plants guide

PlANT guIDE

A growing success...

Publisher:Tropica Aquarium Plants Mejlbyvej 200 DK-8250 Egaa Denmark Tel. +45 86220566 Fax +45 86228466 E-mail: [email protected] www.tropica.com

layout and text:envision Christiansgade 30 DK-8100 Aarhus C Denmark

Photos delivered by:Jan Ole Pedersen Claus Christensen Ole Pedersen Christel Kasselmann Oliver Knott Eu It Hai Olaf Deters Martin Rask Thomsen george Farmer

Water colour illustrations:Verner Hancke Kirsten Hjrne Kirsten Tind

Printing:Scanprint A/S All rights reserved

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Illustration: Staurogyne repens

Habitat for Staurogyne repens

Discovering new plants for the aquariumit is tropicas aim to continuously contribute new planting opportunities for the aquarium hobby. thats how it has been since 1970 and how it will continue into the future. one of our latest successes has been the introduction of Staurogyne repens that was found in the rio amazonas, Brazil (little picture). Staurogyne can be attached to stones and roots or it can form a dense carpet in the foreground of the aquarium. it can also form a compact cushion growth, as shown in the picture. the use of watercolours in the diagrams helps to reproduce an accurate representation of how the plant appears in the aquarium in terms of colour and texture. this plant guide contains an extensive list of interesting plants that will provide you with both inspiration and advice for how to get the best experiences possible for this wonderful hobby. read and enjoy!

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welcome to tropicawith this guide we would like to give you the best possible opportunities for getting the most from your aquariums. we know that the inspiration and desire to take up this great hobby often starts from a beautiful aquarium that you have witnessed; perhaps at a friends home, in a magazine, website, or at an aquatic retailer. unfortunately, we also know that many new aquarium owners will give up this hobby; sometimes after only six to twelve months. so, why is this? even if you are an experienced hobbyist it can be difficult to select and purchase the appropriate equipment required for your aquarium. in many aquatic retailers you will often find an overwhelming choice of aquariums, fish, plants, lighting options, substrates/gravel, liquid fertilizers, co2 units and filters. this guide will help you to identify your specific needs, but it is also important to consult with a retailer that has appropriate experience in planted aquariums. through this publication we will assist you in ensuring a successful start. we highlight the fundamental conditions that you must be aware of whether you are a beginner or an experienced aquarist. You will find this guide focusing mainly on aquarium plants. these plants have been produced by dedicated and experienced professionals who every day ensure you receive the best possible quality products and advice. please visit our website, www.tropica.com where you can gain further inspiration and information. we wish you a very successful start and long-term success with your hobby! Yours faithfully, lars green managing Director

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contentlet the Dream Become realitY examples of layouts introDuction to tropicas proDuct range pots and Xls aquaDecor plants grown on wood and lavastone mosses plenty of opportunities floating plants another perspective Bunched plants easy and fast planting Bulbs the joy of expectations plants from a-Z tropicas aBc Before you start tips and tricks for planting and growing algae growth can be limited by simple methods tropica aquacare inDeX page 6 page 7 page 12 page 13 page 14 page 16 page 17 page 18 page 19 page 20 page 87 page 88 page 90 page 94 page 96 page 98

Illustration: Azolla caroliniana

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let the Dream Become realitYthrough inspiration and advice tropica will help you to get started on the right path. on the following five pages you will find five different layouts: the classic layout, the starter layout, the childrens aquarium, the nano aquarium and finally an example of a high-impact and colourful layout. each layout is detailed and you will see the list of the plants in the aquarium and a layout plan (the number of pots used are indicated in parentheses). visit www.tropica.com for more photos, layouts and information. relevant information concerning difficulty and technical equipment will also be discussed. this information is also available on our website. the above issues are meant as a guideline to help you get the best possible start with your aquarium, but it is also to help you maintain your interest in this hobby!

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Photo: Oliver Knott

The ClassiC layouTan example of an aquarium that will fit in several settings: The living room, the kitchen or in your office. This layout is classic because of its island composition. The foreground is a thriving carpet of Lilaeopsis and the colorful Rosanervig is the focal point of the aquarium. By planting Anubias and Cryptocoryne in the middle of the aquarium will create a contrast of dark green to the bright green carpet and the colorful Rosanervig. Java moss attached to wood will create both depth and maturity. The composition of plants provides a fine balance between fast growing plants (they take up nutrient and reduce algae growth) and slow growing plants that require less maintaining. Tip! Rosanervig is an undemanding plant. Nesaea crassicaulis or Rotala rotundifolia are suitable alternatives as easy and coloured plants.

DifficultY some eXperience

volume 128 l

Dimensions 80 x 40 x 40 cm

light 2 x 24 w (t5)

co2 20 mg/l

time/week 1 hour

Plant List a G B G a a B C D e h e G G e e h F h C D e F G h Ceratopteris thalictroides (x 2) Hygrophila polysperma rosanervig (x 1) Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia 1705 (x 1) Anubias barteri coffeefolia (x 1) Anubias barteri var. nana (x 4) Cryptocoryne becketti petchii (x 1) Lilaeopsis brasiliensis (x 5) Taxiphyllum barbieri (vesicularia) (x 1)

Result 55 days after set-up a a

B

h D h c

e

f

e

g

g

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The sTaRTeR layouTin most pet shops its easy to find a starter aquarium kit. it is a complete set containing aquarium, light, heater and filter. Most beginners would like a thriving aquarium with bold colours and a large number of fish. however, experience shows that a starter kit often provides low lighting levels so there are only few plants suitable to this type of aquarium. We have for this set-up chosen standard plants only! Microsorum and Cryptocoryne are both slow growing and Echinodorus and Vallisneria to create volume in the aquarium. Limnophila is centrally planted, right under the light and is an example of a plant that grows fast and which helps creating a good balance in the aquarium. Tip! By using aquaDecor products with plants like Microsorum and Anubias for the set-up, the aquarium will look more adapted from the start. These products require less light and they are already well established on root or lavastone.

DifficultY easY

volume 54 l


light 15 w (t8)

co2 ingen

time/week 0.5 hour

a

B

C

Plant List a B C D Echinodorus bleheri (bleherae) (x 1) Limnophila sessiliflora (x 1) Vallisneria americana (natans) (x 1) Cryptocoryne wendtii tropica (x 1) Microsorum pteropus windelv (x 1) Cryptocoryne parva (x 1)

D

e

e F F

Result 48 days after set-up

c

a

B e D

f

8

The ChilDRens aquaRiuMsome of the main considerations when planting the childrens aquarium are colours, impact and action. We have chosen a dinosaur/ animal layout for this set-up, but you can find a large selection of ornaments at your local shop such as pirates, castles, treasure chests, sunken ships etc. in order to ensure the correct balance in the childrens aquarium you will definitely need plants! The number of plants must be adjusted to the number of fish. it should be plants that easily adapt to the environment and that help the water to stay clean and algae free. Below we have listed a selection of both fast and slow growing species that are all good starter plants. Tip! Buy livebearing fish for the childrens aquarium such as guppies and platies. They are hardy, brightly coloured and breed frequently. They also eat algae. ask your local dealer for further information.

DifficultY easY

volume 112 l


light 2 x 18 w (t8)

co2 none

time/week 0.5 hour

Plant list C a B a B C D e F e F Echinodorus bleheri (bleherae) (x 1) Ludwigia repens rubin (x 1) Microsorum pteropus (x 1) Microsorum pteropus windelv (x 1) Anubias barteri var. nana (x 4) Taxiphyllum barbieri (vesicularia) (x 2)

F

D


a

c

f f B e

D

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The nano aquaRiuMover the last few years nano aquariums have become very popular. Partly because they fit well into the modern familys way of living and also because the use of different mosses and shrimps are a growing trend. This layout is more advanced and requires both good light and Co2. Three different foreground plants have been used for this layout. all with different leaf shapes. Hemianthus with its millimeter-sized small leaves that capture tiny oxygen bubbles, Staurogyne with slightly bigger leaves and a creeping growth, and finally Pogostemon that creates dense, curly leaves. Behind the stony soil a Heteranthera contribute with plumpness and vigor. Many plants are suitable for the nano aquariums and especially mosses are popular! Most plant types are suitable but frequently cutting is a must if using taller and fast growing plants. Tip! small algae-eating fish and shrimps, frequent water change and regular care are important elements to maintain an optimal water quality in your nano aquarium. DifficultY eXperienceD volume 12 l Dimensions 30 x 20 x 20 cm light 24 w (t5) co2 25 mg/l time/week 1 hour

D

Plant List a a C B C D Staurogyne repens (x 2) Pogostemon helferi (x 2) Hemianthus callitrichoides cuba (x 4) Heteranthera zosterifolia (x 1)

a

B B B B C

C

C


D

a c

B

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The shoW aquaRiuMThe aquarium for plant lovers! This aquarium contains a large number of plants, its colourful, contains new plants and has an impressing layout with rocks and spider-like roots. We show with this layout how transitions can be made entirely from low foreground plants to rock formations and how to create a wedge between the rocks by using medium high plants. We use Vallisneria as an easy carpet in the background. space is created for the Echinodorus ozelot that may be the most beautiful, coloured Echinodorus in the aquarium. Christmas moss has been attached to the roots and helps to creating depth and a sense of maturity in the aquarium. Tip! Carpets of foreground plants help to maintain a good balance in the aquarium and need to be maintained regularly. There are many suitable species; Eleocharis, Lilaeopsis, Echinodorus tenellus the list is long!

