hc nhiu ni vi nhiu hnh thc khc ngoi hc trn trng v t hc th s tng thm s hiu bit, t tin hn cho k thi sp ti. Chng trnh bc THPT nng, thi lng hc chnh kha khng , p lc tt nghip THPT v vo i hc, hc sinh thiu t gic hc tp, l thc t v l do m cc em hc sinh tm n con ng hc thm nh gii php duy nht cho con ng i hc ca mnh.

FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percent

ValidCo135,75,85,8

Khong21192,593,899,6

31,4,4100,0

Total22598,7100,0

MissingSystem31,3

Total228100,0

Bng 10: Bng th hin thay i hnh thc hc ngoi kha so vi trc y

K thi THPT Quc gia s din ra sm hn khong mt thng, kt qu ly cho hai k thi nhung qu thi gian c hn ch c s t thay i hnh thc hc ngoi kha nh trc kia ch hc gia s th by gi hc gia s vi hc thm, hoc trc kia hc nhm th by gi hc thm. Nhng phn ln l khng thay i hnh thc hc ngoi kha, tuy l hoang mang, lo lng nhng cc em vn khng c s thay i nhiu v k hoch hc tp ca mnh, vn qu thi gian t hc , vn hnh thc hc ngoi kha , by gi cc em hc sinh ch cn s dng hiu qu thi gian ca mnh cn bng gia vic hc v chi sao cho t kt qu tt nht, khng nn qu cng thng gy ra nhiu p lc s khng tip thu tt bi hc v khng mang li kt qu cao. Tm li a s cc hc sinh u gi nguyn k hoch hc tp ban u ca mnh, khng c s thay i nhiu quan trng cc em vn c hc bnh thng, hc tt chng trnh hc ca mnh, ginh thi gian t hc ca mnh c nhiu sch gio khoa, sch hng dn cng c kin thc ca mnh, bit thm nhng dng bi tp mi, tm ra nhng phng php gii bi tp mi thi t kt qu tt nht.2.4 kin ca hc sinh v vic thay i k thiNhm tin hnh kho st v tng hp nhng kin ca cc em t nu ln nhng nh gi v nhn xt mang tnh ch quan ca mnh, nhn chung kin ca cc em xoay quanh nhng vn sau :

Tch cc + Hc sinh c quyn la chn mn thi t chn ca mnh bn cnh nhng mn thi bc buc. To ra tm l thoi mi cho hc sinh, cc em c th la chn mn mnh cm thy hc tt ng k d thi, c th iu ny lm cho hc sinh cm thy t tin hn hon thnh tt k thi sp ti.+ Tch hp hai k thi lm mt thay v trc kia thi hai k thi l k thi tt nghip THPT v k thi tuyn sinh i hc, cao ng th gi y vy em ch cn thi mt k thi THPT Quc gia , iu ny gip cc em t ch hn v mt thi gian v p lc hc tp dnh cho cc em cng gim i mt cch ng k hy vng iu ny s gip cc em t nhng c nhng thnh tch cao trong k thi sp ti.+ Hc sinh ch ng hn trong vic chn trng, hc sinh bit c im trc ng k nguyn vng ca mnh, c ti a 6 nguyn vng nn cnh ca vo i hc ca cc em rt rng m d kin t l u i hc nm nay s cao hn so vi cc nm trc.+ Hc sinh c th thi cc cm thi ti a phng mnh sinh sng c B GD&T quy nh nn s tit kim c chi ph i li mt thi gian cng sc cho ph huynh hc sinh trong vic a con em i thi, a phng s ch ng hn trong cng tc qun l, gim st v t chc coi thi. ng thi B GD&T cng gim c chi ph t chc cho sinh vin thi theo tng cm ring bit nh nhng nm trc.+ thi c kh nng phn loi cao nhng vn nm trong chng trnh hc ph hp vi hc sinh mi cp , gim thiu cho hc sinh ghi nh nhiu c bit l nhng hc sinh thuc khi x hi.

