p/kr` pacve maihti ivxle8` aai` a4rinvrcn -...
TRANSCRIPT
105
p/kr` pacve
maihtI ivXle8` Aai` A4RinvRcn
5 _È p /aStaivk :
p /kr` car 's.xa e2n sa2n Aai` kay R¢m inim RtI' yam@y e maihtI s.kln sa2na .c e ivksn
yaiv8yI sivStr ivv ecn kel e Aah e _ jIvn ka ExLy e mapn cac`ItIl 0kU` sha s.c, A@yapn
kay R¢ma .tg Rt ¡itpi5ka, p /Tyawr` p /XnavlI Axa iviv2 sa2na .Cya sahaYyan e maihtI s.kln kel e
Aah e _ s .kilt maihtIc e Sv=p ja` Un 6 e~yasa#I v`RnaTmk tsec pirkLpna prI9`asa#I An umanaTmk
sa . iQykIca vapr kela jata e _ p /St ut p /kr`at maihtIce s.QyaTmk ivXle8` Aai` g u`aTmk ivXle8`
kel e Aah e _
jIvn ka ExLy e ix9` kay R¢macI pir`amkarkta pDta;`e h e 0k s.xa e2nac e ]id \d*3 ha et e _
yas.dwa Rt p /kr` É m@y e pirkLpnahI ma .DlelI Aah e _ itCya prI9`asa#I p / aPt maihtIc e s.QyaxaS5Iy
ivXle8` kel e tsec m uKt p /itsada .c e g u`aTmk ivXle8` kel e _
p /St ut p /kr`at s.QyaxaS5Iy Aai` g u`aTmk ivXle8`aca tpxIl sadr kela Aah e _
5 _É maihtI ivXle8` :
maihtI ivXle8`an .tr itcI v Eix*3y e ja` Un 6 e~yasa#I maihtIc e ivXle8` kr`e AavXyk
Aste _ s.xa e2n p /Xna .cI ]Ttr e xa e2` e maihtI ivXle8`am u; e sukr ha et e _ ja epy R .t maihtIvr p / i¢ya
k=n Tya maihtIc e ivXle8` kel e jat nahI ta epy R .t tI maihtI s.xa e2naCya d <*3In e A4Rp U` R Aai`
]py uKt #rt nahI _ maihtIvr p / i¢ya k=n in*k8 R ka!~yapy R .tCya pay-ya .m@y e maihtI ivXle8` hI
s.xa e2natIl mhTTvacI payrI Aah e _
maihtICya Sv=pan usar maihtIc e ivXle8` s.QyaTmk Aai` g u`aTmk ya da en p /kara .nI kel e
jat e _ p /St ut s.xa e2nat jIvn ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` sma .tr ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .vr
An umanaTmk sa . iQykIy p /i¢ya kelI TyaAa2ar e A@yapn kay R¢maCya s.dwa RtIl pirkLpna pDta;`I
kelI _ Tyacp /ma` e jIvn ka ExLy e mapn cac~ya v ¡itpi5ka yam@y e kahI m uKt p /itsad ha et e _
106
Tya .Cya dja Rt zalelI va!, m uKt p /itsadatIl iviv2ta Aai` Aiwjatta yat pDlela frk ja`Un
6 e~yasa#I gu`aTmk ivXle8` kel e _
p /St ut s.xa e2nat maihtIc e ivXle8` s.QyaTmk Aai` g u`aTmk ya da eNhI p /kara .nI Aa¡tI
¢ma .k 5 _É m@y e dxRivLyap /ma` e kel el e Aah e _
maihtI ivXle8`
s.QyaTmk ivXle8` g u`aTmk ivXle8`
jIvn ka ExLy e mapn
cac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .Cya
m@ymanatIl frkacI
s.QyaxaS5Iy t ulna
jIvn ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai`
]Ttrcac`ItIl m uKt p /itsad
A@yapn kay R¢ma .tg Rt ¡itpi5ka .vrIl
p /itsad
A@yapn kay R¢m p /Tyawr` p /XnavlItIl
m uKt p /itsad
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _É : maihtI ivXl e8` p /kar
maihtIc e s.QyaTmk ivXle8` :
yat xaiBdk maihtI s.Qya .m@y e =pa .tirt kelI jat e _ s .QyaTmk maihtI tKte, sar`I
[TyadI .Cya Sv=pat ma .DlI jat e _ s .QyaTmk maihtI ivXle8`am u; e p u!Il ga e *3I sa@y ha etat _
s.xa e2kala Svt:sa#I Aai` [tr s.xa e2ka .sa#I maihtIcI ma .D`I sara .x=pan e, nemkep`an e,
pir`amkarkp`e sadr krta y et e _
s.xa e2natIl cla .ca kay Rkar` s.b .2 xa e2ta y eta e _
nmuNyad \var e p / aPt maihtItUn p / aPt, in*k8a R . Cya Aa2ar e jns.Qy ebabt A.daj VyKt krta
y eta e _
107
5 _Ê maihtI sadrIkr` :
jIvn ka ExLy kay R¢macI pir`amkarkta pDta;`e h e 0k p /St ut s.xa e2nac e ]id \d*3 ha et e _
pir`amkarkta pDta;~yasa#I A@yapn kay R¢map UvI R jIvn ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` A@yapn
kay R¢man .tr sma .tr ]Ttrcac`I idlI g elI _ nm uNyatIl sv R iv´ai4 RnI .Cya ]Ttrpi5ka Aai` Tya .cI
p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLyas.dwa RtIl ma E iqk sadrIkr` ya .c e m ULya .kn kel e _ h e 0kU` p / aPta .k 5ÈÈ p EkI
ha et e _ Tyav=n m@yman Aai` p /ma`ivcln ka!le t e p u! e sar`I ¢ma .k 5 _É m@y e idlel e Aah et _
sar`I ¢ma .k 5 _É : iv´ai4 RnI .c e jIvn ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .c e
m@yman Aai` p /ma`ivcln
cac`I iv´a4I R s.Qya
(N)
m@yman
(M)
p /ma` ivcln
(SD)
p Uv R cac`I 79 308.34 22.93
]Ttr cac`I 79 386.80 19.58
A4 Rinv Rcn :
sar`I ¢ma .k 5 _É v=n jIvn ka ExLy e mapn cac`I p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`IvrIl
p /aPta .ka .Cya m@ymanac e inrI9` kel e Asta ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .c e m@yman jaSt Aa!;le _
p Uv Rcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .c e m@yman ËÈ8 _ËÌ ha et e _ ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .c e m@yman Ë8Î _8È
[tke ha et e _ yav=n ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .c e m@ymanat p Uv Rcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .Cya m@ymanap e9a
Ï8 _ÌÎ n e va! zalI _ 0kU` g3aCya m@ymanat zaleLya va!It p /Ty ek iv´ai4 RnICya p / aPta .ka .Cya
va!Ic e iktI ya egdan Aah e h e d < i*39 epat l9at yav e yasa#I nm uNyatIl sv R iv´ai4 RnI .c e jIvn
ka ExLy e mapn pUv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl 0kU` p / aPta .k Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ê m@ye sadr kel e
Aah et _
108
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1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79
ivdya4IR
pUvR v ]Ttr cac`ItIl gu`
pUvR cac`I
]Ttr cac`I
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ê : iv´ai4 RnI .c e jIvn ka ExLy mapn
p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl 0kU` p /aPta .k
109
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ê Cya inrI9`av=n p u!Il ga e *3I l9at y etat _
p /Ty ek iv´ai4 RnICya jIvn ka ExLy e mapn cac`ItIl p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttr cac`ItIl
p /aPta .ka .t va! zalI Aah e _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e jIvn ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`ItIl kmIt kmI p / aPta .k ÊÊË Aai` jaStIt jaSt
p /aPta .k ËÌÑ Aah et _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e jIvn ka ExLy e mapn ]Ttr cac`ItIl p /aPta .k kmIt kmI Ë5È Aai` jaStIt
jaSt ÌÊÌ Aah et _
jIvn ka ExLy e mapn cac`ItIl p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttr cac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m@y e kmIt kmI
va! Î5 ¢ma .ka .Cya iv´ai4 RnI .cI zalI Aah e, tI ÌÉ n e va! zalI _
jIvn ka ExLy e mapn ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m@y e jaStIt jaSt va! ÌÈ ¢ma .ka .Cya
iv´ai4 RnI .Cya p / aPta .ka .t ÉÊÑ n e zalI Aah e _ ÊÊ Aai` ÊÌ ¢ma .k AsleLya iv´ai4 RnI .Cya
p / aPta .kat sarqIc va! Mh`je ÉÊÎ n e zalI Aah e _
sv R iv´ai4 RnI .Cya p / aPta .ka .t zalelI va! hI s.xa e2kan e kel eLya jIvn ka ExLy e A@yapn
kay R¢mam u; e zalelI Aah e Ase Mh`ta y et e _
iv´ai4 RnI .Cya p / aPta .kat zalelI va! s.QyaxaS5Iy d <*3In e sa4 R Aah e ka? h e pDta;~yasa#I
kel el e s.QyaxaS5Iy ivXle8` Mh`je pirkLpn ec e prI9` p u! e sadr kel e Aah e _
5 _Ë pirkLpna prI9` :
p /kr` É m@y e s.xa e2n pirkLpna ma .DlI ha etI _ tI p u!Ilp /ma` e
s.xa e2n pirkLpna :
'jIvn ka ExLy e ix9` kay R¢m' kay RvahIm u; e wavI ix9ka .Cya jIvn ka ExLy e iv8yk
p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`IvrIl p /aPta .ka .Cya m@ymanat sa4 R frk pD el _
2naTmk pirkLpn eCya s.QyaxaS5Iy prI9`asa#I ya pirkLpn ec e x UNy pirkLpn et =pa .tr
kel e _
110
xUNy pirkLpna :
jIvn ka ExLye ix9` kay R¢m kay RvahIm u; e wavI ix9ka .Cya jIvn ka ExLy e iv8yk
p Uv Rcac`IvrIl Aai` ]Ttrcac`IvrIl p /aPta .ka .Cya m@ymanat s.QyaxaS5Iyd <*3ya sa4 R frk As`ar
nahI _
x UNy pirkLpn ec e prI9` kr~yasa#I ‘t’ prIi9ka ya s.QyaxaS5Iy sa2naca vapr kela
Aah e _
‘t’ prIi9ka :
da en m@ymana .tIl frkaCya s.QyaxaS5Iyd <*3ya sa4 Rkt eCya prI9`asa#I ‘t’ prIi9ka
]py uKt #rt e _ p /St ut s.xa e2nat p Uva e R Ttr cac`I 0klg3 AiwkLp vaprla Aah e _ Tyam u;e
shs.b .2g u`a .k ka!~yasa#I Best & Kahn ya .Cya p uStkat Karl Pearson yas.QyaxaS5)a .nI
ivkist kel eLya 'g u`n ivw /im8a shs.b .2' (Product moment correlation) pd \2tIn e
shs.b .2 g u`a .k ka!la _
‘t’ prI9`asa#I p u!Il s U5 vaprl e :
sU5,
2
2
1
1
2
22
1
21
21
2N
S
N
Sr
N
S
N
S
XXt
(Best John, Kahn James, 2010, Page-419)
sU5atIl icNha .c e A4R :
