pohohfhnif fhnif - drumpublications.org · pohohfhnif fhnif b.w>xk;xd.&rvdrtdroxvgwbsda...

POHFHniFPOHFHniF b.w>xk;xD.&RvDRtDRoXvgwbsDAp;xD.vXA2006AeH.vHRvHR

u-wL> (7)Atbh.(2)A AAAAvg,lR<A2012eH.u-wL> (7)Atbh.(2)A AAAAvg,lR<A2012eH.

w>*h>cd.wDwz.Õ Avh.rh.tlÕ Avh.rh.tlvXtcV uwX>vX[D.cd.csX 5 Acd.tusgÕ AeHRurSHoud;Õ AemCHvRÕ ArRvdoud;w>pk Aoh'D;wHusd.Õ Aw>*DRrSHoeX.ÕAw>uVcd.ElmÕ Aw>uGJ;xD&DRÕ AySRpJth.zdvXt AeD>qH;Õ AvHmtoDvXe*D>Õ Aw>upD.vXe*D>

(uG>qlubsH;yR 2III)

ubsH;yR 1

vh.rh.tvh.rh.tll vh.rh.tlrh>0Jcdcd.w>0HpdmwDqSXtcD.xH;uwX>wuvkm vX[D.cd.csXtHRM.vDRI zJ 1814 eH.M.< uFD. pwHzhp> (George

Stephenson) ySRrRw>zdvXw>rRpX>x;tvD>w*RrRtd.xD.od.vh.vXtpl;ugxHo0Hto[D.vXySRpl;ugtDRvXw>rRpX>x;tvD>vXuvJRw>vXvh.rh.tlusJtvdRM.vDRI vh.rh.tltqduwX>wcd.vXtd.xD.0JvX[D.cd.csXtHRtrHRvX ?bsLpX>/ M.vDRI vh.rh.tlwcd.tHRb.w>bSDxD.tDRvXoh.'D;td. 'D;cD.y.vXw>rRtDRvXx;'D;vJRw> cV0J'. 4 rHvmvXwe.&H.twDRylRM.vDRI zJ 1826 eH.M.uD>tJuvH;ty'd.xH.0JvXw>ub.rR*kRxD.yoDxD.w>0HpdmwDqSXvXtxHuD>ylRtCd< [h.vDRw>uvk>vXw>ubSDxD.

vh.rh.tl

vXvX?t?tcVucVuwX>/wX>/vX[D.vX[D.cd.csX 5 cd.cd.csX 5 cd.tusg IIIItusg IIII

(uG>qlubsH;yR 3II)

ubsH;yRA2 AA

zdo.oeX.< usd.w>&RvDRvHmvJ>w>rRu%l>

vh.rh.tl = ubsH;yR 1 w>ydmxGJvh.rh.tl = ubsH;yR 1 w>ydmxGJ

eoh.ng{gIIIeoh.ng{gIII vh.rh.tlusJt*hRuwX>vX[D.cd.csXM.td.0JvX uD>tR_zHRuR vh.rh.tlusJt*hRuwX>vX[D.cd.csXM.td.0JvX uD>tR_zHRuRM.vDRI vh.rh.tlwcd.tHRtrHRvX vh.rh.tlbsL M.vDRI vh.rh.tlwcd.tHRtrHRvX vh.rh.tlbsL (The Blue Train) (The Blue Train)

M.vDRI vh.rh.tlwcd.tHRtrHR[lo.zsg cDzsdvXySRvXt'd;vh.M.vDRI vh.rh.tlwcd.tHRtrHR[lo.zsg cDzsdvXySRvXt'd;vh.rh.tltHRuxH.b.usJcHcDyRvXtrh>0J uD>tR_zHRuRcdcd.tMqX.'D;rh.tltHRuxH.b.usJcHcDyRvXtrh>0J uD>tR_zHRuRcdcd.tMqX.'D;

yD.vJ.vXtzsgCHvRM.yD.vJ.vXtzsgCHvRM.vDRI wu;b.vXvh.vDRI wu;b.vXvh.rh.tltylRtHRtd.rh.tltylRtHRtd.'D;[H.'GJvXtywD>xD'D;[H.'GJvXtywD>xDph>uD;M.vDRI ph>uD;M.vDRI