DifficultY eXperienceD

volume 297 l


light 4 x 54 w (t5)

co2 25 mg/l

time/week 1-2 hours

a

B

C

a

Plant List a B Vallisneria nana (x 8) Echinodorus ozelot (x 1) Lindernia rotundifolia (x 2) Cryptocoryne wendtii brown (x 2) Staurogyne repens (x 3) Pogostemon erectus (x 3) Hemianthus callitrichoides cuba (x 1) Eleocharis parvula (x 10) Vesicularia dubyana christmas (x 1)

i

i

F

e

D

C D

D e h

h h

F G

e F G h i

Result 55 days after set-up B a

a

i

c

i

f e h

g

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inTRoDuCTion To TRoPiCas PRoDuCT RanGeon the following eight pages we will introduce to you our range of high quality products. These different groups will help you to understand the extensive possibilities you will have when selecting these plants, whilst also providing a source of inspiration. The product groups are being divided into pots, Xl-plants, aquaDecor products, mosses, floating plants, bunches and bulbs. The alphabetical index on page 98 list all plant varieties, all marked with rate of difficulty, and an index on page 99 has divided all plants into product groups.

Hygrophila polysperma Rosanervig Dense and bushy stem plant White and pink marbled leaves Adapts to most environments

Glossostigma elatinoides Attractive and challenging foreground plant Compact and vigorous growth Require intensive light

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Nesaea pedicellata Colourful and easy stem plant Addition of CO2 to achieve intense colour Suitable for middleground

Limnophila sessiliflora Attractive and fast growing stem plant Develop a dense and bushy growth Good starter plant

PoTsTropica have a great selection of pots. The demands of the plants vary from easy to difficult, and this also can affect the price. We ensure good quality by ensuring a great deal of plant material is in each pot. every potted plant can de divided into several smaller portions for planting. Furthermore, we can guarantee healthy and well-developed roots in all plants. XL when its the size you require some of our pots are also available as Xl-plants if you ever need fully grown plants for your aquarium. Xl-plants are more sturdy and are suitable for Cichlid aquariums. XL and pot

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aquaDeCoR PlanTs GRoWn on WooD anD lavasToneaquaDecor products are a range of plants taking root on bogwood or lavastone. Plants that grow directly on wood and stone will be far more hardy than plants growing in pots. The aquaDecor products gives you a variety of applications. you can create an aquarium that looks mature from the very start. For aquariums with fishes that are hard on plants both Microsorum and Anubias (hardy plants) are recommendable.

AquaDecor for creating life-like landscapes: Products that create depth in the aquarium An easy and fast way to achieve the result Hardy plants that adapt easily

AquaDecor with Anubias and Microsorum for Cichlids: Cichlids rake up the bottom of the aquarium Cichlids eat off the plants Hardy plants that adapt easily

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AquaDecor is available with suction caps Create hiding places for the fish Create depth in the aquarium Can hang both on the side and on the back of the wall in the aquarium

AquaDecor Sizes Roots approx. length: nano ( 7-10 cm) small (12-25 cm) large (30-40 cm) Lavastone approx. sizes: small ( 7-15 cm) large (20-30 cm)

Microsorum pteropus Windelv photo: Jan Ole Pedersen

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Mosses PlenTy oF oPPoRTuniTies!Moss is available in a large number of varieties, and has become more popular over the last few years. The moss is normally sold as portions and it has many various possibilities for planting. a common aspect for mosses is that they should be attached to wood or stone. Tip! To avoid or minimize algae growth you should have a large number of algae-eating shrimps, fishes and snails in the aquarium. it is also recommended to put some floating plants when you start up the aquarium. Floating plants will take up the nutrient until the aquarium obtains a good balance and the mosses are growing willingly.

Attaching mosses to driftwood with sewing thread: Can be attached to all kind of decoration materials Must be pruned frequently to maintain shape See index p. 99 and Plants A-Z for species

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Taxiphyllum barbieri (Vesicularia) photo: George Farmer

Ceratopteris thalictroides A potted plant that is suitable also as a floating plant Develop very decorative roots Fast growing and take nutrient

Limnobium laevigatum Most decorative floating plants Creates shadow and hidings for surface fish See index p. 99 and Plants from A-Z for more floating plants

FloaTinG PlanTs anoTheR PeRsPeCTive!Floating plants are normally sold as portions, in the same way as Tropicas mosses. They are fast growing, rapidly take up nutrients and help to create shade. These plants are therefore ideal to help reduce algae growth during the start-up of the aquarium. Their decorative roots make a good hiding place for breeding fish and their fry.

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BunCheD PlanTs easy anD FasT PlanTinG!Bunched plants are mainly stem plants without roots. The most common bunched plants like Egeria, Cabomba and Vallisneria are all easy plants that quickly develop roots in their bottom layer. Most bunched plants are fast growing and are therefore suitable for the start up of your aquarium. They also take up nutrition rapidly and minimise algae growth. Tip! Make sure not to plant stems too close knowing that the types are fast growing. Re-plant runners and new stems as well as top shoots.

Egeria densa Popular bunched plant Fast growing Undemanding

Vallisneria natans Easy and steady starter plant Suitable for planting in the corners behind in the aquarium

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Nymphea lotus (zenkeri) Beautiful and popular bulb plant Numerous green and red colours Good light increases colour intensity

Aponogeton bulbs Bulbs have many forms Leaves can be curled, wavy or thick The plants are vigorous and decorative

BulBs The Joy oF eXPeCTaTions!Plants like Aponogeton and Nymphea when under water produce new shoot from the bulb. When planting the bulb in the bottom of the aquarium make sure that the shoots wont be covered as they will then rot. Bulb plants are recommended as solitary plants as they are fast growing and takes up a lot of space in the aquarium. Tip! When you buy bulbs make sure that they have a healthy shoot. When planting it into the bottom of the aquarium only the bulb itself must be covered in the gravel. The shoot must be on the surface of the gravel.

Nymphea lotus (zenkeri) photo: Claus Christensen

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plants from a-Zto help you get started with the understanding of the plant species and varieties, we will explain how to read the plant diagrams. Below you will see an example of a plant diagram with all relevant information and numbers referring to the list below. further information is available on www.tropica.com

nesaea crassicaulis

1price group: pot 5

033BfamilY: lythraceae africa 30 - 50 cm 8 - 15+ cm 22 - 28c 1 - 13 dh 5.5 - 8.5 a

2 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12

3

6

origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

light: growth rate: DemanDs:

low slow easY

high fast Difficult

13 14 15 16

Nesaea crassicaulis is a beautiful and highly recommended aquarium plant, although it has high demands for light. it has red-brown, cognac-coloured leaves. grows best in soft and slightly acidic water. make sure the lower leaves get sufficient light, otherwise they will die off. this plant is similar to Ammannia species and is often mistaken for them. But in the aquarium it can be recognised by its yellow-green stems. easy to propagate by side shoots or cuttings, which can be cut off and planted in the bottom.

1 the plants latin name 2 tropicas order number 3 hand painted water colour illustration 4 varieties and price groups (see the section for product range) 5 name of the plant family

6 picture of sales pot 7 area of origin where the plant is most widespread 8 plant height/width average size after 2 months in the aquarium 9 temperature range tolerated by the plant 10 gh (water hardness) medium hardness is gh 5-10 dh 11 ph tolerance neutral ph is 6.5-7.5

www.tropica.com

5

(!7AD24J-addcai!crassicaulis

12 the letter refers to the tips & tricks diagram on page 90 for plantation and maintenance 13 light conditions medium requirement referred to as 0.5 watt/l 14 growth rate 15 plants demands. each plant is marked with a colour spot that indicates the growing conditions required: green = easy, Yellow = medium, red = difficult

8-15+cm l B Slow Easy Fast Difficult

Nesaea

Africa 22-28C pH: 5.5-8.5 GH: 1-14dH

30-50 cm

033B POT

16 how the plant looks after it has adapted to the conditions of the aquarium.