X1 = ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .c e m@yman
X2 = p Uv Rcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .c e m@yman
N1 = ]Ttrcac`ItIl iv´ai4 RnI s.Qya
N2 = p Uv Rcac`ItIl iv´ai4 RnI s.Qya
S1 = ]Ttrcac`ItIl nm uNyac e p /ma`ivcln
S2 = p Uv Rcac`ItIl nmuNyac e p /ma`ivcln
111
S12 = ]Ttrcac`ItIl nm uNyac e p /cr`
S22 = p Uv Rcac`ItIl nmuNyac e p /cr`
= shs.b .2 g u`a .k
jIvn ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I ]Ttrcac`ICya ‘t’ prI9`ac e filt sar`I ¢ma .k 5 _Ê m@y e
idle Aah e _
sar`I ¢ma .k 5 _Ê jIvn ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`IvrIl p /aPta .ka .Cya m@ymana .tIl
frkac e ‘t’ prI9` _
jIvn ka ExLy e
mapn cac`I
iv´ai4 RnI
s.Qya
(N)
p / aPta .ka .c e
m@yman
(M)
p /ma`
ivcln
(SD)
shs.b .2
g u`a .k
( )
Sva2Inta
ma5a
(df)
p / aPt t
m ULy
sa4 Rkta
Str
p Uv Rcac`I 79 308.34 22.93
]Ttrcac`I 79 386.80 19.58
0.71 78 41.99 0.01
A4 Rinv Rcn :
0k p uC7 cac`I sa4 Rkta Stravr 0klg3 p Uva e R Ttr cac`I g3asa#I Sva2Inta ma5a (df)
Ï8 sa#I È _ÈÉ ya sa4 Rkta Stravr p /mai`t ‘t’ mULy Ê _ËÏÈ Aah e _ p / aPt ‘t’ m ULy ÌÉ _ÑÑ Aah e _
p / aPt ‘t’ m ULy ÌÉ _ÑÑ h e Ê _ËÏÈ p e9a jaSt Aah e _ Mh`jec jIvn ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai`
]Ttrcac`ItIl iv´ai4 RnI .Cya jIvn ka ExLyiv8yk p /aPta .ka .Cya m@ymanatIl frk È _ÈÉ ya Stravr
sa4 R Aah e _
ya s.QyaxaS5Iy ivXle8`av=n xUNy pirkLpna fe3a;lI Aai` s.xa e2n pirkLpn eca SvIkar
kela _ Mh`jec wavI ix9ka .Cya jIvn ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`IvrIl p /aPta .ka .Cya t uln et
]Ttrcac`IvrIl p /aPta .ka .t s.QyaxaS5Iy sa4 R va! zalelI Aah e _ Mh`jec svRc wavI ix9ka .Cya
jIvn ka ExLy e iv8yk p /aPta .ka .t l9`Iy va! zalelI Aah e _ hI va! s.xa e2kan e tyar kel eLya Aai`
kay RvahI kel eLya jIvn ka ExLy e ix9` kay R¢mam u; e zalI Ase Mh`ta y et e _
jIvn ka ExLyiv8yk A@yapn kay R¢mat p /Ty ek jIvn ka ExLyas.dwa Rt ÌÈ tasa .m@y e iviv2
d <k&aVy e sa2na .ca vapr Aai` ]d \ba e2n kel e _ Svy .A@yyn saihTy, Sva@yay v ¡tI yaAa2ar e 0kU`
ËÈ tas jIvn ka ExLyiv8yk srav idla ha eta _ tsec jIvn ka ExLy ]pya ejnaCya s.2IhI p urivLya
112
ha e Tya _ ya sv R p /yTna .m u; e jIvn ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .Cya
m@ymanat sa4 R frk pDla Aah e _ Mh`jec s.xa e2kan e ivkist kel ela jIvn ka ExLy e ix9` kay R¢m
wavI ix9ka .m@ye jIvn ka ExLya .ca ivkas kr~yababt pir`amkark #rla _
A@yapn kay R¢m rabv Un pir`amkarkta va!lI AxI s.b . i2t s.xa e2n e p /kr` da enm@y e idlI
ha etI _ Tyat
Da W _Acla jDe ÜÊÈÈÑÝ ya .nI Svja`Iv ivksn kay R¢m rabivla Aai` Tyat Un [yTta 8 vI
Cya iv´a$ya R .c e Svja`Iv ka ExLy ivkist zale _
Da W _ Gl WDI pa Wl ÜÊÈÈ8Ý ya .nI Aiwya . i5kICya p /4m v8a RCya iv´a$ya R .sa#I ma E iqk s.p / e8`
ka ExLy ivksn kay R¢m tyar k=n TyacI A.mlbjav`I kelI _ Tyan .tr ya iv´a$ya R .c e
ma E iqk s.p / e8` ka ExLy ivkist zale _
Da W _ic5a sa ehnI ÜÉÑÑÊÝ ya .nI bI _0D \ _ Cya iv´ai4 RnI .sa#I smSya inrakr` Aai` sjRnxIl
ivcar ka ExLy ivksn kay R¢m tyar k=n rabivla _ yam u; e wavI ixi9ka .c e smSyainrakr`
Aai` sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy e ivkist zalI _ p /St ut s.xa e2natIl filt vrIl sv R s.b . i2t
s.xa e2naCya filta .xI sus .gtc Aah e _ yav=n A@yapn kay R¢ma .m u; e ka ExLy e ivksn ha et e
Ase Mh`ta y et e _
5 _Ì p /Ty ek jIvn ka ExLyat zaleLya va!Ice prI9` :
mud \da ¢ma .k 5 _Ë m@y e jIvn ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttr cac`IvrIl 0kU`
p / aPta .ka .cI t ulna kelI _ Tyat s.QyaxaS5Iyd <*3ya sa4 R va! zaLyac e Aa!;le _ A@yapn kay R¢mat
WHO n e sUict kel eLya ÉÈ jIvn ka ExLya .cI sha s.cat ivwag`I kelI ha etI _ ya p /Ty ek s.cat
p / aPta .ka .t iktI va! zalI yac e ivXle8` p u! e idle Aah e _
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4258
3062
2517 2375
5939
68056385
4901
29642735
6767
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Svja`Iv s.p/e8` kaExLy smSya inrakr`
Aai` sjRnxIl
ivcar
sarasar ivcar
Aai`
in`Ry9mta
Aa.trVyiKtk
s.b.2 Aai`
td\nuwUtI
wavna.ce
smayaejn Aai`
ta`t`avace
VyvS4apn
s.c
0kU`
gu` pUvR cac`I
]Ttr cac`I
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ë : wavI ix9ka .Cya p Uv R cac`I Aai` ]Ttr cac`ItIl sha s .catIl g u`a .Cya va!IlIl frk
A4 Rinv Rcn :
É _ jIvn ka ExLy mapn cac`ItIl p /Ty ek s.catIl p /aPta .ka .t zaleLya va!IcI t ulna kelI Asta s.p / e8` jaSt Aa!;Un AalI _ Tyaqala eqal
smSyainrakr` v sjRnxIl cac`I yat va! zalelI Aa!;lI _
Ê _ sva Rt kmI va! in`Ry9mta Aai` sarasar ivcar ka ExLy Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2 v td \n uw UtI ka ExLya zalI _
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Svja`Iv :
Svja`Iv ka ExLy p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttr cac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m2Il frk d<i*39 epat l9at yava yasa#I Aa¡tI=pat p u! e sadr kela Aah e _
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ivdya4IR
p/Xn
k/ _ É c
e gu`
pUvR cac`I]Ttr cac`I
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ì : Svja`Iv ka ExLy p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .k
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Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ì Cya inrI9`av=n p u!Il ga e *3I l9at y etat _
p /Ty ek iv´ai4 RnICya Svja`Iv jIvn ka ExLy mapn cac`ItIl p Uv R cac`Ip e9a ]Ttr
cac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .t va! zalI Aah e _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e Svja`Iv ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`ItIl kmIt kmI p / aPta .k 5Ê Aah e Aai`
jaStIt jaSt p /aPta .k ÑÊ Aah et _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e Svja`Iv ka ExLy mapn ]Ttr cac`ItIl kmIt kmI p / aPta .k ÎÌ tr jaStIt
jaSt p /aPtak.k ÑÎ Aah et _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e Svja`Iv ka ExLy mapn cac`ItIl p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m@y e
kmIt kmI va! ÊÎ Aai` ÎÌ ¢ma .ka .Cya iv´ai4 RnI .m@y e É n e zalI _
jIvn ka ExLy mapn cac`ItIl p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .kat jaStIt jaSt
va! ÊÊ ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnIt 0kU` ËÌ n e zalI _
iv´ai4 RnI .Cya Svja`Iv ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`It ÊÊ ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnIla sva Rt kmI
p / aPta .k 5Ê AsUn ]Ttrcac`It sva Rt jaSt p /aPta .katIl va! ÊÊ ¢ma .kaCyac iv´ai4 RnICya
p / aPta .kat ËÌ n e zalI Aah e _
ÏÉ, ÏÏ, ÏÑ ya ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnI .c e p / aPta .k iS4r Aah et _ p Uv Rcac`I Aai`
]Ttrcac`It p /aPta .ka .t va! zalelI nahIt _
É5, ÉÎ, ÉÏ, ÉÑ, 5Ë, ÏË ya ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnI .Cya p / aPta .kat p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttr
cac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m@y e 63 zalelI Aah e _
s.xa e2ka .cI inrI9` e :
Î iv´ai4 RnI .ca Apvad sa eD Un bakI sv R iv´ai4 RnI .Cya Svja`Iv ka ExLyat va! zalI _
Ë iv´ai4 RnI .Cya p / aPta .kat m u;Ic frk Aa!;la nahI _
p / aPta .ka .t m u;Ic frk Aa!;la nahI Aai` p /aPta .kat 63 zalI Axa iv´ai4 RnI .c e p Uv Rcac`I
Aai` ]Ttrcac`ICya ]Ttrpi5ka .ca AWyas kela Asta p u!Il kar` Aa!;le _
p / aPta .kat 63 zaleLya iv´ai4 RnI .nI ]Ttr cac`ItIl kahI p /Xn sa eDivlel e nahIt _ Tyam u; e
p / aPta .kat va! zalI nsavI _
Svja`Iv ka ExLy ivksnasa#I p Uv Rcac`I n .tr A@yapn kay R¢mat SWOT
ANALYSIS t.5aca vapr kela _ tsec sv R ]pka ExLya .cI Aa e;q AavD`a-ya VyKtIxI t ulna
116
kr~yacI ¡tI d e}n k=n d e~yat AalI _ Tyam u; e iv´ai4 RnI .Cya Svja`Iv ka ExLyatIl xarIirk
Svja`Iv, AaTmivXvas, AcUk AaTmprI9`, Sv-An ukUln ya sv Rc ka ExLy e Aai` Tya .Cya
]pka ExLya .m@y e va! zalI _
Svja`Iv ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`It Sv-sadrIkr`aTmk p /Xn ha et e _
iv´ai4 RnI .Cya Svja`Iv ka ExLy iv8y p /aPta .ka .t l9`Iy va! zalelI Aah e _ hI va!
