Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu 21. stol.

INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ

Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

THE UK

HISTORY 1

The Iberians• inhabited the British

Isles in about 3000 BC

• tribal organisation• race of hunters• knowledge of

metalworking• knowledge of

agricultural techniques

The Celts (900 BC – 55 BC)• divided into tribes under

a chief• brave warriors –

swords, spears, knives, chariots

• worshipped many gods and offered human sacrifices; their priests were called druids

• kept herds of cattle• made pottery

The Romans (55 BC – 450 AD)

• Celtic revolts: Boadicea, queen of Iceni; attacks from the north - Hadrian’s Wall, the Wall of Antonius

• Latin (British language still existed)

• had influence on architecture and town planning (Bath)

• built networks of roads

The Anglo-Saxons (450 AD – 1066 AD)

• Celtic revival was followed by attacks from Germany

• Angles, Saxons and Jutes settled on the east and south-east coasts and began to spread across the island

• Britons (Celts) were driven to the west

• the Anglo-Saxons divided England into seven kingdoms

The Viking Invaders and the Danes (8th – 11th century)

• the Danes and the Norsemen (Vikings) attacked England

• Alfred the Great was partly successful in stopping the Danes

• “Danegeld” first imposed in 991 – a tax to pay the Danes to go away

The Viking Invaders and the Danes (8th – 11th century)

• Danish King Canute ruled England from 1016 to 1035

• the Danes and the English lived more or less in peace

• Canute’s sons weren’t able to rule and Edward the Confessor took power (son of previous Anglo-Saxon king)

The Normans (1066 – 1154)

• William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and was crowned the King of England – Norman aristocracy, the French language

• Domesday Book (1086): a survey of all things in the kingdom

Magna Carta• Note: Richard I, the

Lion-Heart – Holy War

• King John I, Lackland was forced to sign Magna Carta in 1215

• Magna Carta: restricted the power of the ruler, rights of barons and ordinary people

Hundred Years’ War (1338 – 1453)

• dynastic struggle between Edward III and Philip VI of France – claim to the French crown

• the English won the Battle of Crecy in 1346 (John of Luxemburg killed) and the Battle of Agincourt in 1415

Hundred Years’ War (1338 – 1453)

• the French started to win when Joan of Arc got involved in the war; she got visions from God telling her to drive out the English

• in 1429 she forced the English to lift the siege to Orléans

Hundred Years’ War (1338 – 1453)

• the Battle of Castillon in 1453 is considered the last battle of the Hundred Years' War

• the English practically lost their power in France (except Calais)

The Wars of the Roses (1455–1487)

• the House of York: red rose

• the House of Lancaster: white rose

• both noble houses wanted the crown

The Wars of the Roses (1455 - 1487)

• the last battle of the war was the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485

• Richard III (York) was killed and Henry Tudor (Lancaster) became King Henry VII

• Henry Tudor married Elizabeth of York and the two houses were joined

The Tudors (1485 – 1603): Henry VIII

• Henry VIII established the Church of England in 1534 – wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon (no son)

• Henry VIII had six wives, two of them were executed – Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard

• Henry VIII had tree children – Mary I (Bloody Mary), Elizabeth I and Edward VI

The Tudors (1485 – 1603): Elizabeth I

• Elizabeth I and Elizabethan Age: prosperity of England

• enforced the Protestant religion by law

• conflict with Roman Catholic Spain (Philip II): in 1588 the defeated

INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ

Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a státním rozpočtem České republiky.

Tato výuková prezentace byla pořízena z finančních prostředků hrazených Evropským sociálním fondem

a rozpočtem České republiky.