plugin-luyen_dich_viet_anh_easyvn_net_split_7_8384

8/2/2019 plugin-luyen_dich_viet_anh_easyvn_net_split_7_8384

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Gdu 14:Chdng con nghi ngiJ gi nua: Chi dich. dan. gidn: Nodoubt, ho(ic undoubtedly; certainly (ado); veryprobably ...

Dung dich ddi dong: there is no doubt hoijc there isnot doubt any longer ...

Cdu 15: Mong sao Hanoi: Everyone hopes that Hanoi ... hoij,c

We hope that Hanoi ... hoac: It's everyone's hope thatHanoi ...Nglldi Hanoi: trong bai dich nay nen dich. its peopleho(ic its inhabitants han. la the Hanoi natives a e 'trdnh. l(ip lfli nhieu Ian tit Hanoi.

Xrmg danh vdi: to deserve; to merit; to be entitled to;to be worthy of.

Neu dung to deserve hoij,eto merit thi thea sau phdi latrue titp ttin. ngu (direct object) khong dung WITH.

Eg: These people deserve our help (Nhilng nguai nay xungdang 5 1 / giiip da cua cluing ta = .,. dang dUqc chung tagiup da).

Nam merits this reward (Nam. xting dringphsin. thllangnay)

Mdnh ddt ngdn nam van hie'n: the land of thousand -year culture ho(lc the land of age- old culture.

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Bai djch tham hhsio:

HANOI IN OPEN DOOR TIME1. Since early in the last lunar month, Tet has already roamedaround the vicinities of Hanoi.

2. The peasants in the suburbs are probably the ones to feelthe presence of Tet before anyone else because all theirtasks from taking care of vegetables, fruits, grass, flowersto fattering pigs and poultry are for Tet's sake.

3. Moving down from Kinh Bac, we will see immense fields offlowers, especially gladioli of all colors.

4. Adjacent to inner city are flower districts: Nhat - Tan, Nghi- Tam, Quang - Ba with many varieties : dark pink peachblossoms, juicy golden kumquat, purple violet and brightred gerbera.A few years back, here was a wood of flowers in goodenough quantity to meet all requests for decorative flowersofHanoi inhabitants.

6. People in this area have long been artisans skilled 10traditional culture of flowers.

7. Moving gradually toward the centre, if away fromHanoi forquite a while, the visitor would be startled the obviouslysurprising changes in city streets.

8. Many new houses in beautiful structures were closelybuiltalong the two sides of streets.

9. Stores and shops have mushroomed, selling all kinds ofgoods from the most popular to the top - graded ones.

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10. Hanoi youngsters, good-looking boys and pretty girls infashioned colorful clothes, gleefully ride motorbikes oflatest models. They now look quite different from the timewhen people used to ride their rattling bikes and wearnothing but clothes of sad colors for soldiers and workers.

11. Hanoi nowadays is more spacious, cleaner-and morebeautiful.

12. The strong beat of life, has daily been manifesting on allHanoi streets. Ha Thanh inhabitants have graduallyimproved 'their habits in eating, drinking. entertaining tobecome more elegant, more civilized.

13. The most remarkable change in Hanoi peoples routine hasbeen fully showed at the markets Dong Xuan, Bac Qua,Hang Da, Cua Narn, Cho Mo... with enormous quantity ofgoods, foodstuffs, busy trading transactioris,

14. No doubt, Hanoi in open-door time is changing, developing.15. It's everyone's hope that Hanoi and its people would always

deserve the land at age old culture.

. . . ~ . . 1 " 4 . tI'I ~?BAI 2. DAM MON, MQT VJNH LY TUONGT~I MIEN TRUNG NUOe Vl~T

Cdc giao uien etta Ii d(ly cho cdc hoc fro cua minh. hie'unhiing ddm, nhitng uinh.da Vi~tNam c o the'du(/c xdy dungthanh. cang bie'n nuac sau nlui Han Gai, : p a Ndng, QuiNlum, Nha Trang, Cam Ranh, Viing Tau ... nhung hie'in hhinhftceten Dam Mon.

1.

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2. Cdc nha doanh nghip lam an ng&n han. va trung han. co thifbie't it nhieu st do ve'Dam Mtm, nhung cdc nha dau tu laudai lai quan tam din Dam Mon hon ai hi/to Vl sao?

3. Co thi ui Drim Man la uung dd'! la, thdng canh. tuy?t vdi nhudao "DaD Nguyen Thien Thai" c o sue hap ddn du hhach. titb O n phuaru; df;'den? Dung nhu v{iy nhung chua dil.

4. Con di) stiu cua Vjnh ia bao nhieul Cam Ranh Iii Vjnh ljtuling vao b{ic nlui: cua Vi?t Nam rna df} stiu binh. qtuin lakhoang 11m trong khi tai Dam Man con s o ' do len. aen 22.

5. Di) siiu. cua hai clla ra vao len den 25m con day Yinh. va daycua 1 9 , i bdng ph&ng nhu day cua cai xoong nhom. khang heb i b6i lap hang niim.

6. Thien nhien t(1O cho con ngILiJidiem phuc hiern co: Yinh. DamMan va hai clla ra vao Yinh dILCjcbao che bili nhilng day nuicao, lien tuc ma van chua lai nhitng biii bdng hlui tot di chi!con nguai dung clla.

7. Dam Man con La kho bdu cua Khanh. Hoa ui d day co mayruii cat vang rna chat luang rat cao va tru lILCjnglen denhang ti tan.

S. Bm the' ma MINEXCO Kluinli Hod dii vi)i vdng xay dl!ngngay d d o mi)t cau cting cho cac tau 3 v(ln tan vdo "an" catthea htJp dcing dii kj dai han. udi Nluit Ban.

9. Can day Nha nuoc Vi?t Nam dii chon. Dam Man t i L dia diemxay dl/ng nha may lo diiu vdi cong stuit khoang 6,5 trieutdn l ruim.

10. Didu dang noi d day la ha tang co Sd chon nay van chua c ogi xitng vm tiem nang.

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NOTES:. Vinh = bay(n); gulftn). Bay la Vjnh thuang bao quanh bdiba dci (= a part of the sea enclosed by a wide curve ofthe shore) con gulf la uinh. baa quanh bdi dilt liin (= apart of the sea almost surrounded by land). _

Eg: Ha Long Bay; the Gulf of Mexico; the Gulf of Thailandetc...

L y tliling: ideal (adj.) & (n).Eg: # She is ideal wife for me = dol vdi tO i nang iii. ngLtiJivq ly

tLtdng.# She is looking for a husband but hasn't found her.ideal yet = nang dang tim m(jt tam cho'ng nhung chuatim ra dLt'!cngLtiJiii tl1dng(ho(icy trung nluin). I

Ciiu 1: Dam = lagoon [Io'gut], Ditng dich. = pond(n). Pond L a

ao ca nho. Lagoon dung ra L a "pha" nhu plui TamGiang eh&nghan:

... Yeu em anh ciing muon v6Sq truong nha us, sq phci Tam Giang

[Lagoon = salt-water lake separated from the sea bysand-bank (s)}.

ca .ng b ien nUde sau: a deep-water sea port; a deep-water harbour ...- Nhdc de'n: to mention (ot); to say the name of; to referto..