s.xa e2kan e tyar kel eLya Svja`Iv ka ExLy ivksn kay R¢mam u; ec zalI Ase Mh`ta y et e _
117
p /wavI s .p / e8` ka ExLy :
p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m2Il frk d<i*39 epat l9at yava yasa#I Aa¡tI =pan e p u! e sadr kela Aah e _
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ivdya4IR
p/Xn
k/ _ Ê c
e gu`
pUvR cac`I]Ttr cac`I
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _5 : p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl iv´ai4 RnI .c e p /a Pta .k
118
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _5 Cya inrI9`av=n p u!Il ga e *3I l9at y etat _
p /Ty ek iv´ai4 RnICya p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy e mapn cac`ItIl p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttrcac`ItIl
p /aPta .ka .t va! zalI Aah e _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`It kmIt kmI p / aPta .k ËÉ Aai` jaStIt
jaSt p /aPta .k Î5 Aah e _ ta e An u¢m e ÉÎ Aai` 5Ì, ÎÊ ¢ma .ka .Cya iv´ai4 RnI .na im;alel e
Aah et _
p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy mapn ]Ttrcac`It sva Rt kmI p / aPta .k 5Ñ Aah e _ t e ÎÌ ¢ma .kaCya
iv´ai4 RnIla im;alel e Aah et, tr sva Rt jaSt p /aPta .k ÑÊ AsUn t e ÎË ¢ma .kaCya
iv´ai4 RnIla im;alel e Aah et _
p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .kat sva Rt kmI va! ÉÊ
p / aPta .ka .nI zalI AsUn tI 58 ¢ma .ka .Cya iv´ai4 RnICya p /aPta .kat zalI, tr sva Rt jaSt
va! ÌÎ n e zalI AsUn tI Ê ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnI .Cya p / aPta .kat zalI _
p /Ty ek iv´ai4 RnICya p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttr cac`ItIl p /aPta .kat
l9`Iy va! zalelI Aah e _ hI va! s.xa e2kan e kel eLya p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy e ivksn
A@yapn kay R¢mam u;ec zalI Ase Mh`ta y et e _
p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy ivksn kay R¢mat p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`I v EyiKtk sadrIkr`
Aai` g3a .tg Rt sadrIkr` Ase da en ivwag ha et e _ p Uv Rcac`I n .tr ma E iqk sadrIkr`, l9pUv Rk 0 ek`e,
s.d ex ya e Gy irtIn e pa eha ecv`e yasa#I Aiw=pta Aai` qe; ya .ca vapr kela _ kay R¢madrMyan
iv´ai4 RnI .Cya v EyiKtk Aai` g3a .tg Rt sadrIkr`at l9`Iy bdl 6D Un Aale _ sv Rc iv´ai4 RnI .Cya
AaTmivXvas, swa2I3p`a, njrw e3, havwav, AavajatIl c!]tar, l9pUv Rk &v`, [ _ ka ExLya .m@ye
va! zalI _
119
smSya inrakr` Aai` sj RnxIl ivcar :
smSya inrakr` Aai` sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttr cac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m2Il frk d<i*39 epat l9at yava yasa#I
Aa¡tI=pan e p u! e sadr kela Aah e _
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ivdya4IR
p/Xn
k/ _ Ë
ce g
u`
pUvR cac`I
]Ttr cac`I
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Î : smSya inrakr` Aai` sj RnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl iv´ai4 RnI .na im;allel e p /aPta .k
120
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Î Cya inrI9`av=n p u!Il ga e *3I l9at y etat _
svRc iv´ai4 RnI .Cya smSya inrakr` Aai` sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a
Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .t va! zalelI Aah e _
smSyainrakr` Aai` sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`ItIl iv´ai4 RnI .c e kmIt kmI
p / aPta .k ÊÉ AsUn jaStIt jast p /aPta .k 5È Aah e _ t e An u¢m e ÊÑ v ÊÈ ¢ma .ka .Cya
iv´ai4 RnI .na im;alel e Aah et _
smSyainrakr` Aai` sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn ]Ttr cac`ItIl iv´ai4 RnI .c e kmIt
kmI p / aPta .k Ì5 Aai` jaStIt jaSt p /aPta .k ÏÌ Aah et _ t e An u¢m e É v ËÈ, ËË, 55,
Î8 ya ¢ma .ka .Cya iv´ai4 RnI .na im;alel e Aah et _
smSyainrakr` Aai` sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl
p /aPta .ka .m@y e kmIt kmI va! 5Î ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnIcI zalI Aah e _ tI Ï n e va! zalI _
smSyainrakr` Aai` sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl
p /aPta .ka .t jaStIt jaSt va! ÊÑ ¢ma .ka .Cya iv´ai4 RnIt ËÏ n e zalI Aah e _
svR iv´ai4 RnI .Cya smSyainrakr` Aai` sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn cac`It
p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttr cac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .t va! zalelI Aah e _ tI s.xa e2kan e tyar kel eLya
Aai` kay RvahI kel eLya A@yapn kay R¢mam u; ec zalI Ase Mh`ta y et e _
121
sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta :
sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .k d <i*39 epat l9at yav et yasa#I Aa¡tI=pan e p u! e sadr kela
Aah e _
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ivdya4IR
p/Xn
k/ _ Ì
ce gu`
pUvR cac`I
]Ttr cac`I
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ï : sv R iv´ai4 RnI .Cya sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .k
122
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ï Cya inrI9`av=n p u!Il ga e *3I l9at y etat _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`ItIl kmIt kmI
p / aPta .k ÉÎ Aai` jaStIt jaSt p /aPta .k ÌË Aah et _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta ka ExLy mapn ]Ttrcac`ItIl kmIt kmI
p / aPta .k Ê8 Aai` jaStIt jaSt p /aPta .k Ì8 Aah et _
sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta mapn cac`ItIl p Uv RtyarI Aai` ]Ttr cac`ItIl
p /aPta .ka .m@y e kmIt kmI va! 5Î ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnI .cI zalI Aah e tI Ï n e va! zalI _
sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta ka ExLy e mapn ]Ttrcac`ItI p / aPta .ka .m@y e jaStIt jaSt
va! ÊÑ ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnI .Cya p / aPta .ka .m@y e ËÏ ne zalI _
sv R iv´ai4 RnI .Cya sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta ka ExLy mapn p Uv Rcac`I p e9a ]Ttr
cac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .t l9`Iy va! zalI _ hI va! s.xa e2kan e tyar kel eLya sarasar ivcar Aai`
in`Ry9mta ka ExLy ivksn kay R¢mam u; ec zalI Ase Mh`ta y et e _
sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta ka Exly ivksn kay R¢mat p Uv Rcac`It 0ka xaley
iv´a$ya Rca Vyvsay ix9` invDIca p /s .g vacn, Tyavr w Uimkapaln, ]vRirt p /s .gac e vacn Aai`
ya e Gy in`Ry ksa ^yava yavr cca R Ase An uwv idle _ xasn in`Ryavr g3cca R Aai` sadrIkr` tsec
kahI kaLpink pr .t u vaStvaxI s.b . i2t p /s .g d e}n in`Ryp / i¢y eCya pay-yan usar in`Ry 6 e~yacI ¡tI
g3an e yasa#I g3kay R Aai` sadrIkr`acI An uw UtI idlI _
123
td \n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk :
td\n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .k d <i*39 epat l9at yav et Mh`Un Aa¡tI=pan e p u! e sadr kel e Aah et _
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79
ivdya4IR
p/Xn
k/ _ Í
ce gu`
pUvR cac`I
]Ttr cac`I
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _8 : td \n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .k
124
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _8 Cya inrI9`av=n p u!Il ga e *3I l9at y etat _
p /Ty ek iv´ai4 RnICya td \n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk ka ExLy e mapn cac`ItIl p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a
]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .t l9`Iy va! zalelI Aah e _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e td \n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`ItIl kmIt kmI p / aPta .k
ÊÈ Aai` jaStIt jaSt p /aPta .k ÌÈ Aah et _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e td \n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk ka ExLy e mapn ]Ttrcac`ItIl kmIt kmI p / aPta .k
Ê8 Aai` jaStIt jaSt p /aPta .k ÌÉ Aah et _
td\n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk mapn cac`ItIl p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m@y e
kmIt kmI va! ÉÊ ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnI .cI zalI Aah e tI É n e va! zalI _
td\n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I v ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m@y e
jaStIt jaSt va! Î ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnICya p / aPta .kat ÉÉ n e zalI Aah e _
ya cac`It vSt uin*# bh upya RyI s.kLpnaTmk, ]pya ejnaTmk tsec l6 uTtrI dI6a e R TtrI
p /Xna .ca smav ex ha eta _ sv R p /karCya p /Xna .m2Il p /aPta .ka .m@y e p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttr
cac`ItIl p /aPta .k va!lel e idsle hI 0kU` 5È p / aPta .ka .cI cac`I ha etI _ sv R iv´ai4 RnI .Cya
p / aPta .ka .m@y e zalelI va! hI s.xa e2kan e kel eLya td \n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2 ka ExLy
A@yapn kay R¢mam u;ec zalI Ase Mh`ta y et e _
ya Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2 Aai` td \n uw UtI ka ExLy ivksn ya kay R¢mat A@yyn An uw UtI .sa#I
sirtaca Aai` s.ta e8 Ase da en p /s .g d e~yat Aale ha et e _ Tyavr p u! e kay zale Asel yasa#I
w Uimkapaln Aai` p uNha n .tr p u!ca p /s .g, tsec td \n uw UtIsa#I sirta Aai` s.ta e8Cya
w Uimket ix=n ivcar Aai` ¡tIla s.2I _
smajaleqasa#I ¡tI tsec td \n uw UtIsa#I ta e Tta ecan ya p uStkatIl ta eTta ecan navaCya
7a e3ya m ulIca xa;etIl pihla idvs Aai` itCya ixi9kecI w Uimka Aslela p /s .g vacayla
d e}n Tyavr cca R Aai` wUimkapalnaca An uwv idla _ tsec 7DI lag e 7m 7m\ Aai` tar e
jmI . pr h e da en ic5p3 daqivle _ ya sv R An uwva .m u; e iv´ai4 RnI .c e Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2 Aai`
td \n uw UtI ka ExLy e ivkist zalI _
125
wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn :
wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m2Il frk d<i*39 epat l9at yav et yasa#I Aa¡tI=pan e
p u! e sadr kel e Aah e _
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ivdya4IR
p/Xn
k/ _ Î
ce g
u`
pUvR cac`I
]Ttr cac`I
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ñ : wavnac . e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn mapn p Uv Rcac`I v ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .k
126
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _Ñ Cya inrI9`av=n p u!Il ga e *3I l9at y etat _
svR iv´ai4 RnI .c e wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn ka ExLy mapn cac`ItIl
p Uv R cac`Ip e9a ]Ttr cac`ItIl p /aPta .ka .m@y e va! zalI Aah et _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn mapn p Uv Rcac`ItIl kmIt kmI
p / aPta .k ÊÊ Aai` jaStIt jaSt p /aPta .k 88 Aah et _
iv´ai4 RnI .c e wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn mapn ]Ttrcac`ItIl kmIt
kmI p / aPta .k ÏË Aai` jaStIt jaSt p /aPta .k ÑÏ Aah et _
wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl
p /aPta .ka .m@y e kmIt kmI va! Ê, Ï ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnI .cI zalI Aah e _ tI É ne va!
