*Phng php Nghin cu khoa hc(SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY)

Ts. L Mnh HiKhoa CNTT, H K thut Cng ngh TP HCM

*M uI Mc ch mn hc:Gip hc vin c cch tip cn khoa hc vi vic Nghin cu vit lun vn thc s lun n tin s Trin khai cc hot ng v qun l cc nghin cu khoa hc sau ny. II. Thi gian v ni dung: 30 tit l thuyt + 15 tit seminar Tng quan(3 tit)Phng php khoa hc v Tng quan ti liu (6 tit)T chc thc hin lun vn/lun n (3 tit)Phi hp nghin cu (3 tit)Xy dng cng v qun l d n/lun vn (6 tit)nh gi kt qu (3 tit)o c nghin cu v s hu tr tu (6 tit)Bo co cng/trnh by bi bo (15 tit)

*III Gio trnh v ti liu tham khoBi ging ca L Mnh Hi (Lu hnh ni b)SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES by Luis M. Camarinha-Matoswww.uninova.pt/cam/teaching/SRMT/SRMTunit1.pdfScientific Research Method: Techniques, Models and Practices. Prof. Vu Duong http://www.jvn.edu.vn/upload/files/file/AdvSR/PPNCKH2011-Part1.pdf

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IV. nh gi:im gia k (30%): cng lun vn thc sThi kt thc mn (70%): Bi t lun vi 3 cu hi. hoc 02 bi bo c chp nhn

V. Gio vin:Ts. L Mnh Hi. Khoa CNTT HUTECH. email: lm.hai@hutech.edu.vnWebsite: giangvien.hutech.edu.vn

Bi 1: Tng quanMc tiu:Tm quan trng ca mn hcCc bc tip cn v hon thnh mn hcXy dng cng chi tit v k hoch hon thnh lun vn/lun n/ d n*

*Ng cnh

*Cc vn m mn hc s h tr

*Approach, Method or Methodology? - Approach la cach tip cn mt vn , hay bt u giai quyt mt vn . - Method la cach thc hay phng phap lam mt vic gi. - Methodology la mt h thng cac phng phap, con c goi la h phng phap. - Methodology cung co nghia la mn khoa hoc hay mn nghin cu cac phng phap, hay phng phap lun.

*Khoa hc l g? SCIENCE1. The systematic observation of natural events and conditions in order to discover facts about them and to formulate laws and principles based on these facts. (Quan st - to quy lut)2. The organized body of knowledge that is derived from such observations and that can be verified or tested by further investigation. (T chc tri thc v kim tra tnh xc thc)3. Any specific branch of this general body of knowledge, such as biology, physics, geology, or astronomy. (L mt nhnh ca ton b hiu bit ca loi ngi) Academic Press Dictionary of Science & TechnologyLun vn thc s cng l mt nghin cu khoa hc -> cn thc hin nh mi cng trnh NCKH

*Khoa hc v k thutKhoa hc tr li hai cu hi: Why and howK thut tr li cu hi: whatKhoa hc to nn tng cho k thut. Kt qu ca NCKH l pht minh (Invention), kt qu ca hot ng k thut l to mi (Innovation)

*Tm quan trng ca khoa hc l thuyt Gii thch hoc m t (m hnh ha) mt s kint ra mt khi nim khung gii thch v tin on s kinL thuyt khoa hc khng bao gi hon thin.V vy nghin cu khoa hc l a ra cc gi thuyt (Hypothesis) v kim chng /bc b chng

Lun vn/Lun n (Thesis)- L lun im khoa hc m nh khoa hc tin v (c gng) chng minh tnh ng n.*

*Nghin cu l g???Phn loi nghin cuPhng php lun: Nghin cu thc nghim v nghin cu l thuyt (Empirical vs. Theoretical Research)Tnh ng dng: Nn v ng dng (Fundamental vs. Applied Research) Phm vi: Hn lm v cng nghip (Academic vs. Industrial Research)

Nghin cu l thuyt v nghin cu thc nghim

Nghin cu thc nghimNgm hiu l quan st v o c bng dng c nh gi/cng c mt l thuyt.Nghin cu l thuyt:Ngm hiu l xy dng mt m hnh vi cc quy lut/tnh cht/hot ng d kinHy cho v d v hai loi hnh NC trn?*