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Eg: Don't mention it = (dung nluic den viedo) = dung quantam den oiec cam on toi, chiing c o gi dang de'cam on toi ...(= you're welcome).

ca u z.- Lam an ngiin han va trung han: to do business in shortor medium terms; to engage in short or mid-termbusiness...

- Cae nha ddu tu [au dai: long-term investors.- Quan tOm: to be interested in; to pay attention to; to give

(or pay) heed to... Eg: * Rdn ta khong quan ttim. denehinh tri = he takes no interest in politics.

Cau3:- Thiing canh tuyet viii: Wonderful sights; charming

beauty spots; fine scenery; beautiful landscape ...- Dao "Dew Nguyen Thien Thai"; the island of"Dreamland"; the island of "Fairyland" ...

- Co sue htip dan du khaeh tit bon phuong do' den =attracting travellers from all parts of the country ...hoij,c magnetizing (= fascinating) tourists far andwide (= everywhere;far and near).

Eg: * Nang da tim kie'm khiip bon phuong aua con tha'! lac cuanang = she searched far and wide for her missingchild.* Nguai ta kh&p bon phuang do' ve'di nghe cae ea sl no'i

tieng = People came from far and near to hearfamous singers.

- Dung nhu vay: That's right (adj.) Co the' thay right(adj) = correct; true; exact; reasonable ...

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Cdu 4:-D6 sau = (ehiiu stiu) depth (n).

Eg: What is the depth of this well? = d9 sau eua gie'ng nayla baa nhieu?

* At what depth is the wreck lying? = can tau bi ddmdang ruim d d siiu baa nhieu?

- D6 sau binh quan = an average depth.lAverage F O 3 tit loai:(n), (adj) va (o). d day ta dung average nhu (adj).c ea s .

- Cila ra vao: entrance (n);passage (n); opening (n); way(n)... [Entrance la (n) thi doc (entrons] con ne'u la (v) thidoc [intratns] (Brit.) hor;ic[intr ons] (US). Eg: * where isthe entrance (= the opening) to the cave? = dau la 161vaohang dng? (Luu. y : sl! hluic bi~t giita entrance to vaentrance into hoiic onto).

- Day vinh: the bed of the bay; the bottom of the bay (hoij,cthe bay bottom...)

- Day Lanhitng!iti noi tit dciy long toi = these are the wordsfrom the very bottom of my heart (or in the depth of myheart).

- Bdng phdng (adj) = flat; even (adj); level (adj); flush (adj.)...Eg: A billard-table must be perfectly even = ban bi-da

phdi th(lt b&ngphdng.

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- cai soong nhom = an aluminum pan.- [(hong hi bi b 6i lap hang niim = ... which does not haveallu-vium every year.


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!Alluviuml [alu;vi


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ca u s.- Bm the~'for that reason; therefore ...- Vai vang: hurriedly (adu.); immediately (ado.); quickly

(adu.); at one; without delay ... Cau nay c6 thi dicli nhie"ueach: Therefore, a harbour (= port) for 30,000 tonneship was quickly counstructed there by Khanh HoaMinexco to load sand ... boac: For that reason, KhanhHoa Minexco hurriedly built there a wharf for 30,000 ...

- an cat = to load sand hoic thay to load = to supply, tofurnish, to provide ...

- Theo hdp (I6'nge t a ki ddi han viii Nhat Ban :::in a long-term contract signed with Japan.

ce 9:- Gtin etay = recently (adj.); in recent time; not long

before; not long ago; for only a short time ago ...- fJii chon Dam-Man lam dia etie'm= has chosen Dam Man

as a location for building an oil refinery ... hot;ic.. hasplanned (dii quy hooch) DM as a site (= place; position)for construction of an oil refinery ...

Cdu 10:-Ha tting cd sa: infrastructure (n).

Eg: , H{Ltang ca s a cua mt quoc gia la cd eau giup cho quaegia et6 hoat eti}ng c o hieu. qua ch&ng han nhu duang bQ,duiJng xe laa; nha may di~n, vi~c cung cap nude... = Theinfrastructure of a country is the structure whichhelps it to function effectively, such as roads,railways, power stations, water supply, etc ... Infra La

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titng Latin c6 nghia lit "he" = du:iJi= below. Infra vila la"adverb" oua lit ''preposition'' .

. van chua c6 gi tUdng xlIng vm tiem nang: ... not adequateto its potentials (= potentialities). Co the'thay "adequate"(a9c ['1dikwit)= enough (adj.) for ...

Eg: , Muc cung khong tuang xung vm nuic cdu = the supply isnot adequate to the demand (hoi;ic.. not enough for thedemand).

Bai. dicb tham khao:DAM MON, AN IDEAL BAY IN THE

CENTRAL VIETNAM1. Geography teachers teach their students that the lagoonsand bays of Vietnam can be built to become deep-water seaports like HON GAl, DA NANG, QUY NHON, NHATRANG, CAM RANH, VUNG TAU but they rarelymention DAM MON_

2_Buisinesspeople engaging in short or mid term business canknow more or less about DAM MON, but long-terminvestors are much more interested in it than anyone else -Why?

3. It may be because DAM MON is a strange land withwonderful sights like the island of "Dreamland" attractingtourist far and wide. That's right but it's not enough.

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4. What's the depth of the bay? Cam Ranh is the most idealbay of Vietnam with an average depth of 11m while in DamMan it is 22m.

5. The depth of the two entrances is 25m while the bed of thebay and of the entrances is as flat as that of an aluminumpan, which does not have alluvium every year.

6. Nature endows man with rare happiness: Dam Man bay andits two entrances are protected by-high mountain rangeswhten streh into a chain but still yield level banks forconstruction.

7. Dam Man is still the treasure of Khanh Hoa because herethere are yellow sand mountains of high quality and withreserves of billion of tonnes.

8. For that reason. Khanh Hoa MINEXCO hurriedly builtthere a wharf for 30,000 - tonne ships to load sand in a long. term contract signed with Japan.

9. Recently, the State of Vietnam has planned Dam Mon as asite for construction of an oil refinery with capacity of about6.5 million tonnes/year.

10. The thing to mention here is that the infrastructure in thisplace is not adequate to its potentials.

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BM 3. H(n AN, MQT THANH PHO e oT~ MIEN TRUNG NUDe VI:eT L~ DANG THUC

GIAC CUNG A M VANG e l l A NHUNG BUOC CHANKHAcH VIEN DU

1. Chi rruii ruim. ruim trudc ddy, Hi An con la mot nai be nhotrdm miie, reu. phong v a c o phan am dam, nay da chuye"nminh thanh. m{Jtpha'thi nhon. nhip day site si{ng.