zalI _
wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`ItIl
p /aPta .ka .m@y e jaStIt jaSt va! ÎÈ n e zalI Aah e _ tI ÌÈ ¢ma .kaCya iv´ai4 RnI .t zalI _ ya
cac`ItIl p Uv Rcac`It Hyac iv´ai4 RnI .la sva Rt kmI p / aPta .k Aah et _
ya iv´ai4 RnICya ta`t`av iny .5` t .5 e, skaraTmk ivcar, v e; ec e VyvS4apn, ragavr iny .5`
ya ka ExLya .m@y e va! zalI _
svRc iv´ai4 RnI .Cya p / aPta .kat p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttrcac`It va! zalI _ ya cac`It
p Uv Rcac`It ËÏ, ÌÈ ¢ma .k vg;ta sv Rc iv´ai4 RnI .na 8, ËÏ, ÌÈ ¢ma .ka .Cya iv´ai4 RnI
vg;ta sv Rc iv´ai4 RnI .na ÎË p /aPta .ka .Cya p u!c e p / aPta .k im;alel e Aah et Aai` ]Ttrcac`It
sv Rc iv´ai4 RnI .na ÏË Cya p u!c e p / aPta .k im;alel e Aah et _
wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn hI ka ExLy e Sv-sadrIkr`aTmk AsLyan e
iv´ai4 RnI .nI ya cac`It wrw=n Aai` jaStIt jaSt skaraTmk p /itsad idla Aah e _
Tyam u; e svRc iv´ai4 RnI .Cya p / aPta .ka .m@y e l9`Iy va! zalI Aah e _
svR iv´ai4 RnI .Cya wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn ka ExLy mapn
p Uv Rcac`Ip e9a ]Ttrcac`ItIl p /aPta .kat zalelI va! hI s.xa e2kan e tyar kel ela
kay R¢mam u; e zalI Aah e Ase Mh`ta y et e _
wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn ka ExLy e ivksn kay R¢mat p Uv Rcac`It Aai`
sma .tr ]Ttrcac`It kahI 63na v p /s .gaTmk p /Xn Aai` Sv-sadrIkr`aTmk p /Xn idlel e ha et e _ ya
127
kay R¢mat wavna .cI AiwVyKtIsa#I ¡itpi5ka, s.g`kavrIl kay R¢m, Sla{D xa e pah Un Tyavr
ja eDIn e (Pair and share) cca R, ma e#ya g3at cca R Aai` sadrIkr` Axa A@yyn A@yapn
An uw UtI idLya ha e Tya _ Tyaca pir`am ]Ttr cac`ItIl p /aPta .k l9`IyirtIn e va!lel e idsle _
5 _5 maihtIc e g u`aTmk ivXle8` :
p /St ut s.xa e2nat jagitk Aara e Gy s.63n en e (WHO) n e sUict kel eLya jIvn ka ExLy e
yadItIl ÉÈ jIvn ka ExLya .Cya Aa2ar e s .xa e2kan e tyar kel ela jIvn ka ExLy ix9` kay R¢m
ix9kaCya jIvn ka ExLy ivksnasa#I s.QyaxaS5Iyd <*3ya pir`amkark #rla h e AaleLya filtav=n
isd \2 zale Asle trI g u`aTmk maihtIcahI Aa2ar 6 e` e AavXyk Aah e _ Tyam u; e g u`aTmk ivXle8`
kr~yaca p /yTn kela _
s .xa e2n AWyasatIl m uKt AiwVyKtIla vav d e`ar e p /Xn, ¡tI Aai` A@yyn An uwva .t Un
y e`a-ya p / itsada .m u; e ]py uKt Aai` mhTTvp U` R AxI maihtI p / aPt ha et e _ ya maihtIc e g u`aTmk
ivXle8` ka;jIp Uv Rk Aai` barka{n e krav e lagt e _ Axa sU(maWyasan e Anma el maihtI im;te _
Tyam u; ec jIvn ka ExLy A@yapn kay R¢matIl jIvn ka ExLy mapn cac`I, Svy .A@yyn saihTy Aai`
p /Tyawr` p /XnavlI yavrIl p /itsada .c e g u`aTmk ivXle8` kr`e grj ec e va3le _ pr .t u g u`aTmk ivXle8`
kr~yasa#I ka e`TyahI p /karc e inym, pd \2tI ik.va tTTv e nahIt _ ma5 Ase ivXle8` s.QyaxaS5Iy
ivXle8`ala p Urk #rt e v sm<d \2 maihtI d et e _
ma{Ls 0m _ Aai` Hy ubrmn 0 _ ya .Cyamt e, g u`aTmk maihtIce ivXle8` k=n in*k8 R
ka!~yasa#I Aai` TyacI AcUk pDta;`I kr~yasa#I sv RsamaNy Axa pd \2tI Aai` inym ]plB2
nahIt _
We have few agreed on canons for qualitative data analysis, in the
sense of shared ground rules for drawing conclusions and verifying their
studiness.
(Miles M., Huberman A., 1984, Page-16.)
g u`aTmk ivXle8`acI pd \2tI s.xa e2kan e Svt: #rvavI lagt e _ yababt p W3n ya .nI p u!Il mt
ma .Dle Aah e _
128
In qualitative inquiry the researcher is the instrument. Validity in
qualitative methods, therefore hinges to a great extent of the skill,
competence, and rigor of the person doing field work.
(Patton Michael, 1980, Page-14)
g u`aTmk ivXle8`at s.xa e2kan e Svt: ivXle8`ac e sa2n Mh`Un kam kel e paihj e _ s .xa e2n
AWyasaCya h et Ula p Urk Aai` ya e Gy Ase 2a er` ivkist kel e paihj e _
s .xa e2kan e Svt: s.xa e2n AWyasaCya Sv=pan usar ]plB2 maihtI, ivix*3 na e .dI, inrI9`
¡itpi5ka, m uKt AiwVyKtIt Un Aalel e p / itsad yat Un Aa!;`a-ya kLpna, rcna, ivcar, tTTv e,
mhTTvp U` R m ud \d e ya sva R .m2la prSprs.b .2 xa e2~yaca p /yTn kela _
p /St ut s.xa e2nat g u`aTmk ivXle8` ka e# e vaprle h e p u!Il Aa¡tI=pan e VyKt kel e Aah e _
g u`aTmk ivXle8`
sjRnxIl ivcar, ka ExLy mapn
cac`ItIl m uKt AiwVyKtIla
vav d e`a-ya p /Xna .vrIl p /itsad
Svy .A@yyn saihTyatIl
¡tI .vrIl m uKt p /itsad
jIvn ka ExLy ix9` kay R¢m
p /Tyawr` p /XnavlItIl m uKt
p /itsad
Aa¡tI ¢ma .k 5 _ÉÈ : p /St ut s.xa e2natIl g u`aTmk ivXle8`aca vapr
5 _5 _É sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn cac`ItIl p /itsadac e g u`aTmk ivXle8` :
sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy mapn cac`It 0kU` 5 p /Xn iv´ai4 RnI .Cya m uKt AiwVyKtIla vav
d e`ar e ha et e _ ya p /Xna .na iv´ai4 RnI .cI iviv2 ]Ttr e AalI _ ya ]Ttra .tIl smaiv*3 m ud \dya .Cya Aa2ar e
p / itsada .c e g3 kel e _ p / itsada .Cya 0kU` s.Qy eCya Aa2ar e sjRnxIl ivcara .ca Aa e6 iktI h e l9at
Aale _ smaiv*3 m ud \dyatIl iviv2teCya Aa2ar e ivcaratIl lvickta iktI h e pahta Aale _ tsec
g3atIl ANy ka e`alahI n suclela 0qada d uim R; m ud \da, ma .Dlela v eg;a ivcar ya Aa2ar e ma E ilkta
pDta;lI, p /Xninhay ivXle8` p u! e idle Aah e _
129
p /Xn ¢ _ É :
vga RtIl ix9k v iv´a$ya R .na 0kmeka .Cya mnatIl ivcar vacta Aale tr kay kay ha e{l?