vh.rh.tlusJvX 0h>rJcFh.pxX.(Manchester) 'D;0h>vHbX.zl (Liverpool) tbX.pXRM.vDRI p;xD.zJM.< w>pl;ugvh.rh.tltgxD.'D;w>bSDxD.vh.rh.tlusJvXuD>t*Rwz.tgxD.ph>uD;M.vDRI zJ 1892 eH.zJw>CkxH.oh.ngvXw>upl;ug';qH.od (Gasolin) M.vh.rh.tlph>uD;b.w>rR*kRxD.yoDxD.tDRph>uD;M.vDRI cDzsdvXvh.rh.tlvXw>pl;ugxHo0Hto[D.tHR'd.

'D;vJRw>ubSXtCdt0Joh.rR*kRxD.yoDxD.0J'fod;'D;upl;ug';qH.odM.vDRI vh.rh.tlvXtpl;ug';qH.odwz.M.cVvH b.q.tb.w>rR*hRxD.tDRuU>uU>M.vDRI wkRvXrk>r

qgweHRtHRM.vh.rh.tlvXw>pl;ugtDR'D;vDrh.tlto[D.td.xD.vHM.vDRI 'D;vh.rh.tlwz.rh>0Jw>0HpdmwDqSXwuvkmvXrRbD.xD.nDxD.ySRunDtw>td.rltgr;M.vDRI

ubsH;yR 3

usd.w>&RvDRvHmvJ>w>rRu%l>< zdo.oeX.

vh.rh.tlvXtcVuwX>IIvh.rh.tlvXtcVuwX>II

eHRurSHoud;eHRurSHoud;

(ubsH;yR 1 w>ydmxGJ)

w>egtd.{gIIw>egtd.{gII

zdcGg ; ygygII y[H.M.wJ_yJ>td.rh>uD;II y> ; td.0JvJ.I b.rEkReoHuG>ygyg'ftHRvJ.IzdcGg ; 'D;eDeDvXtuJyySRrRw>zdw*RM.wJ,RrD.I y> ; rh>{DRII uFgM.vJRbd.xD.yqhulqhuRcDIzdcGg ; yuvJRzJvJ.I y> ; yb.[;xD.vX[H.tHRoXI y[H.wtd.'D; ySRrRw>zdeDwbsDb.I

vXysXRySRrh>b.vJRqlw>vD>t*RM.ySRwtJ.'d;'X;vh.rh.tl}uD}uDb.< cDzsdvXtvXmw>qXuwD>tgM.vDRI b.q.rk>rqgweHRtHRvh.rh.tlwz.b.w> rR*kRxD.yoDxD.tDRwkRvXtcVM.'H;odvh.'D;ucVxJod;'D;ubD,lRM.vDRI vh.rh.tlvXvmtHRrh>vh.rh.tlvXtcVuwX> 5 cd.vX[D.cd.csXtHRM.vDRI

vh.rh.tl%S.[JrJ.vh; = w%l;uD>IvJRw>cVuwX>M>0J 487I3 kmph M.vDRI

vh.rh.tl}xg&J;zH;xHtg 09=uD>,X&reHIvJRw>cVuwX>M>0J 449I81 kmph M.vDRI

vh.rh.tlcFH.c.ph. = uD>,y.IvJRw>cVuwX>M>0J 442 kmph M.vDRI

vh.rh.tlwhuFhbh = uD>jz.ph.IvJRw>cVuwX>M>0J 380 kmph M.vDRI

vh.rh.tlchxHtJ;(p)2 = uD>cd.&H,gIvJRw>cVuwX>M>0J 350 kmph M.vDRI

1I

2I

3I

*kmph = uH.vd.rHxX.vXwe.&H.twD>ylRI

4I

5I

ubsH;yRA4 AA


pkv.ymzsgrHRpkv.ymzsgrHRw>yD;w>vw>yD;w>vDp;cd pX>bdx;&H; pX>bdcJ.vGJ>w>us;pJ eD.wHmbd