2. Day khong pluii la Zan dau tien HQi An trd nen nh{Jn nhip.SUO! trong thili uuang quOi: Chiem Thanh (til the' ky thit 4den the' ky 14 sau Cong Nguyen). HQi An da la luii cangehinh va la cua ngo quan trong nhat eua uuang quoo , chindm each thu do SIMHAPlRA (= Tra Kieu ngay nay) c o 20cay s6~

3. Tit hai cdng nay, nhilng thity thit nguiti Cham da giong buomlen huang Bile den t(in Trung Quoc, sang phia dong den t(incac dao trong Thai Binh Duong, v e hUdng tay nam den t(intieu luc dia An fJ{Jva the'girJi A R(ip. e,

4. Niim 1558, Nguyln Hoang, nguiti sang Z(ipra trieu Nguyin dDdng Trong da khuyen khich chink sdch. md cua de' adymanli phdt trie"n cong nghi~p va thlldng mai dia phlldng.

5. Vao dau thif ky 16, khi trie'u dinh nhd Minh "be' quan toaaing" dol: u m Trung Quoc, oiec buon. ban to Z'Ia day lainhudn. giita Nh(it va Trung Quoc van tiifp tuc thong quacang HQiAn.

6. Nhung qua thif ky 18, ngoi sao HQi An dii ma dan. Khi nglliJiPluip chiem fJa Nrfng lam nhuang dia eua ho vaa cuol thif ky19 thi so'phn Clla Hi}i An da dur;c an bai nhu mQt v~ tinh,

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7. Tai HQi An ban. co the'lltu lai trong mQt khdch. san. phongcacti c6'kinh, tan b i ? doc theo cac con ph6' hep va nhtim nhapchen ruau, chung tra tren biJ song hhi "chieu ta bang langbong hoang hon. " .

B. Nhung diiu help dan nhd: vi HoiAn. chinh la connguai naido: hie'n lanh, men khdch va hie nao ciing nrJ n(.t cuai trenmaio CUQe song cua h9 c o v e binh yen va gian di, xa rainhilng tien b o nhu vii biio cua the'gidi hien. dai.

9. Sau mot thili gian dai quen. liing, cong cuoc bao v f va ton taocdc di san van hoa cua Hoi An dang duo thuc hisn. u r n Sljgiup da eua cdc chuyen. gia tit nhihi nuac. Hoi ctu: nguili br;tneua H(Ji An da duqe thanh. l(ip di huy aQng tai cluinh. va taitrio Chinh phil ta ciing danh. ngan quy 1ty d6ng eho cangvi~e trung tu.

lD. Tuy nhien. eu bung no'du lieh. da va dang lam phl1c tap themeae n6 lu boo to'n. LO i thiet ke' khong phi: hnp eua nhilngngoi nha mdi tai H(ii An aa lam hu hong canh Quang euaphathi, giong nhu slj trang die'm uung vi tren. mQt guangm(lt [email protected]. Tang eUdng va phcit trie'n kinh tt diu acing hoan nghenh,nhung n e u kh6ng dU(Jc tiin hanh. thtin. trong, cluing co the'huy hoai sue quyen rii eua pho' cd H9i An.

NOTES:- Thitc giflc: to wake (pt: woke/woUki or waked [weikt]; pp :

woken [waukon] or waked); to waken; to wake (pt:awoke [ewetrk] or awaked; pp: awoken or awaked); toawaken ... C a 4 d9ng tu tren ducc slt dung vua la vi) vira la(vt). Tuy nhien, WAKE ph6 bien hen c a . Khi dien t a nghiab6ng nguoi ta lai chon AWAKEN nhu (vt) va AWAKE nhu(vi)

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Eg: Sang nay, t6i da thuc giAccung am vang cua Iii chimdang riu rit ngoai vuon ::::Iwoke (::::awoke;wakened;awakened) to the sound of birds chirruping in thegarden this morning.

M6i l.ncho sua dua be lai gi~t minh thuc gi,ffc::::Eachtime a dog barked, the baby awakened with a start.

Cac ban 6n ao du danh thuc ngudi chet day r6i day::::Youare making enough noise to wake the dead.

Dung danh thuc co gai dang ngu ::::Don't wake(::::waken; awake; awaken) the sleeping girl.

CU9C vieng tham dftu tien cua t6i den nha nang da danhthuc mQt tinh cam chang baa gid chiu rdi b6 Wi:::My first visit to her family awakened a feelingwhich never left me.

Ong ta da nhan ra trach nhiem cua minh ::::he awoke tohis responsibility (::: he became conscious [oraware ] of his responsibility).

Ciiu 1: Trfim mac= quiet (adj.), calm (adj.); untroubled (adj.)...Eg: + Ell ta dang song mQtcuocddi tram mac noi then da:::::She is living a quiet (:::::calm ) life in thecountry.

Reu phong :::::mossy (adj.). E.g mossy stone steps ::::cac bac cap bang da da reu phong (:::::da phu reu l =covered with mossl). Mim xanh reu :::Mossy green. Cophftn a m dam: rather gloomy (adj.); fairly dark (adj.):pretty (adv.) (::::moderately ) unlighted .

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E g _ + D6 la (mot) thi tran voi nhirng con phd am dam day 6 gava h~ thong ong eong bi u nghet ::::That's a town withunlighted (= unlit ...) streets full of holes andblocked drains.Gdu nay e o the'dich: Hoi An was still a calm, mossy andfairly dark little place only five years ago and it has nowchanged into a small city having large numbers of people.Hoae bat ntdm ra: Only five years ago a quite, mossyand rather gloomy little place, Hoi An has changedinto a crowded town bursting with energy (To bebursting with ...::::to be full of... . E . g : + Dia di~m du lichDam Sen ngay nao ding dAynhting nguoi la nguoi =DamSen tourist site is bursting with people everyday.

+ HQda tran d~y hanh phuc ::::They were bursting withhappiness.

+ Nang Iii thieu nu d~y sue song va tharn vong ::::She is agirl full of energy and ambition. B o nang la nguoi cha dAy(nhitng ) tu tu'dng tie'n bQ::::Her father is a man full ofnew ideas.

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c so z . Nhon nhip ::::to bustle I 'b/vsl ] (vi) & (vt); to be verybusy and lively; to have excited (or noisy) activities(excited >[adj.)).

Eg + Cac ba nQi tro nhon nhip ra vao sieu th] An Dang ::::Housewives bustle in and out of An Dongsupermarket. (To bustle >to move in a hurried way)Trung tam thanh pha' dang nhon nhip ::::The city centerhas bustled (::::..has become very busy and lively...).

V 1:t-dng q.u6c Chiem Thanh ::::the Champa Kingdom.81l.u'oong nguyim: thu'img hay vit ,tAt AD, hai mAu tu


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dfiu cua 2 tU Latin ~NNO DOMINI c o nghia la trongnam cua duc chua troi (::::in the year of Our Lord);thuoc v~ ky nguyen Cong giao (of the Christian era), noigon la sau cong nguyen. Trude Cong nguyen thi tadung BC (::::Before.christ). E.g + Vao narn 480 trudc Congnguyen ... ::::in (the year) 480 BC.

Ctla nga quan trong nha't: the most importantstronghold (d day khong dich CUA NGO :::: door,gate ....), HQi An khong th~ la DOOR hoac GATE duocmac du nguoi Vi~t hay n6i nhu v~y. Truong hop khongnho tU STRONGHOLD (::::phaodai, tien don...), ta e6 th~dung PLACE (n) d~ thay ding duoc,

cea s . Nhilng thu.y thu ngudi Cham > The Cham seafarers;the seafaring people of Champa; the Cham sailors (=seamen ...)