CTRP02 5_B.pd x105m f m

www.tropica.com

20220032 79C

CTRP02 5_F.pdf x105m m

alternanthera reineckii 'pink' (roseafolia)price group: pot 5, BDt 3, Xl 9 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

023amaranthaceae south america 25 - 50 cm 10 - 15 cm 17 - 28c 4 - 20 dh 5-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

the purple colour underneath Alternanthera reineckii pink leaves provides an effective contrast to the many green plants in an aquarium - particularly when planted in groups. good light encourages the leaves to turn red. easy to propagate by nipping off the terminal bud and planting it in the bottom. this also makes the mother plant more bushy, because more side shoots are formed.

alternanthera reineckii 'purple' (lilacina)price group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

023Bamaranthaceae south america 15 - 40 cm 10 - 15 cm 17 - 28c 4 - 13 dh 5-7 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Alternanthera reineckii purple needs plenty of light to grow and form dark-red leaves. in open aquariums it grows willingly up through the surface, and like other difficult plants growth improves considerably if co2 is added. shortage of micronutrients results in pale leaves. like other stem plants Alternanthera reineckii purple is best in groups.

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anubias barteri var. angustifoliaprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

101caraceae west africa 10 - 15+ cm 10 - 15+ cm 20 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 D


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Anubias barteri var. angustifolia is a beautiful plant with long, narrow leaves. Anubias barteri var. angustifolia used to be sold as Anubias afzelii, but the latter is actually a much larger species. it is grown in the same conditions as Anubias barteri var. nana. it is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

anubias barteri var. barteriprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

101aaraceae west africa 25 - 45 cm 10 - 15+ cm 20 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5.5 - 8 D


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Anubias barteri var. barteri is an undemanding plant. it grows somewhat larger than Anubias barteri var. nana but is grown in the same conditions. Anubias barteri varies considerably in terms of size and leaf shape. like other Anubias-species, it is best planted in a shady spot to restrict algae growth on the leaves. it is also suitable for terrariums and aquaterrariums. herbivorous fish do not eat the very tough and robust leaves.

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anubias barteri var. caladiifolia ''1705''price group: pot 8, Xl 12 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

101uaraceae cultivar 7 - 30+ cm 10 - 15+ cm 20 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 D


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia 1705 is also simply called 1705 (the number used by an australian tissue propagation laboratory). it is a very beautiful variety with heartshaped leaves. the leaves live for several years, so Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia can easily form large groups despite its slow growth. a group of Anubias barteri var. caladiifolia growing more than 50 cm wide in a few years is not unusual.

anubias barteri ''coffeefolia''price group: pot 9 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

101garaceae cultivar 15 - 25 cm 10 - 15+ cm 20 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5.5 - 8 D


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Anubias barteri coffeefolia is a very beautiful, low variety of Anubias barteri. it is characteristic that the leaves arch considerably between the leaf ribs, and the new leaves are red-brown. the colour combination and leaf shape make it an attractive variety in both large and small aquariums. it flowers frequently under water but does not produce seeds there. Anubias-species seem to grow so slowly that they do not realise that they have been submerged. it is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

anubias barteri var. caladiifolia ''1705'' 101u 23

anubias barteri var. nanaprice group: pot 8, aquaDecor familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe: araceae

101

cameroun 5 - 15 cm 8 - 12+ cm 20 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5.5 - 8 D


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Anubias barteri var. nana is a small, attractive plant which thrives in all conditions. it grows slowly, and the leaves survive for several years, giving slow-growing algae the chance to become established. the best result is achieved by planting on a stone or tree root. fishing line can be used to attach the plant until it gains a hold. if planted on the bottom the rhizome must not be covered because it tends to rot. it flowers frequently under water. it is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

aponogeton boivinianusprice group: pot 9, kn 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

088aponogetonaceae madagascar 30 - 60+ cm 20 - 30+ cm 16 - 30c 9 - 20 dh 6-8 c


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Aponogeton boivinianus is a large, strong plant which is only suitable for large aquariums. in favourable conditions it can form very large leaves (up to 80 cm long and 8 cm wide). the oldest leaves are deep dark-green, while younger leaves are light-green and sometimes brownish until they are fully developed. in the wild Aponogeton boivinianus is found in fast-flowing water, and it prefers some flow in the aquarium water. it needs a dormant period when the root does not produce leaves.

anubias barteri var. nana 101

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DiD you know Tropica was the first to introduce the Anubias barteri var. nana back in 1973-74 to the world market. Anubias barteri var. nana originates from Cameroon in africa, and was brought to Denmark by the 2. Galathea-expedition (1950-52). in 1969 Tropicas founder, holger Windelv, found it in an aquarium shop in Copenhagen. The price was back then settled per leaf! With the assistance from an english company they managed to propagate the plant and to launch the plant in larger quantities.

!

The Galathea-expedition discovered the Anubias barteri var. nana by the foot of Mount Cameroon.

A section from a map of Africa

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aponogeton crispusprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

083aponogetonaceae sri lanka 25 - 50 cm 15 - 30 cm 15 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 c


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Aponogeton crispus looks good in any aquarium with its light-green, transparent leaves. it makes few demands, although growth is always best in soft, slightly acidic water with a nutritious bottom. in such conditions the plant produces a mass of leaves, and it flowers very frequently in optimum conditions. Aponogeton crispus is generally found in ponds that are only filled with water in the rainy season, but it does not need a dormant period in the aquarium.

aponogeton longiplumulosusprice group: pot 9, kn 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

089Daponogetonaceae madagascar 35 - 60 cm 25 - 50 cm 18 - 30c 1 - 13 dh 5.5 - 8 c


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Aponogeton longiplumulosus has large, fluted leaves, making it a wonderful plant which can be recommended for large aquariums. it is relatively undemanding, and makes no special demands on water quality. it also flowers frequently, making it a beautiful addition to any large open aquarium. it stops growing at regular intervals, but normally starts again after a few weeks of dormancy.

aponogeton crispus

083

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aponogeton madagascariensisprice group: pot 9, kn 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

089aponogetonaceae madagascar 25 - 50+ cm 25 - 30+ cm 15 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5 - 7.5 c


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Aponogeton madagascariensis is a speciality in botanical gardens all over the world. Aponogeton madagascariensis makes such high demands on water quality and the bottom that it can only be recommended as a solitary plant in large, specialised aquariums in which the water is replaced frequently. there are several varieties, with different structures and leaf widths.

aponogeton ulvaceusprice group: pot 9, kn 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

086aponogetonaceae madagascar 30 - 50+ cm 30 - 35 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 c


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Aponogeton ulvaceus is one of the most beautiful species in the Aponogeton-family. the leaves are delicate light-green and transparent with fluted margin. a single root can produce more than 40 leaves. this means that the plant is best as a solitary plant in large aquariums. it is relatively tolerant, and thrives in both soft and hard water, particularly if co2 is added. there are many varieties of Aponogeton ulvaceus, some of which need a dormant period when the root does not produce leaves.

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azolla carolinianaprice group: por 6 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

013azollaceae north america 1 - 2 cm 5 - 10+ cm 5 - 26c 1 - 20 dh 6-8 J


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Azolla caroliniana is a small floating fern housing blue-green algae in its leaves. these algae are capable of absorbing nitrogen from the air, which can then be used by the plant. Azolla caroliniana is used as nitrogen fertiliser in rice paddies, and as animal feed. there are several related varieties on the market, with similar appearance. a decorative plant for open aquariums.

Bacopa australisprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

043ascrophulariaceae Brazil 7 - 30 cm 2 - 4+ cm 15 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 6-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Bacopa australis was discovered in southern Brazil (australis = southern), and it does not come from australia, as might otherwise be assumed from its name. like the other Bacopa-species, Bacopa australis is also easy to grow in an aquarium. under certain conditions it creeps across the bottom to form an elegantly decorative light green cushion. when Bacopa australis grows in a good light, the leaves become reddish. it is easily propagated by taking side shoots and planting them in the substrate.