vG>

1I ymvDRepkv.wcDyRvXp;cdtvdR 'D;whydmxGJtDR'D;pX>bd'fw>*DRymzsgtHRwuh>I

2I who;zsX.t*DRvXp;cdtvdRwuh>I

3I cJ.M.pkv.'D;o;zsX.tvGJ>'fevd.b.tDRwuh>I 'D;uGJ;vDRerHRvXpkv.tylRM.wuh>I

4I pl;ugx;&H;wHmpkv.'D;o;zsX.vXecJ.tvGJ>0HRwuh>I

5I us;vDReD.wHmbdvXpkv. 'D;o;zsX.vXtvD>cH'D;w>us;pJ'fw>*DRymzsgtHRwuh>I

eoud;vXuFdwz.rh>bSDpkv.'fod;'D;eRud;*R'J;M.eupl;ugtDRzJeuFdo&.ud;xD.rHRvXuxH.e[J xD.uFd{gohM.vDRI 'D;w>vJRxD.uFdurh>w>vXt rkmwcgM.vDRI

ubsH;yR 5


rRvdoud;w>pkoh'D;wHusd.whoud;zsX.xlwhoud;zsX.xl

'fw>qXuwD>cJtHRtd.'D;,l&dRw>jyXzsX.xltod;yrh>wwhvdo;vXzsX.xlt*DR b.'kyurh>ySRvXtwvlRxD.w>qXuwD>b.wpJ;zd tCd wbsDngtHRwHwHuod.vdzd'd.oh.wz.vXw>whzsX.xlt*DRM.vDRI uG>'D;whydmxGJ'fw>*DRymzsgtHRwqDb.wqDwuh>eDRI erh>ydmxGJ'fw>*DRymzsgtHRM.ezsX.xlvXewhwz.uu0DRusDR'fzsX.xlteD>uD>M.vDRI

ubsH;yRA6 AA


w>*DRrSHoeX.w>*DRrSHoeX.

)

ubsH;yR 7


pDRqH;qH;qXxX.pDRqH;qH;qXxX.'D;toud;ySJR*RvJ.I'D;toud;ySJR*RvJ.I

eoh.ng{gIIIeoh.ng{gIII w>oH'd.vh.rh.tlusJ (Death Railway) M.td.0J'.vX uD>uFD.wJ. tylRM.vDRI 'D;od.rSHRok;zdvXb.,y.ok;rXuk>t0Joh.vXubSDxD.vh.rh.tlusJtHRoH0Jtgtg*D>*D>tCdw>ud;vh.rh.tlusJtHRvX ?w>oH'd.vh.rh.tlusJw>oH'd.vh.rh.tlusJ/ vDRI

w>uVcd.Elmw>uVcd.Elm

tpX = 11 *RI rh>vXpDRqH;qH;tuyRwuyRpkmpkmM.zdo.utd.0J 5 *Rpkmpkm tpX = 11 *RI rh>vXpDRqH;qH;tuyRwuyRpkmpkmM.zdo.utd.0J 5 *Rpkmpkm tCdzdo.cJvXmtd.0J 11 *RM.vDRI tCdzdo.cJvXmtd.0J 11 *RM.vDRI

pDRqH;qH;'D;toud;wz.*JRqXxX.&J.vDRto;z;xDw*h>vDRI zJe*H>uG>ySRqXxX.wcD*hRwcD*hRM.pDRqH;qH;rh>qXxX.vXySRCk*Rw*RM.< zdo.qXxX.cJvXmutd.ySJR*RvJ.I

ubsH;yRA8 AA


w>uGJ;xD&DRw>uGJ;xD&DR

vXrk>*DRcD,J>e.&H.wcDM.vh.rh.tltuvk>oD.z;'d.vXw>cH;usg'D;w,HmwrD>M.trh.tlvXtcd.zsguyDRbl;xD.bl;xD.0JM.vDRI ,qh.eDRtd.cd;vh.rh.tlzJvh.rh.tloMM.vDRI weHRngtHRrh>0JuFdp;xD.tqduwX>woD 'D;w>'d;vh.rh.tltHRrh>ph>uD;w>vJRvXuFdcDzsdvh.rh.tltqduwX>wbsDvX,*D>M.vDRI vXvh.rh.tltylRySRtd.0JxJpSR*RcDzsdvX*DRxXoX.tCdM.vDRI 'D;,rh>ph>uD;ySRuFdzdxJw*R{dRvXvh.rh.tltylRM.vDRI zJ,qh.eDRvXvh.rh.tltylRxJw*RM.'D;vh.rh.tlvJRw>vXtw>cV td.0JxJod;od;wbdy