E.g_ + Chi nhiing thuy thu e6 kinh nghiem mdi dU'qetuy~n dung= Only experienced seafarers (= sailors; seafaringpersons .) are employed.

* Giong buom len huong B~c... Trung Quae = to sail northto China.Lliu y : Cae phucng hudng EAST; WEST; SOUTH;NORTH e6 3 tU 1 0 1 ; 1 i : noun; (adj.) [attrib.] va (adv.);

a-]Noun: IGi6 dang th6i hudng dong (tay/namlb.c) = Thewind is blowing from the east (west/south/north.).

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b- 1 (Adj.) {attrib}: 1 - H9 dang s6ng d bo bi&nphia dong =They're living on the east coast . d man phia taycua thanh ph6 HeM...= On the west side of HeMcity ...

c-j (Adv.): j. Toa nha quay mat v~ huang dong = Thebuilding faces east (= towards the east) . Doanquan dang di chuydn v e huang tay = The troops aremoving west . MQtban lang d ve phia nam dong songThu Bon ... :::A village south of the Thu-bon River ...

Den tan cac dao trong Thai Blnh Dudng: chi dich dongian, "into the Pacific" thay vi: into the Pacificislands hoac: ... to the islands in the Pacific ...? '" Tieu Inc dia An Do: the Indian subcontinent. (bao g6m:India. Pakistan va Bangladesh.)

The' giai A Rap::: the Arab World. (Lllu v): Arabian(adj.)[attrib.j = thuoc ve hoac co lien quan den A R~pSau-di l= belonging or relating to Arabia, especially toSaudi Arabial).

Eg: .Dlili Sll mQt so' qu6c gia A R~p da duoc rnoi = Theambassadors of several Arab countries were invited.

Ciiu 4:Nguiti sang l~p :::founder (n).

Eg: Ba ta la hoi vien sang lap cua cong ty chung ta :::Shewas a founder member of our company.( :::... one of the first members ...)

Trieu Nguyen d Dang Trong::: the Nguyen dynasty inDang Trong ( ::: South Vietnam). Khuyen khfch ::: toencourage, to support... Eg: Thea y kien cua toi, h~

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th6ng ldi nhuan hien nay cua cong ty chung ta chi t6khuyen khich tinh hidi bieng ::: In my view, thecurrent benefit system of our company justencourages laziness. (Hoac: ... Our company's currentbenefit system...)

- Chinh sitch md ctta :::an open-door policy. Chinh Rachb e mon toa cang = a closed-door policy. Chinh sach onhoa: a moderate (or temperate) policy. Chinh sachcung don ::: a hard ( ::: tough; unflinching ...) policy.Chinh sach nhan su cua cong ty chung toi luc nao cii.ngdude hoaeh dinh va thJ nghi(~mtrong bau khong khi tildo thao luan va edl md :::Our company's personnelpolicy has always been framed and tested in aclimate of free discussion and openness.

DAy nhanh :::.to boost; to increase; to raise .....u i& Nhimg d6i thay nay se giup d'ymanh gia e6phan::::These changes will help to boost share prices.

Cau 5: Vao dau the ky 16 :::At the beginning of the 16thcentury; early (adv.) in the 16th century ... Eg: Tuyetluon Iuon den sdm ::: Tuyet always arrives early .Twin nay, co nang da den sdm hen nita day:::She arrived earlier this week.

Be mon tna cang doi vOi Trung Quac ::: To shut thedoors on China; to apply the closed-door policy toChina.

Viec buon ban to lua day loi nhuan = the lucrative silktrade; the profitable silk commerce .260


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Tie'p tue ::: to continue; to go on; to keep on; toproceed (vi): to progress (vi); to go forward ...Eg: Lam on tie'p tuc cong' viec cua may di ::: Please goon c = proceed ...) with your work .

Sao can ch6 cua may (tiep tuc) sua hoai vay ? :::Why doesyour dog keep on barking?

Viecbuon ban giUa hai nude dang tie'n tri~n tot dep :::Thecommerce between the two countries is goingforward well.

Thong qua cang Hoi An ::: through Hoi An port; bymeans of Hoi An harbour ...

~ Toi dii nhan duoc viec lam nay thong qua mQt van phongtim viec d quan Phu Nhuan :::I got this job through anemployment agency in Phu Nhuan District . Chinh thong qua Tuyet r n a churig toi mdi co th&g~p Iainhau :::Itwas through Tuyet that we were able tomeet again.

Cdu 6:- Qua the' k y 18 (:::van diiu the' ky 18, tuc mdi buoc qua the'k y 18chua lau) :::by the early 18th century .. Ngvi sao Hvi An ail mil dan :::Hoi An's star wentslowly out of view. 0 day ta nen hi~u cau nay theanghia b6ng: Hoi An's star was fading hoae: wasgradually losing strength (:::vigour[U]; energy [U] ).

- Khi nglldi Ph6p chiem Ba Ndng lam ... cua ho: (::: .n diichiem duoc nhuong diaDa Nang cua ho) :::When theFrench took possession of their Danang

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concession. (CONCESSION [C ] ::::0 la cai gi d6 r n a minhbAt buoc phai nhucng d~ ngtidi khac S d hiru nhu mot dacquyen d~c IQi, nhat la sau khi vise thuong thao bi d6 vd, [::::sth that you are forced to let sb, have as a specialprivilege, especially after a disagreement]).

kHQ quyet dinh kh6ng thuc hien mot nhuong hi;}dift dainao he't ;::: They decided to make no territorialconcession. (:::: they cannot concede any of theirterritory. Hoilc: ...allow another country to have it).

- So' phdn Hoi An dii dudc... nhu mc)t v~ tinh :::;Hoi An'sfate was sealed as a satellite.ITo seal ( vO l c o nhieunghia, d da-y ta dung vdi nghia: GIAI QUYET (:::;o settle);QUYET DJNH c = to decide).

k + So phan cua bon chung dB.duoc an hal ::::0 Their fate issealed (::::settled; decided ...) (Nobody can stop what isgoing to happen to them).

Cciu 7:- Lliu lai trong mot khach san phong cach co'kinh ::::ostay in an ancient style hotel.

- Nhd'm nhap chen rlidu, chung tra ::::o have a drink.DRINK(n) ::::thuc uong ( ::::liquid for drinking). Eg: + D ouang d8 toi td. day :::: Drinks are on me(::::I will pay for drinks) + Trong nha may h6ng c o rtiQusao?::::: Isn't there any drink in your house?

+ Nht1ng thuc u6ng nang, tuc I n tra va ca phe, thanh toanrieng re dfly nhe ::::Hot drinks, ie tea and coffee, arecharged for separately (ie doc [ai i.] =that is to say;in other words).

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- !(hi "Chiu ta bang lang bong hoang han" chi dich dongian: as the sun sets hoac the sun is setting hoac: ... isslowly going down below the horizon. Eg: Ng6i saocua lao ta da li},noi (::::thoi oanh liet cua lao nay con dau)::::His star has set. (:::the time ofhis power is over).