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Bacopa carolinianaprice group: pot 5, Xl 9, BDt 3 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

043scrophulariaceae usa 10 - 30+ cm 3 - 10+ cm 15 - 28c 4 - 20 dh 5-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Bacopa caroliniana has been used as an aquarium plant for many years. apart from relatively good light it makes few demands. its slow growth rate makes it one of the few stem plants that do not need much attention. like most stem plants, it is most decorative when planted in small groups. easy to propagate by cuttings; take a side shoot and plant it in the bottom.

Bacopa monnieriprice group: pot 4 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

044scrophulariaceae pan tropic 25 - 50 cm 8 - 15+ cm 15 - 30c 4 - 30 dh 6-9 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Bacopa monnieri is an easy and highly recommended plant which thrives in almost all conditions. it is a plant which is suitable for the hard water found in many european aquariums. propagate by cuttings; take a side shoot or terminal bud and plant it in the bottom. most beautiful when a great number of shoots are planted in a group.

29

Bolbitis heudelotiiprice group: pot 8, Xl 11, aquaDecor familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

006lomariopsidaceae west africa 15 - 40 cm 15 - 25+ cm 20 - 28c 1 - 13 dh 5-7 D


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

a water fern with very beautiful transparent green leaves. when planting do not cover the rhizome because it will rot, and it is best to plant Bolbitis heudelotii on a root or stone. keep the plant in position with fishing line until it has gained a hold. easy to propagate by splitting the horizontal rhizome. growth can be increased considerably by supplying co2, and is only optimal in soft, slightly acidic water.

cabomba carolinianaprice group: BDt 3 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

015cabombaceae south america 30 - 80+ cm 5 - 8+ cm 18 - 26c 4 - 20 dh 4-7 B


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

a very popular aquarium plant owing to its beautiful foliage. the least demanding of the Cabomba-species, but still causes problems in poorly lit aquariums. if there is not sufficient light, try Limnophila sessiliflora, which requires less light. most decorative when planted in groups. eaten locally as a vegetable.

30

cardamine lyrataprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

024Brassicaceae Japan 20 - 50 cm 15 - 30 cm 15 - 24c 4 - 20 dh 6-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Cardamine lyrata is actually a marsh plant. But it is also a familiar aquarium plant which thrives under water. a characteristic trailing growth form makes it highly decorative, and water roots often form on the plant itself. plant in groups, and make sure the water temperature does not exceed 28 degrees for long (this makes the leaves much smaller and the plant more leggy). also suitable in garden ponds in the summer.

ceratophyllum demersum 'foxtail'price group: por 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

021aceratophyllaceae cosmopolitan 5 - 80+ cm 5 - 15+ cm 10 - 28c 4 - 30 dh 6-9 J


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Ceratophyllum demersum foxtail was found in a smaller tributary in Bolivia during an expedition to rio guapore, a boundary river between Brazil and Bolivia. Ceratophyllum has no roots as such, but it can still be planted in the bottom of an aquarium. foxtail differs because its leaves are closer together and it has lateral shoots, which gives it an attractive, compact appearance. the plant also distinguishes itself because it is hardier and its stalks do not break as easily as those of other Ceratophyllum-varieties.

31

ceratopteris thalictroidesprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

005apteridaceae pan tropic 15 - 30 cm 10 - 20 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 30 dh 5-9 m


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

this plant normally grows fast, but the addition of co2 may be necessary to promote growth. in small open aquariums it can grow out of the aquarium and form beautiful surface leaves. the finely branched leaves are very decorative and provide good contrast to other leaf shapes. in good light Ceratopteris thalictroides grows fast and helps prevent algae by consuming large amounts of nutrients. this makes it a good starter plant in small aquariums.

cladophora aegagrophilaprice group: stk 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

000ccladophoraceae cosmopolitan 3 - 10 cm 3 - 10 cm 5 - 28c 9 - 30 dh 6 - 8.5 m


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Cladophora aegagrophila is not really a plant, but a ball of algae, so it is a decorative exception from the rule about avoiding algae at all costs. it is normally found in shallow lakes, where the movement of the waves forms it into a sphere. in an aquarium it must be turned regularly to keep it in shape. Cladophora aegagrophila can be divided into smaller pieces, which become spherical with time, or which form a carpet, if attached to roots and stones. protected in parts of Japan.

32

DiD you know it is Tropicas aim to produce plants of the best possible quality but also with the lowest possible use of resources! in 2007 Tropica built entirely new and state-of-the-art production facilities that made it possible to optimise the consumption of energy, reduce the use of water, fertilizer and chemicals. Tropica has the MPs certificate in international standard that proves that we are dedicated to reducing resource consumption continuously. as an example all rainwater is being gathered from the roof of the nursery. The surface covers 11,000 m2 and conducts the water into a 1,400 m3 tank that supplies the nursery with water. all rainwater is being recycled.

!

Watertank (1,400 m3)

Tropicas roof surface is 11,000 m2

Watering of a production platform with Samolus valerandi

33

crinum calamistratumprice group: pot 9, Xl 13 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

094aamaryllidaceae west africa 40 - 120 cm 20 - 30 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 l


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Crinum calamistratum is a very graceful bulbous plant with dark-green, very narrow leaves. it forms smaller bulbs than the other Crinum-species, and demands more light. in the aquarium plants that are thriving form a number of small bulbs. it is not eaten by herbivorous fish. it can also be used in brackish aquariums with low salt concentrations.

crinum natansprice group: pot 9, Xl 13 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

094amaryllidaceae west africa 50 - 150 cm 20 - 30 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 l


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Crinum natans is a very beautiful and graceful bulbous plant with dark-green leaves. plant so the top 2/3 of the bulb is visible. when the plant grows older (if it is thriving) it sometimes forms small bulbs and sends a flower stem up to the water surface with a beautiful and aromatic lily flower. the plant varies considerably in leaf width and the shape of the leaf margin. it is also suitable for indoor ponds, and is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

34

crinum thaianumprice group: pot 8, Xl 10 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

093amaryllidaceae thailand 60 - 200+ cm 20 - 25 cm 18 - 28c 1 - 30 dh 5.5 - 8 l


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Crinum thaianum is a distinctive bulbous plant belonging to the lily family. it is undemanding apart from the fact that it needs plenty of space. plant so the top 2/3 of the bulb is visible, because otherwise the bulb tends to rot. when the plant grows older it sometimes sends a flower stem up to the water surface with an aromatic, elegant lily flower. herbivorous fish leave it alone due to its tough leaves. in thailand the bulb is used in a cream used to soften the skin. it is also suitable for indoor ponds.

cryptocoryne beckettii ''petchii''price group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

108aaraceae sri lanka 10 - 15 cm 8 - 15 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 f


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Cryptocoryne beckettii petchii is a small variety of Cryptocoryne beckettii, which has beautiful, slightly fluted leaf margins. like many other cryptocorynes, the leaf colour and shape depends largely on environmental conditions in the aquarium. see other cryptocorynes for further information.

35

cryptocoryne crispatula var. balansaeprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe: araceae thailand

125

20 - 60+ cm 15 - 20+ cm 20 - 28c 4 - 30 dh 5-9 f


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Cryptocoryne crispatula var. balansae is the oldest known variety of Cryptocoryne crispatula. in the region it comes from in southern thailand there are limestone mountains, and the water can be very hard. like many other Cryptocorynes it needs to acclimatise before growth starts in earnest. in recent years a narrow-leaf variety called Cryptocoryne crispatula var. flaccidifolia has often been sold.

cryptocoryne parvaprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe: araceae

106

sri lanka 5 - 10 cm 5 - 7 cm 20 - 29c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 f


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Cryptocoryne parva is the smallest of all cryptocorynes. it is one of the few species that does not significantly change its leaf shape and colour depending on cultivation conditions. it needs more light than most other cryptocorynes because it almost loses its leaf blade under water. so it must never be overshadowed by other plants. individual plants should be planted a few centimetres apart, and after about six months they will form a cohesive low group of plants. recommended for foreground planting.

36

cryptocoryne undulata ''broad leaves''price group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

110aaraceae sri lanka 15 - 25+ cm 10 - 20 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 f


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

unlike the common Cryptocoryne undulata, this plant has wider leaves and a beautiful, flecked leaf pattern. it also grows larger. it is known botanically as a triploid variety. see other cryptocorynes for further information.

cryptocoryne wendtii ''brown''price group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

109caraceae sri lanka 15 - 25 cm 10 - 15 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5.5 - 8 f


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Cryptocoryne wendtii brown is a beautiful brown variety of Cryptocoryne wendtii. it is a mistake to believe that cryptocorynes require soft water. in large parts of sri lanka the water is hard, so sri lanka cryptocorynes are almost all suitable for hard european water. if the plant is affected by the so-called cryptocoryne disease, do not remove it from the aquarium because a few weeks later it will produce new shoots. see other cryptocorynes for further information.