jaStIt jaSt kLpna ilha _ p /Ty ek kLpna nVya Aa e;I .vr ilha _
ya p /Xnala iv´ai4 RnI .nI idlele p / itsada .c e ivXle8` p u! e idlel e Aah e _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _Ë : p /Xn ¢ma .k É la iv´ai4 RnI .nI idl el e p / itsad
s.b . i2t m ud \d e ma .D`a-ya
iv´ai4 RnI .cI s.Qya
¢ _ iv´ai4 RnI .nI idleLya p / itsadatIl m ud \d e
p Uv Rcac`I ]Ttrcac`I
É ix9ka .xI s.b . i2t ivcar smj`e :
ca .gle ã va{3 ivcar iv´a4I R Aai` ix9ka .na smjtIl
ix9k jI ¡tI vga Rt 6 e`ar Aah e tI Aga edrc k;el _
mula .c e p / itsad ix9ka .na k;tIl
ix9k Aai` iv´a$ya R .m@y e nk;t ivcara .cI d eva`6 eva`
ha e{l
5Ï Ï8
Ê iv´a$ya R . Cya wavna smj`e
mnatIl suq, d u :q, rag, Vd e8, mTsr, wItI, Aan .d
Hya wavna smjtIl _
ÎÊ ÏË
Ë pir`am
ca .gle pir`am :
A@yyn A@yapnat =cI inma R` ha e{l
iv´a$ya R .ca p uva Rn uwv, )anrcna kr~yacI pd \2t,
maihtI, Tya .CyakD e As`ar e g u` Aga edrc k;tIl
Tyam u; e suPt g u`a .na vav d eta y e{l _
iv´a$ya R .na ixkvlel e k;te kI nahI h e smjLyam u; e
p u!c e A@yyn An uwv d e` e sa ep e ha e{l _
AWyasat mag e pD`a-ya iv´a$ya R . Cya ADc`I smjtIl _
5Ë ÏÎ
130
iv´a$ya R .na Ap ei9t )an, ka ExLy e ivkist ha etIl _
A@yyn-A@yapn jaStIt jaSt ¡tIy uKt ha e{l ã
iv´a$ya R .ca jaSt shwag va3 el _
p /Xn Aa2Ic e k;Lyamu; e iv´a4I R prI9 esa#I tyarI
krtIl _
ka WpIcI smSya rah`ar nahI _
va{3 pir`am :
A@yyn-A@yapnaca AaraqDa, =pr e8a iv´a$ya R .na Aa2Ic
k;el Tyam u; e A@yapn p /wavI ha e`ar nahI _
prI9 et ivcarle ja`ar e p /Xn Aa2Ic k;tIl _
p /Xnpi5ka Aapa eAap fu3 el _
ka WpI, g Erp /kar ha etIl _
Ì8 ÏÑ
A4 Rinv Rcn :
p Uv Rcac`ICya t uln et ]Ttr cac`ItIl m uKt p /itsad, Aa e6, iviv2ta v ma E ilkta ya
babtItIl g u`aTmkirTya srs Aah et _
Aa e6 : vga RtIl ix9` v iv´a$ya R .na 0kmekaCya mnatIl ivcar vacta Aale tr, ya p /Xnala
ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI ix9ka .nI p Uv Rcac`It ÉÏÊ, tr ]Ttr cac`It ÊÑÎ m ud \d e nm Ud kel e _
iviv2ta : p Uv Rcac`It Ì p /karc e m ud \d e s ucvle, tr ]Ttr cac`It Ì p /karc e m ud \d e iviv2ta
nm Ud kelI _
ma E ilkta : vga RtIl ix9` v iv´a$ya R .na 0kmekaCya mnatIl ivcar vacta Aale tr, ya
p /Xnala ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI ix9ka .nI sucivleLya m ud \dya .m@y e p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttrcac`It 0khI
iwNn p /itsad Aala nahI _
131
p /Xn ¢ _Ê : ix9ka .nI s.p k= ny e Mh`Un jaStIt jaSt pya RyI ]payya ejna sucva _
sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy e mapn p Uv Rcac`I Aai` ]Ttr cac`It m uKt AiwVyKtIla vav
d e`a-ya kahI p /Xna .c e g u`aTmk ivXle8` nm uNyadaql p u! e idle Aah e _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _Ì : p /Xn ¢ma .k Ê la iv´ai4 RnI .nI idl el e p / itsad
s.b . i2t m ud \d e ma .D`a-ya
iv´ai4 RnI .cI s.Qya
¢ _ iv´ai4 RnI .nI idleLya p / itsadatIl m ud \d e
p Uv Rcac`I ]Ttrcac`I
É xa;etIl p /xasn
pa5 VyKtI .Cya n em` Uk
Apa5 AstIl tr p / ix9` dyav e
bdlI jv;Cya gavat
s.2I, svltI, p / ix9`
v etnva!I
s.p ha e~yap UvI Rc ivcarivinmy
ca .gle kam kr`a-ya .cI dql purSkar, sNman,
ba ens, dja R
5Ñ ÏÊ
ix9ka .sa#I xa;et Un mag Rdx Rn
v EyiKtk
xE9i`k
p / ix9`vg R
s.p ha e~yam u;e iv´a$ya R .c e ha e`ar e n uksan yaiv8yI
]d \ba e2n
s.pacI v e;c y e} ny e AxI ya ejna kr`e
È Ê
xa;ebah erIl kam e n d e` e
invD`uka, mtdar na e .d`I, mtma ej`I
jng`na
5Ñ ÏÉ
132
Sp2a R prI9a
xa;es .b . i2t ANy kam e kmI kr`e
p /v ex prI9a
p /v ex p / i¢ya
Sp2a R prI9a, [tr i#ka`I ja}n prI9a 6 e` e,
baHyprI9k
È Î8
smSya ja` Un 6 e` e
jv;Cya gavat bdlI
palk, smaj, xasn, p /xasn
iv´a4I R
5Ì Î5
ANy
jaSt v e; d e`ar e p /ya egxIl, iv´a4I R iht jp`ar e,
mag Rdx Rn kr`ar e ya .cI dql ^yavI, pairta e i8ke, bi9se
dyavIt _
ÌÊ 5Ï
A4 Rinv Rcn :
p Uv Rcac`ICya t uln et ]Ttr cac`ItIl m uKt p /itsad, Aa e6, iviv2ta v ma E ilkta ya
babtItIl g u`aTmkirTya srs Aah et _
Aa e6 : iv´ai4 RnI ix9ka .nI s.p k= ny e Mh`Un ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .nI p Uv Rcac`It ÊÉÌ p /karc e
m ud \d e s ucvle, tr ]Ttr cac`It ËË5 p /karc e m ud \d e nm Ud kel e _
iviv2ta : p Uv Rcac`It Ì p /karc e m ud \d e s ucvle, tr ]Ttr cac`It Î p /karc e m ud \d e iviv2ta
nm Ud kelI _
ma E ilkta : ix9ka .nI s.p k= ny e yasa#I ix9ka .na mag Rdx Rn ya m ud \dyasa#I p Uv Rcac`It
0khI p / itsad Aala nahI tr ]Ttrcac`It yasa#I kahI p /itsad Aale _
133
p /Xn ¢ _ Ë : vga Rt iv´a4I R iktI iwNn kar`a .nI ba elt AstIl TyacI jaStIt jaSt s .waVy kar` e
ilha _
ya p /Xnala iv´ai4 RnI .nI idlele p / itsad ã sucivlel e m ud \d e p u!Ilp /ma` e _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _5 : p /Xn ¢ma .k Ë la iv´ai4 RnI .nI idl el e p /itsad
s.b . i2t m ud \d e ma .D`a-ya
iv´ai4 RnI .cI s.Qya
¢ _ iv´ai4 RnI .nI idleLya p / itsadatIl m ud \d e
p Uv Rcac`I ]Ttrcac`I
É ix9k :
)an : kmI )an Asel, A´yavt )an nsel
A@yapn iv8yk : c Uk ha e` e, m ud \da sa eD Un ba el` e,
iv´a$ya R .kD e d ul R9 kr`e, A@yapn ca .gle ã va{3 yabd \dl
ba el`e
xarIirk : AajarI As`e
manisk : manisk iS4tI i#k nsel
5Ë ÏÎ
Ê iv´a4I R :
ba Eid \2k : Aakln kmI ã jaSt A@yynat =cI kmI
xE9i`k : nVya kLpna sa .g` e, mnat inma R` ha e`ar e p /Xn,
ADc`I, iv8y n smj`e, ix9ka .p e9a jaSt maihtI As`e,
im5a .na smjUn sa .g` e, iv8y k.3a;va`a _
manisk ã xarIirk : gPpa mar` e, ix9k ragavle AstIl
Tyaca rag b9Is im;aLyaca Aan .d m ulI .na icDv~yasa#I,
g .mt Mh`Un 6rI wa .D` zale Asel, 6rI ka e`I AajarI Asel
ã mniS4tI i#k nsel
xarIirk : AajarI As`e, w Uk lag`e, 0 ekayla n y e` e,
f;yavrc e n ids`e
Î8 ÏÊ
134
Ë ANy baHy 63k :
rSTyat Ap6at paihla As`e, 3I _ VhI _s .g`k, [.3rn e3vr
maihtI im;alelI As`e, vt Rmanp5at vacnavr cca R kr`e,
qe;aD U Aai` qe;abd \dl ba el`e, Aiwn eta, Aiwn e5Ibd \dl
ba el`e, 3I _ VhI _ vrIl kay R¢m, isn emabd \dl cca R kr` e,
saihTy-p en, p3 \3I, qa eDrbr, [ _mag` e _
58 ÎÑ
A4 Rinv Rcn :
p Uv Rcac`ICya t uln et ]Ttr cac`ItIl m uKt p /itsad, Aa e6, iviv2ta v ma E ilkta ya
babtItIl g u`aTmkirTya srs Aah et _
Aa e6 : iv´ai4 RnI ix9ka .nI vga Rt iv´a4I R iktI iwNn kar`a .nI ba elt AstIl TyacI jaStIt
jaSt s.waVy kar` e sucivtana ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .nI p Uv Rcac`It ÉÏÑ p /karc e m ud \d e s ucvle, tr
]Ttr cac`It ÊÉÏ p /karc e m ud \d e nm Ud kel e _
iviv2ta : p Uv Rcac`It Ë p /karc e m ud \d e s ucvle, tr ]Ttr cac`It Ë p /karc e m ud \d e iviv2ta
nm Ud kelI _
ma E ilkta : vga Rt iv´a4I R iktI iwNn kar`a .nI ba elt AstIl TyacI jaStIt jaSt s.waVy
kar` e sucivtana p Uv Rcac`It 0khI p / itsad Aala nahI tsec ]Ttrcac`IthI p / itsad Aala
nahI _
p /Xn ¢ _ 5 : ix9`acI jbabdarI srkarcI nahI Asa in`Ry 0ka sv R ra*¨ smaiv*3 AsleLya
jagitk pir8d et jahIr kela _ AaMhI Aata ix9`avr 0khI p Esa qcR kr`ar nahI _ Tyam u; e Aata
xa;a b .d Asa in`Ry sv Rc ra*¨a .nI 6 etla tr kay kay ha e{l? Tyace pir`am p u!Il m ud \dya .Cya
Aa2ar e Svt .5p` e ilha _
AÝ ca .gle, bÝ ba{3, kÝ gmtIdar
ya p /Xnala iv´ai4 RnI .nI p Uv Rcac`I ]Ttrcac`It idlel e p / itsad ã sucivlel e m ud \d e
p u!Ilp /ma` e _
135
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _Î : p /Xn ¢ma .k 5 la iv´ai4 RnI .nI idl el e p /itsad
s.b . i2t m ud \d e ma .D`a-ya
iv´ai4 RnI .cI s.Qya
¢ _ iv´ai4 RnI .nI idleLya p / itsadatIl m ud \d e
p Uv Rcac`I ]Ttrcac`I
ca .gl e pir`am
É iv´a$ya R .Cya d <*3In e :
wItI, ic .tam uKt jIvn Tyam u; e Sp2a R, prI9a, Awyas b .d,
Aan .dI Aan .d
Svat .”y – xa;et ja~yac e b .2n nste, k3k3 nahI _
Svt .5p` e ivcar kr`e, hv e t e ix9` 6 e` e
5Ñ ÏÎ
Ê palka .Cya d <*3In e :
Aai4 Rk fayda ha e{l, d e`Gya b .d ha etIl, qcR vac el, Svt:
ixkvtIl, Vyavsaiyk ix9` detIl _
s .ga epn VyviS4t – mula .kD e l9 d etIl, par .pairk Vyvsay
ix9` im;el _
p /v exasa#I p /yTn nahI – Sp2a R, c!aAa e!