CnuS:- Htn lanh ::::candid (adj.): frank (adj.); meek (adj.):gentle (adj.); kind (adj.); benevolent (adj.); friendly(adj.)... Eg: Nang hien nhu cue da't :::She's as meek asa lamb (:::Nang hi~nnhu ciru non - 16i noi nguoi Anh).

- Men khach :::hospitable (adj.); welcoming towardsvisitors ...

Eg: .N6ng dan Vi~t Nam nelitieng 18nhimg nTtidi rAt menkhach :::Vietnamese peasants have the reputation ofbeing very hospitable people.

- Va bie nao ding nd nu crliJi tren moi ::: and alwayssmiling.

Eg: Nang kh6ngbaogideu'di::: She never smiles . Nguoi me mim CJ.1di tha'y cac con minh that hanh phuc =The mother smiles to see her children so happy.- Cu6e s6ng ella ho eo ve....thi/ gim hien dai :::their livesseem peaceful and simple, far removed (adj.) (=distant [adj.];remote [adj.] ) from the stormy pacer = progress [U]; advance [n]; ) of the modern world.Hoac:Their lives look (= appear) quiet (=calm [adj.]:plain [adj.])and almost taken off from the very rapiddevelopment of the international community ..LU'u" 1 :Far (adv.) = much; considerably.

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Cau9: Quen lang = d day nen hi~u la "thieu s1,1'uan tam chams6e dung muc nen phai dich = NEGLECT (chu khBngduoc dich = OBLIVION (Neglect is failure to look aftersb. or sth properly while oblivion means "the state ofbeing quite forgotten").

Eg: + Vu viec d6 se khong chim xu6ng duoc. (= chim vao quenlangj= That affair should not sink (hoac fall) intooblivion.

Conll viec baa ton va ton tao cac di san van h6a =work(n) on preserving and restoring the cultural

,_._\!itlle hoac: tasks on conserving (=protecting...)and rehabilitating the cultural relics.

HBicae ngudi ban clla Hoi An = the Association of HoiAn Friends, HQiViet . Phap = Vietnamese FrenchAssociation. HQi tit thien = charitable society. HQituong trc;l= mutual aid society.

Hoi van hoc: literary club. Huy dong Uii chanh va tai tri = to mobilize financeand expertise; to raise (hoac dung to gather, tocollect...) money and special skill; to get financialsupport and expert [adj.] knowledge ...

Chinh phu ta cilng danh .. cho cong viec trung tu = Ourgovernment has a billion dong fund for restorationwork hoac: reserves a sum of one billion dong forrehabilitation tasks.

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Ciiu 10: Tuy nhim. sU bung n6 du lich ... cac n6 hic bao t6n:However, the tourism boom (hoac thay ::::explosion.Eg: + 81,1bung n6 dan so::::a population explosion hascomplicated conservation efforts. Hoac: But, thefast development of tourism has madepreservation more difficult to deal with ...

1 . . 0 1 thiet ke khan ::::uncoordinated design;unsuitable arrangement... TO COORDINATE vt phffihop t= to put into proper relation]. Eg: Chi flyla mot viic6ng gioi: tat ca cac d


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I2 J each trang die'm (= the way of making up).ITOMAKE UP kho~c to make oneself up) :::trang di&m(:::to put cosmetics on one's face). Eg: Co nang da matc a gid d~ trang di~m truce bira ti~c sinh nhat ella minh :::She spent an hour making (herself) up before herbirthday party .

Ba d6 11k nao cling trang di~m r8't u la loe Ioet :::Thatwoman is always very heavily made up (=Bhealways puts a lot of make-up on her face).

Ciiu 11: Tang clidng va phat tritin kinh tff d!udang hoan nghmh::: Economic growth and development should bewelcomed (=supported; approved of...).

DUdC tien hanh than trong :::to he carried out carefully;to be implemented cautiously; to be done with great care(::: caution [U]; atten tion [U] ...) Hoac.... with a lot ofcare (...)

Eg: Can cam Calbinh c5 nay clin than, Me kh6ng muon n6 hib~ dau da'y ::: Hold this ancient vase carefully (:::cautiously ...); Idon't want it broken. Pha huy ::: toruin (vt); to destroy (vt); to demolish (vt); to put anend to ..

Eg: MQihy vong v~ thiet l~p hoa binh dB.hi bai dien van cuaang ta pha huy :::All hopes of a peaceful settlementwere destroyed by his speech . Ho (du dirih) se phahuy cac toa cao OCcii nay vao twin tO i ::: They're goingto demolish these old buildings next week. May sepha huy moi co may c6 viec lam cua may neu may macchiec vay ngan cim ng&ncan d o d&di phong van :::You'll

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ruin all your chances of the job if you wear thatvery short skirt to the interview. Sue guyen ril ella ph6 cdHoi An = the charm of old HoiAn town; the attrativeness of ancient Hoi An town;the beauty of Hoi An. a town having existed for a(very) long time ..

Bid dich. tham khiio:HOI AN, AN OLD TOWN IN CENTRAL VIETNAM,

IS ONCE AGAIN WAKING TO THE SOUNDOF TRAVELLER'S FOOTSTEPS

1. Only five year ago a quiet, mossy and rather gloomy littleplace, Hoi An has changed into a crowded town burstingwith energy.

2. It's not the first time Hoi An has bustled. During theChampa Kingdom period (4 th century AD to 14th centuryAD), Hoi An was the main seaport and the most importantstronghold of the kingdom, located 20 km from the capitalSIMHAPURA(= Tra Kieu today).

3. From this port, the seafaring people of Champa sailed north'to China, east into the Pacific, south and west to the Indiansub-continent and the Arab world.

4. In 1558 Nguyen Hoang, the founder of the Nguyen dynastyin Dang Trang (South Vietnam), encouraged an open-doorpolicy to boost local industry and trade.

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- . ,,11.\' Inthe 16th century, when the Minh dynasty shut thedoors on China, the lucrative silk trade between Japan andChina continued - through HoiAn port.

6. But by the early 18th century, Hoi An's Star was fading.When the French took possession of their Da Nangconcession at the end of 19th century, Hoi An's fate wassealed as a satellite.

7. In Hoi An, you can stay in an ancient-style hotel, walk alongnarrow streets and have a drink on the riverbank as the sunsets.

8. But, the most attractive thing about Hoi An is its people:candid, hospitable, and always smiling. Their lives seempeaceful and simple, far removed from the stormy pace ofthe modern world.

9. After a long period of neglect, work on preserving andrestoring the cultural heritage of Hoi An is being carried outwith the help of pecialists from many countries. TheAssociation of Hoi An Friends was established to mobilisefinance and expertise. Our government has a billion dongfund for restoration work.

10.But, the tourism boom has complicated conservation efforts.Uncoordinated design of new buildings in Hoi An hasdamaged the facade of the town, like bad make-up on anattractive face.

11. Economic growth and development should be welcomed,but if not carried out carefully, they may destroy the chamof old HoiAnTown.