37

cryptocoryne wendtii ''green''price group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe: araceae

109

sri lanka 5 - 10+ cm 8 - 10 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5.5 - 8 f


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Cryptocoryne wendtii green is suitable for small aquariums. when grown in an open space the leaves will virtually lie on the bottom. like most other sri lanka cryptocorynes, it also grows well in hard water. like many other plants, it can be affected by cryptocoryne disease. one way to prevent this is by only leaving the 4-5 newest leaves on the plant when planting. it is a good foreground plant, even in small aquariums. see other cryptocorynes for further information.

cryptocoryne wendtii 'mi oya'price group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

109Daraceae sri lanka 25 - 35 cm 15 - 30 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5.5 - 8 f


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

this beautiful variety of Cryptocoryne wendtii is only found in the river mi oya. it has characteristic red-brown, slightly hammered leaves. many cryptocorynes can grow at high temperatures. in the wild this plant is found in streams with a temperature of more than 30 degrees c. at even higher temperatures the light intensity must be higher or the days longer. see other cryptocorynes for further information.

cryptocoryne wendtii ''green'' 109

38

cryptocoryne wendtii 'tropica'price group: pot 7, Xl 11 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

109earaceae sri lanka 6 - 10 cm 8 - 12 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 f


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

this beautiful variety with the dark, hammered leaves is named after tropica. when grown in an open space the leaves will virtually lie on the bottom. it is suitable for small aquariums. like most other sri lanka cryptocorynes, it also grows well in hard water. see other cryptocorynes for further information.

cryptocoryne x willisiiprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe: araceae

107

sri lanka 7 - 20+ cm 7 - 15 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 f


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

there is some confusion about the name of this plant. it used (mistakenly) to be called Cryptocoryne nevillii, but this is the name of a species that has never been used in aquariums. like many other cryptocorynes, not much happens the first month after planting. But then it starts to grow, and willingly produces plenty of runners which form a compact group. see other cryptocorynes for further information.

39

cyperus helferiprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

133acyperaceae thailand 20 - 35 cm 15 - 25 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5 - 7.5 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Cyperus-species are widespread all over the tropics, but only a few of them are good underwater plants. Cyperus helferi is the first Cyperus-species used in aquariums. it requires a relatively large amount of light, and co2 addition is recommended to promote growth. in aquariums with good water flow the plant sways beautifully in the current.

Didiplis diandraprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

031lythraceae north america 10 - 15+ cm 2 - 4+ cm 20 - 26c 1 - 13 dh 5-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Didiplis diandra is a fine foreground plant which should be planted in small groups. in good light it develops red shoot tips which form a beautiful contrast with other green plants. a demanding plant which needs a lot of light and prefers soft water. co2 addition boosts growth considerably. also known as Peplis diandra.

40

echinodorus 'aquartica'price group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

074falismataceae cultivar 10 - 20+ cm 10 - 20+ cm 18 - 28c 4 - 20 dh 6.5 - 8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

characteristic of Echinodorus aquartica are its round, bright green leaves. its compact, low habit makes it suitable as a decorative solitary plant. slow growing and easy to care for, Echinodorus aquartica retains the refreshing green colour of its leaves in normal lighting and nutrient conditions in the aquarium. the plant is a cross between several different cultivated plants, including Echinodorus horemanii and several roundleafed Echinodorus species. Echinodorus aquartica was developed by kristian iversen from the aquartica company.

echinodorus x barthiiprice group: pot 8, Xl 11 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

072aalismataceae cultivar 25 - 50 cm 20 - 30 cm 16 - 28c 4 - 20 dh 6-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Echinodorus x barthii is a decorative and beautiful solitary plant for large aquariums. the leaves change colour from dark-red in the youngest leaves to dark-green in the oldest. the colour develops well when the light intensity is high and there are sufficient micro-nutrients in the aquarium. a nutritious bottom and co2 addition promote growth. this plant takes a lot of light from plants underneath, so it must be pruned occasionally. it used to be sold as Double red.

41

echinodorus bleheri (bleherae)price group: pot 5, Xl 10 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

071alismataceae south america 20 - 50 cm 25 - 40 cm 20 - 30c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Echinodorus bleheri is undemanding and beautiful. a nutritious bottom promotes growth, but the plant needs pruning to prevent it depriving plants underneath of light. Echinodorus bleheri does well even in poorly illuminated aquariums, as it grows towards the light. it is a hardy and easy solitary plant for both beginners and the more experienced with quite large aquariums. it has been sold under the name paniculatus.

echinodorus cordifolius ssp. fluitansprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

073Dalismataceae mexico 20 - 40 cm 15 - 30 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

a comparatively fast-growing Echinodorus, suitable for large aquariums. unlike other round-leafed varieties of the species, Echinodorus cordifolius ssp. fluitans is less likely to grow up over the water surface. if it grows large enough, it forms large leaves just under the surface instead.

42

DiD you know Tropica was the first aquarium plant producer in the world to use stone wool as a growing media. The use of stone wool made it possible to grow plants in pots. in the early 1970s all aquarium plants were sold as either bunched plants or as loose plants. By using the stone wool a new era opened for the production of aquarium plants. all over the world other producers of aquarium plants quickly adapted this way of producing plants as it is most suitable for export. Furthermore, it is the best way of protecting the plants roots from producer to end user.

!

Use of stone wool for the potting of the plants

Potting of Pogostemon helferi

Bacopa caroliniana with well developed roots

43

echinodorus macrophyllusprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

073alismataceae south america 30 - 50+ cm 20 - 30+ cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Echinodorus macrophyllus is one of the large, orbiculate sword plants which grow up out of even large aquariums in good growing conditions. if light is available less than 11 hours a day it is easier to keep down inside the aquarium. it is suitable for open aquariums, where it forms decorative heart-shaped leaves above the water surface. it is a good idea to spray the plant to prevent it drying out. it used to be sold as Echinodorus radicans.

echinodorus osirisprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

072alismataceae Brazil 25 - 50 cm 20 - 30 cm 15 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

in the 1970s coloured aquarium plants were rare, which is why Echinodorus osiris with its red colour quickly became popular. a nutritious bottom promotes growth, and when there is a shortage of micro-nutrients new leaves turn pale, thus indicating that fertiliser may be necessary. it is generally an undemanding plant which is suitable for both soft and hard water. the red colour of the leaves grows stronger at higher light intensities. it used to be sold as Echinodorus rubra. it is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

44

echinodorus 'ozelot'price group: pot 8, Xl 11 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

073falismataceae cultivar 20 - 40+ cm 25 - 30 cm 15 - 30c 4 - 30 dh 6-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Echinodorus ozelot is a decorative hybrid between Echinodorus schluteri leopard and Echinodorus x barthii. naturally, it is the elliptical black spots on the red-brown leaves that have given this plant the name ozelot. the spots are darkest on the youngest leaves, and unlike many other spotted Echinodorus, ozelot retains its spots even at low light intensity. it is an undemanding, good plant for beginners.

echinodorus 'ozelot green'price group: pot 8, Xl 11 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

073galismataceae cultivar 20 - 40+ cm 25 - 30 cm 15 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 6-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

a beautiful, dark-green variety of Echinodorus ozelot. the dark spots form a bigger contrast on the light leaves. the leaf margin is fluted. a nutritious bottom promotes growth. it is an easy and highly recommended plant, which thrives in almost all conditions.