,lmCDtcg< rk>ph>uD;[JxD.0Ju,Du,DM.vDRI zJrk>[JxD.wkRvX,uG>w>zsgvHwbsDM.,wkRzJwdRz;'d.wbdvXvh.rh.tlucDb.tDRM.vDRI wdRwbdtHRrh>wdRvXb.w>ol.xD.tDRvX[D.cd.w>'k;cHbsDwbsDtqXuwD>< oemuh*hR'H;0JM.vDRI wdRwbdtHRtzDvmM.rh>0J'.xHusdz;'d.wbd'D;vXxHusdeHRM.td.'D;w>tD.us;vXtd.vXxdtylRwz.tg'd.r;M.vDRI xdwz.M.b.w>zSLtvGJ>tuvkmuvkm< b.q.*DRcD'ftHRM.w>bO.w>bSD.0J'.M.vDRI wkRvXvh.rh.tlvJRw>wvXuGHmwdRM.< ,xH.b.vhz;xDvXusJuyR'D;w>rk>w>bdwz.rJxD.zJ

vX>vhtuql;vXtxD.0JohtvD>M.vDRI w>tHRwrh>w>vXtxk;M>,o;b.tCd,rHur.b.,o;M.vDRI zJM.tcg,eXb.w>eXwcgvXteXtvDRqDvX,*D>tCd,yX>xD.M.vDRI zJM.,uG>xD.w>vXvh.rh.tltyJ}wDzd'D;,xH.b.pHmysDvXbktzDwz.bDxD.wpJ;zdvHM.vDRI uvHRvXrk>*DRcDtlb.0Jbkxl.wz.'D;bkwz.0H>0>to;zsgvDR*m'fvyDvXyD.vJ.tylR< wu;b.eXrl'd.r;M.vDRI wrh>td.xJbkb.< td.Ckm'D;xHydmusd;'D;zDusd;M.vDRIupX>uvdwz.td.tgr;vDRI wkRvXvh.rh.tloMwwDRvXvh.rh.tlub.td.cd;vh.

w>rRvdvXvh.rh>tltzDcd.I

ubsH;yR 9


rh.tlt*Rwcd.'fucD*mvdmo;oht*D>M.tcgM.ySRuFdzdvXub.vJRvXuFd'D;vh.rh.tlwz.[JxD.vXvh.rh.tltylRySJRySJRvDRI tM.wpkvh.rh.tltylRw>wbO.bSD.vXRb.< ySRuFdzdwz.pH;uwdRvdmo;w>wkRvX,we>[lvh.rh.tltuvk>b.M.vDRI zJySRuFdzdwz.xD.vh.rh.tltcgM.y>Ckm'D;ySR0Hqgw>tD.w>tDwz.ph>uD;M.vDRI w>tD.w>tDtd.0Jtuvkmuvkm< 'ftrh>ud.zJch;< ytH[X'D;xd;n.u.< 'D;ud.t*R'D;w>xHwz.tuvkmuvkmM.vDRI b.q.w>vXtbJuwX>vX,*D>rh>0Jud.zJch;vDRI b.wbsDbsDM.,yORtDRwbh.< [h.uvD,Rwbh.M.vDRI ,tD.ud.wcDcDuG>w> vXusJuyRwcDcDM.vDRI vh.rh.tlvJRw>vXtw>cVxJod;vdmo;wy,lmCD< 'D;tutd.ywkm0JzJvh.rh.tloMxJM.

vDRI vh.rh.tlrh>0J0HpdmwDqSXtusJwbd vXyuw,;w>qXuwD>vXw>vJRw>uhRnDcDzsdvXtrh>vJRw>ubSXb.q.tw>,HmM.wvDRqDvdmo;tgb.< zJvh.rh.tlrh>w[;*DRb.tcgM.vDRI ySRvXu'd;odvh.M.ub.rh>ySRvXtymuJw>qXw>uwD>vDRI b.rEkRvJ.M.< rh>vXvh.rh.tlu[JvXtoMvXtb.qXb.uwD>'D;wtd.cd;ySRb.< w>qXuwD>rh>b.M.[;xD.uGHm0JvDRI ySRvXtd.vXvh.rh.tlylRoh.wz. rh>tJ.'d;pH.vDRM.< ub.uwDRto;vXupH.vDR0Jph>uD;vDRI pH.vDR0Jrh>wcsK;b.M.ub.pH.vDR0JvXvh.rh.tloMqlrJmngwoM'D;td.,HR'D;oMtHRz;,HRngohM.vDRI vh.rh.tlvX,'d;b.weHRtHR'k;oh.ng,RvX< yrh>urRw>wrHRrHRM.yub.rRtDReD>eD>vDRI 'D;yub.rRtDRvXt*hRuwX>