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... ,., '.... ..? ...RAJ 4. SONG BE, MQT TINH GIAU D~PeVA MIEN DONG NAM BQ

1. Liinh. tho' Song Be ndm trong uung kinh tt trong etilm cua cdnude, tnii rimg tren. mot dien tich gan 10.000 km2 tuangetr.tdngm(5t trieu hec-ta.2. Dan so'Song Be La 1,1 trieu. nguai, vm m(lt et(j binh: qtuin. lizmot ngr.tiJi/ hecta.3. Song Be ia uung etat tre chuyin titp giita Cao nguyen NamTrung Bf; (nai c o nhiiu tiem. nang vJ thuy eti~n, bo-xit, g8,

nong san, hang hoa, v. v ...J va thanh. pho' Hr5Chi Minh:4. Song Be c o ngu6n tai nguyen thien. nhien. et(i.cbi~t phong phti,

nhieu trie"'nvf/ng tra thanh. m9t dia phuaru; giau. c o eti etonggop phdn. minh. vao nen kinh tt dat nude . Song Be ciing Lamdnh. ctiit dii va dang thu hut cdc nha dau tu trong va ngoainuao .

5. Dat: c o 18 loai da't hluic nhau, thich lutp cho nhieu loai caytr6ng nhu cao su, d(iu ph9ng, tieu, dieu, cd phe ... Hai loaidat chinh la dat do ba-dan. va dat rom pluit trie'n phil sa c O :

6. NUdc:a. Nguon. nuoc mg,t va ngu6n nUdc ngdm klui phong plui, neudU(1ckhai tluic h.ap Lj s e btio dam c o e t u nuac cho cong cu(jcpha: trien. kinh tt xii h9i trong tlnh, Han the' nita; ngu6n nuacndi. aay con c o the' cung cap cho cd TP. H6 Chi Minh va cac 'tinh phu. cg,n.

b. Rieng ngu6'n nude mdt udi h~ thong song su6i day di;f,c.SongBe c o nhieu. uu the'di khai thac thuy di~n ciing nhu thuy lai.7. Ritng:a. Dien. tich tro'ng rung c o trii lUfJng Ian nhdt Dong Nam B(}.

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b. Cric loai ritng hien. c o la ritng g6, h6n giao g6, tre, nua, l t J 6...Trft luang go vao khodng 10.5 trieu m3.8. Khocing san:Co den 104 dia diem, bao gdm:- Kim loai: B6xit, uang,- Phi kim loai: than bun, cao lanh, set g a c h . ngoi, dd voi, ddxciy dtJng ...-Khodng san cua Song Be kh6ng da cluing va cluing chu yeula phi kim loai nhung c o qui m6 ldn, c o chii: luaru; tot va dJkhai thdc.

9. Du lich:a. Dia hinh S6ng Be vita mang tinh chat d6'ng bang uua trung

du, bili vy mai co nhitu canh. dep m : i ' i tieng thud xa xua vadang la titn at di md ra nhitng oung du lich. vdi nhiing netd{ic thi: cua Song Be nhu ouan cay an trtii Ldi Thieu, hdBinh. An, suol L6' 6, nui Cluiu. Thdi, nui Ba Rei, tluic Md...

b. Ngoai ra con c o cdc dia danh lich. sit nhu Phii Loi, Chien khuD, Bau Bang, Bo'ng Xoai, Phuac Long, Tam Giac Sdt ...10. Mong sao Song Be nhanh chong di den thanh. cong va trdthanh. mot dia phlidng giau manh.NOTES:-Mot dnh giau dep cua Mien Dong Nam Eo :::a beautifulprosperous province of Southeast Vietnam; an attractive(:::[adj.] fascinating; charming ...) and wealthy provinceof Vietnam Southeastern region ...IPROVINCE(n) 1 : : : = don vi hanh chanh cua mot s6 nude nhu: ~Vi~t Nam, Lao, Kampuchia, Thailan, Trung Qu6c, Canada,Phap ..,

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+ M{_}t6 qu6c gia khae h; jihan chia d{\t nude ho thanhBANG (hoac) TIF.r liA1\'G = I= STATE])nhu My, Dire,An DQ, Nam Phi te ... Province ngoai nghia la TINH,con e n nghia KIEN THUC CHUYENMON (special knowledge); TRAcH NHI~M(respons ibilrty) ...Eg: + V{\n d~ d o ngoai trach nhiem ellaCong ty chung toi = That problem is outside theprovince of our company (n)We cannot solve it).

Cfiu 1: Lanh th6 = territory (n); land(n); area(n}...

Eg: + Loai s6i luon luon baa v~ lanh dia ella chung chong lai cacloai xam nhap = wolves always defend theirterritory against intruders.

N.1m= to LIE [lai] (pt: lay [lei]; pp: lain [lein]; pres,participle: lying [Taiin].

Eg: +Than xac anh ay da nam lai chien truong Kampuchia =His body lay (= he was buried) in the Cambodianbattlefield.

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+ Dung bu6n nira! Ban vira tre lai vira dep, Mot tuong laitran day hanh phuc dang mb r{_}ngruoc mat ban day! =don't be sad any more. You are both young andbeautiful. A very happy future is lying before you!.Ta c6 th~ thay To LIE = to spread; to extend; to be; tostretch; to be situated (= located) ...

Eg: + R6i d.m narn d phan ma-y = The trouble lies (= is) inthe engine.


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Que nang n~m trong mat thung lung el la tinh Lam Dong= her native village lies (= is situated ...) in a valley ofLamDong province.

Nhung canh rUng trai dai hang tram dam = The foreststhat lie = stretch: extend ...) for hundreds of miles ...

Vung kinh te trong diJm = vital economic region; major(=important ...) economic zone ...

Eg: S~ img hQ eua cac ban la rilt cfin thiet cho ke hoach cuatai duoc thanh c6ng = your support is vital (verynecessary) to (or for) the success of my plan.

D61a nhfing vA"ndg trong di&mn5i c9m e o L.m muc quantrong quae gia =' Those are the issues of vitalnational importance.

Ciiu 2: Dan s5 Sang Be ::::the inhabitants of Song Be; Song Be'sresidents; its population

Eg: Gng ta da la dan Ha NQi hen 30 nam dlfy ::::He was aresident (or an Inhabitant) of Ha Noi for more thanthirty year. Tang truong kinh te cua quae gia d6 dB . khong di doi duqcvdi su gia tang dan so::::the economic growth of thatcountry failed to match the increase in population.(Tomatch = to be equal to).

MAt do blnh guan = average density.Eg: Nhiet d binh quan tai TP. Da Lat vao thang 12 IS.baa

nhieu? =What's the average temperature in Da-LatCity in December?

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Vung que thudng c6 mat dQnha d thap > there is usuallya low density housing in coutryside(::::Countryside often has a small number of houses in alarge area).

co o s . Vung dat tre ::::New land. (Tre d day nen dioh ::::new hen ::::young). Dit thi dich ::::LAND chu khong dich =:: earth;ground hoac soil. [D~ nghi tham khao rtrDIEN Anh - Anhd~ hi~u ro su khac bi~t giira 4 tU nayj),

Eg: Dung dat rna la'p ma'y 16 fiy di (hoac: lip da"tmfiy 10 fiy di)::::fill those holes with earth [U). Tufin r6i bo chi fiy da truot khoi chiec thang va roi xuongda"t ::::Her father slipped off the ladder and fell tothe ground last week. Dilt noi day phi nhieu H im :::: the soil here is veryfertile. (Dat thit =:: heavy soil; dat pha cat= sandy soil;dat pha set >clay soil ...).