Tiu cc + thi thun li cho hc sinh khi ny nhng cng gy khng t kh khn cho hc sinh khi khc, vi 3 mn bt buc l ton, vn v ngoi ng hc sinh d nh thi khi D s c li th hn nhiu so vi cc hc sinh khi khc, theo kho st c nhiu bn khi A, A1, B phn nn v nhng mn thi bt buc ny, cc bn ch yu hc cc mn khi ca mnh m gi li thay i nh vy khng cn thi gian nhi thm 2 mn na buc cc bn phi hc vi cng cao hn, cm thy lo lng hn, bi quan v k thi sp ti.+ Cht lng u vo s khng phn nh ng nng lc hc tp ca hc sinh, t l o s rt cao, chc g mt hc sinh d dnh thi khi D u li gii hn mt hc sinh khi khc khi phi thi tri nhng mn s trng.+ Thi gian thi sm hn mi nm, cng tc chun b ca cc em cng gp rt, khn trng hn iu ny cng t nhiu nh hng n cc em.+ T l u i hc s cao hn nhng thi c tnh phn ha cao v vy theo d on ca nhiu ngi th t l trt tt nghip cng cao hn cc nm trc, thm ch c th xy ra trng hp u i hc nhng li rt tt nghip.+ Hc sinh s d thi ti cm thi a phng nn B GD&T kh kim sot c vn c th kt qu, cht lng thi ti cc cm c s khc bit, cu hi m cc nh lm gio dc t ra l liu c tiu cc, gian ln trong cng tc qun l, gim st k thi hay khng ? Hay li xut hin tiu cc nh trong cc k thi tt nghip THPT cc nm trc.2.5 Nhng bin php hc tp ca hc sinhThng qua tng hp nhng kin t bng kho st, nhm xin a ra nhng cu tr li ph bin nht v vn ny v qua nu ln mt s kin ca mnh: + Hc, hc v tch cc hc tp l cu tr li ca a s cc bn, cc em vn hc ging nh cc bin php hc tp nhng nm trc, ng thi cc bn cng b sung thm kin thc nhng mn bt buc bn cnh vic cng c mn t chn ca mnh, nhn chung phng php ny khng c nhiu thay i, vn mang tnh ng ph nhiu hn, tng cng hc thm nhiu hn, cc em vn b ng qu ph thuc vo thy c.+ Bn cnh , do c gim bt p lc mt k thi nn cc bn rt thoi mi trong vic qun l thi gian, cc em dnh nhiu thi gian cho vic th gin nhm trnh tnh trng u c cng cng to tm l thoi mi chun b bc vo k thi, mt s hnh thc hc tp khc nh hc nhm, t hc cng c s t cc em tng cng nhng khng ng k.+ c k ni dung trong sch gio khoa cng vi vic c nhiu sch tham kho hc hi thm nhiu phng php hc tp, bit thm cc dng bi tp mi m rng s hiu bit, nng cao kin thc.

Chng 3: Kt lun v kin ngh1. Kt lunKt qu kho st phn nh gn ng nh d on cc gi thuyt ban u ca nhm, hc sinh rt t thay i thi hc tp ca mnh, s thay i ca k thi hu nh khng nh hng nhiu n cc em, cc em t ra kh bnh thn n nhn. By gi hc sinh ch cn ch i k thi din ra.2. Kin ngh K thi din ra nh th no? kt qu ra sao? th phi cn ch i nhng n rt kh thay i thi hc tp ca hc sinh, nhm c mt s kin ngh nh sau v vn ny:+ Hc sinh THPT thng quen vi thi hc c, thay i rt kh nn mun thay i cn c nhiu thi gian hn. Theo nhm s thay i ch nn p dng khi hc sinh chuyn giao t bc THCS ln THPT. Giai on ny l giai on m cc em ang tp cho mnh thi quen hc THPT v d nh hng i hc cho mnh. S thay i vo thi im ny l rt thch hp.+ 3 mn bt buc l ton, vn, ngoi ng. Th sinh cc khi s c nhng phn ng khc nhau, nu nh khi D hon ton vui mng khi nghe tin ny th cc khi khc li c nhng suy ngh tri ngc, nh hng ca hc sinh thi khi A ch l ton, l, ha by gi li phi thi ton, vn, anh cc em cm thy rt c ch v vn ny. Theo kin ca nhm 3 mn bt buc khng nht thit phi l ton, vn, ngoi ng m ty theo trng li c nhng mn bt buc nh ton, l, ha hay vn, s, a ty theo s thch cc em nh vy s to nn tm l thoi mi trong cc em. V cc trng H, C cng t m c th tuyn sinh ng cht lng u vo, hn ch ti a t l hc sinh o ca cc trng.

