Plasmonic Metamaterials and

Optical Holography (全息术)

Guixin Li （李贵新）

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science

Hong Kong Baptist University

28th April 2015

Light-Matter Interactions

Fundamental

Physics

Advanced

Optics

Plasmonic

Metamaterials

Target

1. Plasmonic Metamaterials

Roman Glass Cage cup (4th AD)

Lycurgus Cup (British Museum)

F. E. Wagner, S. Haslbeck, L. Stievano, S. Calogero, Q. A. Pankhurst, and K. P.

Martinek, “Before striking gold in gold-ruby glass”, Nature 407, 691-692 (2000).

Lecture to the Royal Society, 7th Feb 1857.

Faraday discussed his experiments on metal colloidal solutions.

Michael Faraday, “Experimental relations of gold to light”, Phil.

Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 147, 145-181 (1857). Impact factor: 2.864

Recognition of Ruby Gold

the birth of modern nanotechnology

Letter from Michael Faraday to his friend

Prof C. F. Schönbein of Basle he wrote “I

have been occupying myself with gold this

summer; I did not feel headstrong enough

for stronger things. This work has been of

the Mountain and Mouse fashion; and if I

ever publish it and it comes to your sight I

dare say you will think so”

colloidal gold nanoparticle

ruby

Plasmonics

W. A. Murray and W. L. Barnes, “Plasmonic Materials”, Adv. Mater.19, 3771-3782 (2007).

Scale: 300 nm

gold nanoparticle

Light scattering

Plasmonic Color Filter

Pixel size of the CCD camera will be much smaller !

T. Xu, et al. “Plasmonic nanoresonators for high-resolution colour filtering and

spectral imaging”, Nature Communications 1, 59 (2010). Scale bar: 10 um

K. Kumar, H. Duan, R. S. Hegde, Samuel C. W. Koh, J. N. Wei, J. K. W. Yang, “Printing

colour at the optical diffraction limit”, Nature Nanotechnology, 7, 557-561 (2012).

Pixel size: 400 nm to 900 nm

Print color at the optical diffraction limit

Materials has properties that haven’t been found in Nature!

Meta-Materials

J. B. Pendry, D.Schurig, D. R. Smith, “Controlling Electromagnetic

Fields”, Science 312,1780-1782 (2006).

“After”, “beyond”

artificial “atom” Optical cloaking

output

input

My Plasmonic Metamaterials

Lattice Period: 300 nm-500nm

Gold „graphene‟?

silicon post

gold nanostructure

2. Optical Holography (whole)

Electron Holography

Dennis Gabor

Nobel Prize in Physics (1971)

Thomson Houston Co. (1934-1948)

Imperial College London (1949-1969)

The original objective was

an improved electron

microscope, capable of

resolving atomic lattices

and seeing single atoms.

1947 (patent GB685286).

Optical Holography ( from1960)

1962, laser transmission hologram of 3D object.

1962, white light

reflection hologram

of 3D object.

1968, white light

transmission

hologram for rainbow

3D imaging

1972, Lioyd Cross invented white light transmission

hologram for 3D moving movie.

Basic Principle

J. Scheuer and Y. Yifat, “Holography: Metasurfaces make it

practical”, Nature Nanotechnology, 10, 296-298 (2015).

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/holographic-memory2.htm

2a. High Capacity Data Storage---Recording

2a. High Capacity Data Storage---Reading

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/holographic-memory2.htm

2b. Security Holograms

http://www.diytrade.com/china/pd/12761858/Fr

ee_shipping_visa_hologram_stickers.html

Unit Price: < 0.1 USD

Color hologram on VISA card

2c. Holographic 3-D Display

http://www.naledi3d.com/EON_3d.html

3-D projector on smart phone at the end of 2015!

Naked Eye Technology

3. Plasmonic Metamaterials and Optical

Holography

a. Better solution for Full

color 3-D display

True Color 3-D Hologram

M. Ozaki, J. Kato, S. Kawata, “Surface plasmon holography

with white light illumination”, 332, 218, Science (2011).

b. Control local phase

using sub-wavelength

element

Metamaterial Hologram

Stéphane Larouche, Yu-Ju Tsai, Talmage Tyler, Nan M. Jokerst and David R. Smith,

“Infrared metamaterial phase holograms,” 11, 450-454, Nature Materials (2012).

Can not control amplitude !

E

c. High Efficiency, Wide Angle and

Low-cost

G. Zheng, H. Mühlenbernd, M. Kenney, G. Li*, T. Zentgraf*, and S. Zhang*,

“Metasurface holograms reaching 80% efficiency”, Nature Nanotechnology 10,

308-312 (2015).

Metasurface makes it practical !

Optical Phase Controlled by Rotation

circularly polarized light and gold nanorod

2ie

X. Chen, et. al., Nature Comm. 3:1198 (2012).

Illustration of the unit-cell structure and its polarization conversion efficiency by

numerical simulations. The pixels are arranged with periods Px=300 nm and Py=300 nm.

The nanorod has a length of L=200 nm, a width of W=80 nm and a height of H=30 nm. The

MgF2 and gold film have thicknesses of h1=90 nm and h2=130 nm, respectively.

Unit Cell of Phase Element

Working principle and phase distribution of the periodic hologram. a,

Illustration of the reflective nanorod-based CGH under a circularly

polarized incident beam. b, Target image with 256 greyscale levels and a

size of 550×300 pixels used for the generation of the hologram.

Computer Generated Hologram

Computer

Simulation

Experiment

Wavelength:

633 nm

Experiment

Wavelength:

780 nm

Results

SEM of gold nanorods

Projection Angle:

30 x 60 degrees

~82%

Single step Fabrication and Low-cost

Multi-steps Fabrication

16-level Phase Profile

Price: 400,000 HKD

1 mm x 1mm, 16 steps glass

Single-step Fabrication

16 level Phase Profile

Price: 5,000 HKD

1 mm x 1mm, 16 steps

4. Experiences on Research

Should not forget the textbook in our library;

Pay more attention to the science in our daily life (Sir Michael Berry)!

Try to evaluate your and others’ research positively!

Have a look at the newest research on http://phys.org/ (C. N. Yang).

http://www.free-desktop-backgrounds.net/Nature-landscapes-

wallpapers/Sunset-backgrounds/Red-Sun-sunset.html

Optics in Our Life!

Rayleigh Scattering Mie Scattering in Beijing

Thank you

Start-up Grant and FRG II 13-14/020 from HKBU