45

echinodorus palaefolius var. latifoliusprice group: pot 7, Xl 11 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

076alismataceae Brazil 20 - 40+ cm 20 - 40+ cm 20 - 28c 4 - 30 dh 5.5 - 8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

in marshy conditions Echinodorus palaefolius var. latifolius has round leaves with a horizontal leaf base. under water the leaves are narrower and longer. in the aquarium it tends to grow out of the water. this can be prevented by removing the long leaves just before they reach the water surface. the next leaves will then become shorter and the plant will remain under water. in open aquariums the plant can be allowed to grow out of the water, but the leaf margins often dry out if air humidity is low.

echinodorus quadricostatusprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

068alismataceae south america 10 - 15 cm 15 - 20+ cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 6-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

this plant has characteristic light-green leaves which form a good contrast to the darker aquarium plants. it is most beautiful when planted in groups. in good conditions it produces runners which spread over the bottom. very light leaves are a sign of a shortage of micro-nutrients. there is some confusion about the name of this plant, and it has been sold as Echinodorus bolivianus var. magdalenensis.

echinodorus palaefolius var. latifolius 076

46

echinodorus 'red Diamond'price group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

074Dalismataceae cultivar 15 - 25 cm 20 - 30 cm 15 - 30c 4 - 30 dh 6-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Echinodorus red Diamond appeared as a culture in the ukraine, and is probably a cross between Echinodorus horemanni red and Echinodorus x barthii. the resultant hybrid is an attractive plant with ruby-red sword-shaped leaves. unlike many of the other Echinodorus-species, Echinodorus red Diamond remains moderate in size, so it is extremely well suited as a solitary plant, even in small aquariums. increasing the nutrients in the substrate results in more abundant growth, while favourable light conditions promote the formation of the ruby-red leaves.

echinodorus 'red special'price group: pot 8, Xl 11 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

073Jalismataceae cultivar 10 - 30 cm 10 - 20 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

a hybrid of several different cultivated plants, characterised by copper-coloured, spatula-shaped leaves. in some cases these have darker red patches. the plant grows abundantly in a compact shape, and is very decorative as a solitary plant.

47

echinodorus 'ros'price group: pot 8, Xl 11 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

072Balismataceae cultivar 25 - 40 cm 15 - 25 cm 20 - 30c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

this beautiful plant is a hybrid between Echinodorus horemanii rot and Echinodorus horizontalis. it was first produced in 1986 by hans Barth in Dessau. new underwater leaves are a beautiful pink, and initially the leaves have red-brown spots. a nutritious bottom promotes growth, but otherwise Echinodorus ros is undemanding and thus an excellent plant for beginners.

echinodorus 'rubin'price group: pot 8, Xl 13 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

074Balismataceae cultivar 30 - 50+ cm 20 - 40 cm 18 - 30c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Echinodorus rubin is a decorative hybrid between Echinodorus horemanii rot and Echinodorus x barthii. the transparent, ruby-red leaves with light leaf ribs provide a particularly intensive sheen. an undemanding plant whose growth is stimulated by co2 addition and a nutritious bottom. a good solitary plant for large aquariums.

48

echinodorus tenellusprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

067alismataceae north america 5 - 10 cm 5 - 8+ cm 19 - 30c 1 - 13 dh 5.5 - 8 i


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

small foreground plants for aquariums are in short supply, but Echinodorus tenellus is one of the best. the runners spread round the aquarium. a true lawn effect is only achieved at high light intensities, so you must make sure larger plants do not overshadow the plant. plant individual plants a couple of centimetres apart (easiest with tweezers). a nutritious bottom promotes growth.

echinodorus uruguayensisprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

070aalismataceae south america 20 - 55+ cm 10 - 30 cm 15 - 26c 4 - 20 dh 5-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Echinodorus uruguayensis has long, narrow, transparent, dark-green leaves, making it a very beautiful solitary plant for large aquariums. the leaf length and width vary considerably. in good growing conditions it forms an unusual number of leaves, and a nutritious bottom and co2 addition and slightly acidic water promote growth. a number of species formerly regarded as distinct are now included under the name Echinodorus uruguayensis.

49

echinodorus 'vesuvius'price group: pot 9 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

067calismataceae cultivar 10 - 20 cm 10 - 15 cm 20 - 28c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Echinodorus vesuvius is a cultured species based on Echinodorus angustifolia from oriental aquarium plants. the narrow and twisted green leaves makes it an unusual addition to the echinodorus. it grows vigorously with many medium length and narrow leaves, and is highly decorative as a solitary plant. vesuvius spreads readily with runners. an easy and undemanding plant that requires medium to high light conditions.

egeria densaprice group: BDt 3 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

058hydrocharitaceae cosmopolitan 40 - 100 cm 3 - 5 cm 10 - 26c 1 - 30 dh 5-8 B


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Egeria densa is a good plant for beginners, and its rapid growth helps create a balance in the aquarium from the start. it can also help prevent algae because it absorbs a great number of nutrients from the water. the plant secretes antibiotic substances which can help prevent blue-green algae (a type of bacteria). the growth rate depends largely on the amount of light and nutrition available. growth does not stop in unfavourable conditions, but the plant turns light in colour and the tendrils grow thin.

50

DiD you know Tropicas employees are highly dedicated. Based on their long-term and vast experiences with aquarium plants you are guaranteed a top quality product. Despite the use of modern electronic equipment in the production of 130 species, it still takes a great deal of experience to identify and evaluate the necessary processes to optimize plant growth and health. it is Tropicas philosophy that decisions concerning both the company and the products are being taken in accordance with our employees considerations. Job satisfaction and participation on decision-making processes ensures Tropica employees morale and motivation levels are outstanding.

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Packing of Limnobium laevigatum in the submerged department

51

eleocharis parvulaprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

132ccyperaceae cosmopolitan 3 - 10 cm 5 - 10+ cm 10 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 h


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Eleocharis parvula has short leaves and fast growth making it one of the most impressive carpet-forming foreground plants. it spreads rapidly by runners. it is a relatively easy and undemanding plant that does best with good light and a nutritious substrate. can be planted in small portions in the substrate and can form a dense carpet in a matter of weeks given the right lighting and conditions. when the leaves get too long they can be pruned with scissors to about 2cm height, encouraging new growth.

glossostigma elatinoidesprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

045ascrophulariaceae new Zealand 2 - 3+ cm 5 - 10+ cm 15 - 26c 1 - 13 dh 5 - 7.5 g


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Glossostigma elatinoides is much in demand in Japanese-inspired aquariums. it is one of the smallest aquarium plants, and thus a good foreground plant. a difficult plant demanding a lot of light. grows upwards if light is poor. make sure larger plants do not overshadow it. when planting in the aquarium small clumps (approx. 1/8 pot) should be placed at intervals of a few centimetres to help the plants grow together more quickly. co2 addition and soft water promote growth significantly.

52

hemianthus callitrichoides ''cuba''price group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

048Bscrophulariaceae cuba 0.5 - 3 cm 3 - 10+ cm 18 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5 - 7.5 g


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Hemianthus callitrichoides is one of the smallest aquarium plants in the world, and creeps over the bottom with millimetre-sized round leaves. if planted in small clumps a few centimetres apart, it will spread rapidly and cover the bottom like a carpet. Hemianthus callitrichoides is an attractive foreground plant for small aquariums. found on cuba west of havana.

hemianthus micranthemoidesprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

048ascrophulariaceae north america 5 - 15+ cm 5 - 10+ cm 20 - 28c 1 - 30 dh 5 - 7.5 g


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Hemianthus micranthemoides is a graceful plant whose small, arched leaves make it look like a miniature version of Egeria. it has a characteristic trailing growth in intensive light, so it can be used as a foreground plant. a compact group of Hemianthus micranthemoides is very beautiful with its small, light-green leaves. in terrariums the plant forms a compact cushion. used to be called Micranthemum micranthemoides.

53

heteranthera zosterifoliaprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

096pontederiaceae south america 30 - 50 cm 10 - 15 cm 18 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Heteranthera zosterifolia is an extremely beautiful plant which forms a lot of side shoots and thus quickly forms a bushy plant group. in strong light growth is intensive, and the plant must be pruned before it becomes so compact that no light reaches the lower leaves. water roots often form on the stem. in open aquariums it forms small blue flowers if some shoots are allowed to spread on the surface.

hydrocotyle sibthorpioides (maritima)price group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

039aapiaceae south-east asia 3 - 8 cm 5 - 10+ cm 20 - 28c 1 - 13 dh 6-8 i


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides is a beautiful plant which can be difficult to grow. intensive light is vital. in the wild it is found in very arid conditions which are rarely flooded. used to be sold as Hydrocotyle maritima.

54

hydrocotyle verticillataprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

039apiaceae america 3 - 7 cm 5 - 10+ cm 10 - 26c 1 - 13 dh 5-8 i


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

unlike other Hydrocotyle species, this plant retains its trailing growth form. optimum growth is only achieved in strong light and soft, slightly acidic water. it does not need to be rooted, but can be used as a floating plant. Hydrocotyle verticillata is definitely a foreground plant which can also be used in garden ponds. it can also be used as an indoor plant if the soil is kept moist.

hygrophila corymbosaprice group: BDt 3 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

053acanthaceae south-east asia 30 - 50 cm 15 - 20 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 B


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Hygrophila corymbosa is an undemanding starter plant that originates from asia. in the aquarium it will spread fast and create bright green, long and wide leaves. it is a fast growing plant that must be pruned frequently. new shoots will spread from the stem and make the plant look bushier. the cuttings can be re-planted in the bottom of the aquarium where new roots form quickly.