Vi~t Nam la vung da't c6 nhieu cd may cho cac nha dfiu tu::::Vietnam is a land of opportunities for investors.

- Chuy~n tip. Nen dich ::::o sandwich (vt), dung dich ::::otransfer (vt) thea each n6i thuong ngay cua nguci VietNam se khong c6 nghia. SANDWICH vira la (n) vira la(vt). Ngiroi Anh thi doc ['srewidJ] nguoi My 10i doc .l'seenwitj] .

1. (n) Barih mi san-quit, ban nao cling hi~u c a r6i~Banhg6m rn9t mieng thit hoac pate ... d giiia hai Iat banh mi haiben.

z . (vt) [Chuyen tiep]: kep vao giua, nrc di';ltm9t v~t hoac motnguoi giua hai v~t hoac hai nguoi khac, nhat 18.ltrong mot

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khoang khong gian chat hep (::: to put one thing orperson between two others especially in arestricted or little space).

Eg;_ Sang qua tren xe buyt minh bi kep giua hai ong to beo ::: Iwas sandwiched between two very fat men O Il the busyesterday morning.Hoac: Isanwiched myself between two very stout men ...)

Lao giarn doc ngiroi Dai Loan do da "chuyen tiep" tinh camcua lao sang co ban gai cua may roi ::::That Taiwanesemanager transferred his affections to your girlfriend.

Cao Nguyen Nam Trung Do ::::::he highlands (:::uplands)of Southern Central Vietnam.

Eo xiL bauxite ['bazksait] lU] (khoang chat giong nhu datset dung d~ luven nhorn z: the clay-like are from whichaluninium is obtained).

Song Be co ngucJn..... phong phd (::: Song Be phong phdngucn tai nguyen thien nhien dac biet) :::: Song Beabounds in special natural resources. C6 th~ thay TOABOUND in (or withj> to have in large quantities, for ingreat numbers): to be abundant (::::rich:plentiful) in: toexist in large amounts ...

Eg:. Vung nay co nhieu ca sau ::: this region abounds incrocodiles. Haac: crocodiles are plentiful r = abundant:rich ...) in this region. Hoac crocodiles exist in largeamounts in this region ...

Tri~n vong = - prospects [pI]; chance (s) of success; outlook(for sth) ... Eg: Tri~n vong phat trien kinh te trong nhirng

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nam toi la rfft phan khoi phai vay kh6ng ? ::: the outlookfor economic development in the coming years isvery encouraging isn't it?

Tri~n vong d6i voi nhung ke thAt nghiep that Ia am dam :::the outlook for the unemployed is bleak (:,::gloomy;dreary [drieri]: causing lowspirits ...).

+ Tri~n vong thu hoach Iua gao nam nay (Ia) kern :;: theprospects for this year's rice harvest are poor.

Cnu5:Dfft:::land (:::an area of ground).Lfiu y : LAND thuong dung d dang so'it. Khi dung d dangso'nhieu n6 c6 nghia la BATDONG SAN. (LANDS (PL) :;:an area of land which someone owns [:::estate(s)]).

Eg:+Cac ba't dQngsan cua ho da bi nhirng ten xarn lucc chierngiu 20 nam ve truoc :;: Their lands [estates] wereoccupied by the aggressors twenty years ago . Thanh ph6 chung ta kh6 s o V I thieu dilt xay dung :::Ourcity suffers from the shortage of building land.tTO SEE, to find out, ect ... how the land Hes > tim hiauxem tinh hinh the nao, su viec ra sao (= to learn whatthe situation is, howmatters stand, etc ).

Eg:+T6t hen chung ta nan tim hi6u tinh htnh the nEWrudc khikhoi su ba't cu hanh dong nao :::we should better findout how the land lies before taking any action. Hoac:It is better for us to see how the land lies before using anymeasures.

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Giiu 6:Nguon nude mat va nuoc ngAm = the source of surfacewater and underground water.-Kha phong phil = rather rich; pretty (dv) plentiful: fairlyabundant ...

E.g : Hom nay troi kha lanh, phai khong nhi? = it's prettycold today, isn't it?Toi kha chac r~ng nang se n6i dang y = I'm pretty sureshe will say yes.- DUdCkhai thac hop ly = to be exploited properly: to beused suitably: to be developed correctly...

Eg:+Hang xudng cua lao ta khai thac (= b6c l(>t)c6ng nhan (euaminh) mot each toi t~ = His firm exploits its workersdisgracefully.- H~ thong kinh te' the' gidi hien nay dB.va dang khai thac (=loi dung) cao nude dang phat tri~n d~phuc vu cac nude daphat tri~n = The world's current economic systemhas exploited the developing countries in favour ofthe developed ones. (In favours of'= on the side of; insupport of; in sympathy with ...)1'1'0 EXPLOIT (vt)!trong 2 trudng hop tren co nghia Ia touse selfishly; to use (esp, a person) unfairly for one's ownprofit or advantage.- Hdn the' nua = in addition; moreover; further (adv.); .besides (adv. )...

Eg:+Ng6i nha nay qua nho doi vdi m1}tgia dinh muoi ngudi, vahon the' nira nha lai d trang tinh trang toi t~ = This houseis too small for as family of ten (persons), and further(more) (= in addition; moreover, besides ...) it is in a badcondition.

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6b. Rieng nguon nude mat= as for surface water. C6 th~ thayAS FOR::: WITH REFERENCE TO; on the subject of:concernIng ...

Eg:+ Rieng anh, Wi khong bao gid mu6n thay mat anh noi naynira :::as for you. I never want to see you here again .

May con c6 th~ c6 giudng, rieng chi may n6 se phai ngUdUal dat :::you can have a bed; as for your sister shewill have to sleep on the floor.

. H e th6ng song su6i day dac ::: a criss - crossingnetwork of rivers and streams; a dense network ofrivers and brooks.ITO CRISSCROSS (vt) & (vi) I : : : tao ra mot hinh dancheo (ngang doc) trong hoac tren mot noi nao hoac motcai gi d6 (:::to create a pattern of crossed lines in oron some place or something).

Eg: +Cac Bng nude c A t ngang doc nhtrng con pho va via he :::(the) water pipes criss-cross the streets andpavements.

+Cac duong' day di~n cao the dan cheo nhau ben tren vungque ::: the high-voltage (electricity) cables criss"cross over the countryside .

Cac IAn dUdng chang chit d ban do ::: The road linescriss-cross the map.

- C6 nhi~u Uu the 16n: ::: to have great advantages; topossess [pe 'zcs] favoura bleconsiderable benefits ...

- Thuy dien >hydro-power; hydro-electricity ...

conditions: to have

- Thuy Idi (hoac ) (:::nganh thuy ldi) :::hydraulics.

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Eg: Ba n6 la ky sir thuy lqi = His father is a hydraulicengineer .