wvd.u&Du';b.M.vDRI cDzsdvXw>u&Du';M.urRtd.xD.w>ur.ohtCdM.vDRI urh>0Jw>vJRvXtvXmw>qXuwD>tgb.q.rh>usJwbdvXuqSXySRqlw>vD>vXyynd.CmcsK;qXcsK;uwD>M.vDRI usJvXyvJRM.yuxH.b.< vJRcDzsdb.ySR< w>vXtrRrHyo;w>< w>vXtuxk;M>b.yo;wkRvXyutJ.'d;pH.vDRuGHmvXvh.rh.tlwcd.tHRtylRrhwrh> w>vXywtJ.'d;xH.b.oh.wz.vDRI b.q.'fvJ.*hR'fvJ.*hRyrh>rRtDR'fyw>ynd.vXusJwbd,l>CDM.yuvJRwkRqlyw>ynd.zDwX.oh0JM.vDRI

ubsH;yRA10 AA


ySRpJth.zdvXteD>qH;ySRpJth.zdvXteD>qH;

w>yD;w>vDw>yD;w>vDvHmvXtwD. 2 bh.pX>bd 8 bd

1I ymvDRvHmwbh.vXw>'gcd.'D;qD.tDR'fuok;tvD>t*D>'fw>*DReD.*H> 1 ym zsgtHRwuh>I2I ym'Du-xXxD.vHmcHbh.wbh.vXtzDcd.'D;qD.tDR'fuok;tvD>'fw>*DReD.*H> 2 'D;orHord;tDRvXeub.pl;uge*H>tgxD.{gI3I ymvDRpX>bd 8 bdvXvHmcHbh.tHRtzDvm'fw>*DReD.*H> 3 ymzsg0Jwuh>I 'D; qD.vHm'fuok;to;u,Du,Dwuh>I orHord;vXeb.pl;uge*H>tg'H;{gw uh>I

w>uJxD.to;'D;w>ok;vHmcHbh.M. eub.pl;uge*H>tgM>'H;vHmwbh.M.vDRI b.q.erh>ymvDRpX>bdvXvHmcHbh.tzDvmM.eqD.b.tDRnDxD.0J< wu;b.tok;to;,HRM>'H; vXewymvDRpX>bdvXtzDvmb.M.vDRI w>tHRcDzsdvXzJw>zdw>vHRok;to;tcgM.< w>b.-wLmvdmo;to[D. (Friction) utd.xD.0JvXtrRed;rRbs;w>ok;to;M.vDRI w>wrHRvXetJ.'d;ok;tDR'fCXM.w>b.-wLmvdmo;to[D.utd.'ftgM.vDRI 'D;zJeymvDRpX>bdvXvHmtzDvmM.urh>w>vXtrRpSRvDRw>b.-wLmvdmo;t*H>o[D.vDRI

w>ok;w>zdw>vHRtCXnDnDoh'fvJ.w>ok;w>zdw>vHRtCXnDnDoh'fvJ.

1 2 3

ubsH;yR 11


,w>vJR[;qluD>uFD.wJ.tvHmw>uGJ;eD.zd(y,DR) vHmzdtHRrh>0Jzdo.cH*Rtw>vJR[;qluD>uFD.wJ.tylR'D; rRvdM>b.0JuFD.wJ. tw>qJ;w>vR 'D;vk>v>xloElwz.vDRI uD>uFD.wJ.tHRytd.qd; wh>vXtylRwbsK;eH.vHb.q.< ywoh.ngt0J oh.tw>qJ;w>vRcJvXm'H;b.I erRvdM>vXvHm zdtHRtylRvXew>oh.nge>yX>utgxD.t*D>ohvDRI