Ph lcTham gia k thiTng cng

CKhng

Gii tnhNam99099

N1281129

Tng cng2271228

Bng 2: T l nam n hc sinh tham gia thi H, C

Thi gian t hc mna

TonLHaSinhVnNNaSKhc

mon tu chonaHaCount795678261124224

% of Total35,10%24,90%34,70%11,60%4,90%10,70%0,90%0,90%1,80%

SinhCount2715231635001

% of Total12,00%6,70%10,20%7,10%1,30%2,20%0,00%0,00%0,40%

LCount12611665143878217

% of Total56,00%51,60%28,90%6,20%16,90%34,70%0,90%0,40%3,10%

SCount620163862

% of Total2,70%0,90%0,00%0,40%2,70%1,30%3,60%2,70%0,90%

aCount145311012751

% of Total6,20%2,20%1,30%0,40%4,40%5,30%3,10%2,20%0,40%

Chua xac dinhCount1065346113

% of Total4,40%2,70%2,20%1,30%1,80%2,70%0,40%0,40%1,30%

TotalCount180136101345810010812

% of Total80,00%60,40%44,90%15,10%25,80%44,40%4,40%3,60%5,30%

Bng 9: Bng th hin mi quan h gia thi gian dnh cho mn t hc v chn mn t chn

PHIU KHO STChc cc bn bit n s thay i ca k thi THPT v H, C ca nhng nm trc so vi nm nay. V chng ti ang lm mt ti nghin cu v vn ny nn cn kho st kin ca cc bn. Nhng kin ng gp ca bn s gip ch rt nhiu cho chng ti.Xin chn thnh cm n!1. Gii tnh ca bn: |_| Nam|_| N2. Thnh tch hc tp ca bn trong nhng hc k gn y|_| Yu|_| Trung bnh|_| Kh|_| GiiNhng thnh tch t c (nu c):..3. Bn c tham gia thi H, C: |_| C|_| KhngNu C bn vui lng tr li nhng cu hi bn di TRC khi bit s thay i ca hnh thc thi ca k thi THPT Quc gia4. Bn s d nh s tham gia k thi H, C khi thi no?|_| A1|_| A|_| B|_| C|_| DNhng khi thi khc:5. Bn hc tt nhng mn no|_| Ton|_| L|_| Ho|_| Sinh |_| Vn|_| NN|_| a|_| SKhc:6. Thi gian t hc ca bn|_| < 3 ting/ngy|_| 3-5 ting/ngy|_| >5 ting/ngy7. Bn dnh thi gian t hc cho nhng mn no: .. SAU khi bit s thay i hnh thc thi ca k thi THPT Quc gia8. Bn s chn nhng mn t chn no thi|_| Ha|_| Sinh|_| L|_| S|_| a9. Bn dnh thi gian t hc thm cho nhng mn no:..10. Thi gian t hc ca bn thay i nh th no: 11. Bn cm thy nh th no v vic thay i hnh thc thi ca k thi ca k thi THPT Quc gia m B GD&T ban hnh Tch cc: Tiu cc: 12. Bn c nhng phng php, k hoch no trang b kin thc thi c kt qu tt nht

TI LIU THAM KHO

http://hocmai.vn/su-kien/luyen-thi-kit-1/?hm_source=adwords288&gclid=CLz61oTdo8ECFY6VvQod4QwA1g http://kenh14.vn/hoc-duong/hoc-sinh-cap-3-nghi-gi-ve-phuong-an-to-chuc-ky-thi-quoc-gia-2015-20140911124251220.chn http://tuoitre.vn/tin/giao-duc/20140102/tot-nghiep-thpt-nam-2014-se-chi-thi-4-mon/588214.html http://www.bqllang.gov.vn/chu-tich-ho-chi-minh/nghien-cuu-hoc-tap-tu-tuong-ho-chi-minh/1467-quan-di-m-c-a-h-chi-minh-v-vai-tro-c-a-giao-d-c-trong-vi-c-phat-huy-nhan-t-con-ngu-i.html http://reds.vn/index.php/tri-thuc/tam-ly-hoc/223-thap-nhu-cau-maslow baotintuc.vn/giao-duc/y-kien-phu-huynh-hoc-sinh-ve-ky-thi-quoc-gia-20140911171025168.htm tin.tuyensinh247.com/nhung-diem-moi-ky-thi-thpt-quoc-gia-2015-c24a18964.html#ixzz3KzyVEeGx http://www.wattpad.com/1563926-1-tm-l-l-g-bn-cht-tm-l-ca-con-ngi http://www.dinhpsy.com/2012/12/phan-tich-ban-chat-cua-hien-tuong-tam.html#ixzz3KttJ89m8 http://www.wattpad.com/1566267-tamly1