plastic waste management
TRANSCRIPT
Plastic waste
Presented byEdy KurniawanArofah Laemoh
722-593 Current Issues in Applied Biology
OutlineIntroduction of
plasticsType of plasticsCategory of plasticsSource plastics waste
materialsEffect to
environmentalManagement of
plastics wasteTrend of future
plastics waste
Basic information about plasticsPlastic is one of the most
used and widespread materials globally
Plastic covers a range of synthetic or semisynthetic polymerization products
Plastic is the hydrocarbon compounds
Plastic causing environmental problems and human health
Source: Krüger, et al., 2016 1
History of plastic Plastics started to be
developed around 100 years ago with the use of natural materials (chewing gum, shellac)
The development of chemically modified natural materials (rubber, nitrocellulose, collagen)
Parks (1862) the first example is found cellulose nitrate name it “Parkesine”
Baekeland (1907) have succeeded in doing synthetic polymer (plastic) first
Source: อรสา, 2006 2
Plastic production
Figure 1: Annual world plastic productionSource: Krüger, et al., 2016 3
Plastic prduction
Figure 2: World production of plastics materialsSource: PlasticEurope,
20084
Plastic demand
Figure 3: European plastic demand Source: PlasticEurope,
20075
Plastics industry structure
Source: ประไพ, 2557 6
Type of plastic
Thermo
plastics
Polycarbonate(PC)
Polyethyle
ne(PE)
Poly vinyl chloride (PVC
)
Polypropylene(PP)
Polystyren
e(PS)
7
Type of plastic
Thermosetting plasti
cs
Epoxide
(EP)Phen
ol-formaldehyde (PF)
Polyuretha
ne(PUR
)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTF
E)
8
Category plastic
Figure 4: A variety of plastic for different needsSource: PlasticEurope,
20089
Source plastics waste materials
Source: http://www.cleanup.org.au/rubbishreport06/sources_rubbish.html
10
Why people choose plastic ?Resistanc
e to chemicals, water and
impact
Good safety
and hygiene
properties for food packagin
g
Excellent thermal
and electrical insulatio
n propertie
s
Relatively
inexpensive
to produc
e.
Lighter weight than competing materials, reducing
fuel consumptio
n during transportati
on.
11
Impacts of plastic waste
It is an environmental catastrophe of our own making We produce over 300 million tons of plastic every year. Nearly half of this we use just once then throw it away
12
How dose plastics waste impacts
oceansPlastic bags pose a serious danger to birds and marine animals that often mistake them for food
13
Careless disposal of plastic bags chokes drains, blocks the porosity of
the soil, and causes problems for groundwater recharge
14
Plastic kill plants and animalsCattles
Plants
Birds
Corals
15
Impacts on human health
Plastic When burn in air
When plastic burned in air it releases a host of poisonous chemicals into the air, including dioxin
Dioxins are found in the environment and they accumulate in the food chain, mainly in the fatty tissue of animals. 16
Management of plastics waste
Plastic waste management
Conventional technology
17
Recycling of plasticsSelection: The
recyclers/reprocessors have to select the waste /scrap which are suitable for recycling/ reprocessing.
Segregation: The plastics waste shall be segregated as per the codes mentioned in the BiS guidelines..
Processing: After selection and segregation of the preconsumer waste (factory waste) shall be directly recycled. The post consumer waste (used plastic waste) shall be washed, shredded, agglomerated, extruded and granulated.
18
LandfillingA well-managed landfill site results in
limited immediate environmental harm beyond the impacts of collection and transport, although there are long-term risks of contamination of soils and groundwater by some additives and breakdown by products in plastics, which can become persistent organic pollutants.
19
IncinerationReduces need
landfill. there are concerns that hazardous substances may be released into the atmosphere in the process.
can be used with recovery of some of the energy content in the plastic.
The useful energy recovered can vary considerably depending on whether it is used for electricity generation, combined heat and power, or as solid refuse fuel for co-fuelling of blast furnaces or cement kilns.
20
Polymer blended bitumen road
The process of road laying using waste plastics is designed and the technique is being implemented successfully for the construction of flexible roads at various places
21
Co-processing of Plastic waste in
Cement KilnCo-processing of plastic waste as Alternative Fuel and Raw Material (AFR).
Co-processing indicate substitution of primary fuel and raw material by waste.
Waste material such as plastic waste used for co-processing are referred to as alternative fuels and raw material (AFR).
One of the advantage of recovery method used in existing facility is eliminating the need to invest on other plastic waste practices and to secure land filling.
22
Plasma pyrolysis technology (PPT)
Plasma pyrolysis or plasma gasification is a waste treatment technology that gasifies matter in an oxygen-starved environment to decompose waste material into its basic molecular structure.
23
24
Conversion of plastics waste into liquid fuel
Referenceประไพ นำาธวชั. 2557. สถานการณ์และแนวโน้มอุตสาหกรรมพลาสติกไทย. สถาบนัปิโตรเลียมแหง่ประเทศ ไทย. หน้า 43. อรสา อ่อนจนัทร.์ 2549. มหศัจรรย ์พลาสติก. Available online: http://www.vcharkarn.com/varticle/331 [23/02/2560]Krüger, S., Petrat, P., Popat, E., Garg, B. and Abraham, A.K. 2016. Plastic flows in a worldwide context. Faculty of environmental scinces, Technische universitat
dgesden. pp. 32. Plasticseurope. 2007. The Compelling Facts About Plastics. An analysis of plastics pro-duction, demand and recovery. PlasticsEurope: Belgium.Plasticseurope. 2008. The compelling facts about plastics. An analysis of plastics produc-tion, demand and recovery for 2006 in Europe. PlasticsEurope: Belgium.
Plastic prduction
Figure 1: World plastic production grows Source: PlasticEurope,
2007
Introduction Hydrogen
carbon
Long chain(polymer)
Plastics
Introduction
Petroleum
Non-rewenable
Natural resource
Coal
Cellulose
Non-rewenableNatural resourceRewenableNatural resource
Plastic
Classification of plastics
http://incycleinc.com/the-inconvenient-truth-about-seo-2/
6,9%12,1%
10,4%
17,5%
18,9%
7,1%27,1%