5Ê Î8
Ë smajaCya d <*3In e :
la eks.63n – srkarla ivra e2 kr`e, in`Ry bdl~yas wag
paD`e, dbav Aa``e _
shkay R – nvIn xa;a su= kr`e, 0k5 y e}n smajkay R
kr`e _
v Ecairk jag <tI – v Ecairk jag <tI ha e}n ix9`ace mhTTv
va! el, nv e nv e AWyas¢m su= ha etIl AWyas¢mat iviv2ta
y e{l _
5Ñ ÏÎ
Ì ra*¨aCya d <*3In e :
Aai4 Rk fayda – ix9`avrca qcR vac el, ix*yv <TtI, ma eft
ix9` b .d, xa;a .na An udan b.d, ix9ka .ca pgar nahI
5Ï ÏÌ
136
vacleLya p Exa .t Un [tr ca .glI kam e kr`e shjxKy ha e` e _
qajgI xa;a .t Un Aapa eAap ra*¨a .sa#I tJ) t.5), xaS5),
[ _ tyar ha etIl _ srkarla p /yTna .cI grj pD`ar nahI _
Aar9`am u; e ha e`ar e vad, p /Xn im3tIl _
srkarcI ]Cc ix9`acI jbabdarI, T uyatIl ADc`I d Ur
ha e}n fayd e im;tIl _
va{3 pir`am
É ix9ka .Cya d <i*3ka enat Un :
b ekar, b era ejgar Tyam u; e ku3 u .b ]@vSt
ix9` p /ix9` mhaiv´aly e bd . ha e` e
qajgI ix9`s.S4a .m@y e Aai4 Rk xa e8`, v etn kmI
Jyada v e; kam kr`e
5Ñ ÏÎ
Ê palka .Cya d <*3In e :
kamat d ul R9 : m ul e 6rI Tyam u; e ic .ta, ka;jI
jada Aai4 Rk war : qajgI xa;a .cI fI Jyada As`e _
manisk SvaS4 : m ul e wa .D` e krtIl, wa .D` e 6rI Aa`tIl,
w.Dav Un sa eDtIl, kahItrI ]´a eg krtIl, Tyat Un Ap6at
ha e{l Tyam u; e manisk SvaS4 ib6D el _
5Ï ÏÊ
Ë iv´a$ya R .Cya d <i*3ka enat Un :
idxahIn ha e` e, s.Skar n ha e` e, A)anI b ekarI Vysna2Inta,
b eixSt, b ejbabdar ha e` e, ba E id \2k, wavink, samaijk
ivkas ku .#It
5Ê 5Ê
Ì smajaCya d <i*3ka enat Un :
Aixi9ta .c e p /ma` va! el, A)an, A.2&d \2a va!`e, w edwav,
grIb-&Im .t drI va!`e, &Im .ta .cI m ul e ixktIl, grIba .c e
xa e8` ha e{l _
ÌÌ Î8
137
5 ra*¨aCya d <i*3ka enat Un :
jbabdar nagirka .ca Awav, kuxl t.5), xaS5), tJ),
qe;aD U, [ _ im;`ar nahIt _ inr9rta-Aara e Gy smSya,
samaijk ADsr ha e` e, ra*¨acI ã jgacI p /gtI qu .3 el _
ËÎ 55
A4 Rinv Rcn :
p Uv Rcac`ICya t uln et ]Ttr cac`ItIl m uKt p /itsad, Aa e6, iviv2ta v ma E ilkta ya
babtItIl g u`aTmkirTya srs Aah et _
Aa e6 : srkarI xa;a b .d zaLya tr ya p /Xnala ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .nI p Uv Rcac`It ÌÌÌ p /karc e
m ud \d e s ucvle, tr ]Ttr cac`It ÎÉÎ p /karc e m ud \d e nm Ud kel e _
iviv2ta : p Uv Rcac`It Ñ p /karc e m ud \d e s ucvle, tr ]Ttr cac`It Ñ p /karc e m ud \d e iviv2ta
nm Ud kelI _
ma E ilkta : srkarI xa;a b .d zaLya tr ya p /Xnala p Uv Rcac`It Aai` ]Ttrcac`It 0khI
iwNn p /itsad Aala nahI _
5 _5 _Ê Svy.A@yyn saihTyatIl p/itsadace g u`aTmk ivXle8` :
Svy .A@yyn saihTyat iviv2 jIvn ka ExLy e Aai` Tya .cI ]pka ExLy e ya .c e ya e Gy Aakln Vhav e
Aai` Tya .c e ]pya ejn krta yav e yasa#I Tya .c e A@yyn-An uwv d e`a-ya ¡tI .c e ]pya ejn kr~yat Aale
ha et e _ Tyac e v`Rn p/kr` Ì m2Il m ud \da ¢ _Ì _Ë m@y e kel el e Aah e _ Tya ¡tI .m@ye iviv2ta ha etI
Tyap EkI kahI ¡tI .c e nm uNyadaql ivXle8` p u! e sadr kel e Aah e _
nmuna¡tI É : Svy .A@yyn saihTyat sva Rt p /4m 'mihla la ekp / itin2I .sa#I AavXyk ka ExLy e' Asa
leq vacayla idla _ la ekp / itin2I .p /ma` ec ix9ka .sa#I AavXyk ka ExLya .cI maihtI wavI ix9ka .na
Aah e kI nahI h e ja` Un 6 e~yasa#I p u!Il p /Xnac e Aaya ejn kel e ha et e _
138
p /Xn : jxa t umCya la ekp / itin2I .kD Un Ap e9a Aah et, tsec smajaCya ix9ka .kD Un kahI Ap e9a
Astat _ ix9k ksa Asava yabd \dlCya kahI kLpna Astat _ iv´a$ya R .ca sva R .gI` ivkas
kr~yasa#I ix9ka .nI hrp /kar e p /yTn krav e Ase va3t Aste _ ix9k ha e~yac e @y ey 6 e}n t uMhI ya
bI _0D \ _ Cya AWyas¢mat p /v ex 6 etla Aah e _ yxSvI ha e~yasa#I ix9kakDe ka e`tI ka ExLy e AavXyk
AsavIt? Ase t uMhala va3t e _
ya p /Xnala iv´ai4 RnI .nI idlel e p / itsad Tya .Cya xBdat d e}n Tyat Un sUict ha e`arI ka ExLy e
p u! e idlI Aah et _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _Ï : ix9ka .sa#I AavXyk AslelI ka ExLy e s Ucivtana iv´ai4 RnI .nI k el elI xBdya ejna :
A _¢ _ ix9ka .sa#I AavXyk AslelI ka ExLy e sucivtana
iv´ai4 RnI .nI kel elI xBdya ejna
sUict ha e`ar e jIvn ka ExLy
É _ ya e Gy Aacarivcar As`e _
AaTmivXvas As`e _ Svja`Iv :
wavna .ca pir`am ja`~yacI 9mta As`e _
Ê _ ca .gle A4Rp U` R s.wa8` kr`e _
l9pUv Rk 0 ek`e _ p /wavI s .p / e8` ka ExLy e
swa2I3p`a _
Ë _ iv´a$ya R .cI ADc`, smSya, p /Xn smjUn 6e` e _
iv´a$ya R .na A@yynat mdt kr`e _ smSyainrakr`
[tra .na ADc` sa eDiv~yas mdt kr`e _
Ì _ nvIn ga e *3I ixk`e, ixkiv`e _
nvIn sa2n e, t .5 e, pd \2tI vapr` e _ sjRnxIl ivcar
A@yapnat nvIn y uKTya vapr` e _
5 _ vga Rt ixkiv~yap urt ec kam nahI yacI ja`Iv
As`e _
ya e Gy kay Aya e Gy kay yacI xhainxa kr`e _ sarasar ivcar
iv´a$ya R .m@y e w edwav n kr`e _
139
Î _ ya e Gy in`Ry 6 e~yacI 9mta As`e _
iviv2 pya Rya .ca ivcar kr`e _ in` Ry9mta
sva R . Cya faydyac e in`Ry 6 e` e _
Ï _ samaijk kaya RcI AavD As`e _
iv´a$ya Rs .dwa Rt palk, im5, sLlagar [
wUimka bjav`e _
Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2
iv´a4I R iht ja epas`e _
8 _ iv´a$ya R . Cya wavna, ivcar, mte, kLpna smjUn
6 e` e _
shka-ya .na smjUn 6 e` e _ td \n uw UtI
[tra .na mdt kr`e _
Ñ _ v e; ec e inya ejn krav e _
AapLya wavna .vr iny .5` Asav e _ wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai`
ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn
wavink, xarIirk Aara e Gy ca .gle As`e _
vrIl iv´ai4 RnI .nI na e .divleLya p / itsadav=n Ase l9at y et e kI, sv Rc jIvn ka ExLy
ix9`acI AavXykta ix9ka .sa#I Aah e Ase iv´ai4 RnI .na va3le _
nmuna¡tI Ê : Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2 ka ExLyat smajaleq ka!~yacI p u!Il ¡tI idlI ha etI _
kagdavr m@ywagI t umc e nav ilha _ Tya wa evtI vt u R; ka!a _ Tyat sma2ankark s.b .2
ilha v vt u R;abah er Asma2ankark s.b .2 AsleLya VyKtIc e nav ilha _ n .tr Asma2ankark
VyKtIla vt u R;at 6 e~yasa#I kay krav e lag el t e ilha _
Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2 sma2ankark ha e~yasa#I iv´ai4 RnI .nI idl el e p /itsadatIl m ud \d e
kravyaCya babI :
VyKtIcI w Uimka smjUn 6 e` e _
[tra .bd \dl p /amai`k Aadr, [tra .cI ka;jI 6 e` e _
140
Aaple h et U kay? . AiwVyKtI Sp*3 As`e _
prSpra .m2Il jbabdarIca SvIkar kr`e _
Svt:bd \dl Aai` [tra .bd \dl vaStvvadI d <i*3ka en # ev` e _
prSpra .xI s.pkR inya ejn kr`e, s.p / e8` p /wavIp` e kr`e _
[tra .kD Un AapLya Ap e9a kay Aah e h e smjUn 6e` e _
[tra .Cya grj ep /ma` e, sa eyIp /ma` e Aaple kay R9mtecI 2a er` e lvcIk # ev` e _
d us-ya .na Aaple Mh``e bra ebr smjle kI nahI t e ja` Un 6 e` e _
nmuna¡tI Ë : Svy .A@yyn saihTyat in`Ry9mtecI VyaQya tyar kr~yacI v Ecairk ¡tI d e~yat
AalI ha etI _ iv´ai4 RnI .nI VyaQy etIl smaiv*3 kel el e m ud \d e p u! e idlel e Aah et _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _8 : in` Ry9mta VyaQy ekirta iv´ai4 RnI .nI idl el e p /itsad
VyaQy etIl Ap ei9t m ud \d e iv´ai4 RnI .nI smaiv*3
kel el e m ud \d e
smSya iniXct Aa e;q`e
maihtIca xa e2 6 e` e
iviv2 pya Rya .ca ivcar kr`e
pya Ryasa#I n Eitk Aa2ar 6 e` e
d UrgamI v nijkCya pir`ama .ca ivcar kr`e
ya e Gy ã Aya e Gy pir`ama .ca ivcar kr`e
jaStIt jaSt fayda d e`ara in`Ry 6 e` e
v e; eca ivcar Aai` mhTTv l9at 6 e` e
s.sa2na .ca kmIt kmI vapr k=n in`Ry 6 e` e
7a e3ya g3avr p /ya eg k=n n .tr in`Ry 6 e` e
p Uva Rn uwva2ar e in`Ry 6 e` e
pya Rya .c e m ULymapn k=n in`Ry 6 e` e
kay RvahIn .tr p /Ty9 pir`amkarktec e m ULymapn kr`e
jbabdarI 6 e` e
141