usd.'D;unDzd (unD< y,DR)usd.'D;unDzd (unD< y,DR) vHm usd.'D;unDzd wbh.tHRM.rh>vHmuG>o}wJRM.vDRI b.w>Ckoh.ng'D;ymzSd.w>*h>w>usdRvXb.C;'D;usd.'ftrh>ySRunDtw>qJ;w>vRtw>yeD.wcgM.vDRI vHmwbh.tHRuwJyF;eRvXusd.M.w>p;xD.rRtDRvXzJvJ.< w>qXuwD>zJvJ.< b.w>rRtDR'D;w>rEkRwz.vJ.< 'D;b.C;'D;ySRunDuvkm'fvJ.M.vDRI

bsJ;(c)tJ;tw>uwdR (unD)bsJ;(c)tJ;tw>uwdR (unD) vHmzdtHRrh>w>ymzsgxD.trJ&uRySRxlvHRzdwz.t w>td.rl'D;tvk>v>xloElwz.cDzsdvXySRtrJ&uRxl vHRzdw*RvXtrHRrh>0J bsJ;(c)tJ; M.vDRI uwJyF;0J '.t0Joh.tw>td.rl'D;w>vXt0Joh.b.uG>qX.rJmvXw>vk>tD.o;rlwz.vXtvDRxk;M>o;'D;vDRol.yd>o;0;vXy0Joh.wz.t*D>M.vDRI

vwJ.'D;vwh>oh.zdtH

vHmtoDvXe*D>vHmtoDvXe*D>

;.

M.vDRI

ubsH;yRA12 AA


vXw>qJ;usd;t*D>Drum Publication Group

P.O Box 66Kanchanaburi 71000, Thailand

Ph: (+66) 034-623-423, Fax ; (+66) [email protected]

yo;td.uGJrkmb.'hzdud;*RvX usd.w>&RvDRvHmvJ>w>uGJ;jyXvX 2012 eH. tHRrh>0J'.vX wDRxDuFdzdwz.t*D>M.vDRI w>uGJ;wbsDtHRrh>0J w>uGJ;vXt[J vXew>qdurd.xH.rSH'.eJM.vDRI wb.rh>w>vXttd.ympXRwz. rhwrh> [H; M>ySR*Rtw>uGJ;b.I euGJ;'J;uH.'J;0hRtDRohtuvkmuvkmM.vDRI w>*h>cd.wDweH.tHRrh>0J ?,w>xH.rSHvDR,o;vXcgqlngteH. 20/?,w>xH.rSHvDR,o;vXcgqlngteH. 20/M.vDRI b.C;w>*h>tHRe[h.w>*h>cd.wDohtuvkmuvkm< t'd< = w>rRvduFdcgqlng w>rRvduFdcgqlng teH. 20< ,vHmpdmpkcD.zFLxX.zdwzsX.< uFdo&.vX,*D>cgqlng 20 'D; t*kR teH. 20< ,vHmpdmpkcD.zFLxX.zdwzsX.< uFdo&.vX,*D>cgqlng 20 'D; t*kR t*Rwz.oh0JvDRI t*Rwz.oh0JvDRI

w>bsXvXw>ub.vlRydmrRxGJtDRwz.w>bsXvXw>ub.vlRydmrRxGJtDRwz.1) ySREkmvDRjyXw>wz.ub.rh>wDRxDuFdzd (8=12 wDR) M.vDRI2) w>uGJ;cJvXmtpSRuwX>ub.td.0Jp;cd0g (A4) 3= 5 ubsH;M.vDRI3) w>uGJ;wz.ub.ylRzsJ;'D;xH%l>uD>oJ;'D;w>bl.w>bgtw>b.*Hm*lmwohzJ tohM.vDRI4) ub.rh>eD>up>tw>qdurd.rSHtw>uGJ;M.vDRI wb.rh>w>vXttd.ym pXRwz.b.I 5I 0Ho;plRuGJ;'D;qSXuhRw>uGJ;jyXwcgtHRtpJRcHUwX>zJvgtDulm 30< 2012 eH. 5I 0Ho;plRuGJ;'D;qSXuhRw>uGJ;jyXwcgtHRtpJRcHUwX>zJvgtDulm 30< 2012 eH. wuh>I wuh>I

w>upD.vXe*D>w>upD.vXe*D>

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