Nghin cu ng dng v nghin cu nnNghin cu nn: cc tc nhn h qu ni chung.Nghin cu ng dng: ng dng kt qu nghin cu nn vo mt cng ngh to ra mt sn phm phc v cuc sngNghin cu no quan trng hn?*

*Controlled (kim sot c)Rigorous (nghim ngt)Systematic (h thng)Valid and and verifiable (ng v kim tra c) Empirical (thc nghim chng t c) Critical (c hn nh) Cc im c trng ca nghin cu

Cc phng php suy lun?Suy lun suy din (deductive): T chung -> ring Gio s mn logic hc nhn ra mnh b mt knh. ng bn ngi suy lun xem i tng no ly knh ca mnh. "Ai ly cp? ng nhin l k cp ri. V tn ny c th b cn th, c th khng. C th hn c knh, c th cha c. Nhng nu cha c lm sao hn c th trng thy knh ca mnh? iu ny chng t hn khng b cn th. M khng b cn th th u cn ti knh. T nhng gi thuyt trn, c th kt lun l khng ai ly knh ca mnh c. Chc chn n nm u y thi. Nhng mnh nhn khp ri, khng thy g c. M mnh nhn c nh vy c ngha l mnh ang eo knh. i may qu!!!".

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Suy lun quy np (inductive)T mt vi trng hp ring -> chungng vi mt s trng hp. (im ring)Nu ng vi n th ng vi n+1 (ph qut)Cc phng php suy lun cn thn trng khi s dngSuy lun c ch chn la (abductive) (l mt hnh thc quy np nhng thiu tnh ph qut- thng dng khi c t thng tin). V d khi khm bnh, Suy lun tng t (Analogical) (hng t chung ring nhng c suy lun quy np). V d: A l ph n v A p,B l ph n -> B pSuy lun phn lun (Fallacious). c dng trong x hi hc, t dng trong khoa hcV d: Ph n th p. Tun khng phi ph n -> Tun khng p

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*Lun (gi thuyt khoa hc)Lun tr li cu hi cn chng minh iu g? trong nghin cu. Lun l mt phn on hay mt gi thuyt cn c chng minh. Lun cLun c tr li cu hi Chng minh bng ci g?. - c s chng minh mt lun . C hai loi lun c c s dng trong nghin cu khoa hc:Lun c l thuyt: bao gm cc l thuyt, lun im, tin , nh l, nh lut, qui lut c khoa hc chng minh v xc nhn l ng. Lun c l thuyt cng c xem l c s l lun.Lun c thc tin: da trn c s s liu thu thp, quan st v lm th nghim.

*Lun chngLun chng tr li cu hi Chng minh bng cch no?. Trong nghin cu khoa hc, chng minh mt lun , mt gi thuyt hay s tin on th nh nghin cu s dng lun chng, chng hn kt hp cc php suy lun, gia suy lun suy din, suy lun qui np v loi suy. Mt cch s dng lun chng khc, l phng php tip cn v thu thp thng tin lm lun c khoa hc, thu thp s liu thng k trong thc nghim hay trong cc loi nghin cu iu tra. (x hi hc)

5 bc c bn NCKH*

BcNi dung1Quan st s vt, hin tng 2t vn nghin cu3t gi thuyt hay s tin on4Thu thp thng tin hay s liu th nghim5Kim chng /Kt lun

7 bc lm lun vn thc st vn / Xy dng cng5 bc NCKHCng b / Bo v*

iu g cn tr bn NCKH*

Hy t kim tra cc phm cht ca mnh. iu g sau y lm bn tht vng nht?Vt v?Mo him?Tht bi?Tn nhiu thi gian?Ngi suy ngh?Khng bit bt u t u?=> gii php?*

Bn cn g GVHD? Is an expert in the area you selected ? Is internationally recognized in the area ? Is well connected in the international scientific arena ? Is willing and able to promote your work at conferences and the like? Is active (research, publications) ? Has previous supervision experience ? Is interested in the topic you selected ? Can provide research facilities ? Is willing to fight the system for you ? Will you be integrated in a group ? Do you want co-supervision?*

Cu hi n tpPhn bit khoa hc v k thut (science vs. engineering)Hy nu cc hnh thc NCKH?Cc c trng ca NCKH?Cc phng php suy lun? V d?Cc bc thc hin lun vn thc s nh mt NCKH*

*Bi k tipPhng php khoa hc v Tng quan ti liuChun b mt tng cho lun vn thc s (khong 1 trang) Vn l g?Gi nh ?K hoch ?