Thang may thuy ltlc = a hydraulic lift.Cdu 7:

- Dien tich d6 trong rung = the area for forestation; the areafor the planting (= establishment) of forests; the ground tobe turned (= converted; transformed ... ) into forest orwoodland; the land to be covered with trees of forest.Lu:u y : FORESTATION (us) = AFFORESTATION (Brit).Tit di~n Oxford cd IOn chi co tit Afforestation [U] chukhong co tu Forestation.

~ ? ..... A" A ....Muon tham khao nen xem TIT DIEN LAM NGHI:eP hoacTU DIEN BAcH KHOA [Encyclopaedia] cua Anh, My,Uc ... rnoi co. Doi vdi dQng tit cimg vay .

TO FOREST (US) = To afforest (Brit.) = Trong cay gayrung ( = to plant many trees on: to convert (ground) intoforest; to cover with trees of forest; to transform into aforest; to establish forest cover [n] on ...) .

TO REFOREST (US):: ; ; to reafforest (Brit) = trong lai rung (=to plant [land] again with forest trees ...)Tru ltidng ::::reserves (usu.pl.) (thtr duoe d~ danh [= du trulhoac cat giu cho viec sU:dung sau nay [= thing put asideor kept for later use]).

Eg:.Dwindling oil reserves r= tru Ittqng dAu rn a ngay cangvoi dan.

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Vi~t Nam co trii' hrong nang luong that doi dao :::Vietnamhas great reserves of energy. Thung xang du trir :::areserve (petrol) tank.

Conang da n6i de'ncuoc ly hon (:::ly di)lfrnthu 4 cua minhr n a ch~ng chut gi ai ngai>she spoke without-reserve ofher 4th divorce [divers]. (Reserve [U] ::: limitation onone's feelings, ideas, words etc...)

Eg:. Vi~cxuat khAubApsang Chau Phi= The exportation ofcorn to Africa. C6ng ty ba ta him ra giay chi d 6 xuat kh~u ::: Hercompany manufactures shoes for exportation only.

- D6moe gia dung tinh xao :::refined furniture for householduse

- Sdn mal::: )lacquerware) U) (mat hang sdn rhai):-!LACQUER I ) leek'el] (U)::: Son mai: quang dau, tile 10l;1ison d~c bi~t duoc phil len g6 hoac kim IOl;1i~ eho ra 1ldpml)t cling va nhan b6ng (::: a special type of paint [orvarnish] put on wood or metal to give a hard glossy[:::shiny] surface).To lacquer (vt) :::phil son mai (:::to cover [or to coat] sthwith lacquer).

Eg: + To lacquer a big vase; a table, etc...I WARE I ) wee l (U)::: hang hoa duoc che'tao hang loat theatung 10~icu th~ nao do. Voi nghia nay, WARE thuong dungtrong cac tit ghep, (=] Especially in compounds]manufactured goods of the specified type).

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Eg: Hang sAt (= dB sAt) = ironware + Hang bac =silverware.

+ D B dat nung = earthenware + D B stt = ovenware.+ DB sAt gia dung nhu chao, soong, nBi ... = hardware (:::

metal tools and household implements).- Hardware con co nghia la PHAN GONG ella may vi tinh(= mechanical and electronic parts of a computer). Phanmem = SOFTWARE. (Sach tieng Vi~t in d nude ngoaithuong dich HARDW ARE= Cuong lieu va software = nhulieu) ...

- Ga dung eho xay dung cd ban = wood for basicconstruction.

- Bot gia'y ::: pulp I p/vlp] (U) (::: bt)t min ella s d ga I::: 8 9igal duoc dung d~ lam gia'y l = soft mass of wood fibre,used for making paper).

Cau8:- Khming san >mineral [C] & [U] (::: bat eu chat gi 'lay len

tu da't bang each khai thac, nhat la quang kim loai [ :::any substance got from the earth by mining, esp. ametal ore]).

Eg: + Than, sAt, vang ... deu 1 8 . khoang san ::: coal, iron, gold,etc ... are minerals.MINERAL OIL::: dliu tho ( :::petroleum), tire la loai dciuc o gDckhoimg (::::any oil of mineral origin).MINERAL WATER:::: nude khoang, tire loai nude c6 chuamQt each tljnhien cac loai mUD]hoac ga khoang da duochoa tan. Loai nude nay dung d~ uDng vi co gia tri chua

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benh (::: water that naturally contains dissolvedmineral salts or gases, and is drunk for itsmedicinal value).

- Bo xit - bauxite ['b:):ksait] [U], loai quang giong nhu datset dung d&tinh luyen nhorn ( = the clay - like orefrom which ALUMINIUM is made)

- Than bun > peat [U] thuc v~t mot phan bi phan huy vitac dong cua nude, nhat la d nhirng chb sinh lAy. Thanbun duoc dung d&dOt thay than hoac dung lam cho caytang truong tot (:::plan material partly decomposed[= decayed} by the action of water, esp, in marshyplaces. PEAT is used for burning instead of coal, formaking plants grow well)&MQt kien than bun ::: abale of peat .

Li'ta than bun >a peat fire (fire in which cut pieces ofpeat are burned) .

Vung nay chua nhieu than buri > This land (or soil)contains a large quantity of peat.Cao lanh Kaolin l'kcielin] (also CHINA CLAy) loai dat settrang min dung lam d6 su va dung trong y hoc ( :::a finewhite clay used in [or for] making porcelain and inmedicine).Set gach ngai ( ::: dat set d&lam gach ng6i) :::clay tomake bricks and tiles.Da voi::: LIMESTONE [U], loai da cochua CHATVOl vanhieu chat khac ( :::a type of rock containing CALCIUMand other substances).

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Khoang san eua Song B e khong da dang::: the minerals ofSong Be do not have lot of kinds. Hoae: are not ofdifferent sorts: ... of plentiful (:::diverse) types .- C 6 qui r n a lOn :::to exist in great quantities.

Ciiu 9:-Dia hinh ::: topography [UJ, Wc nhimg net d?c thu cuamot noi nao do, nhat la vi tri cua song ngoi, doi nui, duongxa ... cua ndi d6 ( :::natures of a place, esp, the position ofits rivers, hills, mountains; roads, etc ...); physical shape.- Dong b~ng::: plain (n); area oflevel country ...Dong bang d day khong nen dich >tilDELTA.DELTA dung dti dich tu chau th6 thi dung hon. Delta Ia vungdrrt phu sa hinh tam giae d cua mot con sang, hoac dl19Cbaaquanh bili cac chi nhanh cua con song d6 hoac dl19Ccac chinhanh ella con song d6 chay qua. (::::triangular area ofalluvial land at a river's mouth, enclosed or crossed bybranches of the river).

Eg:. Dong- bang (::: Chau tho) song Cuu Long ::: the MekongDelta.

D6ng b.ng song Nil >he Nile Delta. Nhuug dong bang ri)ng IOn b vung Trung Tay Hoa K y : : :The great plains of the American Midwest.

Nhung canh dong c o baa la ::: the vast, grassy plains ...Trung du ::::midland (n) & (adj): the middle part of acountry.Dia hinh Song Be vua mang... trung du ::: Song Be's

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