iv´ai4 RnI .nI kel eLya kahI VyaQya nm uNyadaql p u! e idLya Aah et _
É _ in` Ry 6 e` e Mh`je ya e Gy v Aya e Gy ya .ca ivcar k=n 0qadya ga e *3Ibabt AapLyala p3 el tI
w Uimka 6 e` e _
Ê _ piriS4tIca sva e Rta eprI tkR lav Un Tyavr ivcar k=n in*k8 R ka!`e Mh`je in`Ry ha ey _
Ë _ 0qadI ¡tI krtana itCya sva R .gaca ivcar k=n faydyaca ivcar invD`e Mh`je in`Ry
ha ey _
Ì _ AapLya swa evtalCya piriS4tIca Aai` AapLyatIl 9mteca ivcar k=n sv R xKyta .cI
maihtI im;v Un hvI tI ga e *3 sa@y kr~yasa#I iniXct kel el e mt Mh`je in`Ry 6 e` e _
5 _5 _Ë A@yapn kay R¢mas.b .2I iv´ai4 RnI ixi9ka .nI idlel e p /Tyawr` :
p /St ut s.xa e2nat wavI ix9ka .sa#I tyar kel eLya jIvn ka ExLy A@yapn kay R¢maCya
kay RvahIn .tr iv´ai4 RnI ixi9ka .nI idlel e p /Tyawr` ja` Un 6 e~yasa#I p /Tyawr` p /XnavlI tyar kelI _
TyacI cca R p /kr` Ë m@y e Ë _8 ya m ud \dyat kel elI Aah e _ p /Tyawr` p /XnavlI pirix*3 b-Ï m@y e
ja eDlelI Aah e _
iv´ai4 RnI ixi9ka .na jIvn ka ExLy ivksn A@yapn kay R¢mas.dwa Rt m uKt p /itsad d eta
yava yasa#I ja`Ivp Uv Rk m uKt AiwVyKtIla vav d e`ar e p /Xn d e}n p /itsad d e~yacI s.2I idlI _
Tyam u; e iv´ai4 RnI ixi9ka .Cya iviv2 kLpna, ivcar, d <i*3ka en s.xa e2kala smj~yas mdt zalI _
A@yapn kay R¢mas.b .2I iv´ai4 RnI ixi9ka .nI idleLya p /Tyawr`ac e g u`aTmk ivXle8` p u! e
sadr kel e Aah e _
142
p /Xn ¢ _É : jIvn ka ExLy kay R¢maca Aaxy na e .dva _
p /Xn ¢ _É Cya s.dwa Rt iv´ai4 RnI ix9ka .nI idlel e m uKt p / itsad p u!Il sar`It idle
Aah et _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _Ñ : jIvn ka ExLy ix9` kay R¢maCya Aaxyababt iv´ai4 RnI .c e p /itsad
p /Tyawr`atIl p El U iv´ai4 RnI .nI idlel e p / itsad p / itsad d e`a-ya
iv´ai4 RnI .cI s.Qya
Ü0kU` ÏÑ p EkIÝ
AaxyacI VyaPtI svRSpxI R ÏÑ
jIvnavXyk mULya .ca smav ex ÏÎ
ADc`I s.k3a .vr mat kr~yasa#I -
skaraTmk d<i*3ka en
Ï5
Sv-ivkasala mdt kr`ara Ï5
AaxyacI ma .D`I ¢mbd\2 v suSp*3 rcna Ï8
]dahr`a .ca smav ex ÏÊ
p Uv R inya e ijt, sh et uk tyar kel ela ÏÉ
mhTTvp U` R vaKy p /s .g, ¡tI ÎÉ
A4 Rinv Rcn :
iv´ai4 RnI .Cya mte jIvn ka ExLy A@yapn kay R¢maca Aaxy p Uv R inya e ijt, suSp*3 rcna
sh et uk Sv-ivkasala sahaYy kr`ara Aai` sv RSpxI R ha et e _
143
p /Xn ¢ _Ê : jIvn ka ExLy kay R¢macI v e; Aai` kalav2I
v e; Aai` kalav2I ya e Gy ha eta Ase ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .nI nm Ud kel e Aah e _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _ ÉÈ : jIvn ka ExLy ix9` kay R¢maca Aaxyababt iv´ai4 RnI .c e p /itsad
v e;-skaraTmk
p /itsad
p / itsad d e`a-ya
iv´ai4 RnI .cI s.Qya
nkaraTmk ã sUcnaTmk
p /itsad
p / itsad d e`a-ya
iv´ai4 RnI .cI s.Qya
Ü0kU` ÏÑ p EkIÝ
ya e Gy v e; ÏÏ savkax kam kr`a-ya
m ulI .m u; e v e; jada ha eta
Ê
kalav2I ya e Gy ÎÏ navINyp U` R t .5 e pd \2tI yamu; e
jada v e; hva ha eta
ÉÊ
satTyp U` Rta ÏÉ
su3 \3ya .ca ya e Gy
ivinya eg
ÏÉ
p /Ty ekIla srav ha e~yas Ap ura
kalav2I
8
A4 Rinv Rcn :
sar`I ¢ma .k 5 _ ÉÈ yac e inrI9` krtana Ase ja`vt e kI, v e; Aai` kalav2ICya babtIt
ÏÏ iv´ai4 RnI .na ya eGy Aai` p ur esa kalav2I ha eta Ase nm Ud kel el e Aah e _ pr .t u Tyat kahI
skaraTmk Aai` kahI sUcnaTmk Asa p / itsad idla Aah e _ skaraTmk p /itsadat v e; Aai`
kalav2I ya e Gy, satTyp U` Rta Aai` su3 \3ya .ca ya e Gy ivinya eg Asa p / itsad Aa!;Un Aala _ da en
iv´ai4 RnI ixi9ka .nI sUcnaTmk p /itsad idla Tyat savkax kam kr`a-ya m ulI .m u; e jada v e;
im;t ha eta _ tr navINyp U` R t .5 e, pd \2tI yam u; e p /Ty ekIla srav 6 e~yas Ap ura kalav2I Aah e _
Tyam u; e ta e Aa`qI va!iv~yacI iv´ai4 RnI .na AavXykta va3t ha etI _ yav=n jIvn ka ExLy
kay R¢mabd \dl Tya .na AavD inma R` zalI ha etI _ jIvn ka ExLyababt Ai2kai2k srav Vhava yasa#I
iv´ai4 RnI v e; jada Asava AxI sUcna kel elI idsUn y et e _
144
p /Xn ¢ _Ë : jIvn ka ExLy ix9` kay R¢matIl A@yyn A@yapn p /i¢ya ya p /Xnababt iv´ai4 RnInI
idleLya p / itsadac e g u`aTmk ivXle8` sar`It p u! e idle Aah e _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _ ÉÉ : jIvn ka ExLy ix9` kay R¢matIl A@yyn A@yapn p /i¢ya
A _¢ _ A@yyn-A@yapn p /i¢y ebabt iv´ai4 RnI .nI idlel e p / itsad p /itsada .cI s.Qya
Ü0kU` ÏÑ p EkIÝ
É sEd \2 . a itk v p /aTyi9k kaya Rca smNvy ã smta el ha eta _ ÏÑ
Ê vaprleLya pd \2tI, t .5 e yam@y e iviv2ta ha etI _ ]da _ yat
SWOT Analysis, SEAM, PMI, b uid \2m .4n,
cca R, w Uimkapaln, na3yIkr`, shakaya R Tmk A@yyn,
AiwkLp, p /s .gvacn
ÏÎ
Ë AiwVyKtIla vav idla _ ÏÎ
Ì b .2nivriht ã p /sNn ã mnma ek;e vatavr` inma R` kel e _ Ï5
5 Aa2uink t.5)anaca vapr kela _ Ï5
A4 Rinv Rcn :
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _ÉÉ v=n Ase l9at y et e kI, A@yyn A@yapn p /i¢y et sEd \2a . itk Aai`
p /aTyi9k kaya Rca smNvy smta el yababt ÏÑ Mh`je sv R iv´ai4 RnI .nI p / itsad na e .divla Aah e _
A@yyn-A@yapnasa#I iviv2 pd \2tI, t .5 e ya .ca vapr kela Aai` ta e iv´ai4 RnI .na AavDLyac e Tya .nI
nm Ud kel e _ nvIn pd \2tI, t .5 e yam u; e s.xa e2kac e A@yapn Tya .na AavDle yababt ÏÏ iv´ai4 RnI .nI
nm Ud kel e Aah e _ yat wUimkaiwny, b uid \2m .4n, na3yIkr`, cca R, qe;, Aiw=pta [ _ m u; e m uKt
AiwVyKtIla vav im;ala _ n ehmICya pd \2tIp e9a v eg;ya pd \2tIn e hstqe;t, ma ek;ya vatavr`at
A@yyn A@yapn p /i¢ya par paDLyac e iv´ai4 RnI .nI nm Ud kel e Aah e _
145
p /Xn ¢ _Ì : Svy .A@yyn p uiStkebabt t umca p / itsad na e .dva _ ya p /Xnala iv´ai4 RnI .nI idlela
p / itsad p u!Il sar`It idla Aah e _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _ ÉÊ : Svy .A@yyn p uiStkebabt idl el e p /itsad
A _¢ _ Svy .A@yyn p uiStka s.dwa RtIl iv´ai4 RnI .nI idlel e p / itsad p /itsada .cI s.Qya
Ü0kU` ÏÑ p EkIÝ
É ma .D`I – sus U5 p /wavI ma .D`I ÏÑ
Ê hata;ayla su3su3It ÏÌ
Ë ¡tI .m@y e iviv2ta - ic5, Aaleq, rcna ÏÌ
Ì ivcar ivinmy Aai` shkay R A@yynala s.2I ÏË
A4 Rinv Rcn :
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _ÉÊ v=n Ase l9at y et e kI, Svy .A@yyn p uiStkecI iv´ai4 RnI p / itsada .cI
suVyviS4t v p /wavI ma .D`I ha etI _ yala shkaya R Tmk A@yyn Aai` ivcar ivinmyala yat An ek
v e;a s.2I idlI hatI _ Tyam u; e 0kmekI .c e ivcar kLpna, mte, smj~yas mdt zalI Aai`
0kmekI .na mdt kr`e, smjUn 6 e` e Axa ca .gLya svyI Svy .A@yyn saihTyatIl ¡tI .m u; e lagLyac e
nm ud kel e Aah e _
p /Xn ¢ _5 : jIvn ka ExLy kay R¢m rabiv~yacI grj va3t e ka? Kar` kay? ya p /Xnala iv´ai4 RnI .nI
idlela p / itsad p u! e sar`It idla Aah e _
ha ey – ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .nI p / itsad idla Aah e _
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _ ÉË : iv´ai4 RnI .nI jIvn ka ExLy e kay R¢m rabiv~yacI grj ebabt idl el e p /itsad
A _¢ _ kay R¢m rabiv~yacI iv´ai4 RnI .Cya mte kar` e p / itsada .cI s.Qya
Ü0kU` ÏÑ p EkIÝ
É ta`t`av, Sp2a R Ï8
Ê smajatIl w/*3acar ÏÌ
Ë Ai2k skaraTmk d<i*3ka en +jiv~yasa#I ÏÊ
Ì jIvnatIl AaVhan e p el~yasa#I ÏÊ
146
A4 Rinv Rcn :
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _ÉË v=n Ase l9at y et e kI, sv Rc ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .na jIvn ka ExLy ix9`
kay R¢mac e p / ix9` idle paihj e Ase va3t e _ sv Rc iv´ai4 RnI .nI skaraTmk p /itsad idla Aah e _ Mh`je
Axa A@yapn kay R¢macI AavXykta sv Rc vya eg3asa#I Aah e AsehI Tya .nI yat nm Ud kel el e Aah e _
p /Xn ¢ _Î : jIvn ka ExLy kay R¢matIl sva Rt jaSt AavDlelI bab ka e`tI?