55

hygrophila corymbosa 'angustifolia'price group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

052aacanthaceae south-east asia 25 - 60 cm 20 - 35 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

under water Hygrophila corymbosa angustifolia has relatively narrow leaves which are grouped close together. plants sold in the shops are normally cultivated above water, and have rounder leaves with larger gaps between them.

hygrophila corymbosa ''compact''price group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

052Dacanthaceae cultivar 5 - 15 cm 5 - 10 cm 18 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

a very compact variety of Hygrophila corymbosa, with the leaves set close to the stalk. forms numerous side shoots, enhancing the compact appearance. the leaves are a dark brownish green when the plant is delivered, but after a transitional period in the aquarium they turn light green and silver-white on the underside. in strong light the newest leaves are reddish brown in colour and in time the oldest ones die away - especially in dimmer light. new side shoots form often, to replace the old.

hygrophila corymbosa 'angustifolia' 052a

56

DiD you know Tropicas tissue laboratory was started in 1994 and today more than one million plants are produced there annually for our own production, spread over more than 50 cultures (e.g. Hygrophila, Bacopa, and Pogostemon). Plants from the tissue laboratory get the perfect start to their lives with optimum growth conditions from both light and nutrition as they are being produced in glass containers isolated from their surroundings. uniformity, heightened survival capacity, greater compactness, many plants in each pot, enhanced adaptability these are just a few of the ideal properties that associated to plants that begin their lives at Tropicas tissue laboratory.

!

Cutting of Marsilea hirsuta mother material

Tissue laboratory

More than one million plants sees the light in Tropicas laboratory

57

hygrophila corymbosa 'siamensis'price group: pot 4, Xl 9 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

053aacanthaceae thailand 15 - 40 cm 15 - 20 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

under water the leaves are light-green and dense. in open aquariums Hygrophila corymbosa siamensis grows easily above the water surface, where it forms blue-green leaves and small blue flowers. it grows fast and the shoots must be pinched out regularly if you want to keep the plant under water. an extremely hardy plant, suitable for beginners.

hygrophila corymbosa 'siamensis 53B'price group: pot 4 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

053Bacanthaceae south-east asia 15 - 30+ cm 10 - 15 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Hygrophila corymbosa siamensis 53B is a variety of Hygrophila corymbosa siamensis. this Hygrophila siamensis 53B forms an incredible amount of side shoots and becomes bushy relatively rapidly. its beautiful bright green leaves are narrower than the regular siamensis and it can achieve red-brown leaves in good light conditions. an undemanding, fast growing plant that must be pruned frequently to maintain a bushy growth.

58

hygrophila difformisprice group: BDt 3 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

051acanthaceae south-east asia 20 - 50 cm 15 - 25 cm 22 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5-8 B


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Hygrophila difformis is beautiful and undemanding. a plant for beginners which can help create a balance in the aquarium from the start. its rapid growth helps prevent algae because the plant absorbs a great number of nutrients from the water. the shortage of micro-nutrients leads to pale leaves, which may be an indication that the aquarium needs fertiliser. in large aquariums its lobed leaves can create a distinctive group.

hygrophila pinnatifidaprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

051aacanthaceae india 15 - 40+ cm 15 - 30+ cm 20 - 28c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Hygrophila pinnatifida originates from india. it obtains brown, patched leaves on the surface with a distinctive burgundy colour underneath. it creates horizontal side shoots and the top shoots should be pinched out in order to maintain compact and attractive growth. the horizontal side shoots easily attach to both wood and rocks. growth is moderate and the colour is attractive when planted in small groups with a plain background. intense lighting ensures compact growth due to the plants slow to medium growth rate.

59

hygrophila polyspermaprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

050acanthaceae south-east asia 25 - 40 cm 10 - 20 cm 18 - 30c 4 - 30 dh 5-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Hygrophila polysperma is one of the hardiest aquarium plants available. it is particularly good for beginners because it grows in almost all conditions. it normally grows so fast that it is important to prevent it crowding out other plants. the shoots must be pinched out regularly. leaves lying on the surface form small new plants. Hygrophila polysperma varies considerably in leaf shape and colour, depending to some extent on the light supplied.

hygrophila polysperma 'rosanervig'price group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

050Bacanthaceae cultivar 20 - 30+ cm 6 - 10 cm 18 - 28c 4 - 20 dh 5-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Hygrophila polysperma rosanervig is normally an undemanding plant. But if you want deep-pink leaves you must provide intensive light. the distinctive colouring of the light leaf ribs is probably caused by a virus which prevents chlorophyll from being produced in the cells around the leaf ribs, making them white. however, this virus does not affect other plants in the aquarium.

60

Juncus repensprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

133fJuncaceae usa 7 - 30 cm 5 - 7+ cm 15 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5-8 e


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Juncus repens is widespread in shallow water and along the banks of ponds and lakes in north america. in an aquarium Juncus repens is decorative and distinguishes itself from other aquatic plants. if it grows under water, Juncus repens forms leaves in rings, and, depending on its growth conditions, it often develops a thick, bushy habit. the leaves are normally light green, but in good light the underwater form of Juncus repens most frequently becomes reddish. new shoots form willingly from the nodes, so Juncus repens is easy to propagate.

lilaeopsis brasiliensisprice group: pot 6 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

040apiaceae south america 4 - 7 cm 5 - 10+ cm 15 - 26c 1 - 20 dh 6-8 i


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Lilaeopsis brasiliensis can grow very compact, but a lawn effect is only achieved at high light intensity. when planting in the aquarium small clumps (approx. 1/8 pot) should be placed a few centimetres apart to help the plants grow together more quickly. place in an open position without shading from other plants to ensure good light. Lilaeopsis brasiliensis can be used in garden ponds, and also tolerates low salt concentrations in brackish aquariums.

61

lilaeopsis mauritianaprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

040Bapiaceae mauritius 5 - 10 cm 5 - 10+ cm 15 - 28c 1 - 30 dh 5.5 - 8 i


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

this Lilaeopsis species demands less light than Lilaeopsis brasiliensis. tropicas founder, holger windelv, found it on mauritius in 1992. the plants height and distance between its leaves depend on the light intensity. the more light it gets, the lower the plant and the denser the leaves. the runners spread round the aquarium. should be planted like Lilaeopsis brasiliensis.

limnobium laevigatumprice group: por 6 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

063hydrocharitaceae south america 1 - 5 cm 5 - 10+ cm 18 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5-8 J


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Limnobium laevigatum is a decorative plant that is particularly suitable for open aquariums. it is also good in traditional aquariums, because the fine, long and decorative roots provide protection to gouramies and other surface fish that like the roots of floating plants. if there are enough nutrients in the water and the light intensity is good, new leaves will appear above the water surface.

62

limnophila aquaticaprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

046scrophulariaceae south-east asia 25 - 50 cm 15 - 20 cm 20 - 30c 1 - 13 dh 5-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

an extremely beautiful aquarium plant circled by light-green and finely branched leaves. in the right growing conditions with added co2 and a nutritious bottom this plant grows fast. in good light it forms horizontal side shoots and becomes attractive and bushy. most decorative when several stems are planted in a small group. in open aquariums it sometimes sends shoots above the water surface, forming small blue flowers.

limnophila sessilifloraprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

047scrophulariaceae south-east asia 15 - 40 cm 10 - 15 cm 22 - 28c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Limnophila sessiliflora is a good and undemanding plant which is a good alternative to Cabomba, which demands a lot of light. the plant often grows leggy in poor light, but this can be counteracted to some extent by stimulating growth by co2 addition. most beautiful when planted in groups. in good growing conditions it sends out runners and spreads across the bottom. Limnophila sessiliflora used to be called ambulia.

63

lindernia rotundifoliaprice group: pot 6 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

045scrophulariaceae asia 15 - 30+ cm 10 - 20+ cm 20 - 26c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Lindernia rotundifolia grows on sandy banks along streams in asia. the plant is undemanding and the stems with marbled leaves quickly form compact groups. Lindernia rotundifolia is suitable both for background and as a solitary mid-ground plant with leaves growing tightly from top to bottom. a good starter plant that thrives under most conditions.

lobelia cardinalisprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

053clobeliaceae north america 20 - 30+ cm 7 - 15 cm 15 - 26c 4 - 20 dh 6-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

in the nursery this plant is cultivated in marshy conditions, forming dark-green leaves which are purple underneath. in aquariums the leaves turn a beautiful shade of light-green. it needs intensive light to thrive. widely used in Dutch aquariums in so-called plant streets. in open aquariums it grows above the water surface, where it forms very beautiful scarlet flowers and the leaves regain their colour. can be used in garden ponds.

lindernia rotundifolia

045

64

ludwigia arcuataprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

035onagraceae usa 25 - 50 cm 3 - 5 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 13 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

this is a narrow-leafed Ludwigia species, so it is often mistaken for Didiplis diandra. it requires a relatively large amount of light before forming a red stem and red leaves, and thrives best in slightly acidic, soft/medium hard water. the most decorative effect can be achieved by planting it in groups. it is suitable for small aquariums, and can also be used as a terrarium plant.

ludwigia glandulosaprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

035aonagraceae north america 15 - 40 cm 5 - 12 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Ludwigia glandulosa is a very beautiful water plant. it is slowgrowing and requires co2 addition to grow well. the leaves turn greener if sufficient light is provided. used to be sold as Ludwigia perennis.

65

ludwigia repens 'rubin'price group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

033Donagraceae north america 20 - 50 cm 10 - 20 cm 15 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5-8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

variety of Ludwigia repens with striking dark red leaves and stalk. it makes a fine colour contrast to the green shades in the aquarium. plant in large groups to enhance the decorative effect, and prune regularly to encourage bushy growth. the plant makes few demands, but if light is insufficient the lower leaves tend to fall off. in strong light the colour becomes more intense.

marsilea hirsutaprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

010marsileceae australia 2 - 10+ cm 5 - 10+ cm 18 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5 - 7.5 h


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Marsilea hirsuta is a fascinating plant, usually delivered with leaves like a four-leaf clover. after a transitional period it develops different types of leaves, possibly a low form with single leaves like a large Glossostigma, or alternatively develop two, three or four-lobed leaves varying in height, depending on the growth conditions. whichever form the plant adopts, it forms runners and spreads rapidly round the aquarium.

66

micranthemum umbrosumprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

048scrophulariaceae usa 10 - 15+ cm 5 - 10+ cm 20 - 26c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 g


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Micranthemum umbrosum is a beautiful plant with small round leaves. it is suitable for small or large aquariums. relatively demanding in terms of light. co2 addition is recommended to promote growth. once the plant starts growing it grows fast, and the shoots have to be pinched out often (can be planted as cuttings in the bottom). most beautiful in groups of many stems.

microsorum pteropusprice group: pot 8, Xl 11, aquaDecor familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

008polypodiaceae asia 15 - 30 cm 12 - 20+ cm 18 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5-8 D


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Microsorum pteropus is a water fern which should be grown on a root or stone, attached with fishing line until it has gained a hold. if it is planted in the bottom, do not cover the rhizome because it will rot. easy to propagate by splitting the horizontal rhizome. a hardy plant which grows in all conditions. the black spots under the leaves are sporangia (reproductive organs), not signs of disease as many believe.

67

microsorum pteropus 'narrow'price group: pot 8, aquaDecor familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

008apolypodiaceae asia 10 - 20 cm 10 - 20 cm 18 - 30c 1 - 30 dh 5-8 D


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Microsorum pteropus is a highly variable species, and new varieties are easily bred. Microsorum pteropus narrow has narrower leaves, which grow at a less acute angle from the stem than the normal Microsorum pteropus. the plant attaches readily to roots and stones. a decorative plant, which is also suitable for smaller aquariums. see also Microsorum pteropus.

microsorum pteropus 'windelv'price group: pot 8, Xl 11, aquaDecor familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

008Bpolypodiaceae cultivar 10 - 20 cm 12 - 18+ cm 18 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5-8 D


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Microsorum pteropus windelv is a patented variety of Microsorum pteropus, named after tropicas founder holger windelv. its finely branched leaf tips make it one of the most beautiful aquarium plants. a hardy and easy plant for both beginners and the more experienced. Best results are obtained by planting it on a stone or tree root. if planted in the bottom the horizontal rhizome must not be covered. this plant is not eaten by herbivorous fish.

68

DiD you know Microsorum pteropus Windelv was the very first plant to be patented. During an inspection in 1992 of 10,000 Microsorum pteropus plants, holger Windelv (founder of Tropica) discovered two plants that were unique from the rest! The tip of a leaf divided, and this division had two tips dividing again. Through a long propagation and selective process they succeeded in re-creating this species. on the occasion of Tropicas 25th anniversary this new plant was named Microsorum pteropus Windelv after the founder of Tropica. Both its name and patent has been of great value to Tropica, and to the quiet enjoyment of holger!

!

Holger Windelv in the year of 2010 with Microsorum pteropus Windelv

69

monosolenium tenerumprice group: por 7, aquaDecor familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

002cmonoseleniaceae asia 2 - 5+ cm 3 - 10+ cm 5 - 28c 1 - 30 dh 5-8 k


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Monosolenium tenerum is an attractive liverwort, which looks most like a giant Riccia that simply stays at the bottom, where it forms cushions. it is a brittle plant, and pieces break off easily, so it is best to place it in the aquarium attached to stones with fishing line or in small clumps among other plants such as Eleocharis. once Monosolenium has established itself, it is very undemanding. this plant is mistakenly known as Pellia.

myriophyllum mattogrossenseprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

037haloragaceae south america 30 - 60 cm 10 - 15 cm 20 - 28c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Myriophyllum matogrossense originates from matto grosso in the rio amazonas, Brazil. it has decorative and feather-like, reddish stems and finely divided bright green leaves. in good light conditions the leaves spread out in a fan shape. Myriophyllum is relatively easy and is suitable for the background. it needs to be pruned frequently to maintain its bushy form. it is fast growing and requires a good deal of nutrition. a good starter plant.

70

myriophyllum mezianumprice group: pot 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

037Bhaloragaceae madagascar 5 - 30+ cm 5 - 10+ cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Myriophyllum mezianum has finely dissected light green leaves with reddish apical shoots and it grows significantly slower than the already known species of Myriophyllum. it was found on madagascar where it formed dense stands in shallow water. During planting, the individual shoots should be placed few centimetres apart in small groups in the middle ground of the aquarium. Myriophyllum mezianum requires both high light and co2 injection to obtain the best possible result and, in addition, the plant is also nutrient requiring.

nesaea crassicaulisprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

033Blythraceae africa 30 - 50 cm 8 - 15+ cm 22 - 28c 1 - 13 dh 5.5 - 8.5 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Nesaea crassicaulis is a beautiful and highly recommended aquarium plant, although it has high demands for light. it has red-brown, cognac-coloured leaves. grows best in soft and slightly acidic water. make sure the lower leaves get sufficient light, otherwise they will die off. this plant is similar to Ammannia species and is often mistaken for them. But in the aquarium it can be recognised by its yellow-green stems. easy to propagate by side shoots or cuttings, which can be cut off and planted in the bottom.

71

nesaea pedicellataprice group: pot 5 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

033clythraceae africa 20 - 40+ cm 10 - 20+ cm 22 - 30c 4 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

Nesaea pedicellata is an attractive, decorative and easy stem plant. leaf colours range from green to yellow and orange and reddish shades depending on growth conditions in the aquarium. the stems keep their intense red colouring, something that can also be seen when the plant is grown in a swamp. compared with Nesaea crassicaulis, Nesaea pedicellata has narrower leaves and its colours are warmer. we recommend planting Nesaea in the mid-ground of the aquarium as a contrast to the tall green background plants.

nymphaea lotus (zenkeri)price group: pot 9, kn 7 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

019nymphaeaceae west africa 20 - 80 cm 25 - 60 cm 22 - 30c 1 - 20 dh 5-8 c


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

a beautiful and very varied species with leaves of green to red-brown and varying numbers of purple spots. Before forming floating leaves Nymphaea lotus (zenkeri) forms many underwater leaves. if you dont want floating leaves, prune the roots and leaves. the beautiful, aromatic flowers can be fully appreciated in open aquariums. a nutritious bottom encourages growth. often available in a red and a green variety. recommended as a solitary plant for large aquariums.

nesaea pedicellata

033c

72

pogostemon erectusprice group: pot 8 familY: origin: height: wiDth: temperature: gh: ph: coDe:

053flamiaceae india 15 - 40 cm 10 - 15 cm 20 - 28c 1 - 20 dh 5.5 - 8 a


low slow easY

high fast Difficult

the indian Pogostemon erectus forms compact groups of bright green, conifer-like stems. Pogostemon erectus is suitable as a background plant and creates a wonderful focal po

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