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _ ÉÌ : jIvn ka ExLy kay R¢matIl sva Rt jaSt AavDl eLya babI nm Ud krtana idl el e
p /itsad
A _¢ _ ka ExLy pd \2tI, t .5, ¡tI p / itsada .cI
s.Qya
Ü0kU` ÏÑ
p EkIÝ
É Svja`Iv SWOT Analysis ÏÑ
Ê td \n uw UtI AavDTya VyKtIxI t ulna,
p /s .gvacn, cca R, w Uimkapaln
ÏÑ
Ë p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLy qe;, Aiw=pta, na3yIkr`,
wUimkapaln
ÏÑ
Ì smSya inrakr` Aai`
sjRnxIl ivcar
b u id \2m .4n, PMI, SEAM ÏÎ
5 wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai`
ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn
Pair and Share,
wUimkapaln, cca R, sadrIkr`,
p /s .gna3y, Sla{D xa e _
ÏÊ
Î Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2 Aai`
td \n uw UtI
smajaleq, wUimkapaln, cca R ÏÊ
Ï in`Ry9mta Aai` sarasar
ivcar
p /s .gna3y, wUimkapaln, cca R,
sadrIkr`
ÎÉ
147
A4 Rinv Rcn :
sar`I ¢ _ 5 _ÉÌ c e inrI9` krtana Ase ja`vt e kI, Svja`Iv td \n uw UtI p /wavI s.p / e8`
ka ExLy hI tIn ka ExLy e sv R ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .nI AavDLyac e nm Ud kel e Aah e _ smSyainrakr` v
sjRnxIl ivcar ka ExLy AavD`ar e ÏÎ iv´ai4 RnInI wavnac e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn,
kel el e nahI _ Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2, yababt ÏÊ iv´ai4 RnI .nI AavDLyac e nm Ud kel e Aah e _ sarasar
ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta Hya ka ExLyababt sva Rt kmI Mh`je ÎÉ iv´ai4 RnI .nI p / itsad na e .divla
Aah e _ yav=n Ase Mh`tat y et e kI, Svja`Iv wavna .xI s.b . i2t Sv-inv ednpr, sadrIkr`aTmk
ka ExLya .babt iv´ai4 RnI .na jaSt AavD AsLyac e idsUn Aale _ Tya t uln et sarasar ivcar Aai`
in`Ry9mta kmI iv´ai4 RnI .na AavDlI _
p /Xn ¢ _Ï : jIvn ka ExLy ix9` kay R¢matIl n AavDlelI bab yabd \dl tumc e mt na e .dva?
yababt sv Rc ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .nI sv Rc babI AavDLyac e nmUd kel e Aah e _ 0khI nkaraTmk
p /itsad Aalela nahI _
p /Xn ¢ _8 : ya ix9` kay R¢maca t uMhala Svt:la d En . idn jIvnat fayda zala ka? AsLyas
ka e`ta?
ya p /Xnala sv R ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .nI ha ey Asa p / itsad na e .divla Aah e _
É _ Svja`Iv :
nVyan e Svt:Cya 9mta .cI g u`a .cI ja`Iv zalI _
AaTmivXvas va!la _
wavna .ca pir`am ja`~yacI 9mta inma R` zalI e _
stt ixk~yacI tyar va!lI _
[tra .xI jmv Un 6 e` e jmle _
Ê _ p /wavI s .p / e8` ka ExLy e :
p / ix9`an .tr mI
nm/t en e ba el` e jmte _
ca .gle A4Rp U` R s.wa8` kr`e jmte _
148
l9pUv Rk 0 ekt e _
mud \d e VyviS4t ma .Dt e, Sp*3 krt e _
swa2I3p`a Aala _
Ë _ smSyainrakr` :
iv´a$ya R .cI ADc`, smSya, p /Xn smjUn 6eta y e} lagle _
iv´a$ya R .na A@yynat mdt kr~yacI ja`Iv inma R` zalI _
[tra .na ADc` sa eDiv~yas mdt krt e _
smSy ebabt s.v ednxIlta va!lI _
Ì _ sj RnxIl ivcar :
stt nva ivcar kr`e _
nvIn ga e *3I ixkte, ixkivt e _
nvIn sa2n e, t .5 e, pd \2tI vaprt e _
A@yapnat nvIn y uKTya vaprt e _
5 _ sarasar ivcar :
vga Rt ixkiv~ya VyitirKt [tr kama .cI ja`Iv Aah e _
ya e Gy kay Aya e Gy kay yacI xhainxa krt e _
sva R .gan e ivcar ksa krava Aai` icikTsk mULymapn kse krav e h e k;le _
Î _ in` Ry9mta :
ya e Gy in`Ry 6 e~yacI 9mta inma R` zalI _
iviv2 pya Rya .ca ivcar krt e _
sva R . Cya faydyac e in`Ry 6 et e _
Ï _ Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2 :
samaijk kaya RcI AavD inma R` zalI _
iv´a$ya Rs .dwa Rt palk, im5, sLlagar [ _w U imka bjavt e _
iv´a4I R iht ja epast e _
vir*# ã kin*# shka-ya .xI s.b .2 ca .gle # evt e, Tya .cI ka;jI 6 et e _
8 _ td \n uw UtI :
iv´a$ya R . Cya wavna, ivcar, mte, kLpna smjUn 6et e _
149
shka-ya .na smjUn 6 et e _
[tra .na mdt krt e _
Ñ _ wavna .c e smaya ejn Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn :
wavna .c e iny .5` kr`e jmte _
v e; ec e inya ejn krt e _
wavink, xarIirk Aara e Gy ca .gle jpt e _
[tra .Cya wavna smjUn 6et e _
yav=n iv´ai4 RnI .na jIvn ka ExLya .c e Aakln zale _ Tyac e ]pya ejn Svt:m@y e Aai`
[tra .sa#I krIt Aah et Ase vrIl na e .dIv=n smjte _
p /Xn ¢ _Ñ : vrIl p /Xna .t Jya m ud \dya .ca smav ex zala nahI Ase kahI t uMhala sucvayc e Asel tr
t e ilha _
ya p /Xnababt sv Rc m ud \dya .ca smav ex zala Aah e _ Asa p / itsad sv R ÏÑ iv´ai4 RnI .nI
idla, pr .t u kahI ta . i5k m ud \dya .babt sUcna keLya Aah et, Tya p u!Ilp /ma` e _
kahI kay R¢ma .Cya v e;I 0lsIDI vaprla p` jr p /Ty ek v e;I 0lsIDI ca vapr kela Asta
tr Aaple A4k&m vacle Aste _
cac`Ibabt – sivStr ]Ttr e As`a-ya cac`ItIl p /Xn ikck3 k.3a;va` e ha et e _
p /XnavlI ic5my Asayla hvI ha etI Mh`je mja AalI AstI _
s.xa e2kababt mt A@yyn A@yapnat - ]Tsah, sus .vad, inya e ijt ya e Gy, smjUn 6 e~yacI
Aai` sa .g~yacI pd \2t ya e Gy _ iv´a$ya R .bd \dl t;m; _ Svt:m@y e jIvn ka ExLy e =jlelI
idslI _
5 _Î s.xa e2kacI inrI9`e :
p / ix9`aCya p / ar .wI Svy .A@yyn p uiStketIl p /s .gvacn, TyavrIl p /Xna .cI ]Ttr e ilih`e, m uKt
p /itsad d e`a-ya ¡tI kr`e, cca R sadrIkr`e, yasa#I iv´ai4 RnI .ca su=vatIla qUp v e;
jat ha eta _ v eg;a navINyp U` R ivcar kr~yacI Tya .na srav Aai` svyhI nVhtI _ su=vatIla
AgdI ma ek;ep`an e p / itsad idle nahIt _ ma5 ix9`at xev3I iv´ai4 RnI Tya sv R ¡tI .m@y e
150
p u!akar 6 e}n ma ek;ep`an e p / itsad d et Aai` 0qada v eg;a p / itsad Aala kI, 0kmekI .na
p / a e Tsahn Aai` p / e r`a d et _
wavna .xI s.b . i2t ka ExLy e Aai` Svinv ednavr ¡tI .m@y e iv´ai4 RnI .nI wrw=n p /itsad idla _
Svja`Iv, td \n uw UtI, wavna .c e Aai` ta`t`avac e VyvS4apn ya ka ExLyaCya sadrIkr`at,
wUimkapalnat AapLyala ka e`I hsel, nav e # evIl yaca ivcar n krta, ka e`TyahI wavna
n dDvta, qr eq ur e skaraTmk Aai` nkaraTmk AxI da eNhI p /karcI wavnaiwVyKtI idsUn
AalI _
p /wavI s.p / e8` ka ExLyatIl v EyiKtk Aai` sam Uihk ¡tI .m@y e iv´ai4 RnI p u!akar 6 e}n
sadrIkr` k= lagLya _ su=vatIla sam Uihk cce Rt, g3cce Rt [tr iv´ai4 RnI .c e Mh``e 0 ekt
nVhTya _ Tya .c e vaKy s.p~yap UvI Rc 6a{6a{n e Aaple Mh``e ma .Dt ha e Tya _ pr .t u n .tr ma5
l9pUv Rk 0 ek`e, Aaple Mh``e #amp`e ma .D` e, d us-ya .Cya Mh`~yaca A4R smjUn 6 et e Ase
p / itsad d e} lagLya _ su=vatIla iv´ai4 RnI .Cya [tr iv´ai4 RnI .xI shkay R Aai` Aa .tri¢ya
kmI ha e Tya _ Tya A@yapn kay R¢mat Un va!leLya idsLya _
td\n uw UtI Aai` Aa .trVyiKtk s.b .2 ka ExLyatIl A@yyn An uw UtIt tar e jmI .pr Aai` 7DI
lag e 7m7m Hya ic5p3a .tIl iv´a$ya R .xI Tya 0k=p zaLya ha e Tya _ Tyat Un iv´a$ya R .na smjUn
6 e` e, p / a eTsahn v p / e r`a d e` e yacI ja`Iv jag <t zalI _
]da _ tar e jmI .pr ya ic5p3atIl {xan AvS4I ya ivxe8 grja AsleLya pa5acI ADc`,
smSya Aai` d u :q ya .cI Tya .na p /k8a Rn e ja`Iv zalI _
Svy .A@yyn ¡tItIl p /Xn, ¡tI sa eDivtana sha@yayI iv´ai4 RnI .xI Tya ivcarivinmy cca R
krIt _ g Erhjr AsleLya sha@yayI m Ei5`Ila AadLya idvxIcI ¡tI smjav Un sa .gt _
g3a .tg Rt ¡tI, cca R sadrIkr`, wUimkapaln, [ _ ¡tI .t Un iv´ai4 RnI .ca p u!akar, shwag
Aai` AaTmivXvas va!lela idsla _
smSya inrakr`, sjRnxIl ivcar, sarasar ivcar Aai` in`Ry9mta ya ka ExLy A@yyn
An uw UtI .Cya v e;I iv´ai4 RnI .na su=vatIla ya ka ExLya .Cya 63ka .n usar ¡tI keLya nahIt _
pr .t u n .tr ma5 Tya Tya ka ExLyaCya Sv=pan usar pay-yan usar ¡tI keLya _ ]da _ b u id \2m .4n
t .5aca vapr k=n v egv eg;ya kLpna ma .DLya _ tr, PMI, SEAM ya t .5aca vapr k=n
smSyainrakr`atIl ¡tI Tya Tya 3Ppyan usar keLya _ su=vatIla vrvr mt, in`Ry kr`a-ya
iv´ai4 RnI n .tr icikTsk ivcar k= lagLya Aai` vaStvt ec e wan Aalel e ja`vle _
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tumc e )an tpasa ya sdraqalIl Sva@yayasa#I iv´ai4 RnI Svy .A@yyn saihTyac e l9pUv Rk,
barka{n e vacn krIt Aai` Ai2k sqa el maihtI 6 et _ yav e;I Tya .cI ij)asa, AavD,
]Tsukta va!lelI ja`vlI _